Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.030
W. Kreis
The initiation of callus cultures and in vitro cultivation of plant cells, even in large bioreactors, has become a routine task. Despite the fact, that permanent cell and organ cultures can produce a whole range of small natural compounds (SNAPs) used in medicine, only a few could be produced at commercial scale. However, plant cell cultures provide very useful systems to study the biosynthetic pathways leading to SNAPs at the enzyme and gene level. They turned out to be ‘a pot of gold’ for those chasing the enzymes and genes involved in natural product formation. The use of genetically modified yeast and bacteria for the production of SNAPs is an emerging technique that will take research into the coming decades. This review contemplates and revisits developments in the field of using plant cell and tissue culture as tools to elucidate SNAP formation and means to produce bioactive plant natural products over the past 40 years alongside my own work.
{"title":"Exploiting plant cell culture for natural product formation","authors":"W. Kreis","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.030","url":null,"abstract":"The initiation of callus cultures and in vitro cultivation of plant cells, even in large bioreactors, has become a routine task. Despite the fact, that permanent cell and organ cultures can produce a whole range of small natural compounds (SNAPs) used in medicine, only a few could be produced at commercial scale. However, plant cell cultures provide very useful systems to study the biosynthetic pathways leading to SNAPs at the enzyme and gene level. They turned out to be ‘a pot of gold’ for those chasing the enzymes and genes involved in natural product formation. The use of genetically modified yeast and bacteria for the production of SNAPs is an emerging technique that will take research into the coming decades. This review contemplates and revisits developments in the field of using plant cell and tissue culture as tools to elucidate SNAP formation and means to produce bioactive plant natural products over the past 40 years alongside my own work.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44405013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.033
G. Langenkämper, C. Zörb
The unique baking properties of wheat have contributed to the large variety of food products made of wheat. Wheat products are immensely popular, which is reflected in their ubiquitous consumption. Concerning wheat quality, a main challenge for intense growing strategies is to adapt wheat plants of unaltered yield and baking quality to decreased nitrogen input, which will limit unwanted nitrogen leaching into drinking water and safe resources. A probably more important challenge for wheat adaptation will be caused by global climate change. For a relative small percentage of the human population wheat grain proteins can cause a number of serious diseases including coeliac disease. Susceptible persons often have to completely avoid wheat, as well as rye and barley products. Methods for detection of gluten protein are well advanced, increasing safety for patients. Wheat breeding using traditional breeding and modern genome editing approaches are seen to be necessary to develop new wheat cultivars for adaptation to new environmental conditions caused by climate change, reduced nitrogen input and increased production efficiency, as well as reduction of disease potential. Wheat grain protein analytical methods are important, e.g. for determination of quality parameters and for decision making in breeding programmes. Aspects of protein extraction, proteomic analysis and database coverage of wheat protein sequences are discussed.
{"title":"Modern aspects of wheat grain proteins","authors":"G. Langenkämper, C. Zörb","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.033","url":null,"abstract":"The unique baking properties of wheat have contributed to the large variety of food products made of wheat. Wheat products are immensely popular, which is reflected in their ubiquitous consumption. Concerning wheat quality, a main challenge for intense growing strategies is to adapt wheat plants of unaltered yield and baking quality to decreased nitrogen input, which will limit unwanted nitrogen leaching into drinking water and safe resources. A probably more important challenge for wheat adaptation will be caused by global climate change. For a relative small percentage of the human population wheat grain proteins can cause a number of serious diseases including coeliac disease. Susceptible persons often have to completely avoid wheat, as well as rye and barley products. Methods for detection of gluten protein are well advanced, increasing safety for patients. Wheat breeding using traditional breeding and modern genome editing approaches are seen to be necessary to develop new wheat cultivars for adaptation to new environmental conditions caused by climate change, reduced nitrogen input and increased production efficiency, as well as reduction of disease potential. Wheat grain protein analytical methods are important, e.g. for determination of quality parameters and for decision making in breeding programmes. Aspects of protein extraction, proteomic analysis and database coverage of wheat protein sequences are discussed.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82323556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.031
I. Hutter, C. Schneider
Since the first experiments of Gottlieb Haberlandt (1854-1945) in the early 1900 on the in vitro cultivation of plant tissue, the fields of application have expanded from research of plant physiology to applications in breeding, molecular and microbiology and it became also an important tool for commercial plant production (Laimer and Rucker, 2003). Different fields of application and their perspectives will be discussed. Numbers of commercial micropropagation in Germany will be presented from 2004 to 2017 and possible reasons for changes investigated.
