Pub Date : 2019-04-11DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.012
S. Avcı, M. Tuna, M. Kaya
This study aimed to induce autotetraploidy in endemic Onobrychis elata plants by colchicine treatment of seeds or seedlings. Colchicine was applied to O. elata directly on germinated seeds, pre-germinated seeds (root length of 3-8 mm), and apical regions (using cotton) under in vivo conditions. Out of a total of 1,210 colchicine-treated seeds that were evaluated, only 203 survived. There was an inverse relationship between the number of surviving plants and colchicine concentration and exposure time. The highest percentage of tetraploidy in surviving plants (50%) was obtained by applying 0.2% colchicine for 6 hours to pre-germinated seeds. No significant tetraploidy was achieved by colchicine application to seedlings. Flow cytometry observations indicated that DNA content varied between 0.99 and 1.06 pg in diploid plants (controls), while DNA content varied between 2.22 and 2.48 pg in tetraploid plants. It was concluded that tetraploid plants were induced successfully only in seedlings obtained from pre-germinated seeds, with their ploidy level confirmed via flow cytometry analysis.
{"title":"Autotetraploid plant production in endemic Onobrychis elata with colchicine treatments","authors":"S. Avcı, M. Tuna, M. Kaya","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.012","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to induce autotetraploidy in endemic Onobrychis elata plants by colchicine treatment of seeds or seedlings. Colchicine was applied to O. elata directly on germinated seeds, pre-germinated seeds (root length of 3-8 mm), and apical regions (using cotton) under in vivo conditions. Out of a total of 1,210 colchicine-treated seeds that were evaluated, only 203 survived. There was an inverse relationship between the number of surviving plants and colchicine concentration and exposure time. The highest percentage of tetraploidy in surviving plants (50%) was obtained by applying 0.2% colchicine for 6 hours to pre-germinated seeds. No significant tetraploidy was achieved by colchicine application to seedlings. Flow cytometry observations indicated that DNA content varied between 0.99 and 1.06 pg in diploid plants (controls), while DNA content varied between 2.22 and 2.48 pg in tetraploid plants. It was concluded that tetraploid plants were induced successfully only in seedlings obtained from pre-germinated seeds, with their ploidy level confirmed via flow cytometry analysis.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"92 1","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45553914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-11DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.013
Ariel Villalobos Olivera, M. Arguedas, D. Escalante, Julia Martínez, B. Zevallos, I. Cejas, L. Yabor, Marcos Edel Martínez-Montero, S. Sershen, J. Feijoo
Climate change poses risks to both wild and crop plant biodiversity, which can be mitigated by cryopreservation (usually at -196 °C in liquid nitrogen [LN]) of crop germplasm. Cryopreservation is widely regarded as a reliable method for the ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources but its effects on subsequent field performance of popular crop species such as sorghum are largely unknown. This hampers the large-scale implementation (i.e. germplasm banks) of cryostorage for such species. This short communication describes the early stages of germination and field performance of plants derived from cryopreserved sorghum seed. Compared with the control, cryopreservation significantly increased seed electrolyte leakage and from 24 to 120 hours, percentage of germination of the control was ~2.6 folds higher than cryopreserved seeds. At 0 days, chlorophyll a/b rate was ~1.7 folds higher in the control and at 7 and 14 days, chlorophyll a level (~1.5 folds) and chlorophyll a/b rate (~1.8-1.9 folds) were higher in the control. Contrastingly, at 7 days, seedlings derived from cryopreserved seeds (treatment seedlings) showed ~1.5 folds more superoxide dismutase activity and ~1.9 folds more peroxidase activity. In contrast, treatment and control adult plants were statistically comparable in terms of chlorophylls, proteins, superoxide and peroxidase activities, plant architecture, and yield components. The fact that differences in biochemical indicators observed between control and treatment seedlings did not persist in adult plants validates the use of seed cryopreservation for the conservation of sorghum genetic resources.
