Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220304
Sara Passos, C. Rech, J. Kawakami, N. Nazareno, Marcos Roberto Barbosa, C. Nardi
ABSTRACT In this study we evaluated the performance of potato cultivars in the organic production system, aiming to identify those more productive and less damaged by Phytophthora infestans and Diabrotica speciosa. The experiment was conducted during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Cultivars Ágata, Aracy Ruiva, Vitória, Clara, Eliza, Catucha and Cris were assessed for severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of P. infestans, external holes and internal galleries caused by D. speciosa, and tuber yield. Most cultivars reacted positively to P. infestans and D. speciosa. ‘Ágata’ was the most susceptible cultivar, with P. infestans severity close to 100% and AUDPC significantly higher than the other cultivars. D. speciosa larvae external damages were more intense in ‘Eliza’ than in ‘Clara’ and ‘Catucha’. ‘Eliza’ was also among the most internally damaged cultivars in both years, while ‘Catucha’ and ‘Vitória’ were among the least internally damaged. The results indicate ‘Catucha’ and ‘Clara’ as the most suitable for organic cultivation among the studied materials.
{"title":"Performance of potato cultivars grown in the organic production system","authors":"Sara Passos, C. Rech, J. Kawakami, N. Nazareno, Marcos Roberto Barbosa, C. Nardi","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study we evaluated the performance of potato cultivars in the organic production system, aiming to identify those more productive and less damaged by Phytophthora infestans and Diabrotica speciosa. The experiment was conducted during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Cultivars Ágata, Aracy Ruiva, Vitória, Clara, Eliza, Catucha and Cris were assessed for severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of P. infestans, external holes and internal galleries caused by D. speciosa, and tuber yield. Most cultivars reacted positively to P. infestans and D. speciosa. ‘Ágata’ was the most susceptible cultivar, with P. infestans severity close to 100% and AUDPC significantly higher than the other cultivars. D. speciosa larvae external damages were more intense in ‘Eliza’ than in ‘Clara’ and ‘Catucha’. ‘Eliza’ was also among the most internally damaged cultivars in both years, while ‘Catucha’ and ‘Vitória’ were among the least internally damaged. The results indicate ‘Catucha’ and ‘Clara’ as the most suitable for organic cultivation among the studied materials.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47830708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220305
J. B. Pinheiro, G. Silva, D. Biscaia, C. Magalhães, Ludmila R de Souza, Wandressa de S Pereira, R. A. D. C. E. Melo
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi prospectar fontes de resistência ao nematoide-das-galhas Meloidogyne enterolobii em espécies silvestres de Solanum e híbridos com potencial para serem utilizados como porta-enxertos para solanáceas cultivadas. Vinte e três acessos de sete espécies de Solanum, bem como 35 híbridos de dois cruzamentos interespecíficos, foram caracterizados quanto à resistência a M. enterolobii. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação em Brasília-DF, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repetições de uma planta por vaso inoculada com ovos do nematoide, avaliadas quanto às variáveis nematológicas: índice de massa de ovos, índice de galhas, número de ovos por grama de raiz e fator de reprodução. Todos os acessos de Solanum torvum, S. paludosum e S. paniculatum apresentaram alta resistência. No caso de S. crinitum, S. macrocarpon e S. sisymbriifolium, as reações foram variadas, com seis de sete, dois de cinco e um de três acessos resistentes, respectivamente. Vinte e três dos 24 híbridos interespecíficos entre S. stramonifolium var. inerme e S. stramonifolium, e cinco híbridos interespecíficos de S. stramonifolium e S. aethiopicum gr. gilo, entre onze, também foram resistentes. Esses resultados são de interesse prático para o controle do nematoide-das-galhas, uma vez que solanáceas cultivadas resistentes a M. enterolobii são de difícil obtenção por meio de melhoramento convencional. Por isso, a identificação de resistência em espécies de Solanum compatíveis com as espécies cultivadas pode ser importante para permitir o uso como porta-enxertos.
