Pub Date : 2017-10-06DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.038
P. Velásquez, Karina Rodriguez, M. Retamal, A. Giordano, Loreto M. Valenzuela, G. Montenegro
Harvested bee pollen is valuable for its nutritional value and healthy properties. This work relates the botanical origin of sixteen bee pollens from Chile with their phenolic, protein and carotenoid content, and antioxidant/antibacterial activities. Our results showed that the chemical properties of different bee pollens are associated with the plant’ species from which each one was derived from. Some correlations between chemical properties and botanical origin were observed. Bee pollen showed between 20.0- 30.4% protein, 2.8-50.2 mg/kg carotenoids, 22.8-918.4 mg/kg phenolics, and 4.51-91.19 mmol Fe+2/kg pollen. Antibacterial activity was observed against all bacteria assayed even surpassing the activity of traditional antibiotics. Brassica sp. and Galega officinalis are an abundant source of antioxidants and antibacterial compounds. Other species such as those derived from fruit and endemic plants from Chile, although they occur less frequently, are also good source of these compounds. Some correlations between botanical origin and chemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties were observed. Knowing the influence of plant species over the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of bee pollen, will allow selecting the best location for honeycombs and will allow beekeepers to differentiate and add value to their products.
{"title":"Relation between composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities and botanical origin of multifloral bee pollen","authors":"P. Velásquez, Karina Rodriguez, M. Retamal, A. Giordano, Loreto M. Valenzuela, G. Montenegro","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.038","url":null,"abstract":"Harvested bee pollen is valuable for its nutritional value and healthy properties. This work relates the botanical origin of sixteen bee pollens from Chile with their phenolic, protein and carotenoid content, and antioxidant/antibacterial activities. Our results showed that the chemical properties of different bee pollens are associated with the plant’ species from which each one was derived from. Some correlations between chemical properties and botanical origin were observed. Bee pollen showed between 20.0- 30.4% protein, 2.8-50.2 mg/kg carotenoids, 22.8-918.4 mg/kg phenolics, and 4.51-91.19 mmol Fe+2/kg pollen. Antibacterial activity was observed against all bacteria assayed even surpassing the activity of traditional antibiotics. Brassica sp. and Galega officinalis are an abundant source of antioxidants and antibacterial compounds. Other species such as those derived from fruit and endemic plants from Chile, although they occur less frequently, are also good source of these compounds. Some correlations between botanical origin and chemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties were observed. Knowing the influence of plant species over the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of bee pollen, will allow selecting the best location for honeycombs and will allow beekeepers to differentiate and add value to their products.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41911856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-05DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.037
Yifan Gao, J. Lv, Jia Feng, QI Liu, S. Xie
Microalgae have attracted much more attentions for their roles in biofuel exploration recently. In this report, one oil-rich microalgal strain (TY02) was isolated from the lawn soil in a park, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, and the morphology and phylogeny characters of the strain was systematically analyzed. Observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent microscopy, the lipid bodies were observed clearly. After extracting the total lipid by chloroform-methanol method, the fatty acid content and composition of the lipid bodies in the strain were detected and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that the total lipid content of TY02 was 33.27 ± 1.13%, among the total 7 kinds of fatty acids identified in TY02, the major constituents are C16 and C18 fatty acids, which taking up to 88.15%. Moreover, the predominant fatty acids were Hexadecanoic acid (C16: 0), 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (C18: 2) and 9, 12, 15-Octade mcatrienoic acid (C18: 3). Based on the molecular markers of 18S rDNA, rbcL and ITS genes, phylogenetic trees and ITS2 secondary structure analysis all showed that the strain closed to Parachlorella kessleri. All results might bring a new look that some microalgae with potential values can be a raw biodiesel material.
