Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation最新文献_第5页

Filling knowledge gaps: A methodological approach for the rapid investigation of species with restricted populations 填补知识空白：限制种群物种快速调查的方法学方法

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.04.003

André Cesar Furlaneto Sampaio , Pablo Melo Hoffmann , Elivelton Marcos Gurski , Ollyver Rech Bizarro , Santiago José Elías Velazco , Marcos Bergmann Carlucci , Marília Borgo , Mayara Monteiro Ferreira , Alessandro Camargo Angelo , Christopher Thomas Blum

Gaps in geographic, genetic, and ecological data persist for many plant species, particularly those with restricted populations that are often rare and endangered. This lack of data hampers conservation efforts, especially in regions facing rapid habitat degradation and limited research investment. Additionally, technological, methodological, financial, and governmental challenges further hinder data collection. To address this issue, we developed the Multi-Scale Habitat and Population Rapid Assessment (MHPR) methodology, integrating widely tested, low-cost, and rapid-application technologies to assess distribution, demography, and population decline risks in species with restricted populations. We applied this approach to Butia pubispatha, a critically endangered dwarf palm endemic to the southern Brazilian grasslands, known from a single recorded population. In the first phase, we used Landsat satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to analyze habitat degradation between 2013 and 2021. Using landscape ecology principles, we identified the focal habitat patch with the highest potential to support the species. In the second phase, we conducted systematic transects and distance sampling within this area, mapping the population and identifying less degraded sectors. The highest-density sector was censused. In the third phase, we analyzed spatial patterns using Morisita’s Index and Ripley’s K function. Our method proved highly effective and replicable. NDVI successfully detected habitat changes over time, revealing an 86.7% reduction in the focal habitat patch from 2013 to 2021, underscoring the species’ critical threat due to habitat degradation. We recorded 1,615 individuals, with an estimated density of 81.2 in/ha and a dispersal range of 145 m. A second population was identified in this study. Our findings provide key insights for phenological studies, seedling production, genetic research, and public policies aimed at establishing protected areas and translocating individuals for the conservation of Butia pubispatha.

许多植物物种在地理、遗传和生态数据方面仍然存在差距，特别是那些通常稀有和濒危的有限种群。这种数据的缺乏阻碍了保护工作，特别是在面临栖息地迅速退化和研究投资有限的地区。此外，技术、方法、财政和政府方面的挑战进一步阻碍了数据收集。为了解决这一问题，我们开发了多尺度生境和种群快速评估（MHPR）方法，该方法整合了广泛测试、低成本和快速应用的技术，以评估种群限制物种的分布、人口和种群下降风险。我们将这种方法应用于Butia pubispatha，这是一种巴西南部草原特有的极度濒危的矮棕榈，从一个单一的记录种群中已知。在第一阶段，我们利用Landsat卫星图像和归一化植被指数（NDVI）分析了2013 - 2021年的栖息地退化情况。利用景观生态学原理，我们确定了具有最高支持潜力的焦点生境斑块。在第二阶段，我们在该区域内进行了系统的样带和距离采样，绘制了种群图并确定了退化程度较低的区域。对人口密度最高的部门进行了普查。在第三阶段，我们利用Morisita指数和Ripley的K函数分析空间格局。我们的方法被证明是非常有效和可复制的。NDVI成功地检测到栖息地随时间的变化，显示2013年至2021年焦点栖息地斑块减少了86.7%，突显了该物种因栖息地退化而面临的严重威胁。共录得种群1615只，种群密度81.2 in/ha，分布范围145 m。在这项研究中发现了第二种人群。本研究结果为植物物候学研究、苗木生产、遗传研究以及建立保护区和转移个体保护的公共政策提供了重要的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial networks reveal how forest cover decreases the spread of agricultural pests 空间网络揭示了森林覆盖如何减少农业害虫的传播

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.03.006

Débora C. Rother , Leandro G. Cosmo , Julia Tavella , Fredric M. Windsor , Mariano Devoto , Darren M. Evans , Paulo R. Guimarães Jr.