摘要本研究的目的是寻找野生茄种和有潜力作为栽培茄科砧木的杂交种对根结线虫的抗性来源。对7种茄属植物的23份材料和2种间杂交的35个杂交种进行了抗性研究。实验进行了植被在家里-DF、巴西的巴西利亚,多层建筑的设计完全casualizados,四个重复接种一种植物的花盆的蛋的nematoide nematológicas变量的评估:鸡蛋质量指数,指数每克瘿的卵子数,根和繁殖的因素。所有种质均表现出较高的抗性。对crinitum、S. macrocarpon和S. sisymbriifolium的抗性反应各不相同，分别为7个品种中的6个、5个品种中的2个和3个品种中的1个。stramonifolium变种和stramonifolium的24个种间杂交种中有23个具有抗性，stramonifolium和S. aethiopicum gr. gilo的5个种间杂交种中有11个具有抗性。这些结果对根结线虫的防治具有实际意义，因为传统育种很难获得对肠杆菌具有抗性的茄科植物。因此，鉴定与栽培品种相容性的茄属植物的抗性对其作为砧木的使用具有重要意义。
{"title":"Fontes de resistência a Meloidogyne enterolobii de espécies silvestres de Solanum e híbridos interespecíficos","authors":"J. B. Pinheiro, G. Silva, D. Biscaia, C. Magalhães, Ludmila R de Souza, Wandressa de S Pereira, R. A. D. C. E. Melo","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220305","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi prospectar fontes de resistência ao nematoide-das-galhas Meloidogyne enterolobii em espécies silvestres de Solanum e híbridos com potencial para serem utilizados como porta-enxertos para solanáceas cultivadas. Vinte e três acessos de sete espécies de Solanum, bem como 35 híbridos de dois cruzamentos interespecíficos, foram caracterizados quanto à resistência a M. enterolobii. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação em Brasília-DF, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repetições de uma planta por vaso inoculada com ovos do nematoide, avaliadas quanto às variáveis nematológicas: índice de massa de ovos, índice de galhas, número de ovos por grama de raiz e fator de reprodução. Todos os acessos de Solanum torvum, S. paludosum e S. paniculatum apresentaram alta resistência. No caso de S. crinitum, S. macrocarpon e S. sisymbriifolium, as reações foram variadas, com seis de sete, dois de cinco e um de três acessos resistentes, respectivamente. Vinte e três dos 24 híbridos interespecíficos entre S. stramonifolium var. inerme e S. stramonifolium, e cinco híbridos interespecíficos de S. stramonifolium e S. aethiopicum gr. gilo, entre onze, também foram resistentes. Esses resultados são de interesse prático para o controle do nematoide-das-galhas, uma vez que solanáceas cultivadas resistentes a M. enterolobii são de difícil obtenção por meio de melhoramento convencional. Por isso, a identificação de resistência em espécies de Solanum compatíveis com as espécies cultivadas pode ser importante para permitir o uso como porta-enxertos.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43415374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220210
G. Silva, F. Q. Azevedo, Jackson WP de Melo, G. E. Pereira, Albania J Patiño-Torres, A. D. Carvalho, C. F. Ragassi, A. Pereira
ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the plant growth curve of two new potato cultivars, to better understand the dynamics of the plant development throughout the growth cycle, and to subsidize management strategies. Field experiments were carried out in Canoinhas-SC, and Pelotas-RS, in the spring 2019. The new potato cultivars BRS F50 - Cecília and BRS F183 - Potira were compared with the standard cultivar widely grown in the country, Asterix. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications of plots composed of 43 useful plants, plus borders. Destructive samples of four plants per plot were carried out at 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, and 112 days after planting. Morpho-agronomic characters were evaluated throughout the crop cycle, and the determination of tuber yield was done at its end, harvesting 15 plants per plot. Cecília presented a great development of the aboveground plant parts, and a high tuber yield. Potira also showed a good tuber yield, but was late in the plant development cycle, requiring specific studies on differentiated management of this character. In general, genotypes with a greater development of the aboveground plant parts are more productive, however, in this analysis it is not possible to consider only characters related to the leaf production or even the leaf area, but the plant structure as a whole, including stem development.
