Science Progress最新文献

Objective: In this study, we aimed to elucidate the potential association between H. pylori infection and the prevalence of hypertension in the Inner Mongolia population, while also exploring the impact of sex and age on the relationship between helicobacter pylori and hypertension.

Method: We collected physical examination data from a cohort of 10,517 patients at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College between January and December 2020. The patients were categorized into three groups based on their blood pressure and H. pylori infection status. Our findings revealed a significant correlation between H. pylori infection and blood pressure levels in the patients.

Result: The infection rate of H. pylori was higher in patients with hypertension compared to those without hypertension. Additionally, sex and age exerted an influence on the association between helicobacter pylori and hypertension. Among the hypertensive patients, males displayed a greater likelihood of H. pylori infection and more severe infections than females. Furthermore, within the hypertensive patients infected with H. pylori, the degree of infection was lower in young adults compared to middle-aged adults and the elderly.

Conclusion: Hypertension is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.

With the increase in power and flow of emulsion pumps, pump valves are more likely to be damaged during long working hours, Therefore, it is important to ensure the reliability of pump valves at all stages. However, there are still some problems that need to be solved urgently. For example, whether the actual dynamic characteristics of the valve are consistent with the simulation results, and whether the simulation can replace experiments to provide a reference for the design improvement of the valve. At the same time, what is the failure mechanism of the valve, and what methods can be used to find the early failure of the valve. Therefore, the dynamic impact contact characteristics and fault diagnosis of valves of reciprocating piston pumps were investigated both experimentally and numerically. They were analyzed using AMESim simulation and U-Adolph theory, respectively, to predict the dynamic characteristics of the valve. The effect of spring stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of the valve was also investigated. The numerical analysis and analytical results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which provide an important reference for the development of new horizontal five-cylinder single-acting reciprocating pumps. In addition, finite element analysis was used to study the impact contact characteristics of the discharge valve closing under different valve diameters. The failure mechanism of the pump and valve was revealed, a fault diagnosis method was proposed, and the effectiveness of the method is verified by experiment.

This study presents a novel integration of two advanced deep learning models, U-Net and EfficientNetV2, to achieve high-precision segmentation and rapid classification of pathological images. A key innovation is the development of a new heatmap generation algorithm, which leverages meticulous image preprocessing, data enhancement strategies, ensemble learning, attention mechanisms, and deep feature fusion techniques. This algorithm not only produces highly accurate and interpretatively rich heatmaps but also significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of pathological image analysis. Unlike existing methods, our approach integrates these advanced techniques into a cohesive framework, enhancing its ability to reveal critical features in pathological images. Rigorous experimental validation demonstrated that our algorithm excels in key performance indicators such as accuracy, recall rate, and processing speed, underscoring its potential for broader applications in pathological image analysis and beyond.

Extracting buildings from images is crucial for urban management, urban planning, and post-disaster change detection. Over the years, various approaches have been tried, but the recent application of deep learning has greatly improved the success of such studies. In this study, the Inria dataset was used, consisting of 180 high-resolution aerial images.The study compared the performance of various architectures. DeepLabv3+ emerged as the most successful, with Accuracy, IoU, and F1 Scores of 96.77%, 89.85%, and 94.53%, respectively. Attention U-Net followed, scoring 95.31%, 85.49%, and 91.95%. U-Net, tested with different encoders, achieved average results of 97.22%, 84.78%, and 90.79%. SE-ResNeXt-50 was the best-performing encoder, followed by SE-ResNet-50, ResNeXt-50, and ResNet-50. UNet++ achieved 94.48% Accuracy, 83.09% IoU, and 90.45% F1 Score, while U2Net obtained 94.09%, 82.26%, and 89.88%, making them less successful.When examining the models under challenging conditions, SE-ResNeXt-50 was the most robust, successfully handling scenarios like occlusion by trees and complex indoor gardens. Conversely, Attention U-Net and UNet++ were more prone to errors, particularly when vehicles were parked near buildings or in the presence of shipping containers, where false positives were common. ResNet-50 struggled with concrete gardens, while U2Net showed better results in scenarios involving indoor gardens.These results, compared to other studies using the same dataset with different pixel sizes, show that eliminating erroneous data and resizing images can enhance the performance of deep learning networks. Therefore, by refining the data and adjusting the image sizes, models can make more accurate and efficient building detections.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the impact of single- versus dual-antiplatelet (SAPT vs DAPT) therapy on coagulation profiles and postoperative outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Methods: Patients with PAD undergoing lower extremity revascularization from December 2020 to August 2023 were prospectively enrolled in this cohort study and followed for one year to record the incidence of thrombotic events (TEs). These events include arterial graft/stent occlusion or stenosis, as identified through Doppler ultrasonography or angiography. Patients were categorized by type of intervention (open vs. endovascular) and further stratified by thromboprophylaxis regimen (SAPT vs DAPT). Descriptive statistics were conducted to characterize each group. Differences in continuous variables were analyzed using Student's t-test, while categorical variables were evaluated using Fisher's exact test. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and cox proportional hazard assessed the thrombosis probability between groups.

