Revista de Logopedia, Foniatria y Audiologia最新文献

Background and objective

The present study provides reference data on the auditory discrimination of phonemes in a population normal-hearing of native Spanish-speaking from Chile. The objective is to determine if the lengthening of phonemes affects the ability of auditory discrimination.

Participants, materials and method

The sample consisted of 40 subjects between the ages of 19 and 36 who were subjected to an auditory discrimination task of a series of 35 pairs of words. These words presented differences with respect to the duration of one of the consonants phonemes. To achieve the objectives, pairs of words without modifying any phoneme were compared with those in which the duration of the phoneme was doubled (2 x), tripled (3 x) and quintupled (5 x), in addition to the comparison intercategories.

Results

The results show that the subjects have difficulty discriminating between phonemes that have the smallest acoustic differences in duration, especially when comparing the phoneme that is double (2 x) and the phoneme that is triple (3 x) their natural duration. These results are also observed when comparing by specific type of phoneme, since in all (/s/, /n/, /t/ and /ʝ/) except /r/, the comparison that presented the most difficulty was that of the word with the phoneme is felt at double and triple the natural duration.

Conclusion

The perceptive capacity of the subjects decreases to the extent that the stimuli are more similar in their duration.

Background

Narrative is an important achievement in language development. Children have to learn to coordinate grammatical, pragmatic and cognitive skills over a long period of time. Two related levels of information organisation are implicit in narratives: macrostructure and microstructure. The first refers to the overall organization of the content and the second refers to the linguistic resources, which enable connections to be made between the sub-events of the story to create coherence. There are studies on the oral language narratives of deaf children but little research on the narrative development of deaf children who use Spanish sign language.

Objectives

The aim of our study is twofold: on the one hand, to adapt the test of narrative production (TPN) from British sign language to Spanish sign language (LSE) and, on the other hand, to describe the development of narrative skills.

Method

A total of 46 protocols from 30 native signers aged between 4 and 12 years were analyzed.

Results

The results indicate a correlation between the three blocks comprising the test: content and structure (macrostructure) and grammar (microstructure). The development of the macrostructure components stabilizes at the age of 8 years, while in the microstructure a more progressive development is observed up to the age of 12 years.

Conclusions

The test will make it possible to assess children in clinical and educational settings, especially those children who, for various reasons, show atypical development in sign language.

Background and objective

Beginning university studies causes psychosocial changes that can impair academic performance and social relationships. The aim of this work is to evaluate mental health, emotional intelligence, empathy and coping skills in university students of the degree in speech therapy.

Materials and method

A total of 128 participants from 1 st to 4 th grade with a mean age of 21.33 and 96.9% women. An “ad hoc” questionnaire and standardized questionnaires have been used: psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Emotional Intelligence Scale (TMMS-24), the Scale of Difficulties in Emotional Regulation (DERS), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Brief Coping Inventory (COPE).

Results

The results have showed that having anxiety, some type of chronic illness and being a first-year student presents worse mental health, emotional management and coping ability. On the contrary, be a man, be in 4 th grade and do some type of sporting activity can be protective elements against mental health and empathic and/or emotional difficulties.

Conclusions

Therefore, it is necessary to provide speech therapy students with personal resources within of the academic context to improve personal and professional well-being.

Background and objective

The purpose of a prosthetic adaptation is not only to improve language understanding and sound recognition, but to improve the patient's quality of life.

The purpose of this investigation is to measure quality of life of patients with hearing aids, and investigate which sociodemographic, audiological and audioprosthetic variables affect it.

Material and methods

Multicenter cross-sectional descriptive study in the Community of Madrid (España). Sample 54 patients and Effectiveness of Auditory Rehabilitation (EAR) scale was used.

Results

Mean age 66.4 years; 55.6% men. The mean score of 10 audiological EAR items was 64.54 (SD 16.43). The mean score of 10 ear audioprosthetic items was 71.84 (SD 13.49).