{"title":"Morphology, phylogeny and lipid components of an oil-rich microalgal strain","authors":"Yifan Gao, J. Lv, Jia Feng, QI Liu, S. Xie","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.037","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae have attracted much more attentions for their roles in biofuel exploration recently. In this report, one oil-rich microalgal strain (TY02) was isolated from the lawn soil in a park, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, and the morphology and phylogeny characters of the strain was systematically analyzed. Observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent microscopy, the lipid bodies were observed clearly. After extracting the total lipid by chloroform-methanol method, the fatty acid content and composition of the lipid bodies in the strain were detected and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that the total lipid content of TY02 was 33.27 ± 1.13%, among the total 7 kinds of fatty acids identified in TY02, the major constituents are C16 and C18 fatty acids, which taking up to 88.15%. Moreover, the predominant fatty acids were Hexadecanoic acid (C16: 0), 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (C18: 2) and 9, 12, 15-Octade mcatrienoic acid (C18: 3). Based on the molecular markers of 18S rDNA, rbcL and ITS genes, phylogenetic trees and ITS2 secondary structure analysis all showed that the strain closed to Parachlorella kessleri. All results might bring a new look that some microalgae with potential values can be a raw biodiesel material.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49303535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-26DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.036
Shah Habiba, R. Noreen, S. A. Ali, K. Hasan, J. Ara, V. Sultana, S. Ehteshamul-Haque
Following harvest, tomato fruits are susceptible to attack by many fungal pathogens, but healthy fruits may also harbor beneficial microflora, which can delayed the spoilage of fruit. In this study, 30 isolates of epiphytic fluorescent Pseudomonas were isolated from healthy fruits of lemon, melon, grapefruit, tomato and orange. Twelve isolates were identified on molecular basis by amplifying 16S rDNA using a genus-specific primer set PA-GS-F 5’-GACGGGTGAGTAATGCCTA-3’ and PA-GS-R F 5’-CACTGGTGTTCCTTCCTATA-3’ on a conserved sequence of the genus Pseudomonas with a product size ~618 bp. Three potential isolates were examined for their ability to delayed the postharvest natural spoilage and maintained the physiochemical properties during storage for fifteen days in season 2013 and 2014. All three isolates showed promising control of postharvest diseases of tomato in comparison with control in both seasons up to fifteen days of storage at room temperature (23±4 oC, Rh 25-70%). The epiphytic bacterial isolates has delayed the fruit weight loss and maintained fruit firmness, total solids, pH and titratable acidity. Isolates also slowed the accumulation of lycopene indicating their potential in controlling the major changes in physiochemical properties. In both season Pseudomonas treated tomatoes showed no or negligible infestation of common postharvest fungi and bacteria as compared to control and positive control (1% K-sorbate).
