Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation最新文献_第6页

Is banning Persistent Organic Pollutants efficient? A quantitative and qualitative systematic review in bats 禁用持久性有机污染物是否有效？对蝙蝠的定量和定性系统审查

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.001

Priscila Stéfani Monteiro-Alves , Elizabete Captivo Lourenço , Rodrigo Ornellas Meire , Helena Godoy Bergallo

Among the several noxious characteristics of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is a low environmental degradation rate, as they remain in the environment for decades. One of the measures adopted to mitigate environmental contamination is the imposition of bans and restrictions to several chemical compounds. But are bans being efficient to reduce the amount of such chemicals in the environment? In this systematic review, we analyzed the efficacy of banning POPs using bats as biomonitors in terrestrial habitats. Although bats provide relevant ecosystem services, these animals are highly exposed to chemical organic pollutants such as POPs due to their feeding and behavioral habits. POP concentrations were observed in biological tissues of bats in the genus Myotis (United States), with levels decreasing over the years since the ban. We also noticed a shortage of studies in neotropical regions, where the information gap on several POPs in tropical systems is still a concern in terms of history and intensive use of these toxic chemicals. Few studies were found on emerging POPs or on POPs recently included in the Stockholm Convention. Besides, the specimens in the analyses in the studies reviewed were not separated by sex or age, which may conceal the potential risk of POPs to the conservation of bat populations. We recommend that future research extends beyond chronic POP contamination in bats to also include risk assessment trials, as wild populations may be affected in the long-term, as well as their role in the ecosystem and the economy, requiring long-term studies.

持久性有机污染物（POPs）的几个有害特征之一是环境降解率低，因为它们会在环境中存留几十年。为减轻环境污染而采取的措施之一是对一些化合物实施禁令和限制。但禁令是否能有效减少环境中此类化学品的数量？在这篇系统综述中，我们利用陆地栖息地中的蝙蝠作为生物监测器，分析了禁用持久性有机污染物的效果。虽然蝙蝠提供了相关的生态系统服务，但由于其进食和行为习惯，这些动物也高度暴露于持久性有机污染物等化学有机污染物中。我们在美国蝠属动物的生物组织中观察到持久性有机污染物的浓度，自禁令实施以来，其浓度水平逐年下降。我们还注意到缺乏对新热带地区的研究，因为从这些有毒化学品的历史和密集使用情况来看，热带系统中几种持久性有机污染物的信息缺口仍然令人担忧。关于新出现的持久性有机污染物或最近被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》的持久性有机污染物的研究很少。此外，在审查的研究中，分析的标本没有按性别或年龄区分，这可能会掩盖持久性有机污染物对蝙蝠种群保护的潜在风险。我们建议，今后的研究不仅要研究蝙蝠体内的持久性有机污染物慢性污染，还要进行风险评估试验，因为野生种群可能会受到长期影响，而且它们在生态系统和经济中的作用也需要长期研究。

{"title":"Is banning Persistent Organic Pollutants efficient? A quantitative and qualitative systematic review in bats","authors":"Priscila Stéfani Monteiro-Alves , Elizabete Captivo Lourenço , Rodrigo Ornellas Meire , Helena Godoy Bergallo","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the several noxious characteristics of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is a low environmental degradation rate, as they remain in the environment for decades. One of the measures adopted to mitigate environmental contamination is the imposition of bans and restrictions to several chemical compounds. But are bans being efficient to reduce the amount of such chemicals in the environment? In this systematic review, we analyzed the efficacy of banning POPs using bats as biomonitors in terrestrial habitats. Although bats provide relevant ecosystem services, these animals are highly exposed to chemical organic pollutants such as POPs due to their feeding and behavioral habits. POP concentrations were observed in biological tissues of bats in the genus <em>Myotis</em> (United States), with levels decreasing over the years since the ban. We also noticed a shortage of studies in neotropical regions, where the information gap on several POPs in tropical systems is still a concern in terms of history and intensive use of these toxic chemicals. Few studies were found on emerging POPs or on POPs recently included in the Stockholm Convention. Besides, the specimens in the analyses in the studies reviewed were not separated by sex or age, which may conceal the potential risk of POPs to the conservation of bat populations. We recommend that future research extends beyond chronic POP contamination in bats to also include risk assessment trials, as wild populations may be affected in the long-term, as well as their role in the ecosystem and the economy, requiring long-term studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 250-259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S253006442400035X/pdfft?md5=8c47d5d679042d99b38791dde851857e&pid=1-s2.0-S253006442400035X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of endemism in Amazonian floodplain birds 亚马逊洪泛平原鸟类的特有性模式

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.08.001

Thiago Orsi Laranjeiras , Camila Cherem Ribas , Mario Cohn-Haft

The subdivision of Amazonia in large interfluvial areas of endemism (delimited by major rivers), based mostly on bird species distributions, has been a recurrent starting point to the understanding and conservation of the biome’s megadiversity. Yet, no areas of endemism or regionalization have been described for the well over 100 bird species that occupy floodplain habitats along the rivers, and thus are not expected to have ranges delimited by the rivers themselves. Here, through spatial analyses of updated range maps (based on a dataset with more than 80 thousand occurrence records), for a revised list of 182 floodplain specialized bird taxa, we identified ten areas of endemism and a complementary habitat-specific regionalization of the biome (with 13 regions). For the floodplain birds, Amazonian major rivers are segmented into distinct areas of endemism rather than these areas being delimited by the rivers. The well-established large interfluvial areas of endemism are appropriate for terra firme species but fail to account for taxa associated with floodplain habitats. Natural history traits and taxonomy of endemic species suggest that both ecological and historical processes have contributed to the patterns found. This new regionalization is consistent with the view of Amazonia as a mosaic of ecoregions and offers a complementary scheme for studies on the evolution and conservation of the floodplain component of its biodiversity.