{"title":"Cryopreservation of sorghum seeds modifies germination and seedling growth but not field performance of adult plants","authors":"Ariel Villalobos Olivera, M. Arguedas, D. Escalante, Julia Martínez, B. Zevallos, I. Cejas, L. Yabor, Marcos Edel Martínez-Montero, S. Sershen, J. Feijoo","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.013","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change poses risks to both wild and crop plant biodiversity, which can be mitigated by cryopreservation (usually at -196 °C in liquid nitrogen [LN]) of crop germplasm. Cryopreservation is widely regarded as a reliable method for the ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources but its effects on subsequent field performance of popular crop species such as sorghum are largely unknown. This hampers the large-scale implementation (i.e. germplasm banks) of cryostorage for such species. This short communication describes the early stages of germination and field performance of plants derived from cryopreserved sorghum seed. Compared with the control, cryopreservation significantly increased seed electrolyte leakage and from 24 to 120 hours, percentage of germination of the control was ~2.6 folds higher than cryopreserved seeds. At 0 days, chlorophyll a/b rate was ~1.7 folds higher in the control and at 7 and 14 days, chlorophyll a level (~1.5 folds) and chlorophyll a/b rate (~1.8-1.9 folds) were higher in the control. Contrastingly, at 7 days, seedlings derived from cryopreserved seeds (treatment seedlings) showed ~1.5 folds more superoxide dismutase activity and ~1.9 folds more peroxidase activity. In contrast, treatment and control adult plants were statistically comparable in terms of chlorophylls, proteins, superoxide and peroxidase activities, plant architecture, and yield components. The fact that differences in biochemical indicators observed between control and treatment seedlings did not persist in adult plants validates the use of seed cryopreservation for the conservation of sorghum genetic resources.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"92 1","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45833097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-22DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.011
E. Németh-Zámboriné, K. Seidler-Łożykowska, K. Szabó
The quality of the drug of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is influenced by several factors, among which the effect of ontogenesis has practically not been studied before. Five varieties (‘Lorelei’, ‘Lemona’, ‘Quedlinburger Niederliegende,’, ‘Gold Leaf’, ‘Soroksar’) were sampled at vegetative, budding, full flowering and after flowering phases at two locations (Budapest and Poznan) and their dried leaves analysed.The accumulation of volatile compounds showed maximum values (0.08-0.46 ml/100 g dry weight) in budding phase (Budapest) or during flowering (Poznan). The content of total phenolics was highest (226-431 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight) in vegetative stage and in some cases similar values were measured until budding. After a sharp decrease at flowering time in several cases, a second peak was detected at the end of the vegetation period. Similarly to the total phenolics, also the total flavonoid content reached the highest level (0.239-1.152% dry weight) at the first half of the vegetation period however, with characteristic differences between habitats.In cultivation, the highest essential oil content may be reached later than highest polyphenol content, however harvesting at budding time may assure a good quality from both aspects with advantageous fresh and drug yields. The described dynamics of the accumulation of the investigated secondary metabolites was depending more on the habitat and less from the cultivar.
{"title":"Effect of harvest date on yield and secondary compounds of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.)","authors":"E. Németh-Zámboriné, K. Seidler-Łożykowska, K. Szabó","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.011","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of the drug of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is influenced by several factors, among which the effect of ontogenesis has practically not been studied before. Five varieties (‘Lorelei’, ‘Lemona’, ‘Quedlinburger Niederliegende,’, ‘Gold Leaf’, ‘Soroksar’) were sampled at vegetative, budding, full flowering and after flowering phases at two locations (Budapest and Poznan) and their dried leaves analysed.The accumulation of volatile compounds showed maximum values (0.08-0.46 ml/100 g dry weight) in budding phase (Budapest) or during flowering (Poznan). The content of total phenolics was highest (226-431 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight) in vegetative stage and in some cases similar values were measured until budding. After a sharp decrease at flowering time in several cases, a second peak was detected at the end of the vegetation period. Similarly to the total phenolics, also the total flavonoid content reached the highest level (0.239-1.152% dry weight) at the first half of the vegetation period however, with characteristic differences between habitats.In cultivation, the highest essential oil content may be reached later than highest polyphenol content, however harvesting at budding time may assure a good quality from both aspects with advantageous fresh and drug yields. The described dynamics of the accumulation of the investigated secondary metabolites was depending more on the habitat and less from the cultivar.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"92 1","pages":"81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46776596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-19DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.010
Tehseen Gull, B. Sultana, F. Anwar, W. Nouman, E. Rosa, R. Domínguez‐Perles
HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn analysis of different parts such as stem bark, shoot, flower, fruit and root of Capparis spinosa (C. spinosa) and Capparis decidua (C. decidua), collected in rainy and dry seasons from the Cholistan desert of Pakistan, depicted the occurrence of a wide array of phenolics with quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol derivatives along with dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeoylquinic acid and feruloylquinic acid as the main compounds. Kaempferol-3-glucoside (28.02-167.21 μg g-1dw) was found to be the principal component in all tested parts of both species while dicaffeoylquinic acid was detected only in the flowers and roots. The roots exhibited maximum contents of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The harvesting period significantly (p<0.05) affected the concentration of phenolics wherein the samples collected in rainy season offered greater levels of phenolics than their counterpart. The roots and fruits of both species were found to be rich sources of phenolics. The findings of this research suggest the harvesting of the selected wild Capparis species in rainy season to maximize their antioxidant and nutraceutical benefits.
