Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice最新文献

Objective: Dental professionals are highly vulnerable to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). As females, who are more prone to WMSD, represent a growing proportion of the dental workforce, this study explored sex differences in WMSD-pain prevalence among dental students, and differentiated it between preclinical and clinical students.

Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students at three U.S. dental schools. An anonymous survey assessed prevalence of WMSD pain over the last 12 months and 7 days using the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire. Sex and academic stage differences were analyzed with independent t-tests and chi-square, adjusted for demographics and occupational habits (working hours, self-reported ergonomics, loupes, sport engagement) with ANCOVA.

Results: Among 175 students (26.6±3.6 years, 66.9% females), 93.7% and 57.7% reported WMSD-pain in the past 12 months and 7 days, respectively. Females scored higher than males in pain intensity (p=.025), WMSD-pain prevalence in the past 7 days (p=.006), and number of painful body sites in the past 12 months (p=.006) and 7 days (p<.001). Clinical students had higher WMSD-pain prevalence (p<.001) and number of painful body sites (p<.001) in the past 7 days than preclinical students. Differences remained significant only among females.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of WMSD-pain was evident in dental students, with significant sex and academic stage differences.

Objective: To analyse the relationship between bruxism and musculoskeletal parameters of the cervical and mandibular regions in children and adolescents.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed with subjects from 6 to 16 years. Subjects were divided into bruxism (any type) and control groups. Descriptive data, jaw opening, upper cervical spine mobility, myofascial trigger points (MTPs) and muscular tension of the jaw and neck muscles, the activation pattern of neck flexors and activation of Deep Neck Flexors (DNF) were registered and compared between groups.

Results: 121 subjects participated in the study. Children and adolescents reporting bruxism showed a significant reduction in the contraction of DNF (p = .034) and the activation ratio (p = .035) compared to controls. Besides, MTPs of both masseters were significantly more frequent in subjects reporting bruxism (p = .001-0.002). No differences were found in other measurements.

Conclusion: Bruxism is related to a weaker contraction of DNF, a lower activation ratio, and a higher number of MTPs in masseters.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between sleep bruxism(SB) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with the use of validated questionnaires in a general population convenience sample.

Methods: SB behaviour was evaluated in accordance with the Subject-Based Assessment strategy recommended in the Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB). .To evaluate GERD-related symptoms, the GERD-Q questionnaire was adopted. To study the correlation between current SB and GERD, Spearman test was performed. Mann-Whitney-U test was adopted to compare GERD-related symptoms in two distinct group comparisons based on the presence of current SB and a history of SB, respectively.

Results: A significant but weak positive correlation between current SB and GERD was found (r = .112; p = .044). No significant differences in GERD-related symptoms between groups emerged.

Conclusions: This investigation showed a positive but weak correlation between current SB and GERD-related symptoms. Larger scale studies in representative samples are needed to further explore this correlation.

Objective: Between 5-12% of the population suffers from Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). TMDs are known for their multifactorial aetiology and one of the proposed associated factors is orofacial trauma. This study investigated the possible association between orofacial trauma and TMD in a tertiary referral clinic.

Methods: Patients were diagnosed with one or more TMD diagnoses; myalgia, arthralgia, headache associated with TMD and/or a TMD function diagnosis. 659 consenting patients were included. The majority were female. Ages ranged between 18 and 86 years. All patients were included in a logistic regression analysis, and 236 were included in a network analysis.

Results: Neither analysis yielded a statistically significant association between orofacial trauma and TMD. Results showed associations between psychosocial variables and TMD diagnoses.

Discussion: These results are contradictory to a recent review, where an association between orofacial trauma and TMD was found. The results on psychosocial variables and TMD diagnoses are corroborated by literature.

Conclusion: In conclusion, in this tertiary referral clinic, no association between orofacial trauma and TMD was found.

Objective: The maxillary canines have long been considered critical for dental function and aesthetics, with traditional practice prioritizing their preservation and alignment. However, this view often stems from outdated teachings rather than evidence-based principles, since there is no scientific support for the concept of canine-protected occlusion. Therefore, this commentary paper provides justification for extraction of severely impacted maxillary canines with first premolar substitution.