{"title":"Growth, fresh mass accumulation and distribution in new Brazilian potato cultivars","authors":"G. Silva, F. Q. Azevedo, Jackson WP de Melo, G. E. Pereira, Albania J Patiño-Torres, A. D. Carvalho, C. F. Ragassi, A. Pereira","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220210","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the plant growth curve of two new potato cultivars, to better understand the dynamics of the plant development throughout the growth cycle, and to subsidize management strategies. Field experiments were carried out in Canoinhas-SC, and Pelotas-RS, in the spring 2019. The new potato cultivars BRS F50 - Cecília and BRS F183 - Potira were compared with the standard cultivar widely grown in the country, Asterix. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications of plots composed of 43 useful plants, plus borders. Destructive samples of four plants per plot were carried out at 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, and 112 days after planting. Morpho-agronomic characters were evaluated throughout the crop cycle, and the determination of tuber yield was done at its end, harvesting 15 plants per plot. Cecília presented a great development of the aboveground plant parts, and a high tuber yield. Potira also showed a good tuber yield, but was late in the plant development cycle, requiring specific studies on differentiated management of this character. In general, genotypes with a greater development of the aboveground plant parts are more productive, however, in this analysis it is not possible to consider only characters related to the leaf production or even the leaf area, but the plant structure as a whole, including stem development.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43823294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220208
I. Sampaio, M. L. S. Silva Júnior, R. Bittencourt, Eder S de Oliveira, Wagner Rômulo L Lopes Filho, Leonel R Souza, V. C. Costa
ABSTRACT Jambu is a condiment herb used in the preparation of typical and herbal dishes in the Amazon Region. The inflorescences, leaves, and stems of the plant are used. In addition, jambu has numerous applications in the cosmetics and food industries due to the presence of the bioactive compound spilanthol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and physiological performance of jambu genotypes of Acmella oleracea, and Acmella ciliata species grown in hydroponics. The experiment used was a completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of jambu genotypes (UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4, UFR-5, UFR-6, UFR-7 and UFR-8) collected in different locations in the state of Pará. We evaluated the beginning of flowering, length of the main branch, diameter of the main branch, leaf area, shoot fresh mass, inflorescence fresh mass, root fresh mass, total fresh mass, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and instant carboxylation efficiency. The genotypes presented different behaviors about the productive and physiological growth characteristics. The genotypes UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4 and UFR-7 exhibited greater precocity of flowering. In general, genotypes of the species A. oleracea presented lower rate of net photosynthesis when compared to those of the species A. ciliata. The genotypes of A. oleracea showed total fresh mass accumulation capacity, in addition to a high potential for inflorescence production. The genotypes UFR-2 and UFR-4 stood out because they presented higher yields of shoots fresh mass and inflorescences, respectively. Therefore, these genotypes should be considered in crop improvement programs.
{"title":"Productive and physiological performance of jambu genotypes cultivated in hydroponics","authors":"I. Sampaio, M. L. S. Silva Júnior, R. Bittencourt, Eder S de Oliveira, Wagner Rômulo L Lopes Filho, Leonel R Souza, V. C. Costa","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220208","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Jambu is a condiment herb used in the preparation of typical and herbal dishes in the Amazon Region. The inflorescences, leaves, and stems of the plant are used. In addition, jambu has numerous applications in the cosmetics and food industries due to the presence of the bioactive compound spilanthol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and physiological performance of jambu genotypes of Acmella oleracea, and Acmella ciliata species grown in hydroponics. The experiment used was a completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of jambu genotypes (UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4, UFR-5, UFR-6, UFR-7 and UFR-8) collected in different locations in the state of Pará. We evaluated the beginning of flowering, length of the main branch, diameter of the main branch, leaf area, shoot fresh mass, inflorescence fresh mass, root fresh mass, total fresh mass, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and instant carboxylation efficiency. The genotypes presented different behaviors about the productive and physiological growth characteristics. The genotypes UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4 and UFR-7 exhibited greater precocity of flowering. In general, genotypes of the species A. oleracea presented lower rate of net photosynthesis when compared to those of the species A. ciliata. The genotypes of A. oleracea showed total fresh mass accumulation capacity, in addition to a high potential for inflorescence production. The genotypes UFR-2 and UFR-4 stood out because they presented higher yields of shoots fresh mass and inflorescences, respectively. Therefore, these genotypes should be considered in crop improvement programs.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44492106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220202
Leandro Aparecido Chiconi, A. L. Bacha, A. F. Braga, W. C. Carrega, M. Nepomuceno, P. Alves
ABSTRACT Physalis angulata is a Solanaceae that produces fruits with a high commercial value. The interference of weeds in the cultivation of this species is one of the main factors limiting its growth. There are no herbicides registered for this crop in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides and the use of adjuvants for the cultivation of P. angulata. We conducted three experiments: two in pots, evaluating the selectivity of the herbicides fluazifop-p-butyl, metribuzin, fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl, trifluralin and clethodim; and one in field conditions using the most selective herbicides from previous experiments. In the pots, we performed assessments of phytotoxicity, height, stem diameter, and total chlorophyll content every seven days up to 42 days after application. At the end of the three experiments, we evaluated leaf area, number of fruits, and dry matter of leaves, stems, and fruits. The herbicides clethodim without adjuvant and fluazifop-p-butyl are selective for P. angulata crop. Under field conditions, the application of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen did not negatively affect crop production and growth, being selective to P. angulata. Metribuzin do not have the potential to be used for this crop.
