Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation最新文献_第2页

Landscape composition drives taxonomic and functional diversity of bats and small rodents in human-modified tropical landscapes 在人类改造的热带景观中，景观组成驱动蝙蝠和小型啮齿动物的分类和功能多样性

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.09.004

Nastienka Y. Pérez-Jiménez , Gabriela Borja-Martínez , Giovani Hernández-Canchola , Luis Daniel Avila-Cabadilla , Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez , Ella Vázquez-Domínguez

Land-use changes are rapidly transforming tropical forests into heterogeneous landscape mosaics with different anthropogenic land covers, leading to species loss and the disruption of their ecological functions. While the impact of landscape composition on taxonomic diversity is well documented, its influence on functional diversity remains poorly understood. This is particularly relevant for species like bats and rodents, which play essential ecological roles in both natural and human-modified ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, we used a multi-model inference approach to assess the influence of landscape composition metrics measured across seven spatial scales on bat and small rodent diversity in the Yucatán peninsula, a highly deforested biodiversity hotspot. Our findings indicate that urban cover is the main factor negatively impacting the taxonomic and functional diversity of both taxa. Urban expansion impacts on small rodents were related to their limited dispersal capacity and small home ranges and the high dependence of arboreal rodents on forested habitats. Forest cover was mainly related to bat functional diversity, positively affecting forest-specialist species. Therefore, landscape modification, especially urbanization, threaten bat and rodent diversity even in landscapes with higher forest cover, highlighting the importance of assessing both taxonomic and functional diversity to develop effective conservation strategies in human-modified landscapes. Management strategies are needed to mitigate these negative impacts, including maintaining forest remnants and increasing overall forest cover. The persistence of bat and rodent assemblages are essential for the health and resilience of forest ecosystems, as they provide crucial functions such as herbivory, predation, seed dispersal and pollination.

土地利用变化正在迅速将热带森林转变为具有不同人为土地覆盖的异质景观马赛克，导致物种丧失和生态功能的破坏。虽然景观组成对分类多样性的影响已被充分记录，但其对功能多样性的影响仍知之甚少。这对蝙蝠和啮齿动物等物种尤其重要，它们在自然和人类改造的生态系统中都发挥着重要的生态作用。为了解决这一知识差距，我们使用多模型推理方法评估了在森林高度砍伐的生物多样性热点Yucatán半岛上，七个空间尺度上测量的景观组成指标对蝙蝠和小型啮齿动物多样性的影响。研究结果表明，城市覆盖是影响两类群分类学和功能多样性的主要因素。城市扩张对小鼠类的影响主要与小鼠类的扩散能力有限、活动范围小以及对森林生境的高度依赖有关。森林覆盖主要与蝙蝠功能多样性相关，对森林专科物种有正向影响。因此，即使在森林覆盖率较高的景观中，景观改造（尤其是城市化）也会威胁到蝙蝠和啮齿动物的多样性，这凸显了在人类改造景观中评估分类和功能多样性以制定有效保护策略的重要性。需要采取管理战略来减轻这些负面影响，包括维持森林遗迹和增加总体森林覆盖。蝙蝠和啮齿动物群落的持续存在对森林生态系统的健康和复原力至关重要，因为它们提供了诸如食草、捕食、种子传播和授粉等关键功能。

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引用次数: 0

Irregular funding cycles in Brazilian science pose a barrier to biodiversity conservation and global leadership 巴西科学领域不规则的资助周期对生物多样性保护和全球领导地位构成了障碍

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.08.002

Quezia Ramalho , Joice Silva de Souza , Diogo B. Provete

Stable funding for scientific research is a cornerstone for biodiversity conservation and evidence-based policymaking. In Brazil, inconsistent funding cycles for fellowships contribute to a “brain drain” of Early Career Researchers (ECRs) who could drive significant advancements in biodiversity research, ultimately stalling innovation and weakening the ability to address the global environmental crisis. Here, we highlight the overlooked impacts of an unpredictable funding system on ECRs and discuss its broader implications for research and conservation. These include increasing inequities and mental health strains in academia, disruptions of long-term studies, and gaps in sustained data collection, ultimately undermining the evidence needed to tackle pressing issues, such as environmental and climate change. Given Brazil’s critical role in global biodiversity conservation, strengthening research funding mechanisms is essential to enhance the country’s knowledge production and leadership in innovation. We offer recommendations to streamline fellowship evaluation processes for ECRs, reducing gaps between positions that contribute to financial insecurity and hinder the retention of scientists from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. By shedding light on these structural issues, we aim to foster a more inclusive and equitable academic environment, ultimately reinforcing Brazil’s scientific capacity and leadership in addressing the environmental crisis. Moreover, the systemic issues discussed here are common across Latin America. As such, our recommendations may help strengthen regional scientific capacity to address shared challenges, including the conservation of critical ecosystems, such as the Amazon.