{"title":"HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn profiling of polyphenolics in different parts of Capparis spinosa and Capparis decidua as function of harvesting seasons","authors":"Tehseen Gull, B. Sultana, F. Anwar, W. Nouman, E. Rosa, R. Domínguez‐Perles","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.010","url":null,"abstract":"HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn analysis of different parts such as stem bark, shoot, flower, fruit and root of Capparis spinosa (C. spinosa) and Capparis decidua (C. decidua), collected in rainy and dry seasons from the Cholistan desert of Pakistan, depicted the occurrence of a wide array of phenolics with quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol derivatives along with dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeoylquinic acid and feruloylquinic acid as the main compounds. Kaempferol-3-glucoside (28.02-167.21 μg g-1dw) was found to be the principal component in all tested parts of both species while dicaffeoylquinic acid was detected only in the flowers and roots. The roots exhibited maximum contents of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The harvesting period significantly (p<0.05) affected the concentration of phenolics wherein the samples collected in rainy season offered greater levels of phenolics than their counterpart. The roots and fruits of both species were found to be rich sources of phenolics. The findings of this research suggest the harvesting of the selected wild Capparis species in rainy season to maximize their antioxidant and nutraceutical benefits.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"92 1","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48146289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.006
V. Kirillov, T. Stikhareva, G. Atazhanova, A. Makubayeva, M. Serafimovich, S. Kabanova, A. Rakhimzhanov, S. M. Adekenov
Fragaria viridis Weston essential oils from leaves and fruits were obtained by hydrodistillation. The composition of the essential oil from leaves and fruits was analyzed by GC-MS. 39 components were identified in leaves oil representing 67.3-80.7% of the oil composition. The main components of the essential oil from leaves of F. viridis Weston were β-linalool (0.8-8.9%), n-nonanal (0.5-8.6%), tetradecanal (2.1-5.9%), nerolidol (2.1-4.8%), an unidentified component (1.9-6.6%), α-bisabolol (0.8-6.7%), phytol (18.4-47.4%), an unidentified component (0.9-8.2%) depending on the growth conditions. The fruit oil was composed of 34 compounds representing 42.0-70.7% of the total composition of the oil. The main components of the essential oil from fruits of F. viridis Weston were m/p-xylene (2.4-14.0%), isoledene (4.7-8.5%), methyleugenol (3.3-8.4%), α-cedrene (2.5-3.9%), an unidentified component (3.4-9.1%), α-muurolene (6.8-11.3%), nerolidol (1.1-4.8%), α-cedrol (1.7-8.0%), α-bisabolol (2.3-5.0%), an unidentified component (0-25.6%) depending on the growth conditions. This is the first report of the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and fruits of green strawberry (Fragaria viridis Weston).