Age, sex, work activity, level of education, degree of hearing loss, logoaudiometry results, free field, number and format of hearing aids, prescriber of the prostheses and year of manufacture of the prostheses, are associated with different items of the EAR scale (P < .05).

Conclusions

The audiological quality of life ranges from regular to good, and audioprosthetics is close to good.

Younger age, female sex and work activity are associated with better quality of life. People with good logoaudiometric results are associated with better quality of life. Monaural adaptations, retroauricular hearing aids, more modern hearing aids and that the patient does not self-describe hearing aids, are associated with better quality of life.

Hearing aids improve the quality of life of patients, provided that sociodemographic, audiological and audioprosthetic characteristics, specific to each patient are taken into account to make a personalized and optimal audioprosthetic adjustment.

Precedents and objectives

Dr Donna Jackson-Maldonado, researcher and professor at the Centro de Estudios Lingüísticos y Literarios of the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro in Mexico, left us on November 30, 2021. In this article, we review her main scientific contributions related to the three fundamental axes on which she worked: language acquisition, language disorders and language assessment.

Methods and results

Dr Jackson-Maldonado's studies on language acquisition included groups of premature babies, late talkers, and typical development children in bilingual and diverse socioeconomic conditions. Moreover, she studied atypical language development in children with hearing loss, children with developmental language disorders and children with Down syndrome and other syndromes. Finally, regarding language assessment, it should be noted that she led the Mexican Spanish version of the Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) that was used as a model for later adaptations in other Romance languages.

Discussion and conclusion

Dr Jackson-Maldonado's methodological approach combined rigour with a creative and innovative scientific spirit, yet she integrated theory and clinical practice from its very beginning. She left us an immense research and personal legacy that we want to honour in this paper.

Antecedents and objective

During morphology acquisition, children must learn to segment and associate the morphemes of a word to its meaning or grammatical function, despite the complex morphological variability children may encounter in their linguistic environment. The present study explores the ability of 9–12-month-old infants to segment a morpheme-like syllable of varying pseudowords and associate it to a novel object.

Participants and method

Thirty-nine Spanish-learning infants participated in an experiment involving a preferential looking task. During each of five training trials per category, infants were presented to one of two novel objects while simultaneously heard two instances of pseudowords with a common morpheme-like segment either at the beginning or the end of the pseudoword (e.g., /tabi/, /babi/, for object 1; or /sato/, /same/, for object 2). Children were then tested in five trials per object. The two trained objects were presented side-by-side while infants heard new pseudowords that followed the pattern of the pseudowords that were heard during training.

Results

Results show an effective association between a referent and a group of pseudowords with a repeating morpheme-like segment. This association is observed both with beginning and final segments.

Conclusions

These findings show infants’ basic abilities for the processing of morphology at an earlier age than it has been suggested. The potential influence of morphologically rich languages such as Spanish is considered.

Introduction

To use a test in a language or culture other than the original it is necessary to carry out, in addition to its adaptation, a psychometric validation. This systematic review assesses the validation studies of the voice self-report scales in Spanish.

Methods

A systematic review was performed searching ten databases. The assessment was carried out following the criteria proposed by Terwee et al. (2007) together with some specifically proposed for this study. Validation studies in Spanish of self-report voice scales published in indexed journals were included and the search was updated on February 2nd, 2023.

Results

15 studies that evaluated 12 scales were reviewed. It was verified that not all the validations were adjusted to the criteria used and that the properties to verify the metric strength of the validations were, in general, few.

Conclusions

This systematic review shows that the included studies do not report much evidence of metric quality. It should be considered that different strategies have currently been developed to obtain more and better evidence of reliability and validity. Our contribution is to reflect on the usual practice of validation of self-report scales in Spanish language. The most important weakness is the possibility of using broader and more current evaluation protocols. We also propose to continue this work, completing it with a meta-analytic study.