自20世纪初Gottlieb Haberlandt(1854-1945)首次对植物组织进行离体培养实验以来，应用领域从植物生理学研究扩展到育种、分子和微生物学方面的应用，并成为商业化植物生产的重要工具(Laimer and Rucker, 2003)。不同的应用领域和他们的观点将被讨论。从2004年到2017年，德国的商业微繁殖数量将被介绍，并调查变化的可能原因。
{"title":"Commercial micropropagation in Germany","authors":"I. Hutter, C. Schneider","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.031","url":null,"abstract":"Since the first experiments of Gottlieb Haberlandt (1854-1945) in the early 1900 on the in vitro cultivation of plant tissue, the fields of application have expanded from research of plant physiology to applications in breeding, molecular and microbiology and it became also an important tool for commercial plant production (Laimer and Rucker, 2003). Different fields of application and their perspectives will be discussed. Numbers of commercial micropropagation in Germany will be presented from 2004 to 2017 and possible reasons for changes investigated.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45246064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.026
H. Riegler, J. Papenbrock
This year we want to celebrate the 100th birthday of our journal, which was first published as Angewandte Botanik (= Applied Botany) in 1919. It started as journal for members of the “Vereinigung fur Angewandte Botanik (German Society for Applied Botany)” only. On a monthly basis, it delivered the newest research results in the field of applied botany as well as short communications, literature reviews and reports from scientific meetings to the German speaking research community. After a short publication hiatus in the 1940ies, society members continued to report their findings, quickly exhausting the available print pages. Throughout the years, English titles and summaries where added, making the journal accessible for a wider, non-German speaking audience. The final step into the international research community was the opening of the journal for authors, who were not society members in the 1980ies. In 2004, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Qualitatsforschung - Pflanzliche Lebensmittel (German Society for Quality Research in Plant Foods)” joined the journal due to partial overlap in their research focus, thus, making it the Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality as we know it today. The latest change happened in 2013, with the switch from a subscription based print journal to an online-only gold open access journal. This once again broadened the readership and gained the attention of even more international researchers, which nowadays make up the majority of our journal authors. The first article in "Angewandte Botanik" published in 1919 was submitted by Otto Appel, a phytopathologist well known for his discoveries on bacterial and fungal diseases of crops such as potato and cereals. His work ranged from fundamental research to applied research and reflected in his long-term membership in the board of the Association for Applied Botany. In the first contribution of this special jubilee section Hartwig Schulz and Heike Riegler report about "Otto Appel and his contributions to food quality and safety at the beginning of the 20th century" and give insights into the major challenges in phytopathology at the early years of the 20th century and discoveries by Otto Appel in this field. Maik Kleinwachter and Dirk Selmar prepared a contribution about "Modern Applied Botany - Changes in the perception of applied botanists to themselves and others during the last century. Three recent examples of the