Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.006
Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos , Kelmer Martins-Cunha , Thiago Kossmann , Genivaldo Alves-Silva , Felipe Bittencourt , Domingos Cardoso , Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira , Tiara Sousa Cabral , Aristóteles Góes-Neto , Francisco J.S. Calaça , Daniela Werner , Marcio Verdi , Fabiana L. Rocha , Eduardo P. Fernandez , Gustavo Martinelli , Luciana Canez , Adriano Spielmann , Leonardo M. Urruth , Luthiana Carbonell-Santos , Nelson Menolli Jr. , Diogo H. Costa-Rezende
Fungi are critical for maintaining healthy ecosystems and a thriving economy, being responsible for a trillion-dollar industry worldwide. Fungal conservation has been gaining momentum over the past decade, with steady efforts in Brazil, where 123 species occurring in the country have been published in the IUCN Red List. Despite their remarkable diversity, efforts to effectively protect Brazilian fungi remain incipient. Legal recognition is recent, and environmental impact studies, as well as specific conservation plans and actions targeting fungi, are still limited or absent. This paper explores the current state of fungal conservation in Brazil, highlighting their importance, diversity, endemism, and the threats they face, while addressing practical challenges to fully integrating Brazilian funga into the national biodiversity conservation agenda. We emphasize that the 67 Brazilian endemic species published in the IUCN Red List could serve as the basis for the first official National Red List for Brazilian Funga, as recognized by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MMA - Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima). Following this milestone, a formal proposal was submitted to the MMA for the official recognition of 24 endemic species, further advancing national listing process. This step enables the integration of threatened, specially endemic, fungal species into broader conservation strategies and public policies, in alignment with the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and Brazil’s commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Finally, we discuss ongoing initiatives and future directions for fungal conservation in Brazil.
{"title":"Brazil as a global player in fungal conservation: A rapid shift from neglect to action","authors":"Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos , Kelmer Martins-Cunha , Thiago Kossmann , Genivaldo Alves-Silva , Felipe Bittencourt , Domingos Cardoso , Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira , Tiara Sousa Cabral , Aristóteles Góes-Neto , Francisco J.S. Calaça , Daniela Werner , Marcio Verdi , Fabiana L. Rocha , Eduardo P. Fernandez , Gustavo Martinelli , Luciana Canez , Adriano Spielmann , Leonardo M. Urruth , Luthiana Carbonell-Santos , Nelson Menolli Jr. , Diogo H. Costa-Rezende","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungi are critical for maintaining healthy ecosystems and a thriving economy, being responsible for a trillion-dollar industry worldwide. Fungal conservation has been gaining momentum over the past decade, with steady efforts in Brazil, where 123 species occurring in the country have been published in the IUCN Red List. Despite their remarkable diversity, efforts to effectively protect Brazilian fungi remain incipient. Legal recognition is recent, and environmental impact studies, as well as specific conservation plans and actions targeting fungi, are still limited or absent. This paper explores the current state of fungal conservation in Brazil, highlighting their importance, diversity, endemism, and the threats they face, while addressing practical challenges to fully integrating Brazilian funga into the national biodiversity conservation agenda. We emphasize that the 67 Brazilian endemic species published in the IUCN Red List could serve as the basis for the first official National Red List for Brazilian Funga, as recognized by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MMA - Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima). Following this milestone, a formal proposal was submitted to the MMA for the official recognition of 24 endemic species, further advancing national listing process. This step enables the integration of threatened, specially endemic, fungal species into broader conservation strategies and public policies, in alignment with the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and Brazil’s commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Finally, we discuss ongoing initiatives and future directions for fungal conservation in Brazil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 246-254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.09.003