主要根据鸟类物种的分布情况，将亚马孙地区划分为大面积的河流间特有地区（以主要河流为界），是了解和保护该生物群落巨型多样性的一个经常性出发点。然而，对于占据河流沿岸洪泛平原栖息地的 100 多种鸟类而言，它们的特有性区域或区域化区域尚未得到描述，因此预计其分布范围不会以河流本身为界。在这里，我们通过对更新的分布图（基于一个拥有 8 万多条出现记录的数据集）进行空间分析，针对修订后的 182 种洪泛平原特化鸟类分类群清单，确定了 10 个特有性区域和一个生物群落特定栖息地区域化的补充性区域（13 个区域）。对于洪泛平原鸟类而言，亚马逊河的主要河流被划分为不同的特有区域，而不是由河流划定这些区域。已确立的大型河流间特有性区域适合于陆地物种，但无法解释与洪泛平原栖息地相关的类群。特有物种的自然史特征和分类学表明，生态和历史进程都促成了所发现的模式。这种新的区域划分与将亚马孙视为生态区马赛克的观点相一致，并为研究其生物多样性中洪泛平原部分的演变和保护提供了一种补充方案。

{"title":"Patterns of endemism in Amazonian floodplain birds","authors":"Thiago Orsi Laranjeiras , Camila Cherem Ribas , Mario Cohn-Haft","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The subdivision of Amazonia in large interfluvial areas of endemism (delimited by major rivers), based mostly on bird species distributions, has been a recurrent starting point to the understanding and conservation of the biome’s megadiversity. Yet, no areas of endemism or regionalization have been described for the well over 100 bird species that occupy floodplain habitats along the rivers, and thus are not expected to have ranges delimited by the rivers themselves. Here, through spatial analyses of updated range maps (based on a dataset with more than 80 thousand occurrence records), for a revised list of 182 floodplain specialized bird taxa, we identified ten areas of endemism and a complementary habitat-specific regionalization of the biome (with 13 regions). For the floodplain birds, Amazonian major rivers are segmented into distinct areas of endemism rather than these areas being delimited by the rivers. The well-established large interfluvial areas of endemism are appropriate for <em>terra firme</em> species but fail to account for taxa associated with floodplain habitats. Natural history traits and taxonomy of endemic species suggest that both ecological and historical processes have contributed to the patterns found. This new regionalization is consistent with the view of Amazonia as a mosaic of ecoregions and offers a complementary scheme for studies on the evolution and conservation of the floodplain component of its biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 306-314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064424000397/pdfft?md5=0b2ed9f8d35bfa1b5ec7f240b6511524&pid=1-s2.0-S2530064424000397-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate influence on future suitability of high-altitude wetlands in two natural protected areas from the Central Andes of Argentina 气候对阿根廷中安第斯山脉两个自然保护区高海拔湿地未来适宜性的影响

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.04.006

Bárbara Vento , Juan Rivera , Marcela Ontivero

Climate conditions have a strong influence on the distribution of many natural communities; thus, the influence of global climate change may alter ecosystems. High-altitude wetlands in the Central Andes of Argentina (CAA) provide relevant ecosystem benefits and promote human activities. However, a degradation of Andean wetlands has been observed and documented in the last decades. Projecting the impacts of climate change on future distribution of wetlands is an essential subject in ecological studies. In this work, the present and future suitability for wetland systems in a pristine section of the CAA using spatial distribution modeling under low and high-emission scenarios are explored. The studied wetlands are strongly driven by bioclimatic variables such as mean annual temperature, precipitation, and its seasonality. Projections show that most of the currently occupied areas will modify under future climate conditions. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns will decrease the potential suitability in low elevation areas for the next decades for the species inhabiting there, especially south of 29 °S. Additionally, future warmer climatic conditions, greater temperature variability, and reduction in precipitation would probably affect the snow cover and the available water supply which are key limiting factors for the distribution of Andean wetlands. This research is a contribution to understanding possible effects of climate change on high-altitude ecosystems. Mitigation measures for conservation of wetlands in CAA are immediately required to compensate for the impact of climate change under future environmental conditions.