收获后，番茄果实容易受到许多真菌病原体的攻击，但健康的果实也可能含有有益的微生物群落，这可以延缓果实的腐烂。本研究从柠檬、甜瓜、葡萄柚、番茄和橙子等健康水果中分离到30株附生荧光假单胞菌。使用属特异性引物组PA-GS-F 5’-GCGGGTGAGTAATGCCTA-3’和PA-GS-R F 5’-CATGTGTTCCTCTA-3’在假单胞菌属的保守序列上扩增16S rDNA，在分子基础上鉴定了12个分离株，产物大小为~618bp。在2013年和2014年的季节，对三种潜在的分离株进行了检测，以确定它们是否有能力延缓采后自然腐败，并在储存15天期间保持理化性质。与在室温（23±4℃，Rh 25-70%）下储存长达15天的两个季节的对照相比，所有三个分离株都显示出很好的番茄采后病害控制效果。附生细菌分离株延缓了果实的失重，并保持了果实的硬度、总固体、pH值和可滴定酸度。分离物还减缓了番茄红素的积累，这表明它们在控制理化性质的主要变化方面具有潜力。与对照和阳性对照（1%山梨酸钾）相比，假单胞菌处理的番茄在两个季节都没有或可以忽略常见采后真菌和细菌的侵扰。
{"title":"Protective role of epiphytic fluorescent Pseudomonas on natural postharvest decay of tomato at room temperature","authors":"Shah Habiba, R. Noreen, S. A. Ali, K. Hasan, J. Ara, V. Sultana, S. Ehteshamul-Haque","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.036","url":null,"abstract":"Following harvest, tomato fruits are susceptible to attack by many fungal pathogens, but healthy fruits may also harbor beneficial microflora, which can delayed the spoilage of fruit. In this study, 30 isolates of epiphytic fluorescent Pseudomonas were isolated from healthy fruits of lemon, melon, grapefruit, tomato and orange. Twelve isolates were identified on molecular basis by amplifying 16S rDNA using a genus-specific primer set PA-GS-F 5’-GACGGGTGAGTAATGCCTA-3’ and PA-GS-R F 5’-CACTGGTGTTCCTTCCTATA-3’ on a conserved sequence of the genus Pseudomonas with a product size ~618 bp. Three potential isolates were examined for their ability to delayed the postharvest natural spoilage and maintained the physiochemical properties during storage for fifteen days in season 2013 and 2014. All three isolates showed promising control of postharvest diseases of tomato in comparison with control in both seasons up to fifteen days of storage at room temperature (23±4 oC, Rh 25-70%). The epiphytic bacterial isolates has delayed the fruit weight loss and maintained fruit firmness, total solids, pH and titratable acidity. Isolates also slowed the accumulation of lycopene indicating their potential in controlling the major changes in physiochemical properties. In both season Pseudomonas treated tomatoes showed no or negligible infestation of common postharvest fungi and bacteria as compared to control and positive control (1% K-sorbate).","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47097032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-22DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.034
L. Stoll, N. Niemenak, B. Bisping, R. Lieberei
“German” cacao cultivated in Cameroon has emerged from a mixture of different gene pools with a large proportion of Trinitario and with a pronounced content of polyphenols. In order to characterize this old genotype, polyphenols and polyphenol oxidase were compared with hybrid selected genotypes. Epicatechin (25 mg/g – 52 mg/g ffdm) and catechin (0.5 – 1.9 mg/g ffdm) content of German cacao seeds were of similar range with hybrid investigated samples. German cacao is characterized by its high content of anthocyanins especially cyadinine-3-arabinosid with a range from 8.84 mg/g to 17.51 mg/g ffdm. Hybrid genotypes displayed 1 mg/g to 6.4 mg/g ffdm of cyanidine-3-arabinosid. PPO activity was 10 to 20-fold higher in German cacao seeds compared to hybrid. Anthocyanin and PPO through the oxidation of phenols to quinone are involved in colour development and pests and diseases resistance. Pigment is one of the most important factors for the colour of cocoa powder. We discussed the high content of anthocyanin and PPO activity in German cacao in relation with the reddish colour of cocoa powder derived from Cameroonian cacao.