scientific potential of this field". They give a short outline on the history of applied research in plant biology in Germany and illustrate the relevance of modern Applied Botany in three relevant post-harvest processes. They state that interdisciplinary work and intensive cooperation with growers and producers is an integral part of developing feasible and economically acceptable solutions that can be successfully transferred into practice. The major challenge in Applied Botany today is the implementation of new concepts and ideas into product-related
今年我们要庆祝我们的期刊100岁生日，该杂志于1919年首次出版，名为《应用植物学》。它最初只是德国应用植物学学会(Vereinigung fur Angewandte Botanik)成员的期刊。它每月向德语研究界提供应用植物学领域的最新研究成果，以及简短的通讯、文献评论和科学会议报告。在20世纪40年代短暂的出版中断之后，协会成员继续报告他们的发现，很快耗尽了可用的印刷页面。多年来，增加了英文标题和摘要，使更多的非德语读者可以访问该期刊。进入国际研究界的最后一步是，在20世纪80年代，该杂志面向非学会成员的作者开放。2004年，德国植物性食品质量研究协会(Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Qualitatsforschung - Pflanzliche Lebensmittel)由于其研究重点部分重叠而加入该杂志，从而使其成为我们今天所知的《应用植物学与食品质量杂志》。最近的一次变化发生在2013年，从基于订阅的纸质期刊转变为仅限在线的黄金开放获取期刊。这再次扩大了读者群，并获得了更多国际研究人员的关注，这些研究人员现在构成了我们期刊作者的大多数。1919年，奥托·阿佩尔(Otto Appel)在《Angewandte Botanik》上发表了第一篇文章，他是一位植物病理学家，因发现马铃薯和谷物等作物的细菌和真菌疾病而闻名。他的工作范围从基础研究到应用研究，并反映在他长期担任应用植物学协会董事会成员。Hartwig Schulz和Heike Riegler在这个特别的周年纪念部分的第一篇文章中报道了“Otto Appel和他在20世纪初对食品质量和安全的贡献”，并对20世纪初植物病理学的主要挑战和Otto Appel在该领域的发现进行了深入的了解。Maik Kleinwachter和Dirk Selmar准备了一篇关于“现代应用植物学——上个世纪应用植物学家对自己和他人的看法的变化”的文章。这一领域的科学潜力的三个最近的例子。他们简要概述了德国植物生物学应用研究的历史，并说明了现代应用植物学在三个相关的收获后过程中的相关性。他们指出，跨学科的工作和与种植者和生产者的密切合作是制定可行和经济上可接受的解决办法的一个组成部分，这些办法可以成功地转化为实践。应用植物学目前面临的主要挑战是将新概念和新想法应用到产品相关研究中。在特殊部分的第三篇文章中，Claudia Bahmann、Thomas Rinas、Nicolas Niemenak、Elsa Hegmann、Bernward Bisping、David Seigler和Reinhard Lieberei描述了“可可豆种子测试如何控制发芽和发酵样孵化过程中的运输过程”。穆纳·阿里·阿卜杜拉(Muna Ali Abdalla)和卡尔·h·穆林(Karl H. Muhling)的贡献使我们发现了“植物衍生的含硫天然产物是对生物和非生物胁迫的反应。综述了植物次生化合物的结构多样性和药用价值，揭示了植物次生化合物在结构和功能上的多样性。在Wolfgang Kreis撰写的文章“利用植物细胞培养形成天然产物”中，我们从历史和个人的角度了解了研究人员和工业界对植物细胞培养开发的高期望。Imke Hutter和Carolin Schneider从应用现场报道了“德国商业微繁殖”的现状。在一个跨学科项目中，Jan Philipp Schuchardt, Andreas Hahn, Theresa Greupner, Paulina Wasserfurth, Maria Rosales-Lopez, Johann Hornbacher和Jutta Papenbrock在“豆科植物-种植方法和健康影响”的不同方面进行了研究。Georg Langenkamper和Christian Zorb提交了一篇关于“小麦谷物储存蛋白质的现代方面”的文章。最后，Oluwatosin Abdulsalam, Erika Kothe和Katrin Krause在“植物-真菌相互作用的寄生-中性-相互连续体”中阐明了植物与微生物的相互作用，在这种情况下是真菌。
{"title":"Editorial - 100 years Journal of Applied Botany","authors":"H. Riegler, J. Papenbrock","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.026","url":null,"abstract":"This year we want to celebrate the 100th birthday of our journal, which was first published as Angewandte Botanik (= Applied Botany) in 1919. \u0000It started as journal for members of the “Vereinigung fur Angewandte Botanik (German Society for Applied Botany)” only. On a monthly basis, it delivered the newest research results in the field of applied botany as well as short communications, literature reviews and reports from scientific meetings to the German speaking research community. After a short publication hiatus in the 1940ies, society members continued to report their findings, quickly exhausting the available print pages. Throughout the years, English titles and summaries where added, making the journal accessible for a wider, non-German speaking audience. The final step into the international research community was the opening of the journal for authors, who were not society members in the 1980ies. In 2004, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Qualitatsforschung - Pflanzliche Lebensmittel (German