气候条件对许多自然群落的分布有很大影响；因此，全球气候变化的影响可能会改变生态系统。阿根廷中部安第斯山脉（CAA）的高海拔湿地提供了相关的生态系统效益，并促进了人类活动。然而，在过去几十年中，人们观察到并记录了安第斯湿地的退化。预测气候变化对湿地未来分布的影响是生态研究的一个重要课题。在这项工作中，我们利用空间分布模型，探讨了低排放和高排放情景下，安第斯山脉原始地段湿地系统目前和未来的适宜性。所研究的湿地在很大程度上受生物气候变量（如年平均气温、降水量及其季节性）的影响。预测显示，在未来气候条件下，目前占据的大部分区域都将发生变化。气温和降水模式的变化将在未来几十年内降低低海拔地区（尤其是南纬 29°以南地区）物种的潜在适宜性。此外，未来更温暖的气候条件、更大的温度变化和降水量的减少可能会影响积雪覆盖率和可用水源，而这正是限制安第斯湿地分布的关键因素。这项研究有助于了解气候变化对高海拔生态系统可能产生的影响。在未来的环境条件下，需要立即采取保护 CAA 湿地的缓解措施，以补偿气候变化的影响。

{"title":"Climate influence on future suitability of high-altitude wetlands in two natural protected areas from the Central Andes of Argentina","authors":"Bárbara Vento , Juan Rivera , Marcela Ontivero","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate conditions have a strong influence on the distribution of many natural communities; thus, the influence of global climate change may alter ecosystems. High-altitude wetlands in the Central Andes of Argentina (CAA) provide relevant ecosystem benefits and promote human activities. However, a degradation of Andean wetlands has been observed and documented in the last decades. Projecting the impacts of climate change on future distribution of wetlands is an essential subject in ecological studies. In this work, the present and future suitability for wetland systems in a pristine section of the CAA using spatial distribution modeling under low and high-emission scenarios are explored. The studied wetlands are strongly driven by bioclimatic variables such as mean annual temperature, precipitation, and its seasonality. Projections show that most of the currently occupied areas will modify under future climate conditions. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns will decrease the potential suitability in low elevation areas for the next decades for the species inhabiting there, especially south of 29 °S. Additionally, future warmer climatic conditions, greater temperature variability, and reduction in precipitation would probably affect the snow cover and the available water supply which are key limiting factors for the distribution of Andean wetlands. This research is a contribution to understanding possible effects of climate change on high-altitude ecosystems. Mitigation measures for conservation of wetlands in CAA are immediately required to compensate for the impact of climate change under future environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 240-249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064424000269/pdfft?md5=bb7ec1be50286de0876689fdf8346026&pid=1-s2.0-S2530064424000269-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Past references are insufficient for Latin American biodiversity conservation in the Anthropocene 人类世的拉丁美洲生物多样性保护仅靠过去的参考资料是不够的

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.08.004

H. Ricardo Grau , Yohana G. Jimenez

Often, Latin America conservation policy implicitly assumes past references to define worth-conserving ecosystems. However, the Pleistocene/pre-human reference is based on biophysical conditions impossible to be restored; the early Holocene reference overlooks that early humans likely caused massive extinctions; pre-European references fail to acknowledge that indigenous societies were often unsustainable and that many valuable ecosystems are in part a colonial legacy; pre-industrial references underplay the role of biological invasions, modern technology and socioeconomic development to preserve, increase or generate biodiversity. The Anthropocene rapid dynamics requires forward-looking policies that incorporate change as a source of biodiversity and resilience, actively accept that urbanization and modern agriculture can play a key role in conservation, challenge the prevalence of nativism and eco-alarmism, and emphasize that research should focus on shaping future socio-ecological scenarios, that would necessarily differ from the past.

拉丁美洲的保护政策往往暗含假设，即以过去的参照物来定义值得保护的生态系统。然而，更新世/人类之前的参照系是基于不可能恢复的生物物理条件；全新世早期的参照系忽视了早期人类很可能造成大规模物种灭绝；欧洲之前的参照系没有承认土著社会往往是不可持续的，许多宝贵的生态系统在一定程度上是殖民时期遗留下来的；工业化之前的参照系低估了生物入侵、现代技术和社会经济发展在保护、增加或产生生物多样性方面的作用。人类世的快速发展要求制定前瞻性政策，将变化作为生物多样性和复原力的来源，积极接受城市化和现代农业可以在保护中发挥关键作用的观点，挑战普遍存在的本土主义和生态警报主义，并强调研究应侧重于塑造未来的社会生态情景，这必然不同于过去。

{"title":"Past references are insufficient for Latin American biodiversity conservation in the Anthropocene","authors":"H. Ricardo Grau , Yohana G. Jimenez","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Often, Latin America conservation policy implicitly assumes past references to define worth-conserving ecosystems. However, the Pleistocene/pre-human reference is based on biophysical conditions impossible to be restored; the early Holocene reference overlooks that early humans likely caused massive extinctions; pre-European references fail to acknowledge that indigenous societies were often unsustainable and that many valuable ecosystems are in part a colonial legacy; pre-industrial references underplay the role of biological invasions, modern technology and socioeconomic development to preserve, increase or generate biodiversity. The Anthropocene rapid dynamics requires forward-looking policies that incorporate change as a source of biodiversity and resilience, actively accept that urbanization and modern agriculture can play a key role in conservation, challenge the prevalence of nativism and eco-alarmism, and emphasize that research should focus on shaping future socio-ecological scenarios, that would necessarily differ from the past.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 205-208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064424000427/pdfft?md5=1db02efdf2477d582fd6d6f588cabcd7&pid=1-s2.0-S2530064424000427-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial bias in sampling small rodents in the Atlantic Forest: A landscape and accessibility perspective 大西洋森林小型啮齿动物采样的空间偏差：景观和可达性视角