Results: A total of 157 patients were analyzed, of which 56 were open and 101 were endovascular. In the endovascular group, the majority of patients were on DAPT (61.4%), whereas in the open procedure, most individuals were on SAPT (78.6%). DAPT recipients exhibited a lower prothrombotic profile than SAPT recipients in either operative cohort (p < .05). However, the incidence of index TEs was similar between medication groups within each cohort over the one-year follow-up period. DAPT was associated with a decreased incidence of recurrent TEs in the open intervention group (p < .001), indicating its potential for reducing subsequent thrombotic complications following an index TE. Additionally, there was no significant difference in thrombosis probability between endovascular and open procedures (p = .73), nor between DAPT and SAPT groups across both procedure modalities (p = .98).

Conclusion: While DAPT demonstrated lower prothrombotic thromboelastography with platelet mapping profiles compared to SAPT, this did not translate into differences in index TEs across surgical modalities.

Objectives: Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria have gradually accounted for the mainstay evaluating nutritional status. We sought to establish GLIM-dictated nomograms with other prognostic factors influencing long-term mortality and externally validate their predictive performance in decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods: The derivation cohort comprised 301 patients presenting with cirrhosis-associated acute insults, while the validation cohort encompassed 101 subjects from another tertiary hospital. Two nomograms were constructed to predict the 1-year all-cause mortality by integrating the GLIM criteria. The study population was stratified into low-, moderate- and high-risk mortality groups according to aforesaid proposed models.

Results: Adjusting Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification (Nomo#1) or Model for End-stage Liver Disease-Sodium score (Nomo#2) separately, the GLIM criteria were independently associated with 1-year mortality in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (Nomo#1 hazard ratio (HR) = 3.139, p < 0.001; Nomo#2 HR = 3.456, p < 0.001). The C-index and time AUC for Nomo#1 and Nomo#2 performed significantly better than those of the GLIM criteria or conventional scoring systems alone. The survival rate of the low-risk group was significantly higher than those of the moderate- or high-risk groups (Nomo#1: 95% vs 65.8% vs 33.3%, p < 0.001; Nomo#2: 94.3% vs 64.5% vs 25%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, our proposed models exhibited moderate prediction accuracy and may identify malnourished patients with poor survival conditions in the external validation cohort.

Conclusion: GLIM criteria-defined malnutrition negatively impacted long-term mortality in the context of decompensated cirrhosis. Our established nomograms may predict survival status with sufficient discriminatory ability, alongside good consistency and clinical benefits, supporting their effectiveness in daily practice.

As urbanization in China continues to rise, an increasing number of cities are constructing subway tunnels. However, due to the complexity and ambiguity of subway tunnel construction, there is a lack of precise methods to assess the impact of these constructions on surrounding buildings. Consequently, this study analyzes and summarizes past experiences and proposes the IVTSFS-CPT-EDAS model based on the CPT-EDAS evaluation method. This model establishes a risk assessment approach specifically for the impact of subway tunnel construction on existing buildings. The model's process was validated through a real-world case study, including a sensitivity analysis to verify its effectiveness and feasibility. The findings of this study indicate: (1) The IVTSFS-CPT-EDAS model can more comprehensively and delicately replicate the actual decision-making environment, enhancing the accuracy of the model. (2) The analysis of expert evaluations indicates that improper material and equipment configuration, inadequate excavation pressure control, and non-compliance of the stratum solubility coefficient with requirements are the primary risk factors affecting the building. (3) The advantages of the proposed model over other approaches and the accuracy enhancement of the assessment results due to the improvements in the evaluation method were demonstrated through sensitivity analysis and comparative evaluation. This research is expected to provide valuable insights for the scientific management of the impacts of subway tunnel construction on nearby structures.