Christopher B. Anderson , Daniela M. Tamburini , Jorge L. Baldo , Ian Barbe , Diego A. Cabrol , Joana Carlos Bezerra , Javier M. Cordier , Cristina Cussel , Samanta Dodino , Lucrecia Estigarribia , Rayen Estrada Pacheco , Sabrina Harris , Pablo Y. Huais , Juan C. Ospina , Andrea Raya Rey , Lucía I. Rodríguez-Planes , Verónica Rojo , Emilia Sago Herrador , Eugenia Sánchez Díaz , Ana Tomba , Sandra Díaz
Sustainability sciences and policies are striving to achieve biodiversity conservation and social well-being. Academics and managers have developed concepts like ecosystem services (ES) and nature’s contributions to people (NCP) to bridge disciplines and knowledge systems to more fully account for nature’s multiple values in research and decisions. However, there is consensus on the need to enhance plural valuations of nature and their uptake in theory and practice. Consequently, we assessed the status and trends of ES/NCP research in South America’s Southern Cone. Delimiting our geographic focus allowed better interpretation of findings for the science-society interface (e.g., social actors, public policies, funding, capacities). We found a critical mass of empirical studies since about 2015 with three epistemic communities coexisting. While ‘economic utilitarian’ and ‘value-pluralist’ perspectives have become well represented in the last decade, ‘biodiversity and ecosystem function’ studies continue to predominate. Coverage is heterogeneous; some ecoregions (e.g., Serra do Mar, Valdivian Rainforest) are more studied. Research has predominantly addressed Regulating ES/NCP, been conducted at local and regional scales, and employed field sampling of biophysical indicators. Furthermore, societal engagement is low, mostly based on social actors as study subjects. Likewise, we found weak insertion in governance frameworks, considering both the number of studies with an explicit policy-orientation and those funded or supported by governmental management agencies or public policy structures. Based on these trends, we reflect on existing and needed capacities to promote more plural approaches to conservation and development. There is a general gap in abilities to institutionalize science-society platforms, including enhancing negotiation, social networking, and practical management skills. By mapping these opportunities and challenges, we seek to open pathways forward for science and capacity-building that integrates biodiversity with just and sustainable development.
可持续性科学和政策正在努力实现生物多样性保护和社会福祉。学者和管理者开发了生态系统服务（ES）和自然对人类的贡献（NCP）等概念，以架起学科和知识体系的桥梁，在研究和决策中更充分地考虑自然的多重价值。然而，有必要加强对自然的多元评价及其在理论和实践中的吸收，这是共识。因此，我们评估了南美洲南锥体ES/NCP研究的现状和趋势。划定我们的地理重点可以更好地解释科学-社会界面的发现（例如，社会行为者、公共政策、资金、能力）。自2015年以来，我们发现了大量的实证研究，其中有三个认知社区并存。虽然“经济功利主义”和“价值多元主义”的观点在过去十年中得到了很好的体现，但“生物多样性和生态系统功能”的研究仍然占主导地位。覆盖范围是异构的；一些生态区（例如，Serra do Mar, Valdivian Rainforest）的研究更多。研究主要涉及调节ES/NCP，在地方和区域尺度上进行，并采用生物物理指标的实地抽样。此外，社会参与度低，主要是基于社会行为者作为研究对象。同样，考虑到具有明确政策导向的研究数量以及由政府管理机构或公共政策结构资助或支持的研究数量，我们发现在治理框架中的插入性较弱。基于这些趋势，我们思考现有的和需要的能力，以促进更多元的保护和发展方法。将科学社会平台制度化的能力普遍存在差距，包括加强谈判、社交网络和实际管理技能。通过描绘这些机遇和挑战，我们寻求为科学和能力建设开辟前进的道路，将生物多样性与公正和可持续的发展结合起来。
{"title":"Valuations of nature and its contributions to people in South America’s Southern Cone: taking stock and looking forward","authors":"Christopher B. Anderson , Daniela M. Tamburini , Jorge L. Baldo , Ian Barbe , Diego A. Cabrol , Joana Carlos Bezerra , Javier M. Cordier , Cristina Cussel , Samanta Dodino , Lucrecia Estigarribia , Rayen Estrada Pacheco , Sabrina Harris , Pablo Y. Huais , Juan C. Ospina , Andrea Raya Rey , Lucía I. Rodríguez-Planes , Verónica Rojo , Emilia Sago Herrador , Eugenia Sánchez Díaz , Ana Tomba , Sandra Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability sciences and policies are striving to achieve biodiversity conservation and social