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.004

Thadeu Sobral-Souza , Nicolas Silva Bosco , Lana Pavão Candelária , Rosane Garcia Collevatti , Viviane Maria Guedes Layme , Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues

Understanding the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on species spatial distribution is challenging, mainly because knowledge of species occurrences is biased. Survey efforts are unevenly distributed causing spatial sampling biases that are normally neglected. Assessing sampling bias is particularly urgent for threatened ecoregions, such as the Atlantic Forest, a global biodiversity hotspot. Here, we assess spatial sampling biases of small rodents in the Atlantic Forest, using an integrative approach with accessibility and landscape metrics. We built a robust dataset of 11,495 primary records of the Atlantic Forest’s small rodent species, based on information from digitally accessible repositories. We expect that well-sampled sites are spatially aggregated and nearer roads, urban centers, on landscapes with larger forest fragments, and with higher percentage of forest cover. We also expect gaps of small rodents sampling in rare landscape conditions. Our results indicated that only less than 1% of the Atlantic Forest (at 1 km² cell-size resolution) are well sampled. Following our expectations, the well-sampled sites were spatially aggregated biased toward roads, urban centers, larger forest fragments, and landscapes with higher percentage of forest cover. We also found a survey gap on common landscape conditions. Our findings suggest that the spatial distribution of small rodents at landscape level (1 km²) remains unknown across most of the Atlantic Forest spatial extension. Our findings also point to new priority sites for small mammals sampling on common landscape conditions, in smaller fragments and on remote areas improving spatial distribution knowledge and contributing to conservation policies at landscape level.

了解栖息地丧失和破碎化对物种空间分布的影响具有挑战性，这主要是因为对物种出现情况的了解存在偏差。调查工作分布不均，造成了通常被忽视的空间取样偏差。对于大西洋森林等受到威胁的生态区来说，评估取样偏差尤为迫切，因为大西洋森林是全球生物多样性的热点地区。在本文中，我们使用一种综合方法，结合可达性和景观指标，对大西洋森林小型啮齿动物的空间取样偏差进行了评估。我们建立了一个包含 11,495 条大西洋森林小型啮齿动物原始记录的强大数据集，该数据集基于可访问的数字资料库中的信息。我们预计，取样良好的地点在空间上比较集中，靠近公路、城市中心、森林面积较大、森林覆盖率较高。我们还预计，在罕见的地貌条件下，小型啮齿类动物的采样会出现缺口。我们的结果表明，大西洋森林中只有不到 1%的区域（单元大小分辨率为 1 平方公里）采样良好。按照我们的预期，取样良好的地点在空间上偏向于道路、城市中心、较大的森林片段以及森林覆盖率较高的地貌。我们还发现在常见景观条件方面存在调查空白。我们的研究结果表明，在大西洋森林空间延伸的大部分地区，景观水平（1 平方公里）上小型啮齿动物的空间分布仍然未知。我们的研究结果还为小型哺乳动物在常见景观条件、较小片区和偏远地区的取样工作指出了新的优先地点，从而提高了空间分布知识，有助于在景观层面制定保护政策。

{"title":"Spatial bias in sampling small rodents in the Atlantic Forest: A landscape and accessibility perspective","authors":"Thadeu Sobral-Souza , Nicolas Silva Bosco , Lana Pavão Candelária , Rosane Garcia Collevatti , Viviane Maria Guedes Layme , Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on species spatial distribution is challenging, mainly because knowledge of species occurrences is biased. Survey efforts are unevenly distributed causing spatial sampling biases that are normally neglected. Assessing sampling bias is particularly urgent for threatened ecoregions, such as the Atlantic Forest, a global biodiversity hotspot. Here, we assess spatial sampling biases of small rodents in the Atlantic Forest, using an integrative approach with accessibility and landscape metrics. We built a robust dataset of 11,495 primary records of the Atlantic Forest’s small rodent species, based on information from digitally accessible repositories. We expect that well-sampled sites are spatially aggregated and nearer roads, urban centers, on landscapes with larger forest fragments, and with higher percentage of forest cover. We also expect gaps of small rodents sampling in rare landscape conditions. Our results indicated that only less than 1% of the Atlantic Forest (at 1 km<sup>2</sup> cell-size resolution) are well sampled. Following our expectations, the well-sampled sites were spatially aggregated biased toward roads, urban centers, larger forest fragments, and landscapes with higher percentage of forest cover. We also found a survey gap on common landscape conditions. Our findings suggest that the spatial distribution of small rodents at landscape level (1 km<sup>2</sup>) remains unknown across most of the Atlantic Forest spatial extension. Our findings also point to new priority sites for small mammals sampling on common landscape conditions, in smaller fragments and on remote areas improving spatial distribution knowledge and contributing to conservation policies at landscape level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 297-305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064424000385/pdfft?md5=b2c7dd3ec83912b05ca9959d14e40dc2&pid=1-s2.0-S2530064424000385-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Peatlands in the Brazilian Cerrado: insights into knowledge, status and research needs” "巴西塞拉多地区的泥炭地：对知识、现状和研究需求的见解"

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.003

Felix Beer , Cássia Beatriz Rodrigues Munhoz , John Couwenberg , Ingrid Horák-Terra , Leila Maria Garcia Fonseca , Natália Rodrigues Bijos , Catia Nunes da Cunha , Karl Matthias Wantzen