Landscape homogenization, caused by monocultures, can provide optimal conditions for the spread of crop pests. Increasing habitat heterogeneity and complexity within landscapes could slow pest spread. A next step in understanding the role of habitat heterogeneity in affecting pest spread is to understand how landscape features directly and indirectly affect spatial infestation patterns. We developed a spatial network approach to explore how landscape complexity, generated by forest patch cover, affects the pest spread in agricultural landscapes. As a studied system, we used information on the spatial distribution of traps and dispersal distance of the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from a sugarcane agro-ecosystem in Brazil. Network analysis reveals that modeling pest spread was an outcome of both direct and indirect pathways connecting sugarcane fields. Therefore, using only information about the direct and indirect pathways of the spatial network and the initial focus of infestation, we were able to predict with nearly 80% accuracy the most susceptible sites to pest spread in the simulated landscape. By adjusting parameters such as pest mobility, and interaction with landscape features, our model can simulate different agricultural systems and pest behaviors, showing that forest cover can be used to control pest occurrence and that direct and indirect pathways in spatial networks can be used as a predictive tool to manage the pest spread in agricultural landscapes.

单一栽培造成的景观同质化为作物害虫的传播提供了最优条件。增加生境的异质性和景观的复杂性可以减缓害虫的传播。了解生境异质性在影响害虫传播中的作用的下一步是了解景观特征如何直接和间接影响空间侵染模式。我们开发了一个空间网络方法来探索由森林斑块覆盖产生的景观复杂性如何影响害虫在农业景观中的传播。以巴西甘蔗农业生态系统为研究对象，利用甘蔗螟虫（鳞翅目：革蛾科）诱捕器的空间分布和传播距离信息。网络分析表明，模拟害虫传播是甘蔗田直接和间接途径连接的结果。因此，仅使用空间网络的直接和间接路径以及侵染的初始焦点信息，我们就能够以接近80%的准确率预测模拟景观中最容易发生害虫传播的地点。通过调整病虫害迁移和与景观特征的相互作用等参数，该模型可以模拟不同的农业系统和病虫害行为，表明森林覆盖可以控制病虫害的发生，空间网络中的直接和间接路径可以作为预测工具来管理病虫害在农业景观中的传播。

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引用次数: 0

Green royalties: Keeping offshore Amazon free of oil 绿色特许权使用费：让亚马逊近海地区远离石油

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.03.003

André L. Guimarães , Álvaro M. Batista , Yuri Telles , Anna C.F. Aguiar , Fabio R. Scarano , Paulo Moutinho

While the world urgently hopes to reduce GHG emissions from fossil fuels and deforestation, the Brazilian Amazon offshore potentially becomes a new frontier for oil companies. The expected impact of oil royalties on the regional GDP is a political driving force pro-exploration. We advocate that the Brazilian Amazon offshore must remain oil exploration-free and that the country could give up its sovereign right to explore oil locally while replacing oil royalties with "green royalties". Therefore, we propose that the region could benefit from creating a trust fund covering the same amount of royalties that the area would receive from the country's decision not to allow oil exploration in the region.

当世界迫切希望减少化石燃料和森林砍伐造成的温室气体排放时，巴西亚马逊近海可能成为石油公司的新前沿。石油特许权使用费对地区GDP的预期影响是支持勘探的政治驱动力。我们主张，巴西亚马逊近海必须保持无石油勘探，该国可以放弃在当地勘探石油的主权权利，同时用“绿色特许权使用费”取代石油特许权使用费。因此，我们建议，该地区可以从建立一个信托基金中受益，该基金将涵盖该地区从该国不允许在该地区进行石油勘探的决定中获得的相同数量的特许权使用费。

引用次数: 0

On protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures to conserve biodiversity. Exploring their contribution to Colombian snakes 关于保护区和其他有效的基于区域的保护措施，以保护生物多样性。探索它们对哥伦比亚蛇的贡献