{"title":"German cacao of Cameroon - new facts on a traditional variety fallen into oblivion","authors":"L. Stoll, N. Niemenak, B. Bisping, R. Lieberei","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.034","url":null,"abstract":"“German” cacao cultivated in Cameroon has emerged from a mixture of different gene pools with a large proportion of Trinitario and with a pronounced content of polyphenols. In order to characterize this old genotype, polyphenols and polyphenol oxidase were compared with hybrid selected genotypes. Epicatechin (25 mg/g – 52 mg/g ffdm) and catechin (0.5 – 1.9 mg/g ffdm) content of German cacao seeds were of similar range with hybrid investigated samples. German cacao is characterized by its high content of anthocyanins especially cyadinine-3-arabinosid with a range from 8.84 mg/g to 17.51 mg/g ffdm. Hybrid genotypes displayed 1 mg/g to 6.4 mg/g ffdm of cyanidine-3-arabinosid. PPO activity was 10 to 20-fold higher in German cacao seeds compared to hybrid. Anthocyanin and PPO through the oxidation of phenols to quinone are involved in colour development and pests and diseases resistance. Pigment is one of the most important factors for the colour of cocoa powder. We discussed the high content of anthocyanin and PPO activity in German cacao in relation with the reddish colour of cocoa powder derived from Cameroonian cacao.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46578985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-22DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.035
A. Płażek, Maria Tatrzańska, M. Maciejewski, M. Dziurka, P. Waligórski, F. Dubert
Salinity has an increasing impact on crop production worldwide. Contemporary agricultural practices increasingly use plant biostimulants that protect plants against various environmental stresses. The aim of the work was to investigate whether such stimulants as 24-epibrassinolide (EPI) and zearalenone (ZEN) may alleviate effects of salinity in bread and durum wheat, maize, and sorghum plants. Plants were grown in glasshouse, in pots filled with perlite under continuous salinity stress (120 mM of NaCl). Four-week-old plants were treated with the stimulants. The plant responses to salinity were determined analyzing the following parameters: fresh and dry weights of plants, water content, electrolyte leakage, proline, abscisic acid, and the soluble carbohydrate contents in the leaves. The positive effect of ZEN on the studied parameters was more frequently observed than in the case of EPI. ZEN increased the root mass of both wheat species, as well as the stem and root masses of sorghum. This stimulant improved water relations in bread and durum wheat. Both stimulators increased the content of soluble carbohydrates. ZEN elevated significantly abscisic acid content in sorghum plants as well as it increased strongly proline level in all studied plant species. ZEN was more effective in alleviation salinity disorders than EPI.
{"title":"Effects of zearalenone and 24- epi brassinolide on the salt tolerance of select monocotyledonous crop plants","authors":"A. Płażek, Maria Tatrzańska, M. Maciejewski, M. Dziurka, P. Waligórski, F. Dubert","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.035","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity has an increasing impact on crop production worldwide. Contemporary agricultural practices increasingly use plant biostimulants that protect plants against various environmental stresses. The aim of the work was to investigate whether such stimulants as 24-epibrassinolide (EPI) and zearalenone (ZEN) may alleviate effects of salinity in bread and durum wheat, maize, and sorghum plants. Plants were grown in glasshouse, in pots filled with perlite under continuous salinity stress (120 mM of NaCl). Four-week-old plants were treated with the stimulants. The plant responses to salinity were determined analyzing the following parameters: fresh and dry weights of plants, water content, electrolyte leakage, proline, abscisic acid, and the soluble carbohydrate contents in the leaves. The positive effect of ZEN on the studied parameters was more frequently observed than in the case of EPI. ZEN increased the root mass of both wheat species, as well as the stem and root masses of sorghum. This stimulant improved water relations in bread and durum wheat. Both stimulators increased the content of soluble carbohydrates. ZEN elevated significantly abscisic acid content in sorghum plants as well as it increased strongly proline level in all studied plant species. ZEN was more effective in alleviation salinity disorders than EPI.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47629316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-25DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.033
J. Choi, Ean-jeong Seo, J. Sung, K. Choi, Hee-Yeon Kim, Ju-Sung Kim, Junsoo Lee, T. Efferth, T. Hyun
The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of crude methanolic extract of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, and those of its partitioned fractions, including hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous. The antioxidant activities were analyzed by DPPH free radical scavenging and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assay. Results showed that the BuOH fraction possessed a strong antioxidant activity through a hydrogen atom transfer reaction-based mechanism and a single electron transfer reaction-based mechanism. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the BuOH fraction of A. distichum methanol extract exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the nitric oxide production and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6, through the inhibition of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In addition, the BuOH fraction inhibited the LPS-induced ROS level through the NADPH oxidase-independent mechanism. Furthermore, HPLC analysis identified chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gentisic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, and quercetin, and suggested that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the BuOH fraction should be mediated by the presence of higher amounts of caffeic acid, rutin, and ferulic acid than other fractions. Taken together, these results suggest that A. distichum extract is a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, and could be developed as a potential source for functional food and dietary health supplement.