Wetlands play an important role for water, carbon storage and biodiversity in the seasonally dry and hot environments of tropical savannas. Peatlands, which are permanent wetlands, are important as the carbon-richest parts of wetland ecosystems with a strong ability to store carbon, retain water and regulate its flow. With this first review on peatlands in the Cerrado we synthesize existing knowledge and gaps on their distribution and types in the biome including, vegetation, soil properties, carbon stocks and hydrogeomorphology. Peatlands are embedded in wetland complexes in valleys, groundwater-fed oligo- to mesotrophic, with wet grass- and shrubland, Vereda or riparian swamp forest vegetation. Average peat depth is 1.4 meters and soil carbon stocks in the first meter can be 9 times higher than in mineral soils under Cerrado dryland vegetation, reaching about 1000 t carbon per hectare. Total soil carbon stock estimates (3.19 Gt C) in peatlands equal 13.3% of the total soil carbon in the Cerrado in only 0.7% of its total area, although large uncertainties exist. Actual peatland occurrence appears to be more abundant than current soil and peat maps suggest. The high rate of transformation of the native vegetation into industrial agriculture and wood plantations, which affects large parts of the Cerrado, is a major cause for the degradation and the loss of peatlands and other wetlands. However, the extent of peatland degradation and resulting carbon losses remain unfathomed. We identified research needs such as better mapping and monitoring, and recommend including peatlands into wetland classification systems in Brazil.

在热带稀树草原季节性干旱和炎热的环境中，湿地在水源、碳储存和生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用。泥炭地是永久性湿地，是湿地生态系统中碳含量最高的部分，具有很强的碳储存、水保持和水流调节能力。在这篇关于塞拉多泥炭地的首次综述中，我们总结了有关泥炭地在该生物群落中的分布和类型的现有知识和差距，包括植被、土壤特性、碳储量和水文地貌。泥炭地位于山谷湿地群中，由地下水灌溉，从低营养到中营养，植被为湿草地和灌木地、维雷达或河岸沼泽森林。泥炭的平均深度为 1.4 米，在塞拉多旱地植被下，第一米的土壤碳储量是矿质土壤的 9 倍，达到每公顷约 1000 吨碳。泥炭地的土壤总碳储量估计值（31.9 亿吨碳）相当于塞拉多地区土壤总碳储量的 13.3%，而泥炭地只占塞拉多地区总面积的 0.7%，尽管存在很大的不确定性。泥炭地的实际面积似乎比目前的土壤和泥炭地图所显示的还要大。在塞拉多的大部分地区，原生植被被大量转化为工业化农业和木材种植园，这是泥炭地和其他湿地退化和消失的主要原因。然而，泥炭地退化的程度以及由此造成的碳损失仍是未知数。我们确定了研究需求，如更好的绘图和监测，并建议将泥炭地纳入巴西的湿地分类系统。

{"title":"“Peatlands in the Brazilian Cerrado: insights into knowledge, status and research needs”","authors":"Felix Beer , Cássia Beatriz Rodrigues Munhoz , John Couwenberg , Ingrid Horák-Terra , Leila Maria Garcia Fonseca , Natália Rodrigues Bijos , Catia Nunes da Cunha , Karl Matthias Wantzen","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wetlands play an important role for water, carbon storage and biodiversity in the seasonally dry and hot environments of tropical savannas. Peatlands, which are permanent wetlands, are important as the carbon-richest parts of wetland ecosystems with a strong ability to store carbon, retain water and regulate its flow. With this first review on peatlands in the Cerrado we synthesize existing knowledge and gaps on their distribution and types in the biome including, vegetation, soil properties, carbon stocks and hydrogeomorphology. Peatlands are embedded in wetland complexes in valleys, groundwater-fed oligo- to mesotrophic, with wet grass- and shrubland, <em>Vereda</em> or riparian swamp forest vegetation. Average peat depth is 1.4 meters and soil carbon stocks in the first meter can be 9 times higher than in mineral soils under Cerrado dryland vegetation, reaching about 1000 t carbon per hectare. Total soil carbon stock estimates (3.19 Gt C) in peatlands equal 13.3% of the total soil carbon in the Cerrado in only 0.7% of its total area, although large uncertainties exist. Actual peatland occurrence appears to be more abundant than current soil and peat maps suggest. The high rate of transformation of the native vegetation into industrial agriculture and wood plantations, which affects large parts of the Cerrado, is a major cause for the degradation and the loss of peatlands and other wetlands. However, the extent of peatland degradation and resulting carbon losses remain unfathomed. We identified research needs such as better mapping and monitoring, and recommend including peatlands into wetland classification systems in Brazil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 260-269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064424000373/pdfft?md5=454e6e6b21ad4f5b507a6de2316ba5df&pid=1-s2.0-S2530064424000373-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Declining representation of imperiled Atlantic Forest birds in community-science datasets 大西洋森林濒危鸟类在社区科学数据集中的代表性不断下降

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.02.001

Lucas Rodriguez Forti , Ana Passetti , Talita Oliveira , Juan Lima , Arthur Queiros , Maria Alice Dantas Ferreira Lopes , Judit K. Szabo