{"title":"Selectivity of herbicides isolated and/or with the addition of adjuvants for Physalis angulata crop","authors":"Leandro Aparecido Chiconi, A. L. Bacha, A. F. Braga, W. C. Carrega, M. Nepomuceno, P. Alves","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Physalis angulata is a Solanaceae that produces fruits with a high commercial value. The interference of weeds in the cultivation of this species is one of the main factors limiting its growth. There are no herbicides registered for this crop in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides and the use of adjuvants for the cultivation of P. angulata. We conducted three experiments: two in pots, evaluating the selectivity of the herbicides fluazifop-p-butyl, metribuzin, fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl, trifluralin and clethodim; and one in field conditions using the most selective herbicides from previous experiments. In the pots, we performed assessments of phytotoxicity, height, stem diameter, and total chlorophyll content every seven days up to 42 days after application. At the end of the three experiments, we evaluated leaf area, number of fruits, and dry matter of leaves, stems, and fruits. The herbicides clethodim without adjuvant and fluazifop-p-butyl are selective for P. angulata crop. Under field conditions, the application of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen did not negatively affect crop production and growth, being selective to P. angulata. Metribuzin do not have the potential to be used for this crop.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42135470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220212
Néria S Nunes, L. F. L. Silva, Douglas Delgado de Souza, L. V. Resende, Guilherme Q Brandt
ABSTRACT There is great demand for new cultivars adapted for production in a national climate, which creates a certain dependence of national strawberry growers on imported cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate quality and morphological characteristics of fruits from strawberry genotypes. Strawberry accessions were provided by the Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Lavras. The experiment was implemented in the Experimentation and Olericulture sector of the José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS). The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with 12 treatments and 3 replications, totaling 36 experimental units. The 12 treatments consisted of seven genotypes and five commercial cultivars positioned in 29 slabs, in protected cultivation. The genotypes MFA12-443 and MCA12-89 stood out in terms of fruit size (p<0.000), presenting the highest values for length (41.06 mm), width (32.60 mm) and thickness (27.84 mm), while not differed from each other for these values. These genotypes are better suited for the fresh market, with quality characteristics that are more appreciated by consumers. All genotypes presented higher levels than 7ºBrix (p= 0.000) indicated for commercialization in the market. The tested accessions showed quality and aptitude for production in the southern region of Minas Gerais.