{"title":"Composition of essential oil of leaves and fruits of green strawberry (Fragaria viridis Weston) growing wild in Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"V. Kirillov, T. Stikhareva, G. Atazhanova, A. Makubayeva, M. Serafimovich, S. Kabanova, A. Rakhimzhanov, S. M. Adekenov","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.006","url":null,"abstract":"Fragaria viridis Weston essential oils from leaves and fruits were obtained by hydrodistillation. The composition of the essential oil from leaves and fruits was analyzed by GC-MS. 39 components were identified in leaves oil representing 67.3-80.7% of the oil composition. The main components of the essential oil from leaves of F. viridis Weston were β-linalool (0.8-8.9%), n-nonanal (0.5-8.6%), tetradecanal (2.1-5.9%), nerolidol (2.1-4.8%), an unidentified component (1.9-6.6%), α-bisabolol (0.8-6.7%), phytol (18.4-47.4%), an unidentified component (0.9-8.2%) depending on the growth conditions. The fruit oil was composed of 34 compounds representing 42.0-70.7% of the total composition of the oil. The main components of the essential oil from fruits of F. viridis Weston were m/p-xylene (2.4-14.0%), isoledene (4.7-8.5%), methyleugenol (3.3-8.4%), α-cedrene (2.5-3.9%), an unidentified component (3.4-9.1%), α-muurolene (6.8-11.3%), nerolidol (1.1-4.8%), α-cedrol (1.7-8.0%), α-bisabolol (2.3-5.0%), an unidentified component (0-25.6%) depending on the growth conditions. This is the first report of the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and fruits of green strawberry (Fragaria viridis Weston).","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"92 1","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45356562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.007
R. Kamlah, I. Pinker, S. Plaschil, K. Olbricht
Pelargonium acetosum L’Her. is a wild species from South Africa with decorative bluish foliage. Only few reports describe crossings between P. acetosum and P. peltatum L’Her. (or P. ×peltatum). Therefore, information about hybridization barriers is limited. In this study, two different genotypes of Pelargonium acetosum (AC1 and AC2) were crossed with the diploid P. ×peltatum ‘Tornado Fuchsia’ (PTF). Embryos and F1 hybrids from the combination AC1 × PTF were hampered by chlorophyll deficiencies. Embryos and seeds of the combination AC2 × PTF were underdeveloped. The reciprocal combination PTF × AC1 did not show any fruit set. The combination PTF × AC2 resulted in low numbers of seeds, which were normally developed. Hybrids from seeds were only obtained from the combinations AC1 × PTF and PTF × AC2. Embryo rescue of the combinations AC1 × PTF and AC2 × PTF resulted in few but viable hybrids. Flowers of all hybrids had shrivelled anthers and proved to be sterile. The occurrence of most hybridization barriers varied strongly between the different combinations and depended on both the genotype and the direction of cross-breeding. The bluish leaf colour did not appear among the F1. To overcome hybrid sterility a polyploidization is suggested.
{"title":"Hybridization between Pelargonium acetosum L’Hér. and Pelargonium xpeltatum","authors":"R. Kamlah, I. Pinker, S. Plaschil, K. Olbricht","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.007","url":null,"abstract":"Pelargonium acetosum L’Her. is a wild species from South Africa with decorative bluish foliage. Only few reports describe crossings between P. acetosum and P. peltatum L’Her. (or P. ×peltatum). Therefore, information about hybridization barriers is limited. In this study, two different genotypes of Pelargonium acetosum (AC1 and AC2) were crossed with the diploid P. ×peltatum ‘Tornado Fuchsia’ (PTF). Embryos and F1 hybrids from the combination AC1 × PTF were hampered by chlorophyll deficiencies. Embryos and seeds of the combination AC2 × PTF were underdeveloped. The reciprocal combination PTF × AC1 did not show any fruit set. The combination PTF × AC2 resulted in low numbers of seeds, which were normally developed. Hybrids from seeds were only obtained from the combinations AC1 × PTF and PTF × AC2. Embryo rescue of the combinations AC1 × PTF and AC2 × PTF resulted in few but viable hybrids. Flowers of all hybrids had shrivelled anthers and proved to be sterile. The occurrence of most hybridization barriers varied strongly between the different combinations and depended on both the genotype and the direction of cross-breeding. The bluish leaf colour did not appear among the F1. To overcome hybrid sterility a polyploidization is suggested.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"64 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77175958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.008
Keying Su, Xinliang Mao, Li Ai, Xuewu Zhang
The contributions of four kinds of dark tea (Camellia sinensis L.) proteins and their hydrolysates to hypoglycemic activity were investigated in vitro. Four kinds of water-extracted dark tea proteins were hydrolyzed with trypsin and Alcalase, respectively. The complete proteins had α-amylase inhibitory activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 1.27 to 2.78 mg/mL. Most of the dark tea proteins and hydrolysates significantly inhibited α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV), with IC50 values in the range of 0.0103-1.3114 mg/mL and 0.1000-1.3364 mg/mL, respectively. In general, Heimaojian (HMJ) and Qianliang (QL) hydrolysates displayed high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while HMJ, Fuzhuan (FZ), and Heizhuan (HZ) hydrolysates exhibited a strong ability to inhibit DPP-IV. This study demonstrates the potential of dark tea proteins and their hydrolysates as a source of functional food and medicine for the control of type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"In vitro assessment of anti-diabetic potential of 4 kinds of dark tea (Camellia sinensis L.) protein hydrolysates","authors":"Keying