While monitoring is essential for effective conservation, obtaining occurrence data is often challenging, time consuming and expensive. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest has a high number of threatened and endemic species that need effective and urgent conservation actions informed by sound monitoring data. Community (or citizen) science surveys can provide cost-effective data for large areas over extended time and these geocoded and time-stamped observations can deliver information on species of conservation interest. We provide a spatio-temporal analysis of Least Concern, Near Threatened and globally threatened Atlantic Forest endemic bird species from iNaturalist, eBird and WikiAves and analyze species according to their global trends. Together, these three datasets contained 838,880 unique observations of 218 species in 2000–2022, including 95 threatened and Near Threatened species. While the absolute number of observations of threatened and Near Threatened species increased annually, their proportion decreased compared to the total number of observations. Similarly, the proportion of observations of declining species decreased. Through time, the number of non-specialist birdwatchers could have increased, with the higher survey effort resulting in a higher proportion of common (i.e., more easily observed) species. However, this pattern can also reflect real trends, as most threatened and Near Threatened species were declining, leading to decreased detectability and relatively fewer observations, even with the same effort and skills. Decreasing and threatened species need special attention and targeted monitoring. In spite of the biases inherent in non-structured datasets and the difficulties of surveying rare species, community science can provide an effective warning system, and can improve monitoring of species at high risk of extinction.

虽然监测对有效保护至关重要，但获取物种出现数据往往具有挑战性、耗时且昂贵。巴西大西洋森林有大量濒危物种和特有物种，亟需通过可靠的监测数据采取有效的保护行动。社区（或公民）科学调查可以在较长时间内为大片区域提供具有成本效益的数据，这些具有地理编码和时间戳的观测数据可以提供具有保护价值的物种信息。我们对来自 iNaturalist、eBird 和 WikiAves 的最不关注、接近受威胁和全球受威胁的大西洋森林特有鸟类物种进行了时空分析，并根据其全球趋势对物种进行了分析。这三个数据集在 2000-2022 年间共包含 218 个物种的 838,880 次独特观测数据，其中包括 95 个濒危和近危物种。虽然濒危和近危物种观测数据的绝对数量每年都在增加，但与观测数据总数相比，它们所占的比例却在下降。同样，对衰退物种的观测比例也有所下降。随着时间的推移，非专业观鸟者的数量可能会增加，调查工作的增加导致常见（即更容易观察到）物种的比例增加。然而，这种模式也可能反映了真实的趋势，因为大多数濒危和近危物种都在减少，导致可探测性下降，即使在相同的努力和技能下，观测次数也相对减少。正在减少和受到威胁的物种需要特别关注和有针对性的监测。尽管非结构化数据集存在固有偏差，调查稀有物种也有困难，但群落科学可以提供有效的预警系统，并能改善对濒临灭绝高风险物种的监测。

{"title":"Declining representation of imperiled Atlantic Forest birds in community-science datasets","authors":"Lucas Rodriguez Forti , Ana Passetti , Talita Oliveira , Juan Lima , Arthur Queiros , Maria Alice Dantas Ferreira Lopes , Judit K. Szabo","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While monitoring is essential for effective conservation, obtaining occurrence data is often challenging, time consuming and expensive. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest has a high number of threatened and endemic species that need effective and urgent conservation actions informed by sound monitoring data. Community (or citizen) science surveys can provide cost-effective data for large areas over extended time and these geocoded and time-stamped observations can deliver information on species of conservation interest. We provide a spatio-temporal analysis of Least Concern, Near Threatened and globally threatened Atlantic Forest endemic bird species from iNaturalist, eBird and WikiAves and analyze species according to their global trends. Together, these three datasets contained 838,880 unique observations of 218 species in 2000–2022, including 95 threatened and Near Threatened species. While the absolute number of observations of threatened and Near Threatened species increased annually, their proportion decreased compared to the total number of observations. Similarly, the proportion of observations of declining species decreased. Through time, the number of non-specialist birdwatchers could have increased, with the higher survey effort resulting in a higher proportion of common (i.e., more easily observed) species. However, this pattern can also reflect real trends, as most threatened and Near Threatened species were declining, leading to decreased detectability and relatively fewer observations, even with the same effort and skills. Decreasing and threatened species need special attention and targeted monitoring. In spite of the biases inherent in non-structured datasets and the difficulties of surveying rare species, community science can provide an effective warning system, and can improve monitoring of species at high risk of extinction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 277-287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064424000105/pdfft?md5=f64117d7751604b3f5700fb986753ec7&pid=1-s2.0-S2530064424000105-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying priority conservation areas for the Andean Condor in Colombia 确定哥伦比亚安第斯秃鹰的优先保护区

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.05.002

María Alejandra Parrado-Vargas , José Fernando González-Maya , Björn Reu , Antoni Margalida , Fausto Sáenz-Jiménez , Félix Hernán Vargas

The Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) is a globally threatened species. Its highly mobile capability presents important challenges for conservation planning, especially in extremely geographically complex regions such as Colombia, where little is known about its ecology. Over the past three decades, financial and technical conservation efforts have primarily focussed on reintroduction and local management strategies. However, these initiatives did not properly prioritize the various conservation measures undertaken. We utilized roosting locations across Colombia to identify suitable roosting distribution with high risk because of the anthropogenic impact on a Systematic Planning Tool for decision-making based on robust spatial habitat modelling to define where and how should focus the Andean condor conservation actions in the country. Specifically, we aimed to develop a conservation planning tool to facilitate spatially explicit decision-making. Our results showed that Colombia has at least 19,571.33 km2 of suitable roosting habitat for this species, but over 30% of this area is currently considered to be under conservation risk due to severe anthropogenic impacts. Considering this, we suggested different actions for each proposed area according to potential threats generated by human communities.