{"title":"Post-harvest of strawberry accessions in the South Minas Gerais","authors":"Néria S Nunes, L. F. L. Silva, Douglas Delgado de Souza, L. V. Resende, Guilherme Q Brandt","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220212","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is great demand for new cultivars adapted for production in a national climate, which creates a certain dependence of national strawberry growers on imported cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate quality and morphological characteristics of fruits from strawberry genotypes. Strawberry accessions were provided by the Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Lavras. The experiment was implemented in the Experimentation and Olericulture sector of the José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS). The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with 12 treatments and 3 replications, totaling 36 experimental units. The 12 treatments consisted of seven genotypes and five commercial cultivars positioned in 29 slabs, in protected cultivation. The genotypes MFA12-443 and MCA12-89 stood out in terms of fruit size (p<0.000), presenting the highest values for length (41.06 mm), width (32.60 mm) and thickness (27.84 mm), while not differed from each other for these values. These genotypes are better suited for the fresh market, with quality characteristics that are more appreciated by consumers. All genotypes presented higher levels than 7ºBrix (p= 0.000) indicated for commercialization in the market. The tested accessions showed quality and aptitude for production in the southern region of Minas Gerais.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45716345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220213
F. J. M. Araújo, Denis Mello, A. Junqueira, Eloisa D Caldas
RESUMO Os ditiocarbamatos são os fungicidas mais utilizados e mais detectados em alimentos no Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar os níveis de resíduos de ditiocarbamatos em hortaliças produzidas na região de Vargem Bonita, Distrito Federal, e comparar os níveis encontrados com os limites máximos de resíduos (LMR) estabelecidos para esses alimentos. Foram coletadas 84 amostras de diferentes tipos de hortaliças diretamente de 23 produtores no período de junho a novembro de 2018. As análises foram realizadas utilizando o método espectrofotométrico, que determina o nível de CS2 produzido pela degradação em meio ácido do ditiocarbamato presente na amostra. No total, 21 amostras (25%) continham resíduos de ditiocarbamatos acima do Limite de Quantificação do método (LOQ, 0,05 mg/kg CS2). Cinco das 27 amostras de alface analisadas (18,5%) continham resíduos, com níveis de 0,06 a 0,50 mg/kg de CS2, abaixo do LMR para essa cultura. Resíduos também foram encontrados em amostras de salsa, coentro e chicória, em níveis de 0,09 ou 0,10 mg/kg CS2, culturas para as quais não existe registro de uso de ditiocarbamatos no Brasil. Amostras de rúcula, cebolinha, alho poró e agrião, que também não possuem registro para ditiocarbamatos, deram resultado positivo, porém essas culturas são conhecidas por fornecerem resultados falso positivos para CS2, e a ilegalidade dos resíduos não pode ser confirmada. Esse estudo mostrou o uso adequado de ditiocarbamatos em hortaliças por agricultores da Vargem Bonita, com exceção de salsa, coentro e chicória, culturas com número limitado de pesticidas registrados, o que, provavelmente, tenha sido a razão do uso ilegal dos ditiocarbamatos.
{"title":"Análise de resíduos de fungicidas ditiocarbamatos em hortaliças produzidas na região de Vargem Bonita, Distrito Federal","authors":"F. J. M. Araújo, Denis Mello, A. Junqueira, Eloisa D Caldas","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220213","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMO Os ditiocarbamatos são os fungicidas mais utilizados e mais detectados em alimentos no Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar os níveis de resíduos de ditiocarbamatos em hortaliças produzidas na região de Vargem Bonita, Distrito Federal, e comparar os níveis encontrados com os limites máximos de resíduos (LMR) estabelecidos para esses alimentos. Foram coletadas 84 amostras de diferentes tipos de hortaliças diretamente de 23 produtores no período de junho a novembro de 2018. As análises foram realizadas utilizando o método espectrofotométrico, que determina o nível de CS2 produzido pela degradação em meio ácido do ditiocarbamato presente na amostra. No total, 21 amostras (25%) continham resíduos de ditiocarbamatos acima do Limite de Quantificação do método (LOQ, 0,05 mg/kg CS2). Cinco das 27 amostras de alface analisadas (18,5%) continham resíduos, com níveis de 0,06 a 0,50 mg/kg de CS2, abaixo do LMR para essa cultura. Resíduos também foram encontrados em amostras de salsa, coentro e chicória, em níveis de 0,09 ou 0,10 mg/kg CS2, culturas para as quais não existe registro de uso de ditiocarbamatos no Brasil. Amostras de rúcula, cebolinha, alho poró e agrião, que também não possuem registro para ditiocarbamatos, deram resultado positivo, porém essas culturas são conhecidas por fornecerem resultados falso positivos para CS2, e a ilegalidade dos resíduos não pode ser confirmada. Esse estudo mostrou o uso adequado de ditiocarbamatos em hortaliças por agricultores da Vargem Bonita, com exceção de salsa, coentro e chicória, culturas com número limitado de pesticidas registrados, o que, provavelmente, tenha sido a razão do uso ilegal dos ditiocarbamatos.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43384026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220209