well-being. Academics and managers have developed concepts like ecosystem services (ES) and nature’s contributions to people (NCP) to bridge disciplines and knowledge systems to more fully account for nature’s multiple values in research and decisions. However, there is consensus on the need to enhance plural valuations of nature and their uptake in theory and practice. Consequently, we assessed the status and trends of ES/NCP research in South America’s Southern Cone. Delimiting our geographic focus allowed better interpretation of findings for the science-society interface (e.g., social actors, public policies, funding, capacities). We found a critical mass of empirical studies since about 2015 with three epistemic communities coexisting. While ‘economic utilitarian’ and ‘value-pluralist’ perspectives have become well represented in the last decade, ‘biodiversity and ecosystem function’ studies continue to predominate. Coverage is heterogeneous; some ecoregions (e.g., Serra do Mar, Valdivian Rainforest) are more studied. Research has predominantly addressed Regulating ES/NCP, been conducted at local and regional scales, and employed field sampling of biophysical indicators. Furthermore, societal engagement is low, mostly based on social actors as study subjects. Likewise, we found weak insertion in governance frameworks, considering both the number of studies with an explicit policy-orientation and those funded or supported by governmental management agencies or public policy structures. Based on these trends, we reflect on existing and needed capacities to promote more plural approaches to conservation and development. There is a general gap in abilities to institutionalize science-society platforms, including enhancing negotiation, social networking, and practical management skills. By mapping these opportunities and challenges, we seek to open pathways forward for science and capacity-building that integrates biodiversity with just and sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.004
André Luiz Gama Nogueira , Carolina Alves , Loisa Fabrícia Prates Alvarez , Mábia Biff Cera , Maria Augusta de Mendonça Guimarães , Mariana Azevedo Rabelo , Mayara Guimarães Beltrão , Monicque Silva Pereira , Richard Hatakeyama , Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros Ferraz
Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a growing global and political concern as human activities expand into natural habitats. In Brazil, one of the world’s most biodiverse countries, HWCs are a particularly complex and still neglected issue. This study highlights the typical HWCs in urban and rural (shared) and protected (spared) landscapes related to emblematic terrestrial mammals, emphasizing the importance of correct assessment and mitigation of their impacts, aiming for sustainable coexistence. Species-specific conflicts include livestock depredation by jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor), crop damage by capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) and tapir (Tapirus terrestris), and zoonotic disease transmission by capybaras, primates (Sapajus spp. and Callithrix spp.), and South American coati (Nasua nasua). Wildlife-vehicle collisions are a typical threat to several species, including the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). The invasive species wild boar (Sus scrofa) further exacerbates HWCs, causing extensive ecological and economic impacts. Mitigation strategies include physical barriers, wildlife crossings, habitat modification, and community-based initiatives such as ecotourism and local engagement programs. However, the management of less studied conflicts, particularly those involving non-threatened or invasive species, remains inadequately addressed and concerning. This study underscores the need for integrated approaches that balance ecological, social, and economic considerations to promote human-wildlife coexistence. Bridging knowledge gaps through research, stakeholder collaboration, and inclusion of overlooked species and conflicts is essential to evidence-based policies and mitigation strategies. By addressing both human and wildlife needs, conservation efforts in Brazil can create a coexistence paradigm that benefits biodiversity and human communities together.