Society for Quality Research in Plant Foods)” joined the journal due to partial overlap in their research focus, thus, making it the Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality as we know it today. The latest change happened in 2013, with the switch from a subscription based print journal to an online-only gold open access journal. This once again broadened the readership and gained the attention of even more international researchers, which nowadays make up the majority of our journal authors. \u0000The first article in \"Angewandte Botanik\" published in 1919 was submitted by Otto Appel, a phytopathologist well known for his discoveries on bacterial and fungal diseases of crops such as potato and cereals. His work ranged from fundamental research to applied research and reflected in his long-term membership in the board of the Association for Applied Botany. In the first contribution of this special jubilee section Hartwig Schulz and Heike Riegler report about \"Otto Appel and his contributions to food quality and safety at the beginning of the 20th century\" and give insights into the major challenges in phytopathology at the early years of the 20th century and discoveries by Otto Appel in this field. Maik Kleinwachter and Dirk Selmar prepared a contribution about \"Modern Applied Botany - Changes in the perception of applied botanists to themselves and others during the last century. Three recent examples of the scientific potential of this field\". They give a short outline on the history of applied research in plant biology in Germany and illustrate the relevance of modern Applied Botany in three relevant post-harvest processes. They state that interdisciplinary work and intensive cooperation with growers and producers is an integral part of developing feasible and economically acceptable solutions that can be successfully transferred into practice. The major challenge in Applied Botany today is the implementation of new concepts and ideas into product-related","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44281678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.027
H. Schulz, H. Riegler
Otto Appel (1867-1952) is best known for his research in the field of phytopathology, in particular for his discoveries on bacterial and fungal diseases of crops such as potato and cereals. His work ranged from fundamental research, like the discovery and description of pathogens and their ways to affect their host plants, to applied research on cultivation practices and storage methods. He published numerous scientific articles as well as practical recommendations for farmers in form of flyers and pocket books with the aim to improve yield and quality and to reduce losses and, thus, securing the supply with plant based food and materials. His commitment to applied research was also reflected in his long-term membership in the boardof the Association for Applied Botany and later on in the awarding of Honorary Presidency of the Association. As director of the Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in Berlin, he was the key player in setting up an efficient and well-organized plant protection service in Germany.Otto Appel’s achievements significantly influenced agricultural practices and generally enhanced food quality and safety in Germany and beyond. They are still remembered today, when the Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft awards the Otto Appel Medal to outstanding researchers in phytomedicine every two years.