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.04.002

Karina Gisell Rey Pulido , Santiago José Elías Velazco

Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) have recently been implemented in countries such as Colombia and, together with protected areas (PA), are crucial biodiversity conservation strategies. Assessing the contribution of different area-based conservation frameworks (i.e., PA and OECMs) involves evaluating the representation degree of species' geographic ranges, representation targets achievement (i.e., Gap analysis), priority areas for conservation, and their relationship with the remaining habitat. Snakes regulate prey populations, interfere with the behavior and diet of other species, can be bioindicators, and facilitate the transfer of energy and biomass between environments, making them a conservation priority. Currently, Colombia hosts > 300 snake species from nine families. Here, we explored the snake diversity pattern in Colombia and its relationship with remaining habitat. We also evaluated the degree of representation within PA and OECMs of species geographic distributions, species richness, and priority areas for conservation. Areas with the highest snake richness are in the Andean, Pacific, and Amazon regions; however, these are predominantly outside PA and OECMs. Representativeness of species ranges and representation targets within PA increased with the OECMs. The Caribbean and Andean regions have areas with the lowest remaining habitat. Our findings highlight that the OECMs contribute to the conservation of snakes in Colombia and complement PA. The Pacific, Orinoco, Amazon, and the northern Caribbean presented the highest concentration of priority areas for conservation and given the presence of indigenous people groups and large remaining habitat, these regions are most promising for creating new OECMs.

其他有效的基于区域的保护措施（oecm）最近在哥伦比亚等国家得到实施，并与保护区（PA）一起成为至关重要的生物多样性保护战略。评估不同区域保护框架（即PA和oecm）的贡献包括评估物种地理范围的代表性程度、代表性目标的实现（即差距分析）、优先保护区域及其与剩余栖息地的关系。蛇调节猎物数量，干扰其他物种的行为和饮食，可以作为生物指标，促进能量和生物量在环境之间的转移，使它们成为保护的重点。目前，哥伦比亚主办>；9科300种蛇。本文探讨了哥伦比亚蛇类的多样性格局及其与剩余生境的关系。我们还评估了物种地理分布、物种丰富度和优先保护区域在PA和oecm中的代表性程度。蛇的丰富度最高的地区是安第斯山脉、太平洋和亚马逊地区；然而，这些主要是在PA和oecm之外。物种范围和代表性目标在PA内的代表性随着oecm的增加而增加。加勒比和安第斯地区的剩余栖息地最少。我们的研究结果强调，oecm对哥伦比亚蛇的保护做出了贡献，并补充了PA。太平洋、奥里诺科河、亚马逊河和北加勒比是最集中的优先保护地区，考虑到土著人民群体的存在和大量剩余的栖息地，这些地区最有希望建立新的东加勒比国家组织。

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引用次数: 0

High-diversity Atlantic Forest restoration plantings fail to represent local floras 高多样性的大西洋森林恢复植物不能代表当地的植物区系

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.12.001

Crislaine de Almeida , J. Leighton Reid , Renato A. Ferreira de Lima , Luis Fernando Guedes Pinto , Ricardo Augusto Gorne Viani

One goal of ecological restoration is species conservation, so selecting tree species from local floras in restoration plantings is important to restore native species populations and avoid biotic homogenization. We evaluated if species planted to restore the Brazilian Atlantic Forest adequately represent the tree flora from local reference forests, comparing the tree seedlings selected for 1,073 restoration plantings with inventory data from 268 forest remnants, for three different Atlantic Forest types. We compared the floristic composition between plantings and remnants and calculated the Jaccard dissimilarity index to assess beta diversity among plantings, among remnants, and between plantings and remnants. Overall, plantings have lower beta diversity and higher nestedness than remnants. Furthermore, plantings form a single floristic group while remnants are split into three forest types. Plantings are more floristically similar to one another than to regional remnant forest types. Tree species selected for Atlantic Forest restoration poorly represent local floras, which could favor biotic homogenization. Incentivizing greater representation of local floras and threatened and endemic species is needed for forest restoration to facilitate biodiversity recovery at large spatial scales.