{"title":"Human-wildlife conflicts in Brazil: Navigating through shared and spared landscapes","authors":"André Luiz Gama Nogueira , Carolina Alves , Loisa Fabrícia Prates Alvarez , Mábia Biff Cera , Maria Augusta de Mendonça Guimarães , Mariana Azevedo Rabelo , Mayara Guimarães Beltrão , Monicque Silva Pereira , Richard Hatakeyama , Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros Ferraz","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a growing global and political concern as human activities expand into natural habitats. In Brazil, one of the world’s most biodiverse countries, HWCs are a particularly complex and still neglected issue. This study highlights the typical HWCs in urban and rural (shared) and protected (spared) landscapes related to emblematic terrestrial mammals, emphasizing the importance of correct assessment and mitigation of their impacts, aiming for sustainable coexistence. Species-specific conflicts include livestock depredation by jaguar (<em>Panthera onca</em>) and puma (<em>Puma concolor</em>), crop damage by capybara (<em>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</em>) and tapir (<em>Tapirus terrestris</em>), and zoonotic disease transmission by capybaras, primates (<em>Sapajus</em> spp. and <em>Callithrix</em> spp.), and South American coati (<em>Nasua nasua</em>). Wildlife-vehicle collisions are a typical threat to several species, including the giant anteater (<em>Myrmecophaga tridactyla</em>) and the maned wolf (<em>Chrysocyon brachyurus</em>). The invasive species wild boar (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) further exacerbates HWCs, causing extensive ecological and economic impacts. Mitigation strategies include physical barriers, wildlife crossings, habitat modification, and community-based initiatives such as ecotourism and local engagement programs. However, the management of less studied conflicts, particularly those involving non-threatened or invasive species, remains inadequately addressed and concerning. This study underscores the need for integrated approaches that balance ecological, social, and economic considerations to promote human-wildlife coexistence. Bridging knowledge gaps through research, stakeholder collaboration, and inclusion of overlooked species and conflicts is essential to evidence-based policies and mitigation strategies. By addressing both human and wildlife needs, conservation efforts in Brazil can create a coexistence paradigm that benefits biodiversity and human communities together.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 236-245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.007
Emilly Layne Martins do Nascimento , Santiago José Elías Velazco , Fernando M. Ramos , Rafael G. Ramos , Aline C. Soterroni , Geiziane Tessarolo
Cerrado biome, home of many plants endemic species, is suffering significant habitat loss due to anthropic actions, including natural cover loss and climate change. Here we assess how climate change and future natural cover loss will impact the distribution of endemic and threatened flora in the Cerrado, considering two scenarios related to the implementation of Brazil's Forest Code: the baseline scenario (BS), which reflects partial implementation, and the full implementation of Brazil's Forest Code (IFC). By 2050, distribution losses are projected at 33% under the SSP126 scenario, increasing to 37% and 41% under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. Species are likely to retreat to the southern, southeastern, and central regions, which are the richest in species but will face the most severe reductions. Despite the IFC scenario offering better protection, nearly all species (239) will still experience distribution reductions, even under the most favorable scenarios in this analysis. The study confirms that both climate and natural cover loss will significantly diminish the geographical range of most species by 2050, particularly in areas with the highest current richness. This trend could lead to increased extinction risks, which could be reduced with the full implementation of the Forest Code.
{"title":"Climate change and feeble governance threaten the endangered endemic Cerrado flora in Brazil","authors":"Emilly Layne Martins do Nascimento , Santiago José Elías Velazco , Fernando M. Ramos , Rafael G. Ramos , Aline C. Soterroni , Geiziane Tessarolo","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cerrado biome, home of many plants endemic species, is suffering significant habitat loss due to anthropic actions, including natural cover loss and climate change. Here we assess how climate change and future natural cover loss will impact the distribution of endemic and threatened flora in the Cerrado, considering two scenarios related to the implementation of Brazil's Forest Code: the baseline scenario (BS), which reflects partial implementation, and the full implementation of Brazil's Forest Code (IFC). By 2050, distribution losses are projected at 33% under the SSP126 scenario, increasing to 37% and 41% under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. Species are likely to retreat to the southern, southeastern, and central regions, which are the richest in species but will face the most severe reductions. Despite the IFC scenario offering better protection, nearly all species (239) will still experience distribution reductions, even under the most favorable scenarios in this analysis. The study confirms that both climate and natural cover loss will significantly diminish the geographical range of most species by 2050, particularly in areas with the highest current richness. This trend could lead to increased extinction risks, which could be reduced with the full implementation of the Forest Code.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 290-299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.001
Kevin A. Wood , Lucy L. Jupe , Ella E. McCutcheon , Cath Cooke , Julia L. Newth