稳定的科研经费是生物多样性保护和循证决策的基石。在巴西，不一致的奖学金资助周期导致了早期职业研究人员（ecr）的“人才流失”，这些人可能推动生物多样性研究取得重大进展，最终阻碍创新并削弱应对全球环境危机的能力。在这里，我们强调了不可预测的资助系统对ecr的忽视影响，并讨论了其对研究和保护的更广泛影响。这些挑战包括学术界日益加剧的不公平现象和精神健康压力，长期研究的中断以及持续数据收集方面的差距，最终破坏了解决环境和气候变化等紧迫问题所需的证据。鉴于巴西在全球生物多样性保护中的关键作用，加强研究资助机制对于提高该国的知识生产和创新领导至关重要。我们提出建议，以简化ecr的奖学金评估流程，减少导致财务不安全的职位之间的差距，并阻碍来自不同社会经济背景的科学家的保留。通过揭示这些结构性问题，我们的目标是促进一个更加包容和公平的学术环境，最终加强巴西在解决环境危机方面的科学能力和领导地位。此外，这里讨论的系统性问题在整个拉丁美洲都很常见。因此，我们的建议可能有助于加强区域科学能力，以应对共同的挑战，包括保护亚马逊等关键生态系统。

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引用次数: 0

The long-term absence of natural fires restructures the small-bodied mammal assemblages across a Protected Area of Brazilian Cerrado 由于长期缺乏自然火灾，巴西塞拉多保护区的小型哺乳动物种群结构发生了变化

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.05.003

Marco Rodrigo de Souza , Manoel dos Santos Filho , Mariella Butti de Freitas Guilherme , Juliano A. Bogoni

Natural fires are an important ecological process that over millennia have shaped savannahs. Local mammalian assemblage structure is influenced by vegetation diversity and complexity, whereby changes in composition and structure of vegetation due to fire absence lead to the reorganization of small-bodied mammal assemblages. We aimed to evaluate how small-bodied mammal assemblages respond to prolonged (i.e., 17 years) fire absence, given that this issue is crucial to understanding the long-term reassembling of small-bodied mammal assemblages in the Cerrado. In our study at Serra das Araras Ecological Station (SAES), we compared small-mammal assemblages sampled in 2016–2017 — during a prolonged period without fire — with those from a study conducted in 1999–2000, when fires had been occurring naturally. We used descriptive statistics, rarefaction to assess species richness, and Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) with SIMPROF for site-specific analysis of mammal composition between both periods. Our major result showed clearly that the absence of natural fires during 2001–2016 in the SAES reassembled the small-bodied mammal fauna compared to the period with constant fires (1995–2000). Our findings indicate that most species are common to both forest and savannah environments, reflecting the homogenization of habitats due to the absence of natural fires. Based on our study, we can conclude that the absence of fire has partially reassembled the small-bodied mammal assemblages across an important protected area of Brazilian Cerrado. Considering that fire is a crucial factor for the dynamics of the Cerrado — which has evolved historically under fire-driven processes — further technical discussions about fire management are needed given its crucial role in maintaining (or erasing) aspects of local diversity, especially with high stocks of dry biomass. In terms of conservation, the evidence so far showed that big-fires are conclusively disastrous, but the absence of natural fires in native areas of Cerrado apparently also harmed the Cerrado-prone biotas.