Otto Appel（1867-1952）以其在植物病理学领域的研究而闻名，特别是他对马铃薯和谷物等作物的细菌和真菌疾病的发现。他的工作范围从基础研究，如病原体及其影响宿主植物的方式的发现和描述，到栽培实践和储存方法的应用研究。他以传单和袖珍书的形式发表了许多科学文章以及对农民的实用建议，目的是提高产量和质量，减少损失，从而确保植物性食品和材料的供应。他对应用研究的承诺也体现在他长期担任应用植物学协会董事会成员，后来被授予该协会名誉主席。作为柏林联邦农业和林业生物研究中心的主任，他是在德国建立高效、组织良好的植物保护服务的关键人物。奥托·阿佩尔的成就极大地影响了德国及其他地区的农业实践，并普遍提高了食品质量和安全。德国植物医学会每两年向植物医学领域的杰出研究人员授予奥托·阿佩尔奖章，时至今日，他们仍被人们铭记。
{"title":"Otto Appel and his contributions to food quality and safety at the beginning of the 20th century","authors":"H. Schulz, H. Riegler","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.027","url":null,"abstract":"Otto Appel (1867-1952) is best known for his research in the field of phytopathology, in particular for his discoveries on bacterial and fungal diseases of crops such as potato and cereals. His work ranged from fundamental research, like the discovery and description of pathogens and their ways to affect their host plants, to applied research on cultivation practices and storage methods. He published numerous scientific articles as well as practical recommendations for farmers in form of flyers and pocket books with the aim to improve yield and quality and to reduce losses and, thus, securing the supply with plant based food and materials. His commitment to applied research was also reflected in his long-term membership in the boardof the Association for Applied Botany and later on in the awarding of Honorary Presidency of the Association. As director of the Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in Berlin, he was the key player in setting up an efficient and well-organized plant protection service in Germany.Otto Appel’s achievements significantly influenced agricultural practices and generally enhanced food quality and safety in Germany and beyond. They are still remembered today, when the Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft awards the Otto Appel Medal to outstanding researchers in phytomedicine every two years.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46461553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.034
O. Abdulsalam, E. Kothe, K. Krause
Interactions of plants with fungi are of imminent importance to crop production and thus for human nutrition. However, interactions range from pathogenic fungi, e.g. cereal rusts, to beneficial interactions with plant growth promotion through soil, endophytic or mycorrhizal fungi. Thus, mutually beneficial, neutral or parasitic/pathogenic interactions can be distinguished. In order to identify more general mechanisms on the fungal side coping with environmental and plant response associated stress, modern technologies are available including the -omics technologies. In addition to that, the comparison of the different interactions may be compared, both on a more general level, but also at very small scale to identify the different parameters guiding interchange of nutrients and signals. This will allow for a holistic view on plant health necessary to establish eco-friendly technologies also in crop protection and plant nutrition.
{"title":"The parasitic-neutral-mutual continuum of plant-fungal interactions","authors":"O. Abdulsalam, E. Kothe, K. Krause","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.034","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions of plants with fungi are of imminent importance to crop production and thus for human nutrition. However, interactions range from pathogenic fungi, e.g. cereal rusts, to beneficial interactions with plant growth promotion through soil, endophytic or mycorrhizal fungi. Thus, mutually beneficial, neutral or parasitic/pathogenic interactions can be distinguished. In order to identify more general mechanisms on the fungal side coping with environmental and plant response associated stress, modern technologies are available including the -omics technologies. In addition to that, the comparison of the different interactions may be compared, both on a more general level, but also at very small scale to identify the different parameters guiding interchange of nutrients and signals. This will allow for a holistic view on plant health necessary to establish eco-friendly technologies also in crop protection and plant nutrition.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48247805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.028
D. Selmar, M. Kleinwächter
Subsequent to a short chronicle of the history of applied research in plant biology in Germany, the relevance of modern Applied Botany is illustrated by three relevant post-harvest processes. The metabolic reactions that play a key role in the determination of quality of the related plant-derived commodities from each are presented. Increased understanding of the processes involved in these processes has facilitated improvement of product quality in the resulting products. In each instance, it has been necessary to regard plant metabolism comprehensively and not to focus on a single physiological process. Moreover, the various interactions with the environment have to be considered. These illustrations demonstrate that transfer and application of basic plant knowledge into product-related research can provide significant information that is valuable for improvement of plant-derived products. In some instances, these correlations can even account for traditional and well-established processes, as illustrated for the malting process. However, interdisciplinary work and intensive cooperation with growers and producers must be an integral part of developing feasible and economically acceptable solutions that can be transferred into practice. Ultimately, the major challenge in Applied Botany today is the implementation of new concepts and ideas into product-related research. In consequence, modern Applied Botany acts as a mediator between basic plant science and industrial, product-related research.