Conservationists recognize the importance of human-nature connectedness, which refers to a person’s subjective perception of their relationship with the natural world. People with higher human-nature connectedness have greater support for pro-environmental and pro-nature conservation behaviours, as well as higher wellbeing. Fostering greater human-nature connectedness through activities that environmental organisations facilitate can therefore help to inspire people to support conservation efforts. However, we currently have a limited understanding of which activities increase human-nature connectedness. In this study, we address this knowledge gap by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, to assess the changes in human-nature connectedness associated with participating in environmental activities conducted in green and blue spaces including zoos, aquariums, parks, gardens, nature reserves, and similar places. Our initial searches found 356 studies, which through detailed screening were reduced to 43 studies that contained relevant information. These 43 studies yielded 123 estimates of changes in human-nature connectedness in response to participants undertaking one of six environmental activities: encounters with captive or wild animals, educational activities, opportunities for nature-based recreation, gardening and habitat management activities, and mindfulness activities. Our modelling showed that all six activity types were associated with increases in human-nature connectedness. Changes in human-nature connectedness were highest for mindfulness and wildlife encounters, whilst being lowest for gardening. Among the six activity types, mindfulness and wildlife encounter activities both led to a statistically significantly greater increase in human-nature connectedness than either captive animal encounters or recreation. Medium duration activities (i.e. those carried out over 2–7 days) led to greater increases in human-nature connectedness compared with activities conducted over long durations (>7 days), but not short durations (≤1 day). Changes in human-nature connectedness did not vary between adults and children. Our meta-analysis provides evidence that the types of activities facilitated by conservation organisations help to foster increased human-nature connectedness.
{"title":"Nature-based activities improve human-nature connectedness: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kevin A. Wood , Lucy L. Jupe , Ella E. McCutcheon , Cath Cooke , Julia L. Newth","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservationists recognize the importance of human-nature connectedness, which refers to a person’s subjective perception of their relationship with the natural world. People with higher human-nature connectedness have greater support for pro-environmental and pro-nature conservation behaviours, as well as higher wellbeing. Fostering greater human-nature connectedness through activities that environmental organisations facilitate can therefore help to inspire people to support conservation efforts. However, we currently have a limited understanding of which activities increase human-nature connectedness. In this study, we address this knowledge gap by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, to assess the changes in human-nature connectedness associated with participating in environmental activities conducted in green and blue spaces including zoos, aquariums, parks, gardens, nature reserves, and similar places. Our initial searches found 356 studies, which through detailed screening were reduced to 43 studies that contained relevant information. These 43 studies yielded 123 estimates of changes in human-nature connectedness in response to participants undertaking one of six environmental activities: encounters with captive or wild animals, educational activities, opportunities for nature-based recreation, gardening and habitat management activities, and mindfulness activities. Our modelling showed that all six activity types were associated with increases in human-nature connectedness. Changes in human-nature connectedness were highest for mindfulness and wildlife encounters, whilst being lowest for gardening. Among the six activity types, mindfulness and wildlife encounter activities both led to a statistically significantly greater increase in human-nature connectedness than either captive animal encounters or recreation. Medium duration activities (i.e. those carried out over 2–7 days) led to greater increases in human-nature connectedness compared with activities conducted over long durations (>7 days), but not short durations (≤1 day). Changes in human-nature connectedness did not vary between adults and children. Our meta-analysis provides evidence that the types of activities facilitated by conservation organisations help to foster increased human-nature connectedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 219-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.09.002
Helena Alves Prado , Aliny Patricia Flauzino Pires
Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as key strategies for urban climate adaptation. To ensure effectiveness and avoid conceptual dilution, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) established a Global Standard comprising eight guiding criteria. However, the extent to which these criteria are incorporated into scientific research remains unclear. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of 79 peer-reviewed studies to evaluate how the IUCN criteria are applied in NbS literature focused on cities, and whether their inclusion relates to reported adaptation outcomes. Our results show that most studies emphasize biophysical aspects, such as temperature or runoff reduction, while largely overlooking social, institutional, and temporal dimensions. Criteria such as Governance, Trade-offs, and Adaptive management appear in less than 10% of the studies. We also find a negative association between the number of criteria considered and the mean effect size, with greater variability in outcomes as complexity increases. These findings suggest that while multidimensional integration is essential, it also poses implementation challenges. Bridging these gaps will require adaptive approaches that align ecological performance with governance, long-term monitoring, and social needs. Advancing NbS research through more comprehensive and standardized assessments is critical to ensure their credibility, equity, and long-term relevance in urban climate adaptation.