生态恢复的目标之一是物种保护，因此在恢复种植中选择本地植物群中的树种对于恢复本地物种种群和避免生物同质化具有重要意义。我们评估了用于恢复巴西大西洋森林的树种是否充分代表了当地参考森林的树木区系，将1073个恢复树种的树苗与来自三种不同大西洋森林类型的268个森林遗迹的库存数据进行了比较。通过比较植物区系组成，计算Jaccard差异指数，评价植物区系间、植物区系间和植物区系间的beta多样性。总体而言，与残体相比，植物的β多样性较低，巢性较高。此外，植被形成了一个单一的植物区系群，而残余物则分为三种森林类型。植物在植物区系上彼此之间的相似性大于与区域残余森林类型之间的相似性。为恢复大西洋森林选择的树种不能很好地代表当地的植物区系，这可能有利于生物同质化。为了促进大空间尺度上的生物多样性恢复，森林恢复需要鼓励更多地代表当地植物群、受威胁物种和特有物种。

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引用次数: 0

Passando a boiada: degazettement and downsizing threaten protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon Passando a boiada：取消宪报和缩小规模威胁着巴西亚马逊的保护区

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.01.001

Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues , Thadeu Sobral-Souza , Tiago Shizen Pacheco Toma , Aretha Franklin Guimaraes , Thiago Junqueira Izzo , Marcos Penhacek , Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa , Neucir Szinwelski , Afonso Kempner , Willian Schornobay Bochenski , Milton Omar Cordova Neyra , Helena Streit , Gerhard Ernst Overbeck , Fabio de Oliveira Roque , Geraldo Wilson Fernandes , Cássio Cardoso Pereira , Philip Martin Fearnside

This article addresses the reduction and elimination of protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon. This impacts Brazil's conservation efforts, ecosystem processes, and climate change mitigation. The phrase “Passando a boiada” (Passing the herd through) originated from a statement by Brazil's then-Minister of the Environment, Ricardo Salles in a 2020 ministerial meeting and reflects the 2019–2022 Jair Bolsonaro presidential administration`s dismantling of environmental policies. Despite the current President's efforts to restore environmental protections, the Ruralist Front's control of the National Congress continues to threaten protected areas. Cristalino II State Park, located in the southern Amazon in Mato Grosso state, is facing elimination due to fraudulent land claims. Reducing protected areas undermines biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation. Maintaining these areas is crucial for Brazil to fulfill its COP 15 commitment to achieve zero deforestation by 2030. The situation demands urgent global attention to uphold conservation commitments and to prevent further ecosystem degradation.

这篇文章讨论了巴西亚马逊保护区的减少和消除。这影响了巴西的保护工作、生态系统进程和减缓气候变化。“穿过牛群”（Passando a boiada）一词源于时任巴西环境部长里卡多·萨勒斯在2020年部长级会议上的发言，反映了2019-2022年博尔索纳罗政府对环境政策的拆解。尽管现任总统努力恢复环境保护，但乡村主义阵线对国民大会的控制继续威胁着保护区。Cristalino II州立公园位于马托格罗索州的亚马逊南部，由于欺诈性的土地索赔，该公园正面临被取消的危险。减少保护区破坏了生物多样性保护和减缓气候变化。维护这些地区对于巴西履行其到2030年实现零森林砍伐的缔约方会议第十五次会议承诺至关重要。这种情况迫切需要全球关注，以履行保护承诺，防止生态系统进一步退化。

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引用次数: 0

Birds in agroscapes: effects of forest cover and landscape heterogeneity on dryland bird diversity and composition 农业景观中的鸟类：森林覆盖和景观异质性对旱地鸟类多样性和组成的影响