ObjectiveTo investigate the way in which prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and the mechanisms that underlie it.MethodA surgical ligation of the coronary artery was adopted to establish a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model in male SD rats. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into six groups: Normal group, Sham group, MIRI model group, empty vector (MIRI + EZ.null) group, PRCP overexpression (MIRI + PRCP) group, and nicorandil (MIRI + Nic) group, with 6 rats in each group. The rats received an injection of PRCP's adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) through the tail vein 3 weeks prior to the modeling.ResultsCompared with the Normal and Sham groups, the expression levels of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, IL-18, IL-1β, and GSDMD in the MIRI group and MIRI + EZ-null group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Myocardial apoptosis index, myocardial infarction size, ejection fraction, and short axis shortening rate were significantly increased (P < 0.05). At the same time, PRCP and nicorandil therapy could reverse the damage effect caused by MIRI (P < 0.05).ConclusionPRCP can lessen MIRI and protect cardiac function in rats by inhibiting NLRP3/Capase-1/IL-18/IL-1β signaling pathway-mediated cell pyroptosis.

Electrolyte imbalance management is crucial in diverse clinical scenarios, with intravenous potassium repletion often required. High-concentration infusions can pose severe complications if extravasation occurs, leading to phlebitis, local tissue damage, or in severe cases, cutaneous necrosis. This risk is elevated in geriatric patients due to factors like reduced tissue elasticity and sensitivity. We report a case of phlebitis and skin necrosis in an elderly woman after peripheral KCl infusion (6% [800 mmol/L]). A woman in her early 70 s presented with obstructive jaundice and critically low potassium levels. A peripheral intravenous administration of 6% KCl was initiated to rectify hypokalemia. Due to superficial venous site selection and the patient's reduced sensitivity, phlebitis developed unnoticed, leading to cutaneous necrosis. Management involved medication discontinuation, cannula removal, application of a magnesium sulfate dressing, limb elevation, and a hydrogel dressing. Despite initial necrosis, wound debridement, ongoing dressings, and moderate hand exercises led to a complete wound resolution. This case underscores the importance of careful selection and monitoring of infusion sites during administration of irritant solutions like concentrated KCl, particularly in geriatric patients. Patient-specific factors, pharmacological implications, and the necessity for adequate vascular assessment are emphasized. Further, the case highlights the necessity for prompt and multifaceted management strategies to handle complications, including patient and caregiver education, careful wound management, and proactive nursing care. The event underscores the need for established protocols regarding the administration of high-risk drugs to prevent severe sequelae.

Primary solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells outside the bone marrow. The tumor rarely occurs in the sinonasal tract, accounting for about 4% of all non-epithelial sinonasal tumors. Herein, the authors describe a rare case of sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma in a 33-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of progressively increasing nasal mass, causing obstruction. A CT scan showed a soft tissue mass measuring 5*8*3 cm in the right and left nasal cavities, obstructing the nasal airway. The mass extended to the right maxillary sinus. Histopathology and immunohistochemical tests confirmed it to be plasmacytoma. Lymphomas with prominent plasmacytic differentiation and multiple myeloma workups were negative. The patient initially refused treatment. After counseling, the patient consented to undergo surgery and later radiotherapy treatment. At one-year follow-up, the patient is disease-free with no signs of recurrence. Plasmacytomas are either medullary or extramedullary neoplasms. The latter are extremely rare tumors, more commonly presenting in the submucosal tissue of the upper respiratory tract. A mass or swelling causing nasal or pharyngeal symptoms is by far the most common presentation of this entity in the head and neck region. Because these lesions are radiosensitive, radiotherapy is a recommended treatment approach. Further studies are needed to better understand the prognosis and effective treatment regimens.