自然火灾是一个重要的生态过程，几千年来塑造了大草原。局部哺乳动物群落结构受植被多样性和复杂性的影响，由于缺乏火灾导致的植被组成和结构的变化导致了小体哺乳动物群落的重组。考虑到这个问题对于理解塞拉多地区小体哺乳动物群落的长期重组至关重要，我们旨在评估小体哺乳动物群落对长时间（即17年）无火的反应。在我们在塞拉达斯阿拉拉斯生态站（SAES）的研究中，我们比较了2016-2017年（长时间没有火灾）采样的小型哺乳动物组合与1999-2000年进行的一项研究的样本，当时火灾已经自然发生。我们使用描述性统计和稀疏度来评估物种丰富度，并使用SIMPROF的非度量多维尺度（NMDS）对两个时期的哺乳动物组成进行特定地点的分析。我们的主要结果清楚地表明，2001年至2016年期间，与持续火灾期间（1995年至2000年）相比，SAES中没有自然火灾的小体哺乳动物动物群进行了重组。我们的研究结果表明，大多数物种在森林和草原环境中都是常见的，这反映了由于没有自然火灾而导致的栖息地同质化。根据我们的研究，我们可以得出结论，在巴西塞拉多一个重要的保护区，没有火灾已经部分地重组了小体哺乳动物的组合。考虑到火灾是塞拉多动态的一个关键因素- -塞拉多在历史上是在火灾驱动的过程中演变的- -鉴于火灾管理在维持（或消除）当地多样性方面的关键作用，特别是在拥有大量干燥生物质的情况下，需要进一步就火灾管理进行技术讨论。就保护而言，迄今为止的证据表明，大火无疑是灾难性的，但塞拉多原生地区缺乏自然火灾显然也损害了塞拉多易发生物。

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引用次数: 0

When waters rise: Biodiversity potentially affected on a major flooding in Southern Brazil 当水位上升：生物多样性可能会影响巴西南部的一场大洪水

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.06.004

Daniela Oliveira de Lima , Fabrício Luiz Skupien , Alonso Moscon , Marcelo de Moraes Weber

Southern South America is projected to experience increased heavy rainfall due to global climate change. These extremes events should be more common and affect negatively both human well-being and biodiversity. Here, we studied the effects of the massive flooding in May 2024 on biodiversity. We showed that 4,300 km² of native ecosystems were inundated, including 1,200 km² of forests and 1,020 km² of grasslands. Aquatic ecosystems, wetlands, and costal vegetation on sandy soils were also affected. Flooding affected 825 km² of an insufficiently Protected Area (PA) network, impacting 17% of areas designated for sustainable use and 26% of strictly PAs. Similarly, 1,440 km² of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) were flooded, with 67% already lacking native vegetation. The flooding potentially affected 747 tetrapod species, including 84 threatened species, with amphibians and reptiles exhibiting the highest percentage of distribution affected. Threatened species were disproportionately affected by the flooding, especially amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. Therefore, restoration efforts, especially in PAs and PPAs, are critical to safeguard ecosystems and human communities in a world of rapid changes. Tetrapod species with reduced mobility, small-ranged species and threatened species should also be prioritized.

由于全球气候变化，预计南美洲南部将经历更多的强降雨。这些极端事件应该更加普遍，并对人类福祉和生物多样性产生负面影响。本文研究了2024年5月特大洪水对生物多样性的影响。我们发现，4300平方公里的原生生态系统被淹没，其中包括1200平方公里的森林和1020平方公里的草原。沙质土壤上的水生生态系统、湿地和沿海植被也受到影响。洪水影响了825平方公里的保护区（PA）网络，影响了17%的指定可持续利用区域和26%的严格保护区。同样，1440平方公里的永久保护区（PPAs）被淹没，其中67%已经缺乏原生植被。洪水可能影响747种四足动物，包括84种濒危物种，其中两栖动物和爬行动物的分布受影响的比例最高。受威胁的物种受到洪水的影响不成比例，尤其是两栖动物、爬行动物和哺乳动物。因此，在快速变化的世界中，恢复工作，特别是保护区和保护区的恢复工作，对于保护生态系统和人类社区至关重要。流动性低的四足动物、小范围物种和受威胁物种也应优先考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Açaí palm management and the multidimensional erosion of beta diversity across tree assemblages in the Amazon estuarine forest Açaí亚马逊河口森林棕榈树管理和树木组合中beta多样性的多维侵蚀

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.06.002

Madson Antonio Benjamin Freitas , Arleu Barbosa Viana-Junior , Maria Fabíola Barros , José Leonardo Lima Magalhães , Elâine Maria dos Santos Ribeiro , Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira , Marcelo Tabarelli