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.12.004

Mônica da Costa Lima , Fredy Alvarado , Helder F.P. de Araujo

A research challenge for this century is the integration of highly productive and sustainable landscapes. This issue is crucial for semi-arid regions, where historical land management practices have led to habitat loss and desertification processes. In this study, we evaluated the relative effects of habitat amount (forest cover), landscape heterogeneity (landscape diversity) and spatial arrangement (forest fragmentation and edge density) on bird α and β-diversity in the Caatinga tropical dry forest of northeastern Brazil. We separately assessed the complete bird assemblage and three different ecological groups (forest specialist, habitat generalist and open-area specialist species). Our results indicate that habitat amount is the main positive driver of α and β-diversity of birds in the Caatinga landscapes. However, landscape heterogeneity emerged as an important positive driver for habitat generalist and open-area specialist species. Our results highlight the importance of landscape-scale forest cover and increasing landscape heterogeneity on productive lands as a strategy to balance food production and biodiversity conservation in dry forest regions such as the Caatinga.

本世纪的一个研究挑战是高效和可持续景观的整合。这个问题对半干旱地区至关重要，在这些地区，历史上的土地管理做法导致了生境丧失和荒漠化进程。研究了巴西东北部Caatinga热带干旱林栖息地数量（森林覆盖）、景观异质性（景观多样性）和空间布局（森林破碎度和边缘密度）对鸟类α和β-多样性的相对影响。我们分别评估了完整的鸟类组合和3个不同的生态类群（森林特种鸟、生境特种鸟和开阔区特种鸟）。结果表明，生境数量是Caatinga景观中鸟类α和β-多样性的主要正向驱动因素。然而，景观异质性成为生境通才和开放区域专一物种的重要积极驱动因素。我们的研究结果强调了景观尺度森林覆盖和生产性土地景观异质性的重要性，作为平衡粮食生产和生物多样性保护的战略，如Caatinga干旱森林地区。

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引用次数: 0

The conservation potential of road verges in the savannas of Brazil: Challenges and opportunities 巴西稀树草原道路边缘的保护潜力：挑战与机遇

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.03.001

Monize Altomare , Heraldo L. Vasconcelos , Vagner Santiago do Vale , Imma Oliveras Menor

Although vegetation along road verges might appear as marginal spaces, they can help mitigate the impact of roads and make a significant contribution to biodiversity conservation. Therefore, it is critical to ensure that these areas provide and maximize as many ecosystem services as possible. We analyzed the potential of road verges for preserving the biodiversity and ecological functions of the Cerrado ecosystems. We used a supervised land use classification to determine the current extent of native vegetation cover and habitat types along paved roads within the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás, including the Federal District, and the extent of vegetation cover change from 2017 to 2023. Additionally, we also estimated the current potential of these areas in terms of aboveground carbon stock. We found that approximately 32% of the road verges are covered with Cerrado native vegetation, storing more than 600,000 tons of carbon. However, 150,000 hectares have already been cleared before 2023, resulting in the release of nearly 3.8 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere. We also found that the amount of native vegetation cover along road verges remained relatively stable over the seven-year study period. Our study highlights the vital role of Cerrado road verges in maintaining native vegetation and storing carbon. Despite the challenges, conservation efforts must prioritize law enforcement to prevent occupation or modification of these areas, ensure the preservation of native vegetation, and implement strategic planning to maximize the ecological potential of Cerrado road verges.