{"title":"Modern Applied Botany: Changes in the perception of applied botanists to themselves and others during the last century.","authors":"D. Selmar, M. Kleinwächter","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.028","url":null,"abstract":"Subsequent to a short chronicle of the history of applied research in plant biology in Germany, the relevance of modern Applied Botany is illustrated by three relevant post-harvest processes. The metabolic reactions that play a key role in the determination of quality of the related plant-derived commodities from each are presented. Increased understanding of the processes involved in these processes has facilitated improvement of product quality in the resulting products. In each instance, it has been necessary to regard plant metabolism comprehensively and not to focus on a single physiological process. Moreover, the various interactions with the environment have to be considered. These illustrations demonstrate that transfer and application of basic plant knowledge into product-related research can provide significant information that is valuable for improvement of plant-derived products. In some instances, these correlations can even account for traditional and well-established processes, as illustrated for the malting process. However, interdisciplinary work and intensive cooperation with growers and producers must be an integral part of developing feasible and economically acceptable solutions that can be transferred into practice. Ultimately, the major challenge in Applied Botany today is the implementation of new concepts and ideas into product-related research. In consequence, modern Applied Botany acts as a mediator between basic plant science and industrial, product-related research.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48285826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-11DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.029
M. A. Abdalla, Karl H. Mühling
Plant-derived sulfur-containing secondary metabolites constitute a small group of low-molecular weight natural products, which play a vital role in plant-pest interactions in numerous plant families andrepresent major defense molecules in the Asteraceae, Alliaceae, and Brassicaceae families. In this review we highlight the crucial role of environmental stress factors in the production of S-containing secondary metabolites. Furthermore, we describe a serendipitous variety of plant-derived sulfur-containing natural products produced or induced under biotic and abiotic stress and their structural diversity, promising pharmacological properties for use by humans, and beneficial effects for plants. Specifically, cruciferous phytoalexins are known as elicit plant defense molecules. Glucosinolates are candidates for tumorpreventive effects. Cysteine sulfoxides found in garlic are considered as profound antimicrobial agents. In this review, we discuss types of S bonds in the molecules and their relevance for the medicinal effect as well as the biological activities of sulfur-containing secondary metabolites and possible future avenues.
{"title":"Plant-derived sulfur containing natural products produced as a response to biotic and abiotic stresses: A review of their structural diversity and medicinal importance","authors":"M. A. Abdalla, Karl H. Mühling","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.029","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-derived sulfur-containing secondary metabolites constitute a small group of low-molecular weight natural products, which play a vital role in plant-pest interactions in numerous plant families andrepresent major defense molecules in the Asteraceae, Alliaceae, and Brassicaceae families. In this review we highlight the crucial role of environmental stress factors in the production of S-containing secondary metabolites. Furthermore, we describe a serendipitous variety of plant-derived sulfur-containing natural products produced or induced under biotic and abiotic stress and their structural diversity, promising pharmacological properties for use by humans, and beneficial effects for plants. Specifically, cruciferous phytoalexins are known as elicit plant defense molecules. Glucosinolates are candidates for tumorpreventive effects. Cysteine sulfoxides found in garlic are considered as profound antimicrobial agents. In this review, we discuss types of S bonds in the molecules and their relevance for the medicinal effect as well as the biological activities of sulfur-containing secondary metabolites and possible future avenues.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45075510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.024
A. Muscolo, M. Panuccio, Zhair Zhair, S. Mahmood, S. Nadeem
In the current agricultural model, the increasing soil salinity, especially in arid and semiarid regions, causes environmental and economic losses. Inoculation of plant with growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be a sustainable strategy to increase plant abiotic stress tolerance mainly in the early vulnerable stage of their growth. The efficiency of PGPR inoculation was evaluated in three Italian lentil accessions and two Pakistan native varieties differing in salinity tolerance. Pseudomonas putida (6), Pseudomonas fluorescens (6K) and Serratia ficaria (W10) were used as bio-inoculants. Seedling growth was detected 16 days after NaCl treatments. Results showed that in absence of salinity, all strains increased differently the growth of lentils compared to the un-inoculated ones. Inoculum significantly increased the growth of the most salt sensitive in comparison to the most salt resistant varieties. 6 and 6K were the most effective growth-inducers under salinity stress. A specificity between PGPR and lentil was evident. 6K mostly improved biomass and growth of the Italian accessions, while the strain 6 mostly affected the Pakistan landraces.