André Gabriel, A. F. Nogueira, D. Zeffa, L. Constantino, Luiz VB de Oliveira, Aida SS Fukuji, R. L. R. Santos, J. T. Resende
ABSTRACT In order to produce bulbs or seeds, onion plants depend on genotype X environment interaction. Thus, breeders shall select the genotypes based on the climatic conditions of each producing region. This study aimed to evaluate 17 experimental onion hybrids and two commercial genotypes (‘Bella Dura’ and ‘Buccaneer’), based on agronomic, physicochemical attributes of the bulbs and resistance to early flowering under subtropical conditions. Joint analysis of variance and phenotypic divergence estimated through principal component analysis (PCA) and Ward’s hierarchical clustering were performed. We observed that the time of transplantation affected the agronomic traits more than the physicochemical traits, not affecting the percentage of early flowering of the genotypes. The first transplant season provided higher bulb productivity, whereas the second season reduced the cycle and productivity. Hybrids H1, H17 and ‘Buccaneer’ showed flowering rate lower than 3%. Among the experimental hybrids, H2 showed higher productivity when comparing with commercial cultivars, and H1, H12 and H14 were equivalent to them. However, H12 showed the highest early flowering rate (43%). Thus, considering the experimental genotypes evaluated under subtropical conditions, H1, H2, and H14, showed potential for commercial use or as potential parents in advancing the breeding program, as they stood out for presenting good yield, bulb quality and low percentage of early flowering.
{"title":"Productivity, physicochemical quality and early flowering resistance of experimental onion hybrids","authors":"André Gabriel, A. F. Nogueira, D. Zeffa, L. Constantino, Luiz VB de Oliveira, Aida SS Fukuji, R. L. R. Santos, J. T. Resende","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220209","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In order to produce bulbs or seeds, onion plants depend on genotype X environment interaction. Thus, breeders shall select the genotypes based on the climatic conditions of each producing region. This study aimed to evaluate 17 experimental onion hybrids and two commercial genotypes (‘Bella Dura’ and ‘Buccaneer’), based on agronomic, physicochemical attributes of the bulbs and resistance to early flowering under subtropical conditions. Joint analysis of variance and phenotypic divergence estimated through principal component analysis (PCA) and Ward’s hierarchical clustering were performed. We observed that the time of transplantation affected the agronomic traits more than the physicochemical traits, not affecting the percentage of early flowering of the genotypes. The first transplant season provided higher bulb productivity, whereas the second season reduced the cycle and productivity. Hybrids H1, H17 and ‘Buccaneer’ showed flowering rate lower than 3%. Among the experimental hybrids, H2 showed higher productivity when comparing with commercial cultivars, and H1, H12 and H14 were equivalent to them. However, H12 showed the highest early flowering rate (43%). Thus, considering the experimental genotypes evaluated under subtropical conditions, H1, H2, and H14, showed potential for commercial use or as potential parents in advancing the breeding program, as they stood out for presenting good yield, bulb quality and low percentage of early flowering.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48456436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220204
M. M. Lana, Eduardo MC Gomes
ABSTRACT Food waste at retail and consumer level is estimated by the United Nations to be around 17% of total global food production. From that, 2% is believed to happen in retail. However, this estimate has a great degree of uncertainty due to the very small data set on which it was built, coming almost exclusively from high income countries. The present research contributes to fill this gap, presenting primary data on waste of leafy vegetables at two supermarket chains in Federal District, Brazil. Both studies evaluated: 1) number of produce items delivered and discarded; 2) visual quality of produce at reception and 3) cause of discard. The majority of the produce, 37 out of 47, had more than 80% of the units with good visual quality, but this frequency varied from 62.0 to 88.4% among stores and from 56.0 to 97.1% among suppliers. Within a global waste equal to 20.0%, the amount observed for individual produce ranged from 1.0 to 83.0% and varied considerably across stores and suppliers. The presence of wilt- rotten and yellow- wilt- rotten leaves were the first and second main causes of discard. Vegetable waste at retail level in an upper middle-income country such as Brazil can be substantial, supporting the recent change in narrative that now considers food waste to be relevant in all countries, regardless of its income.