Non-timber forest products persist as an opportunity to conciliate tropical forest integrity and better life for traditional communities, but sustainability must be continuously evaluated. This paper examines diversity-related impacts from increments on the açaí palm density for fruit production (i.e., açaí intensification) on the tree assemblages of the Amazon estuarine forest. By examining 43 forest stands covering 20–1260 açaí clump.ha⁻¹, we documented a decline on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional beta diversity, which resulted from species loss along the intensification gradient. Such an impoverished community assembly resulted from the fact that forest stands with <400 açaí clump.ha⁻¹ exhibited higher scores of species accumulation or beta diversity, while no species responded positively to increments on açaí clump density and 17 species did negatively. The community-level threshold for species loss was 180 clump.ha⁻¹, and after the 400-clumps threshold (as posed by current regulation) almost half of the tree species was already lost. Our results suggest that the açaí intensification represents a driver of tree species assembly and a tangible threat for integrity of the Amazon estuarine forest by promoting a multidimensional community impoverishment at regional scale. Threat magnitude depends on which extension managed, high-density açaí stands replace forest patches supporting açaí natural densities. The açaí case demonstrated how fragile or ephemeral the sustainable production of non-timber forest products can be, since markets pose a demand beyond the threshold represented by the yields supported by natural populations, while it offers additional revenue from traditional communities coming from such a “industrial production and harvesting”.

非木材林产品仍然是调和热带森林完整性和改善传统社区生活的机会，但必须不断评价可持续性。本文研究了亚马逊河口森林果实生产中açaí棕榈密度的增量（即açaí集约化）对树木组合的多样性相关影响。通过检查43个森林林分，覆盖20-1260个açaí丛。在Ha−1中，我们记录了分类、系统发育和功能β多样性的下降，这是由于物种沿着强化梯度减少造成的。这样一个贫困的社区集会是由于森林中有<；400 açaí树丛。Ha−1表现出较高的物种积累和β多样性得分，而没有物种对açaí丛密度的增加做出积极反应，有17种物种对açaí丛密度的增加做出消极反应。群落水平的物种损失阈值为180簇。Ha−1，在400块阈值之后（根据现行法规），几乎一半的树种已经消失。研究结果表明，açaí强度增强是树种聚集的驱动因素，并通过在区域尺度上促进多维社区贫困化，对亚马逊河口森林的完整性构成切实威胁。威胁程度取决于扩展管理的高密度açaí林分取代支持açaí自然密度的森林斑块。açaí案例表明，非木材林产品的可持续生产是多么脆弱或短暂，因为市场的需求超过了自然人口支持的产量所代表的门槛，而传统社区则从这种“工业生产和采伐”中获得额外收入。

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引用次数: 0

Climatic driver of chytrid prevalence in the Critically Endangered Admirable Redbelly Toad 极度濒危的红腹蟾蜍中壶菌流行的气候驱动因素

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.07.001

Mariana Retuci Pontes , Michelle Abadie , Luisa P. Ribeiro , Guilherme Augusto-Alves , Márcio Borges-Martins , C. Guilherme Becker , Luís Felipe Toledo

Global warming is driving shifts in rainfall and temperature patterns, and projections indicate an increase in frequency and intensity of climate anomalies. These changes influence wildlife disease dynamics, affecting pathogen development, host behavior, physiology, and disease susceptibility. Understanding the intricate interplay between climatic anomalies and emerging pathogens in amphibians is essential to inform conservation efforts targeted towards this highly threatened vertebrate group. We therefore investigated the dynamics of the waterborne chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in the microendemic and Critically Endangered amphibian Melanophryniscus admirabilis under climatic anomalies and seasonal climatic fluctuations. Additionally, considering the sublethal effects of Bd in our focal host species, we tested whether Bd infection explains the variation in host body condition. We found that Bd was consistently infecting Admirable Redbelly Toad population for more than three years. Our results point to links between Bd prevalence and seasonal temperatures, indicating that temperature plays a crucial role in Bd transmission among toads. However, we failed to find an effect of Bd infection on host body condition. The insights gained from this study can improve conservation efforts and help elucidate the links between climatic factors and chytrid infection, informing management plans for threatened amphibian populations.

全球变暖正在推动降雨和温度模式的变化，预测表明气候异常的频率和强度都在增加。这些变化影响野生动物疾病动态，影响病原体发育、宿主行为、生理和疾病易感性。了解气候异常与两栖动物新出现的病原体之间复杂的相互作用，对于告知针对这一高度濒危脊椎动物群体的保护工作至关重要。因此，我们研究了在气候异常和季节气候波动的条件下，水生壶菌水蛭壶菌（Batrachochytrium dendroatidis, Bd）在微特有和极度濒危两栖动物黑腹鱼（Melanophryniscus admirabilis）体内的动态变化。此外，考虑到Bd在我们的局灶宿主物种中的亚致死效应，我们测试了Bd感染是否解释了宿主身体状况的变化。我们发现，Bd持续感染令人钦佩的红腹蟾蜍种群超过三年。我们的研究结果表明，虫病流行与季节温度之间存在联系，表明温度在虫病在蟾蜍之间传播中起着至关重要的作用。然而，我们没有发现Bd感染对宿主身体状况的影响。从这项研究中获得的见解可以改善保护工作，帮助阐明气候因素与壶菌感染之间的联系，为濒危两栖动物种群的管理计划提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Positive effects of an Atlantic Forest program of payment for ecosystem services on native vegetation and pasture quality 大西洋森林生态系统服务付费计划对原生植被和牧草质量的积极影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.06.005