{"title":"Use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to ameliorate the performance of lentil under salinity","authors":"A. Muscolo, M. Panuccio, Zhair Zhair, S. Mahmood, S. Nadeem","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.024","url":null,"abstract":"In the current agricultural model, the increasing soil salinity, especially in arid and semiarid regions, causes environmental and economic losses. Inoculation of plant with growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be a sustainable strategy to increase plant abiotic stress tolerance mainly in the early vulnerable stage of their growth. The efficiency of PGPR inoculation was evaluated in three Italian lentil accessions and two Pakistan native varieties differing in salinity tolerance. Pseudomonas putida (6), Pseudomonas fluorescens (6K) and Serratia ficaria (W10) were used as bio-inoculants. Seedling growth was detected 16 days after NaCl treatments. Results showed that in absence of salinity, all strains increased differently the growth of lentils compared to the un-inoculated ones. Inoculum significantly increased the growth of the most salt sensitive in comparison to the most salt resistant varieties. 6 and 6K were the most effective growth-inducers under salinity stress. A specificity between PGPR and lentil was evident. 6K mostly improved biomass and growth of the Italian accessions, while the strain 6 mostly affected the Pakistan landraces.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47082492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.023
Sang-mo Kang, M. Hamayun, M. Khan, A. Iqbal, In-Jung Lee
In the present study, we have isolated rhizospheric bacteria JW1 from rice paddy in Andong, South Korea. The culture filtrate (CF) analysis of JW1 showed higher contents of gibberellins GA1, GA4, GA7, organic acids, fatty acids and tricalcium phosphates. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogentic analysis revealed that thestrain JW1 has a 99% homology with Bacillus subtilis sequences from BLAST search.The growth promotion capability of the strain JW1 was initially assessed on Waito-C and Whayoung-beyo rice cultivars, which improved the growth attributes of the rice cultivars. Similarly, a significant increase in plant height, biomass, chlorophyll contents and nutrient uptake have been noticed, when the Chinese cabbage was treated with JW1 strain. From the results, it is concluded that the integrative use of B. subtilis JW1 can promote plant growthby secreting bioactive compounds. Therefore, B. subtilis JW1 may be utilized as an eco-friendly bio-fertilizer in the agricultural fields after successful field trials.
{"title":"Bacillus subtilis JW1 enhances plant growth and nutrient uptake of Chinese cabbage through gibberellins secretion","authors":"Sang-mo Kang, M. Hamayun, M. Khan, A. Iqbal, In-Jung Lee","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.023","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we have isolated rhizospheric bacteria JW1 from rice paddy in Andong, South Korea. The culture filtrate (CF) analysis of JW1 showed higher contents of gibberellins GA1, GA4, GA7, organic acids, fatty acids and tricalcium phosphates. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogentic analysis revealed that thestrain JW1 has a 99% homology with Bacillus subtilis sequences from BLAST search.The growth promotion capability of the strain JW1 was initially assessed on Waito-C and Whayoung-beyo rice cultivars, which improved the growth attributes of the rice cultivars. Similarly, a significant increase in plant height, biomass, chlorophyll contents and nutrient uptake have been noticed, when the Chinese cabbage was treated with JW1 strain. From the results, it is concluded that the integrative use of B. subtilis JW1 can promote plant growthby secreting bioactive compounds. Therefore, B. subtilis JW1 may be utilized as an eco-friendly bio-fertilizer in the agricultural fields after successful field trials.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45687046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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