虽然道路边缘的植被可能看起来像边缘空间，但它们可以帮助减轻道路的影响，并为生物多样性保护做出重大贡献。因此，确保这些地区提供并最大化尽可能多的生态系统服务是至关重要的。我们分析了道路边缘在保护塞拉多生态系统生物多样性和生态功能方面的潜力。我们使用监督土地利用分类来确定米纳斯吉拉斯州和Goiás州（包括联邦区）铺路沿线的原生植被覆盖范围和栖息地类型，以及2017年至2023年的植被覆盖范围变化。此外，我们还估计了这些地区目前在地上碳储量方面的潜力。我们发现，大约32%的道路边缘覆盖着塞拉多原生植被，储存了超过60万吨的碳。然而，在2023年之前，已有15万公顷的森林被砍伐，导致近380万吨的碳被释放到大气中。我们还发现，在7年的研究期间，道路边缘的原生植被覆盖数量保持相对稳定。我们的研究强调了塞拉多道路边缘在维持原生植被和储存碳方面的重要作用。尽管面临挑战，但保护工作必须优先考虑执法，以防止这些地区被占领或改造，确保保护原生植被，并实施战略规划，以最大限度地发挥塞拉多公路边缘的生态潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Belo Monte Dam impacts: Protagonism of local people in research and monitoring reveals ecosystem service decay in Amazonian flooded vegetation 贝罗蒙特大坝的影响：当地居民在研究和监测中的主导作用揭示了亚马逊淹没植被的生态系统服务衰退

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.02.001

A. Quaresma , G. Zuquim , L.O. Demarchi , C.C. Ribas , F. Wittmann , A.M. Assunção , C.C Carneiro , P.P. Ferreira , J.J.P. Juruna , R.T.V. da S. Juruna , M.S.S. Kleme , S.B. Lima , S.R. Lima , T.R. Mantovanelli , G.M. Martins , J. Muriel-Cunha , J.A. Nunes , H. Palmquist , T.J.C Pereira , J.C.B. Pezzuti , R. Cruz e Silva

The Amazonian river-floodplain systems face unprecedented threats from the construction of hydroelectric power plants aimed at meeting Brazil's energy demands. However, evidence suggests that the long-term economic, social, and environmental damages outweigh the hydroelectricity advantages. The Volta Grande do Xingu was dammed and its water diverted to energy production, resulting in habitat loss due to the altered hydrological regimes. Flooded environments are vital for ecosystem services, including food production, biogeochemical cycles, and climate regulation. The construction and operation of hydropower plants disrupt these services, affecting Indigenous populations and ribeirinhos communities. Environmental Impact Assessments often underestimate these impacts, and the responsibility for monitoring falls on the companies themselves, leading to conflicts of interest and inadequate reporting. This triggered an Independent Territorial Environmental Monitoring (MATI-VGX) initiative, led by Indigenous and ribeirinhos researchers in partnership with academics. MATI-VGX's observations reveal changes in flooded ecosystems, including increased seedling density and leaf-cutter ant colonies in the understory, changes in plant species composition, disruption of the phenological cycle, and vegetation mortality. Moreover, reduced fruit dispersion disrupts the aquatic food web and threatens Indigenous and ribeirinhos food sources. These changes indicate ecosystem decay and disruption of ecological processes. Importantly, these impacts are noticeable after a short period of water diversion, highlighting the urgency of mitigation efforts. A research agenda must quantify tree mortality, understand physiological mechanisms, and assess the cascade effects on wildlife and food security. Ultimately, restoring natural hydrological patterns is essential for preserving Amazonian biodiversity and the livelihoods of Indigenous and ribeirinhos communities.

为了满足巴西的能源需求，亚马逊河-洪泛区系统面临着前所未有的水力发电厂建设的威胁。然而，有证据表明，长期的经济、社会和环境损害超过了水力发电的优势。新古河被筑坝，其水被用于能源生产，由于水文制度的改变，导致栖息地的丧失。洪水环境对生态系统服务至关重要，包括粮食生产、生物地球化学循环和气候调节。水电站的建设和运行扰乱了这些服务，影响到土著居民和里贝林霍斯社区。环境影响评估往往低估了这些影响，而监督的责任落在了企业自己身上，导致了利益冲突和报告不足。这引发了一项独立领土环境监测（matii - vgx）倡议，由土著和里贝林霍斯的研究人员与学术界合作领导。mti - vgx的观测结果揭示了洪水生态系统的变化，包括林下幼苗密度和切叶蚁群的增加、植物物种组成的变化、物候循环的破坏和植被死亡率。此外，水果分散的减少破坏了水生食物网，威胁到土著和ribeiinhos的食物来源。这些变化表明生态系统的衰退和生态过程的破坏。重要的是，在短期调水之后，这些影响是显而易见的，突出了缓解工作的紧迫性。研究议程必须量化树木死亡率，了解生理机制，并评估对野生动物和粮食安全的级联效应。最终，恢复自然水文模式对于保护亚马逊的生物多样性以及土著和里贝林霍斯社区的生计至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