Ramon Felipe Bicudo da Silva , Felipe Altivo , James D.A. Millington , Yue Dou , Andrés Viña , Milton Cezar Ribeiro , Simone Aparecida Vieira , Jianguo Liu

In recent decades, Brazil has implemented several payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs, including the Projeto Conexão Mata Atlântica (PCMA), a partnership between the Brazilian federal government, the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro and the Global Environmental Facility. The PCMA was co-designed by state organizations with many stakeholders, including landowners. The innovative polycentric approach of the program prompted exploration of different schemes, including one to conserve and restore natural vegetation cover (‘protection scheme’) and another to enhance the multi-functionality of individual properties with focus on pasture quality (‘multiple-use scheme’). Using a propensity score matching approach, we assessed the PCMA’s effects on natural vegetation cover and pasture quality of private rural properties that did and did not participate in this PES program between 2017 and 2022. Properties participating in the ‘protection scheme’ exhibited an average ‘additional’ increase in natural vegetation cover of 1 ha compared to non-participants. Properties participating in the ‘multiple-use scheme’ exhibited 7–10% less pasture quality degradation. These results suggest that the PCMA not have only contributed to maintaining and even increasing ecosystem services (through increases in natural vegetation), but also potentially creating economic benefits by enhancing pasture quality which indirectly improves soil conservation and water quality.

近几十年来，巴西实施了几个生态系统服务付费（PES）项目，包括巴西联邦政府、圣保罗州、米纳斯吉拉斯州和巴西里约热内卢州与全球环境基金之间的合作项目conexto o Mata atlntica （PCMA）。PCMA是由国家组织与包括土地所有者在内的许多利益相关者共同设计的。该项目创新的多中心方法促使人们探索不同的方案，包括保护和恢复自然植被覆盖（“保护方案”），以及提高单个物业的多功能性，重点关注牧场质量（“多用途方案”）。使用倾向得分匹配方法，我们评估了2017年至2022年间参与和未参与该PES计划的私人农村财产的PCMA对自然植被覆盖和牧场质量的影响。与未参与“保护计划”的物业相比，参与“保护计划”的物业的自然植被覆盖平均“额外”增加了1公顷。参与“多用途方案”的牧场表现出7-10%的牧场质量下降。这些结果表明，PCMA不仅有助于维持甚至增加生态系统服务（通过增加自然植被），而且还可能通过提高牧草质量间接改善土壤保持和水质而创造经济效益。

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引用次数: 0

Ecosystem functional meltdown through biological annihilation in the world’s ecoregions 世界各生态区生物灭绝导致生态系统功能崩溃

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.05.002

José F. González-Maya , I. Mauricio Vela-Vargas , Gerardo Ceballos

Ecosystem resilience and functioning depends largely on species’ diversity and ecological roles. Functional diversity (FD) is a measure of the diversity of roles within ecosystems. The massive population and species extinction crisis, namely biological annihilation, is occurring around the World. Here we assessed the influence of mammals at risk, according to IUCN, on FD (trait richness) across ecoregions globally. Overall global models showed significant influence of mammals at risk over FD, and this influence was greater at regional scale. At least 65% of total FD was explained by threatened species in selected ecoregions in Asia, Europe, America and to a lesser extent in others. Since the ecoregion FD is disproportionally influenced by species at risk of disappearing in the short term, ecosystems supporting those species are more vulnerable to ecological meltdown through loss of its functional and resilience capacity; implications for humanity are unprecedented and ecological meltdown will undoubtedly impact to the globe.