安第斯秃鹰（Vultur gryphus）是全球濒危物种。它的高度流动性给保护规划带来了重大挑战，尤其是在哥伦比亚等地理环境极其复杂的地区，人们对其生态知之甚少。在过去的三十年里，资金和技术方面的保护工作主要集中在重新引入和当地管理策略上。然而，这些措施并没有对各种保护措施进行适当的优先排序。我们利用哥伦比亚各地的栖息地，确定了受人类活动影响风险较高的合适栖息地分布，并基于强大的空间栖息地建模，开发了用于决策的系统规划工具，以确定安第斯秃鹰保护行动的重点和方式。具体来说，我们旨在开发一种保护规划工具，以促进空间明确的决策。我们的研究结果表明，哥伦比亚至少有 19571.33 平方公里适合该物种栖息的栖息地，但由于严重的人为影响，其中超过 30% 的区域目前被认为面临保护风险。有鉴于此，我们根据人类社区造成的潜在威胁，为每个拟议区域提出了不同的行动建议。

{"title":"Identifying priority conservation areas for the Andean Condor in Colombia","authors":"María Alejandra Parrado-Vargas , José Fernando González-Maya , Björn Reu , Antoni Margalida , Fausto Sáenz-Jiménez , Félix Hernán Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Andean Condor (<em>Vultur gryphus</em>) is a globally threatened species. Its highly mobile capability presents important challenges for conservation planning, especially in extremely geographically complex regions such as Colombia, where little is known about its ecology. Over the past three decades, financial and technical conservation efforts have primarily focussed on reintroduction and local management strategies. However, these initiatives did not properly prioritize the various conservation measures undertaken. We utilized roosting locations across Colombia to identify suitable roosting distribution with high risk because of the anthropogenic impact on a Systematic Planning Tool for decision-making based on robust spatial habitat modelling to define where and how should focus the Andean condor conservation actions in the country. Specifically, we aimed to develop a conservation planning tool to facilitate spatially explicit decision-making. Our results showed that Colombia has at least 19,571.33 km2 of suitable roosting habitat for this species, but over 30% of this area is currently considered to be under conservation risk due to severe anthropogenic impacts. Considering this, we suggested different actions for each proposed area according to potential threats generated by human communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 288-296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064424000282/pdfft?md5=b508e5ad2a1eec4bc9d69c742ee1aa24&pid=1-s2.0-S2530064424000282-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Savannization of the Amazon” is a term that reinforces the Cerrado neglect "亚马逊草原化 "一词强化了对 Cerrado 的忽视

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.002

Leila Teruko Shirai , Anya Palm Courtenay , Magnus Agerström , André Victor Lucci Freitas , Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro , Rafaela Jorge Trad

Words and terms evoke responses in us, independently of their original meaning. Precise language matters because terminology can affect conservation. For example, current deforestation rates put the Amazon in the spotlight of global conservation, particularly after the “savannization of the Amazon” was proposed. This term associates cleared or degraded forests with savannas, reinforcing prejudices against natural savannas. The Cerrado is the world’s largest and richest savanna, but receives less conservation attention and resources. Firstly, we showed a multisector Cerrado neglect: number of protected areas, non-governmental organizations, academic human resources, and companies were larger in the Amazon, but deforested area was proportionally smaller. Secondly, we analyzed the academic use of “savannization of the Amazon.” In all 481 studies using this term, human action was implied, and most meant that degraded Amazon does not become old-growth savanna. We propose abandoning the use of “savannization of the Amazon”, promoting the support and attention the Cerrado needs.

词语和术语会唤起我们的反应，而与其原始含义无关。准确的语言很重要，因为术语会影响保护工作。例如，当前的森林砍伐率使亚马逊成为全球保护的焦点，特别是在 "亚马逊热带草原化 "被提出之后。这一术语将开垦或退化的森林与热带稀树草原联系在一起，加深了人们对天然热带稀树草原的偏见。塞拉多（Cerrado）是世界上面积最大、资源最丰富的热带稀树草原，但其受到的保护关注和资源却较少。首先，我们展示了多部门对瑟拉多的忽视：保护区、非政府组织、学术人力资源和公司的数量在亚马逊地区较多，但毁林面积却成比例地较小。其次，我们分析了学术界对 "亚马逊热带草原化 "的使用。在所有 481 项使用该术语的研究中，都暗示了人类的行为，大多数研究的意思是退化的亚马逊不会变成古老的热带稀树草原。我们建议放弃使用 "亚马逊热带稀树草原化"，促进对 Cerrado 的支持和关注。