{"title":"Visual quality and waste of leafy vegetables in the retail market","authors":"M. M. Lana, Eduardo MC Gomes","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220204","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Food waste at retail and consumer level is estimated by the United Nations to be around 17% of total global food production. From that, 2% is believed to happen in retail. However, this estimate has a great degree of uncertainty due to the very small data set on which it was built, coming almost exclusively from high income countries. The present research contributes to fill this gap, presenting primary data on waste of leafy vegetables at two supermarket chains in Federal District, Brazil. Both studies evaluated: 1) number of produce items delivered and discarded; 2) visual quality of produce at reception and 3) cause of discard. The majority of the produce, 37 out of 47, had more than 80% of the units with good visual quality, but this frequency varied from 62.0 to 88.4% among stores and from 56.0 to 97.1% among suppliers. Within a global waste equal to 20.0%, the amount observed for individual produce ranged from 1.0 to 83.0% and varied considerably across stores and suppliers. The presence of wilt- rotten and yellow- wilt- rotten leaves were the first and second main causes of discard. Vegetable waste at retail level in an upper middle-income country such as Brazil can be substantial, supporting the recent change in narrative that now considers food waste to be relevant in all countries, regardless of its income.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48892943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220201
F. A. Oliveira, R. Freitas, Mychelle KT Oliveira, S. T. Santos, Jessilanne Plinia BM Costa, Helena M Morais Neta, Isabelly CS Marques, C. J. X. Cordeiro
ABSTRACT The electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution directly affects production and quality of the plants. We evaluated the electrical conductivity suitable for soilless cultivation of kohlrabi. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replicates and five treatments, composed of different nutrient solution’s conductivities (1.31, 1.71, 2.37, 2.98 and 3.75 dS m-1). We evaluated number of leaves, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, fresh and dry masses of leaves, bulb, roots and total, bulb volume, water content in the bulbs and pH, soluble solids, vitamin C, firmness, titratable acidity and SS/TA ratio of the bulbs. All variables related to growth were affected by the nutrient solutions, showing the highest values with the use of the nutrient solutions with EC close to 2.0 dS m-1. Considering the commercial part of the plant, the most developed bulbs were obtained with EC of 1.96 dS m-1, being 49.9 g and 41.15 cm3 per bulb. On the other hand, except for pH, the other variables responded to the increase of EC. Higher values for pulp firmness and titratable acidity occurred with EC close to 2.0 dS m-1, whereas the other variables showed higher values using a more concentrated nutrient solution.
{"title":"Electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution for soilless cultivation of kohlrabi","authors":"F. A. Oliveira, R. Freitas, Mychelle KT Oliveira, S. T. Santos, Jessilanne Plinia BM Costa, Helena M Morais Neta, Isabelly CS Marques, C. J. X. Cordeiro","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution directly affects production and quality of the plants. We evaluated the electrical conductivity suitable for soilless cultivation of kohlrabi. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replicates and five treatments, composed of different nutrient solution’s conductivities (1.31, 1.71, 2.37, 2.98 and 3.75 dS m-1). We evaluated number of leaves, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, fresh and dry masses of leaves, bulb, roots and total, bulb volume, water content in the bulbs and pH, soluble solids, vitamin C, firmness, titratable acidity and SS/TA ratio of the bulbs. All variables related to growth were affected by the nutrient solutions, showing the highest values with the use of the nutrient solutions with EC close to 2.0 dS m-1. Considering the commercial part of the plant, the most developed bulbs were obtained with EC of 1.96 dS m-1, being 49.9 g and 41.15 cm3 per bulb. On the other hand, except for pH, the other variables responded to the increase of EC. Higher values for pulp firmness and titratable acidity occurred with EC close to 2.0 dS m-1, whereas the other variables showed higher values using a more concentrated nutrient solution.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43995055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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