{"title":"Revisiting the role of the Nature-based Solutions Standards to promote climate adaptation in cities","authors":"Helena Alves Prado , Aliny Patricia Flauzino Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as key strategies for urban climate adaptation. To ensure effectiveness and avoid conceptual dilution, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) established a Global Standard comprising eight guiding criteria. However, the extent to which these criteria are incorporated into scientific research remains unclear. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of 79 peer-reviewed studies to evaluate how the IUCN criteria are applied in NbS literature focused on cities, and whether their inclusion relates to reported adaptation outcomes. Our results show that most studies emphasize biophysical aspects, such as temperature or runoff reduction, while largely overlooking social, institutional, and temporal dimensions. Criteria such as Governance, Trade-offs, and Adaptive management appear in less than 10% of the studies. We also find a negative association between the number of criteria considered and the mean effect size, with greater variability in outcomes as complexity increases. These findings suggest that while multidimensional integration is essential, it also poses implementation challenges. Bridging these gaps will require adaptive approaches that align ecological performance with governance, long-term monitoring, and social needs. Advancing NbS research through more comprehensive and standardized assessments is critical to ensure their credibility, equity, and long-term relevance in urban climate adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 309-317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.008
Kirsten Wohak , Bianca de Sousa Rangel , Ricardo Clapis Garla , André S. Afonso , Caio Ribeiro Pimentel , Antônio Batista Anderson , Guilherme Loyola da Cruz , Stephanie D.T. Delfino , Jean-Christophe Joyeux , Tommaso Giarrizzo , Luiz Alves Rocha , Hudson Tercio Pinheiro
Sharks play an essential role in maintaining the health of ecosystems, but many species are endangered and have locally disappeared around the world. Their management, where established Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and strict fishing regulations exist, has contributed to the recovery and maintenance of shark populations. However, the overlap between shark populations and increasing human activities can result in incidents and socio-environmental conflicts. The present study used data from baited remote underwater video systems, citizen science, drones, and scientific captures to identify drivers of shark distribution around the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA), a tourist destination offshore Brazil. Our findings place FNA among the world’s shark aggregation spots for both richness and abundance. They also show that both environmental (reef, trophic level, sea turtle grounds) and anthropogenic variables (fishing grounds, diving sites, beaches) are important predictors of shark distribution, signaling strong overlap and competition with humans for space and resources. This intensive space sharing is also corroborated by a species distribution model developed for tiger sharks. Furthermore, it is shown that the home range of adults and some species extend beyond its limits into areas where fishing is allowed with restrictions. Therefore, this study proposes an extension of the limits of the MPA and methods for human-shark interaction mitigation. The island’s economy strictly depends on ecotourism and these conservation measures are essential for a sustainable future to both sharks and humans.
{"title":"Shark hotspot: Drivers for distribution and conservation in a tropical oceanic archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean","authors":"Kirsten Wohak , Bianca de Sousa Rangel , Ricardo Clapis Garla , André S. Afonso , Caio Ribeiro Pimentel , Antônio Batista Anderson , Guilherme Loyola da Cruz , Stephanie D.T. Delfino , Jean-Christophe Joyeux , Tommaso Giarrizzo , Luiz Alves Rocha , Hudson Tercio Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sharks play an essential role in maintaining the health of ecosystems, but many species are endangered and have locally disappeared around the world. Their management, where established Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and strict fishing regulations exist, has contributed to the recovery and maintenance of shark populations. However, the overlap between shark populations and increasing human activities can result in incidents and socio-environmental conflicts. The present study used data from baited remote underwater video systems, citizen science, drones, and scientific captures to identify drivers of shark distribution around the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA), a tourist destination offshore Brazil. Our findings place FNA among the world’s shark aggregation spots for both richness and abundance. They also show that both environmental (reef, trophic level, sea turtle grounds) and anthropogenic variables (fishing grounds, diving sites, beaches) are important predictors of shark distribution, signaling strong overlap and competition with humans for space and resources. This intensive space sharing is also corroborated by a species distribution model developed for tiger sharks. Furthermore, it is shown that the home range of adults and some species extend beyond its limits into areas where fishing is allowed with restrictions. Therefore, this