What is the role of fire in rewilding? Synthesising peer-reviewed literature into four thematic discourses 火在野化中扮演什么角色？将同行评议的文献综合成四个专题论述

IF 4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2025.02.002

Francisco Navarro-Rosales , Chloë Strevens , Immaculada Oliveras Menor

Current conservation strategies must acknowledge the multifaceted role of fire as a key ecosystem process and a socioecological threat. Understanding the role of fire in the context of rewilding is critical due to the need to implement and scale-up nature recovery strategies in the face of altered fire regimes and other anthropogenic pressures. Despite the gradual incorporation of the concept of fire into the rewilding literature, views surrounding fire’s contribution to rewilding remain complex and unclear. We have therefore conducted a structured literature review in order to synthesise the main discourses surrounding the role of fire in rewilding so that researchers and practitioners are better aware of the opportunities and risks when considering fire as part of rewilding programmes. By classifying arguments based on their positive/supportive or negative/cautious perceptions towards fire and rewilding and extracting common themes, we were able to identify four broadly distinct discourses describing potential ways in which fire – or fire management – and rewilding could be considered within the landscape: A) fire as an ecosystem process to be introduced through rewilding, B) fire as a socioecological risk to be averted by rewilding, C) fire as a potential hazard brought by rewilding, requiring management, and D) fire as a beneficial management strategy which is put at risk by rewilding. We describe the main themes and common arguments presented by discourses A to D, outlining context and trends in occurrence of sources assigned to each discourse. Better integration of fire and rewilding will require clarifying differences in rewilding definitions and acknowledging strong context dependence of fire management options, decision-making processes and conservation outcomes. As rewilding strategies expand into areas with diverse fire dependencies, histories, and vulnerabilities, thematic commonalities across fire and rewilding discourses reveal strong potential for synergies between the use of fire and rewilding for conservation.

当前的保护策略必须承认火灾作为一个关键的生态系统过程和社会生态威胁的多方面作用。面对改变的火灾制度和其他人为压力，需要实施和扩大自然恢复战略，因此了解火灾在重新野生化背景下的作用至关重要。尽管火的概念逐渐被纳入野化文献，但围绕火对野化的贡献的观点仍然复杂和不清楚。因此，我们进行了一项结构化的文献综述，以综合围绕火灾在野生化中的作用的主要论述，以便研究人员和从业人员在考虑将火灾作为野生化计划的一部分时更好地意识到机会和风险。通过根据他们对火灾和野生化的积极/支持或消极/谨慎的看法对论点进行分类，并提取共同的主题，我们能够确定四种截然不同的话语，描述了在景观中考虑火灾或火灾管理和野生化的潜在方式：A)火灾作为一种生态系统过程，将通过再野生化引入；B)火灾作为一种社会生态风险，将通过再野生化来避免；C)火灾作为再野生化带来的潜在危害，需要管理；D)火灾作为一种有益的管理策略，将因再野生化而面临风险。我们描述了话语A到D的主题和共同论点，概述了分配给每个话语的来源发生的背景和趋势。更好地整合火灾和野化将需要澄清野化定义的差异，并承认火灾管理选择、决策过程和保护结果对环境的强烈依赖。随着再野化战略扩展到具有不同火灾依赖性、历史和脆弱性的地区，火灾和再野化话语的主题共性揭示了使用火灾和再野化保护之间的强大协同潜力。

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