Results: In cases of severely impacted maxillary canines, orthodontic alignment may be associated with higher morbidity, unpredictable outcomes, prolonged treatment times, and increased patient burden. As an alternative, extracting the impacted canines and substituting the first premolars offers a viable, efficient solution that can achieve functional and aesthetic outcomes with fewer complications.

Conclusion: This paper challenges traditional perspectives on the management of impacted canines, advocating for an evidence-based approach that prioritizes patient-centered care.

Objective: This cross-sectional study evaluated associations between sleep disorders, pain, bruxism, and chronotypes in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) or post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) in orofacial area.

Methods: Ninety-four subjects (25 TN, 14 PHN, 55 controls) were evaluated for pain, sleep, chronotype, anxiety, depression, oral behaviors, and lifestyle by validated instruments. Bruxism was assessed by self-report. Between-group comparisons and associations using correlation and regression analysis were made.

Results: TN patients had more sleep disorders and depressive symptoms and poorer lifestyles. Morningness was more common in PHN. Pain and anxiety were correlated with lower sleep quality and oral risk behaviors, mainly in TN. Worse lifestyle in both groups was correlated to anxiety and depression, and morningness was correlated to better lifestyle in TN. No association was observed of sleep or awake bruxism with lifestyle, anxiety, or depression.

Conclusion: TN patients are more vulnerable to sleep disorders and psychosocial impacts of pain.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of serum vitamin D and B12, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium levels, and rheumatoid factor (RF) status in patients with bilateral temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and their correlations with clinical and radiological findings.

Methods: The clinical and radiologic findings and serum vitamin and mineral levels of 90 patients diagnosed with bilateral TMJ-OA were recorded. Descriptive statistics and the Spearman's Rho correlation test were performed.

Results: Low serum vitamin D and B12 levels were detected in 82 (91.1%) and 74 (82.2%) patients. Calcium and phosphorus levels were seen at low rates. RF status was recorded as unfavorable in all patients. Correlations were found between age and the serum vitamin and mineral levels, except phosphorus. Low serum vitamin D levels correlated with pain complaints at rest and painless MIO. Serum B12 levels correlated with condylar erosion. Serum magnesium levels correlated with painful MIO and condylar osteophyte.

Conclusion: Patients with bilateral TMJ-OA showed a high prevalence of low serum vitamin D and B12 levels.

Objective: Bruxism is repetitive masticatory muscle activity occurring during sleep or wakefulness. Once considered purely harmful, it is now recognized as having both risk (e.g., tooth wear, TMD) and protective roles (e.g., against sleep apnea, reflux). This study evaluated Finnish dental students' understanding of modern bruxism concepts and management.

Methods: A 17-question survey was sent to all Finnish dental students (n = 1000), with 220 responses analyzed using SPSS (version 28) via chi-square and Spearman correlation tests.

Results: Knowledge improved with study progression (p < .001), and students with formal bruxism education answered more accurately (p < .001). However, misconceptions about occlusion as a cause increased with study progression (p = .009) and instruction hours (p = .018).

Conclusion: While Finnish dental students demonstrate growing bruxism knowledge, outdated beliefs persist. Universities should update curricula with evidence-based content and promote critical evaluation of bruxism-related information.

Objective: To examine the relationship between non-physiological awake oral behaviors (NPAOB) and awake bruxism (AB) and symptoms of depression, distress, anxiety and somatization in adolescents.

Methods: A total of 100 adolescents aged 12-15 from Medellín, Colombia participated, with 79 completing the assessments after excluding those with known health conditions. The frequency of NPAOB and AB was evaluated using the oral behavior checklist (OBC). Symptoms of depression, anxiety, distress, and somatization were assessed with standardized instruments (PHQ-A, GAD-7, PSS-C and PHQ-15).

Results: Symptoms of depression did not represent a significant predictor of NPAOB, but it is of AB. The occurrence of anxiety symptoms led to a twofold increase in the likelihood of having NPAOB (OR>2; p<0.05), while anxiety, distress and somatization was associated with a more than three times higher probability of NPAOB and AB (OR>2;p<0.05).

Conclusion: Distress, anxiety, depression and somatization significantly influences NPAOB and AB in adolescents.