Su, Xinliang Mao, Li Ai, Xuewu Zhang","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.008","url":null,"abstract":"The contributions of four kinds of dark tea (Camellia sinensis L.) proteins and their hydrolysates to hypoglycemic activity were investigated in vitro. Four kinds of water-extracted dark tea proteins were hydrolyzed with trypsin and Alcalase, respectively. The complete proteins had α-amylase inhibitory activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 1.27 to 2.78 mg/mL. Most of the dark tea proteins and hydrolysates significantly inhibited α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV), with IC50 values in the range of 0.0103-1.3114 mg/mL and 0.1000-1.3364 mg/mL, respectively. In general, Heimaojian (HMJ) and Qianliang (QL) hydrolysates displayed high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while HMJ, Fuzhuan (FZ), and Heizhuan (HZ) hydrolysates exhibited a strong ability to inhibit DPP-IV. This study demonstrates the potential of dark tea proteins and their hydrolysates as a source of functional food and medicine for the control of type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"92 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48141515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.009
B. Kordan, Marta Skrajda, M. Tańska, I. Konopka, R. Cabaj, D. Załuski
The impact of certain groups of polyphenolic (phenolic acids and alkylresorcinols) and lipophilic compounds (total lipids, fatty acids, sterols, tocols and carotenoids) on susceptibility of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels to Sitophilus granarius infestation was studied. In the experiments, six cultivars of spring wheat with comparable protein content, endosperm hardness and overall technological quality were used. Twenty grams of grain were infested by 10 pairs of beetles and stored for one week or eight weeks at 28±2°C and relative humidity of 60%. The intensity of growth and feeding of S. granarius varied significantly in the used cultivars. The antixenosis effect of the studied grain chemicals, observed after one week of infestation, was the lowest for Łagwa cv., which was characterized by the highest total lipid and sterol contents. Other cultivars showed a similar antixenosis effect. For antibiosis effect, the most attractive for S. granarius infestation was Ostka Smolicka cv., which was characterized by the lowest content of total phenolic acids. In contrast, the highest antibiosis effect was found for Arabella and Izera cvs. with the lowest values of sterol content and average values of other determined phytochemicals.
{"title":"Phenolic and lipophilic compounds of wheat grain as factors affecting susceptibility to infestation by granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.)","authors":"B. Kordan, Marta Skrajda, M. Tańska, I. Konopka, R. Cabaj, D. Załuski","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.009","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of certain groups of polyphenolic (phenolic acids and alkylresorcinols) and lipophilic compounds (total lipids, fatty acids, sterols, tocols and carotenoids) on susceptibility of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels to Sitophilus granarius infestation was studied. In the experiments, six cultivars of spring wheat with comparable protein content, endosperm hardness and overall technological quality were used. Twenty grams of grain were infested by 10 pairs of beetles and stored for one week or eight weeks at 28±2°C and relative humidity of 60%. The intensity of growth and feeding of S. granarius varied significantly in the used cultivars. The antixenosis effect of the studied grain chemicals, observed after one week of infestation, was the lowest for Łagwa cv., which was characterized by the highest total lipid and sterol contents. Other cultivars showed a similar antixenosis effect. For antibiosis effect, the most attractive for S. granarius infestation was Ostka Smolicka cv., which was characterized by the lowest content of total phenolic acids. In contrast, the highest antibiosis effect was found for Arabella and Izera cvs. with the lowest values of sterol content and average values of other determined phytochemicals.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"92 1","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41424299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.005
J. Frigerio, Tommaso Gorini, A. Galimberti, I. Bruni, N. Tommasi, V. Mezzasalma, M. Labra
The global market of food supplements is growing, along with consumers demand for high-quality herbal products. Nevertheless, substitution fraud, and adulteration cases remain a common safety problem of global concern. In the last years, the DNA barcoding approach has been proposed as a valid identification method and it is now commonly used in the authentication of herbal and food products. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether DNA barcoding can be applied to trace the plant species from the starting raw material to the finished commercial products. We selected a panel of 28 phytoextracts obtained through three different extraction methods (i.e., maceration, percolation and sonication) with different solvents (i.e., ethanol, deionized water and glycerol). Furthermore, we chose six plant species for which we collected and analysed all the intermediates of the industrial production. We sequenced and analyzed the sequence variability at DNA barcoding (psbA-trnH, ITS) and minibarcoding (rbcL 1-B) marker regions. Phytoextracts obtained through hydroalcoholic treatment, with the lower percentage of ethanol (<40%), and aqueous processing, at the lowest temperature, had major rate of sequencing and identification success. This study proves that DNA barcoding is a useful tool for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) traceability, which would provide consumers with safe and high-quality herbal products.