study proposes an extension of the limits of the MPA and methods for human-shark interaction mitigation. The island’s economy strictly depends on ecotourism and these conservation measures are essential for a sustainable future to both sharks and humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 255-262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Anthropocene, landscape transformations affect all ecosystems, including aquatic ones. Identifying the factors that influence zooplankton biodiversity is essential for understanding the drivers in aquatic systems. We examined the relationships between landscape variation and zooplankton community diversity using three landscape metrics: the anthropic transformation index, areas of native and anthropized land, and environmental heterogeneity across the Atlantic Forest, Tropical Savanna, and Tropical Dry Forests vegetation domains in Brazil. Community data, including diversity indices, were analyzed in conjunction with landscape metrics. The highest rate of anthropogenic transformation was observed near aquatic bodies in Tropical Dry Forest areas, indicating greater environmental degradation. Conversely, Atlantic Forest showed lowest rate of anthropogenic transformation, exhibiting peaks of the species richness, density and diversity. Zooplankton communities respond differently to anthropogenic influences, with beta diversity generally increasing in more transformed landscapes, which contrasts with the homogeneity observed in more preserved areas. Species composition was influenced by regional landscape variability, suggesting that local landscape patchiness plays a significant role. Our study demonstrated that landscape features play potential roles in shaping the biodiversity of aquatic microorganisms, providing novel insights into how landscapes metrics traditionally used in landscape ecology, can also be applied to model microinvertebrates distribution patterns.
{"title":"Effects of human activities on zooplankton biodiversity in aquatic systems across three vegetation domains: A landscape analysis approach","authors":"Escarlett de Arruda Ramos , Gisele Daiane Pinha , Marciel Elio Rodrigues , Nadson Ressyé Simões","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Anthropocene, landscape transformations affect all ecosystems, including aquatic ones. Identifying the factors that influence zooplankton biodiversity is essential for understanding the drivers in aquatic systems. We examined the relationships between landscape variation and zooplankton community diversity using three landscape metrics: the anthropic transformation index, areas of native and anthropized land, and environmental heterogeneity across the Atlantic Forest, Tropical Savanna, and Tropical Dry Forests vegetation domains in Brazil. Community data, including diversity indices, were analyzed in conjunction with landscape metrics. The highest rate of anthropogenic transformation was observed near aquatic bodies in Tropical Dry Forest areas, indicating greater environmental degradation. Conversely, Atlantic Forest showed lowest rate of anthropogenic transformation, exhibiting peaks of the species richness, density and diversity. Zooplankton communities respond differently to anthropogenic influences, with beta diversity generally increasing in more transformed landscapes, which contrasts with the homogeneity observed in more preserved areas. Species composition was influenced by regional landscape variability, suggesting that local landscape patchiness plays a significant role. Our study demonstrated that landscape features play potential roles in shaping the biodiversity of aquatic microorganisms, providing novel insights into how landscapes metrics traditionally used in landscape ecology, can also be applied to model microinvertebrates distribution patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 300-308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.003
Paulo Ricardo Siqueira , Andrea Larissa Boesing , Pedro Giovâni da Silva , Tiago Vinicius Fernandes , Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama , Frederico de Siqueira Neves
Species composition is influenced by the specific habitat requirements of each species. While habitat-dependent species are highly sensitive to deforestation, habitat-generalists are generally less affected. However, the effects of forest cover on determining species diversity and species-specific thresholds within remain poorly understood. In this study, we evaluate the impact of forest cover on the α- and β-diversity and species-specific threshold of habitat-dependent and habitat-generalist birds in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We sampled birds across 40 landscapes, ranging from 1.3% to 90% forest cover. Overall, our results demonstrate that a 10% reduction in forest cover is associated with the loss of two habitat-dependent species and the gain of one habitat-generalist species. We identified a critical species-specific threshold of 30% forest cover, where 18 out of 46 habitat-dependent bird species are lost. Our findings underscore the need to account for species requirements in response to habitat loss when planning conservation efforts. Thus, we suggest that a benchmark of 30% forest cover is more effective for conserving habitat-dependent birds than the 20% threshold currently proposed by Brazilian environmental law. We also suggest that incorporating species-specific extinction thresholds can serve as a powerful tool for shaping more targeted and effective environmental policies.