生态系统的恢复力和功能在很大程度上取决于物种的多样性和生态作用。功能多样性（FD）是衡量生态系统中角色多样性的指标。大规模的人口和物种灭绝危机，即生物灭绝，正在世界各地发生。根据世界自然保护联盟的说法，我们在这里评估了全球生态区域中处于危险中的哺乳动物对FD（性状丰富度）的影响。总体而言，全球模型显示有风险的哺乳动物对FD的影响显著，而这种影响在区域尺度上更大。在亚洲、欧洲和美洲选定的生态区域中，受威胁物种至少占总FD的65%，而在其他地区则较少。由于生态区域FD受到短期内有消失风险的物种的不成比例的影响，支持这些物种的生态系统更容易因其功能和恢复能力的丧失而遭受生态崩溃；对人类的影响是前所未有的，生态崩溃无疑将影响到全球。

引用次数: 0

Legally protected, practically overlooked: The neglect of diffuse seeps in the conservation of Cerrado non-floodplain wetlands 法律保护，实际上被忽视：塞拉多非洪泛平原湿地保护中对弥漫性渗漏的忽视

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.06.001

Alessandra Bassani , Natashi A.L. Pilon , Franciele Parreira Peixoto , Caio R.C. Mattos , Fernando A.O. Silveira , Luciano Soares da Cunha , Rafael S. Oliveira

Brazil stands out globally for legally protecting seeps (olhos d’água, in Portuguese) — defined as natural outcrops of the water table, even if intermittent — as Permanent Preservation Areas. However, this protection does not extend to non-floodplain wetlands, such as campos úmidos and campos de murundus, which are formed by diffuse seeps and play critical roles in regulating the hydrological cycle and storing carbon. These ecosystems are frequently excluded from conservation efforts due to the lack of clear terminology connecting scientific understanding with legal definitions. In the Cerrado, where diffuse seeps are essential for water security, this disconnect hinders effective protection. Drawing on Brazil’s existing legal framework, we argue that recognizing non-floodplain wetlands as seep-formed ecosystems would strengthen conservation and enforcement. We urge scientists, landowners, environmental consultants and government agencies to adopt the term “seeps” when describing these wetlands, ensuring they are recognized as Permanent Preservation Areas under current legislation.

巴西在法律上保护渗漏（葡萄牙语为olhos d ' água）——被定义为地下水位的自然露头，即使是间歇性的——作为永久保护区在全球脱颖而出。然而，这种保护并不适用于非洪泛平原湿地，如campos úmidos和campos de murundus，它们是由弥漫性渗漏形成的，在调节水循环和储存碳方面发挥着关键作用。由于缺乏将科学理解与法律定义联系起来的明确术语，这些生态系统经常被排除在保护工作之外。在塞拉多，扩散渗漏对水安全至关重要，这种脱节阻碍了有效的保护。根据巴西现有的法律框架，我们认为将非洪泛平原湿地视为渗漏形成的生态系统将加强保护和执法。我们敦促科学家、土地所有者、环境顾问和政府机构在描述这些湿地时采用“渗水”一词，确保它们在现行立法下被认定为永久保护区。

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引用次数: 0

Wildfires and their toll on Brazil: Who's counting the cost? 野火及其对巴西造成的损失：谁在计算成本？

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.06.003

Ernandes Sobreira , Wilkinson Lopes Lázaro , Breno Dias Vitorino , Angélica Vilas Boas da Frota , Carlos Eduardo Frickmann Young , Derick Victor de Souza Campos , Cleverson Ricardo Soares Viana , Edvagner de Oliveira , Luis López-Ramirez , Acisa Raimunda de Souza , Dionei José da Silva , Eliane Ignotti , Sandra Hacon , Áurea Regina Alves Ignácio , Claumir César Muniz , Manoel dos Santos Filho , Juliano A. Bogoni

Rampant wildfires in Brazil are imposing severe biodiversity declines, incrementing public health problems, and negatively affecting the nationwide economy. Influenced by political interests, wildfires have far-reaching impacts on small-scale farming, essential services, and ecosystems. Hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular issues increased due to smoke exposure, overburdening the health system. Moreover, wildfires contribute to long-term biodiversity loss, degrading natural habitats and disrupting ecological functions and ecosystem services. We probe a critical question: What are the costs of Brazil's wildfires? We foster a discussion of a comprehensive approach to assessing the financial toll across sectors of the national economy, guiding data-driven strategies for mitigation and environmental restoration.

巴西肆虐的野火造成了严重的生物多样性下降，增加了公共卫生问题，并对全国经济产生了负面影响。野火受政治利益的影响，对小规模农业、基本服务和生态系统产生深远影响。因呼吸系统和心血管疾病住院的人数因烟雾暴露而增加，使卫生系统负担过重。此外，野火造成长期生物多样性丧失，使自然栖息地退化，破坏生态功能和生态系统服务。我们探讨了一个关键问题：巴西野火的代价是什么？我们鼓励讨论一种综合方法，以评估国民经济各部门的财务损失，指导数据驱动的缓解和环境恢复战略。

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