{"title":"DNA barcoding to trace medicinal and aromatic plants from the field to the food supplement","authors":"J. Frigerio, Tommaso Gorini, A. Galimberti, I. Bruni, N. Tommasi, V. Mezzasalma, M. Labra","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.005","url":null,"abstract":"The global market of food supplements is growing, along with consumers demand for high-quality herbal products. Nevertheless, substitution fraud, and adulteration cases remain a common safety problem of global concern. In the last years, the DNA barcoding approach has been proposed as a valid identification method and it is now commonly used in the authentication of herbal and food products. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether DNA barcoding can be applied to trace the plant species from the starting raw material to the finished commercial products. We selected a panel of 28 phytoextracts obtained through three different extraction methods (i.e., maceration, percolation and sonication) with different solvents (i.e., ethanol, deionized water and glycerol). Furthermore, we chose six plant species for which we collected and analysed all the intermediates of the industrial production. We sequenced and analyzed the sequence variability at DNA barcoding (psbA-trnH, ITS) and minibarcoding (rbcL 1-B) marker regions. Phytoextracts obtained through hydroalcoholic treatment, with the lower percentage of ethanol (<40%), and aqueous processing, at the lowest temperature, had major rate of sequencing and identification success. This study proves that DNA barcoding is a useful tool for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) traceability, which would provide consumers with safe and high-quality herbal products.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"92 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42717350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.004
Vahid Tavallali, Samira Jandoust, Abazar Ashtari Mehrjerdi
Decent taste and the salt and drought tolerance of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) make it a potential vegetable crop for the future. This study investigates the effects of foliar application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a new plant growth regulator, on the growth, mineral composition, and bioactive compounds of purslane. Three different levels of 5-ALA (0, 25 and 50 mg L-1) were sprayed at 1) two leaved stage and 2) upon the onset of inflorescence appearance on purslane seedlings. Results showed that 5-ALA application enhanced biomass accumulation in the plant shoot and increased shoot length. Concentration of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, zinc and iron increased in the shoots of 5-ALA treated plants, while the calcium concentration remained unaffected. Phenolic compounds of the plant were catechin, chlorogenic acid, and ellagic acid, with catechin being the main compound. Further on, Trans-ferulic acid, hesperedin and eugenol were detected in the extract of 5-ALA-treated plants. Application of 5-ALA also increased fatty acids in the plant leaves. Total phenolics, ascorbic acid contents and antioxidative activity of shoot were increased in the 5-ALA-treated plants. Moreover, pH of root exudates of the plants was decreased in 5-ALA treated plants. The results revealed that exogenous 5-ALA has growth regulatory effects and can enhance the growth, and improve nutritional quality and pharmaceutical properties of P. oleracea. In this regard, the best results were obtained by application of 50 mg 5-ALA L-1.
{"title":"Foliar application of 5-aminolevulinic acid to promote bioactive potential and nutritional value of purslane, a vegetable for future","authors":"Vahid Tavallali, Samira Jandoust, Abazar Ashtari Mehrjerdi","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.004","url":null,"abstract":"Decent taste and the salt and drought tolerance of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) make it a potential vegetable crop for the future. This study investigates the effects of foliar application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a new plant growth regulator, on the growth, mineral composition, and bioactive compounds of purslane. Three different levels of 5-ALA (0, 25 and 50 mg L-1) were sprayed at 1) two leaved stage and 2) upon the onset of inflorescence appearance on purslane seedlings. Results showed that 5-ALA application enhanced biomass accumulation in the plant shoot and increased shoot length. Concentration of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, zinc and iron increased in the shoots of 5-ALA treated plants, while the calcium concentration remained unaffected. Phenolic compounds of the plant were catechin, chlorogenic acid, and ellagic acid, with catechin being the main compound. Further on, Trans-ferulic acid, hesperedin and eugenol were detected in the extract of 5-ALA-treated plants. Application of 5-ALA also increased fatty acids in the plant leaves. Total phenolics, ascorbic acid contents and antioxidative activity of shoot were increased in the 5-ALA-treated plants. Moreover, pH of root exudates of the plants was decreased in 5-ALA treated plants. The results revealed that exogenous 5-ALA has growth regulatory effects and can enhance the growth, and improve nutritional quality and pharmaceutical properties of P. oleracea. In this regard, the best results were obtained by application of 50 mg 5-ALA L-1.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":"92 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45696776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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