{"title":"Gaining habitat-generalists fails to offset the loss of habitat-dependent species in highly deforested landscapes","authors":"Paulo Ricardo Siqueira , Andrea Larissa Boesing , Pedro Giovâni da Silva , Tiago Vinicius Fernandes , Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama , Frederico de Siqueira Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Species composition is influenced by the specific habitat requirements of each species. While habitat-dependent species are highly sensitive to deforestation, habitat-generalists are generally less affected. However, the effects of forest cover on determining species diversity and species-specific thresholds within remain poorly understood. In this study, we evaluate the impact of forest cover on the α- and β-diversity and species-specific threshold of habitat-dependent and habitat-generalist birds in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We sampled birds across 40 landscapes, ranging from 1.3% to 90% forest cover. Overall, our results demonstrate that a 10% reduction in forest cover is associated with the loss of two habitat-dependent species and the gain of one habitat-generalist species. We identified a critical species-specific threshold of 30% forest cover, where 18 out of 46 habitat-dependent bird species are lost. Our findings underscore the need to account for species requirements in response to habitat loss when planning conservation efforts. Thus, we suggest that a benchmark of 30% forest cover is more effective for conserving habitat-dependent birds than the 20% threshold currently proposed by Brazilian environmental law. We also suggest that incorporating species-specific extinction thresholds can serve as a powerful tool for shaping more targeted and effective environmental policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 274-280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.005
Santiago A. Schauman , Esteban G. Jobbágy , Josep Peñuelas , William F. Laurance , Germán Baldi
Protected areas (PAs) in South America play a crucial role in safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the widespread presence of roads within PAs poses a major, yet largely overlooked, threat to their ecological integrity. In this study, we used the most recent version of OpenStreetMap to assess the extent and spatial distribution of road networks within South American PAs. We identified approximately 830,500 km of roads, a length equivalent to 20 times the Earth’s circumference, within 3,837 PAs (24% of the continent’s land area). By applying a 1-km buffer around all roads, we found that although about 83% of the protected land area remains technically roadless, it is dissected into nearly 25,500 discrete patches, more than half of which are smaller than 1 km², and only 6% exceed 100 km². Consequently, in six out of nine terrestrial biomes, the median distance from protected interiors to the nearest road is less than 3 km. Only remote regions, such as flooded grasslands and savannas, sub-Antarctic forests, and large portions of the Amazon basin, exhibit low road presence within PAs. Immediate conservation action is essential, with a focus on transparent road monitoring and management to preserve the ecological functions of these critical landscapes and ensure the long-term conservation of nature.
{"title":"Roads imperil South American protected areas","authors":"Santiago A. Schauman , Esteban G. Jobbágy , Josep Peñuelas , William F. Laurance , Germán Baldi","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protected areas (PAs) in South America play a crucial role in safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the widespread presence of roads within PAs poses a major, yet largely overlooked, threat to their ecological integrity. In this study, we used the most recent version of OpenStreetMap to assess the extent and spatial distribution of road networks within South American PAs. We identified approximately 830,500 km of roads, a length equivalent to 20 times the Earth’s circumference, within 3,837 PAs (24% of the continent’s land area). By applying a 1-km buffer around all roads, we found that although about 83% of the protected land area remains technically roadless, it is dissected into nearly 25,500 discrete patches, more than half of which are smaller than 1 km², and only 6% exceed 100 km². Consequently, in six out of nine terrestrial biomes, the median distance from protected interiors to the nearest road is less than 3 km. Only remote regions, such as flooded grasslands and savannas, sub-Antarctic forests, and large portions of the Amazon basin, exhibit low road presence within PAs. Immediate conservation action is essential, with a focus on transparent road monitoring and management to preserve the ecological functions of these critical landscapes and ensure the long-term conservation of nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"23 4","pages":"Pages 281-289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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