{"title":"Polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai extract","authors":"J. Choi, Ean-jeong Seo, J. Sung, K. Choi, Hee-Yeon Kim, Ju-Sung Kim, Junsoo Lee, T. Efferth, T. Hyun","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.033","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of crude methanolic extract of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, and those of its partitioned fractions, including hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous. The antioxidant activities were analyzed by DPPH free radical scavenging and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assay. Results showed that the BuOH fraction possessed a strong antioxidant activity through a hydrogen atom transfer reaction-based mechanism and a single electron transfer reaction-based mechanism. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the BuOH fraction of A. distichum methanol extract exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the nitric oxide production and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6, through the inhibition of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In addition, the BuOH fraction inhibited the LPS-induced ROS level through the NADPH oxidase-independent mechanism. Furthermore, HPLC analysis identified chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gentisic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, and quercetin, and suggested that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the BuOH fraction should be mediated by the presence of higher amounts of caffeic acid, rutin, and ferulic acid than other fractions. Taken together, these results suggest that A. distichum extract is a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, and could be developed as a potential source for functional food and dietary health supplement.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41881462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-22DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.032
J. Pobereżny, K. Gościnna, E. Wszelaczyńska, M. Szczepanek
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mechanical damage on both the contents of dry matter and chlorogenic acid and the degree of blackspot for five cultivars of potatoes of various earliness groups. The study was conducted immediately after the harvest as well as after two, four and six months of storage under constant conditions (air temperature +4 °C and RH 95%). Mechanical damage leads to a greater accumulation of chlorogenic acid and increases the tubers’ susceptibility to blackening, irrespective of the earliness group. The duration of storage significantly determines the dry matter content of chlorogenic acid and the susceptibility to blackening of raw tuber flesh to the greatest extent for cultivars of the medium-early group. A significant (P < 0.01) correlation was demonstrated between the dry matter and chlorogenic acid contents and the degree of blackspot, which was higher on damaged tubers.
{"title":"Influence of mechanical damage and storage on various quality aspects of potatoes","authors":"J. Pobereżny, K. Gościnna, E. Wszelaczyńska, M. Szczepanek","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.032","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mechanical damage on both the contents of dry matter and chlorogenic acid and the degree of blackspot for five cultivars of potatoes of various earliness groups. The study was conducted immediately after the harvest as well as after two, four and six months of storage under constant conditions (air temperature +4 °C and RH 95%). Mechanical damage leads to a greater accumulation of chlorogenic acid and increases the tubers’ susceptibility to blackening, irrespective of the earliness group. The duration of storage significantly determines the dry matter content of chlorogenic acid and the susceptibility to blackening of raw tuber flesh to the greatest extent for cultivars of the medium-early group. A significant (P < 0.01) correlation was demonstrated between the dry matter and chlorogenic acid contents and the degree of blackspot, which was higher on damaged tubers.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43407964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-19DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.031
A. Ranfa, M. Bodesmo
These days edible wild plants (EWPs) play a fundamental role in the Mediterranean diet, thanks to their content of mineral elements and bioactive compounds with proven benefits for human health. The present study aims to document ethnobotanical knowledge and uses of EWPs in Central Italy so that this knowledge will not be lost. During various nature fairs and exhibitions in Umbria three hundred subjects were interviewed face-to-face between March and May 2013-2015. The participants provided information on local plant names, where and when the plants were collected, part(s) used, categories used, folk medicinal uses, taste perception and other uses. The results were analyzed using two ethnobotanical indices: the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Relative Importance Index (RII). The 100 EWPs mentioned by the respondents belonged to 23 families, Asteraceae (33%), Brassicaceae (17%) and Lamiaceae (11%) being the most dominant. The part(s) used were leaves (49%), shoots (17%), flowers and inflorescences (10%). Fourteen food use categories were cited, of which boiled 31%, 28% raw, 12% in vegetable soups, 11% fried in fat, without or with beaten eggs. Twenty-seven plant species were also mentioned as having folk medicinal uses.