{"title":"“Savannization of the Amazon” is a term that reinforces the Cerrado neglect","authors":"Leila Teruko Shirai , Anya Palm Courtenay , Magnus Agerström , André Victor Lucci Freitas , Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro , Rafaela Jorge Trad","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Words and terms evoke responses in us, independently of their original meaning. Precise language matters because terminology can affect conservation. For example, current deforestation rates put the Amazon in the spotlight of global conservation, particularly after the “savannization of the Amazon” was proposed. This term associates cleared or degraded forests with savannas, reinforcing prejudices against natural savannas. The Cerrado is the world’s largest and richest savanna, but receives less conservation attention and resources. Firstly, we showed a multisector Cerrado neglect: number of protected areas, non-governmental organizations, academic human resources, and companies were larger in the Amazon, but deforested area was proportionally smaller. Secondly, we analyzed the academic use of “savannization of the Amazon.” In all 481 studies using this term, human action was implied, and most meant that degraded Amazon does not become old-growth savanna. We propose abandoning the use of “savannization of the Amazon”, promoting the support and attention the Cerrado needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 219-223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064424000361/pdfft?md5=753ccb45576479c82b5f9c8bc17e18d9&pid=1-s2.0-S2530064424000361-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Olfactory repellents as perceptual traps for mesocarnivores immersed in livestock systems 嗅觉驱避剂是浸泡在畜牧系统中的中食肉动物的感知陷阱

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.04.005

Carolina S. Ugarte , Carolina Saavedra , Javier A. Simonetti

Predation risk is perceived by prey and mesocarnivores through risk signals given by large carnivores. These signals can be manipulated without exposing mesocarnivores to real risk, creating landscapes of fear through perceptual traps, altering behavior. Olfactory signals like urine and feces have been used to deter carnivores that predate on livestock, but a more biologically meaningful cue could be more effective. Livestock guardian dogs (LGD) deter carnivores and reduce predation, so using their whole-body odor as a risk signal in a livestock system could contribute to reduce livestock-carnivore conflict. We tested LGD whole-body odor effect on Patagonian foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus and Lycalopex griseus) present in sheep production in three different habitats—forest, scrubland and pastureland—and analyzed behavioral changes. The presence of LGD whole-body odor reduce the presence of foxes in scrubland habitats and could increase fear behavior and reduced food consumption compared to non-scented places. This technique could act as a complement to LGD, amplifying its effect, but the habitat characteristics must be considered to make it effective. LGD whole-body odor, a more realistic risk signal, representing the presence of LGD without exposing mesocarnivores to a real encounter, i.e. a perceptual trap, could contribute to reduce livestock losses and carnivore threats from livestock owners, aiming to facilitate coexistence between livestock production and native carnivores.

猎物和中食肉动物通过大型食肉动物发出的风险信号来感知捕食风险。可以在不使中食肉动物面临真实风险的情况下操纵这些信号，通过感知陷阱制造恐惧景观，从而改变行为。尿液和粪便等嗅觉信号已被用于阻止食肉动物捕食家畜，但更具生物意义的提示可能更有效。家畜护卫犬（LGD）能阻止食肉动物并减少捕食，因此在家畜饲养系统中使用它们的全身气味作为风险信号可能有助于减少家畜与食肉动物之间的冲突。我们测试了 LGD 全身气味对巴塔哥尼亚狐狸（Lycalopex culpaeus 和 Lycalopex griseus）的影响，这些狐狸生活在三种不同的生境中（森林、灌丛和牧场），并分析了它们的行为变化。与没有气味的地方相比，LGD 全身气味的存在减少了狐狸在灌木丛栖息地的出现，并可能增加恐惧行为和减少食物消耗。这种技术可以作为 LGD 的补充，扩大其效果，但必须考虑到栖息地的特点才能使其有效。LGD全身气味是一种更真实的风险信号，它代表了LGD的存在，而不会让中型食肉动物遭遇真实的LGD，也就是一种感知陷阱，它可以帮助减少牲畜损失和食肉动物来自畜牧业主的威胁，从而促进畜牧业生产和本地食肉动物之间的共存。

{"title":"Olfactory repellents as perceptual traps for mesocarnivores immersed in livestock systems","authors":"Carolina S. Ugarte , Carolina Saavedra , Javier A. Simonetti","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predation risk is perceived by prey and mesocarnivores through risk signals given by large carnivores. These signals can be manipulated without exposing mesocarnivores to real risk, creating landscapes of fear through perceptual traps, altering behavior. Olfactory signals like urine and feces have been used to deter carnivores that predate on livestock, but a more biologically meaningful cue could be more effective. Livestock guardian dogs (LGD) deter carnivores and reduce predation, so using their whole-body odor as a risk signal in a livestock system could contribute to reduce livestock-carnivore conflict. We tested LGD whole-body odor effect on Patagonian foxes (<em>Lycalopex culpaeus</em> and <em>Lycalopex griseus</em>) present in sheep production in three different habitats—forest, scrubland and pastureland—and analyzed behavioral changes. The presence of LGD whole-body odor reduce the presence of foxes in scrubland habitats and could increase fear behavior and reduced food consumption compared to non-scented places. This technique could act as a complement to LGD, amplifying its effect, but the habitat characteristics must be considered to make it effective. LGD whole-body odor, a more realistic risk signal, representing the presence of LGD without exposing mesocarnivores to a real encounter, i.e. a perceptual trap, could contribute to reduce livestock losses and carnivore threats from livestock owners, aiming to facilitate coexistence between livestock production and native carnivores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 232-239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064424000257/pdfft?md5=65737daba7acac9d202229b4c55e29fb&pid=1-s2.0-S2530064424000257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0