{"title":"An Ethnobotanical investigation of traditional knowledge and uses of edible wild plants in the Umbria Region, Central Italy","authors":"A. Ranfa, M. Bodesmo","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.031","url":null,"abstract":"These days edible wild plants (EWPs) play a fundamental role in the Mediterranean diet, thanks to their content of mineral elements and bioactive compounds with proven benefits for human health. The present study aims to document ethnobotanical knowledge and uses of EWPs in Central Italy so that this knowledge will not be lost. During various nature fairs and exhibitions in Umbria three hundred subjects were interviewed face-to-face between March and May 2013-2015. The participants provided information on local plant names, where and when the plants were collected, part(s) used, categories used, folk medicinal uses, taste perception and other uses. The results were analyzed using two ethnobotanical indices: the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Relative Importance Index (RII). The 100 EWPs mentioned by the respondents belonged to 23 families, Asteraceae (33%), Brassicaceae (17%) and Lamiaceae (11%) being the most dominant. The part(s) used were leaves (49%), shoots (17%), flowers and inflorescences (10%). Fourteen food use categories were cited, of which boiled 31%, 28% raw, 12% in vegetable soups, 11% fried in fat, without or with beaten eggs. Twenty-seven plant species were also mentioned as having folk medicinal uses.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48021980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-26DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.030
H. T. Nguyen, K. Inotai, P. Radácsi, Szilvia Tavaszi-Sárosi, M. Ladányi, É. Zámboriné-Németh
A trial with nine wormwood accessions was installed to carry out a systematic evaluation of intraspecific diversity. Six morphological features, essential oil (EO) yield and thujone content were measured. Besides, 11 RAPD and 15 ISSR molecular markers were tested to determine the genetic diversity of the accessions. The experiment was carried out in open field in 2016.Accession “Pakozd” exhibited largest growth (64.9 cm) and genotype “Norwegen” was the smallest (29.9 cm). This latter accession had also the smallest but thickest leaves. Concerning morphological features, the Norwegian population was the most homogenous one (CV%: 10.6-20.1) while “Belgin” brought about largest variability (CV%: 18.4-45.3).Based on EO yield, the studied accessions were divided into three significantly diverse groups. The highest yield was produced by “Spanish” accession (3.215 ml/100 g), “Norwegen” and “Belgien” produced medium values (1.569-1.892 ml/100 g) and six accessions showed EO yields below 1% (0.349-0.832 ml/100 g). Three acces-sions (“Leipzig”, “Belgien” and “Norwegen”) had high amount of thujone in the oil (50-89%) while in all other accessions thujones were absent or present only below 1%. “Belgien” accession had balanced ratio of α- and β-thujones while in the other ones β-thujone was the absolute main component.High polymorphism was found among the wormwood accessions also by molecular markers: 81.15% for RAPD and 73.10% for ISSR primers. Based on the Nei’s genetic distances the three groups of genotypes were identical to those in the case of EO yield.The study confirmed the large intraspecific variability of wormwood but revealed that it is not definitely connected to geographical origin of the populations.
{"title":"Morphological, phytochemical and molecular characterization of intraspecific variability of wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium L.)","authors":"H. T. Nguyen, K. Inotai, P. Radácsi, Szilvia Tavaszi-Sárosi, M. Ladányi, É. Zámboriné-Németh","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.030","url":null,"abstract":"A trial with nine wormwood accessions was installed to carry out a systematic evaluation of intraspecific diversity. Six morphological features, essential oil (EO) yield and thujone content were measured. Besides, 11 RAPD and 15 ISSR molecular markers were tested to determine the genetic diversity of the accessions. The experiment was carried out in open field in 2016.Accession “Pakozd” exhibited largest growth (64.9 cm) and genotype “Norwegen” was the smallest (29.9 cm). This latter accession had also the smallest but thickest leaves. Concerning morphological features, the Norwegian population was the most homogenous one (CV%: 10.6-20.1) while “Belgin” brought about largest variability (CV%: 18.4-45.3).Based on EO yield, the studied accessions were divided into three significantly diverse groups. The highest yield was produced by “Spanish” accession (3.215 ml/100 g), “Norwegen” and “Belgien” produced medium values (1.569-1.892 ml/100 g) and six accessions showed EO yields below 1% (0.349-0.832 ml/100 g). Three acces-sions (“Leipzig”, “Belgien” and “Norwegen”) had high amount of thujone in the oil (50-89%) while in all other accessions thujones were absent or present only below 1%. “Belgien” accession had balanced ratio of α- and β-thujones while in the other ones β-thujone was the absolute main component.High polymorphism was found among the wormwood accessions also by molecular markers: 81.15% for RAPD and 73.10% for ISSR primers. Based on the Nei’s genetic distances the three groups of genotypes were identical to those in the case of EO yield.The study confirmed the large intraspecific variability of wormwood but revealed that it is not definitely connected to geographical origin of the populations.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43981353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-16DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.029
M. Ionica, V. Nour, I. Trandafir
The evolution of some bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity has been investigated during fruit growth and ripening of five pepper cultivars: ‘Dracula’, ’Pintea’, ‘Pepperone’, ‘Bulgarian carrot’ (C. annuum) and ‘Christmas bell’ (C. baccatum var. pendulum). High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the content of capsaicin in the fruit in order to determine the pungency level of analyzed peppers. Pepper fruits were collected at five stages of growth and ripening. Dry matter, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, including total flavonoids, capsaicin content and antioxidant activity were determined at each stage. There were major differences among the cultivars in the accumulation of the bioactive compounds in the fruit during their growth and ripening, although the quantitative accumulation pathway of various components had a similar trend during phenophases. Antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content increased during growth and ripening of hot peppers, the highest levels being found in the last stage of ripening. The pattern of variation of total flavonoid content was cultivar dependent. In most cultivars, an important increase of the total phenolic and total flavonoid content was observed in the last stage of ripening. Capsaicin content recorded a maximum level in F3 or F4 depending on cultivar, and decreased afterwards until the complete ripening of the pepper fruits. ‘Dracula’ cultivar was classified as “non-pungent” (fruits are not spicy) while ‘Pintea’ was classified as “highly pungent”, the other analyzed cultivars having an average level of pungency.
{"title":"Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of hot pepper fruits at different stages of growth and ripening","authors":"M. Ionica, V. Nour, I. Trandafir","doi":"10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2017.090.029","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of some bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity has been investigated during fruit growth and ripening of five pepper cultivars: ‘Dracula’, ’Pintea’, ‘Pepperone’, ‘Bulgarian carrot’ (C. annuum) and ‘Christmas bell’ (C. baccatum var. pendulum). High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the content of capsaicin in the fruit in order to determine the pungency level of analyzed peppers. Pepper fruits were collected at five stages of growth and ripening. Dry matter, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, including total flavonoids, capsaicin content and antioxidant activity were determined at each stage. There were major differences among the cultivars in the accumulation of the bioactive compounds in the fruit during their growth and ripening, although the quantitative accumulation pathway of various components had a similar trend during phenophases. Antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content increased during growth and ripening of hot peppers, the highest levels being found in the last stage of ripening. The pattern of variation of total flavonoid content was cultivar dependent. In most cultivars, an important increase of the total phenolic and total flavonoid content was observed in the last stage of ripening. Capsaicin content recorded a maximum level in F3 or F4 depending on cultivar, and decreased afterwards until the complete ripening of the pepper fruits. ‘Dracula’ cultivar was classified as “non-pungent” (fruits are not spicy) while ‘Pintea’ was classified as “highly pungent”, the other analyzed cultivars having an average level of pungency.","PeriodicalId":56276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44390895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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