Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2026.102987
Jaehee Jung , Hyunha Kang , Eunjung Choo , Hye-Young Kang , Chang Wook Jeong , Ha-Lim Jeon , Hankil Lee
Introduction
The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is rapidly increasing with population aging. With the emergence of new androgen receptor-targeting agents beyond androgen deprivation therapy, the treatment paradigm for PC is expected to shift. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with PC in Korea over the past decade, with a particular focus on drug utilization.
Materials and methods
We conducted a prevalence-based cross-sectional study on all Korean patients who received medical care for PC between 2011 and 2021. Patient characteristics, including age, comorbidities, metastatic status, drug classes, and treatment patterns, were analyzed.
Results
In 2021, the prevalence of PC was 532 per 100,000 adult men, an increase of 170.45 %, from 220 per 100,000 adult men in 2011. The mean age of patients with PC in 2021 was 73.07 years, with more than 80 % aged 65 years or older. Comorbidities, such as diabetes, pulmonary diseases, and mild liver disease, were common. Androgen deprivation therapy remained the most common pharmacological treatment; however, the proportion of its use gradually decreased over time, and the introduction of androgen receptor-targeting agents led to a steady increase in their use.
Conclusions
This study provides real-world evidence of the epidemiology and therapeutic patterns of PC, thereby enhancing the understanding of the current clinical landscape in Korea.
{"title":"Prostate cancer in Korea: Nationwide trends in prevalence and medication use during 2011–2021","authors":"Jaehee Jung , Hyunha Kang , Eunjung Choo , Hye-Young Kang , Chang Wook Jeong , Ha-Lim Jeon , Hankil Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is rapidly increasing with population aging. With the emergence of new androgen receptor-targeting agents beyond androgen deprivation therapy, the treatment paradigm for PC is expected to shift. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with PC in Korea over the past decade, with a particular focus on drug utilization.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We conducted a prevalence-based cross-sectional study on all Korean patients who received medical care for PC between 2011 and 2021. Patient characteristics, including age, comorbidities, metastatic status, drug classes, and treatment patterns, were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, the prevalence of PC was 532 per 100,000 adult men, an increase of 170.45 %, from 220 per 100,000 adult men in 2011. The mean age of patients with PC in 2021 was 73.07 years, with more than 80 % aged 65 years or older. Comorbidities, such as diabetes, pulmonary diseases, and mild liver disease, were common. Androgen deprivation therapy remained the most common pharmacological treatment; however, the proportion of its use gradually decreased over time, and the introduction of androgen receptor-targeting agents led to a steady increase in their use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides real-world evidence of the epidemiology and therapeutic patterns of PC, thereby enhancing the understanding of the current clinical landscape in Korea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2026.103011
Thao Linh Ha , Thuy Ngan Tran , Sarah Hoeck , Guido Van Hal
Background
Timely follow-up colonoscopy after a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is essential for the effectiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs (CRC-SP). However, a substantial proportion of individuals fail to complete diagnostic follow-up. This study aimed to identify individual- and municipality-level factors associated with nonadherence to follow-up colonoscopy in the Flemish CRC-SP.
Methods
Individual-level data from the Flemish Centre for Cancer Detection (CCD), including 26,539 individuals with a positive FIT result in 2019, were linked with publicly available municipality-level indicators to assess demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare-related characteristics. The outcome was nonadherence to follow-up colonoscopy within one year after a positive FIT result. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed using a structured approach: univariable screening (p < 0.15), multicollinearity assessment, and variable selection using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. A random intercept for province was incorporated to account for potential clustering.
Results
A total of 5021 individuals (18.9 %) did not complete a follow-up colonoscopy within one year after a positive FIT result. In the final multivariable model, older age (65–69: OR = 1.12, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.21, p = 0.006; 70–74: OR = 1.29, 95 % CI: 1.20–1.40, p < 0.001), male gender (OR = 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.07–1.22, p < 0.001), and higher proportions of individuals living alone (OR = 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.00–1.03, p = 0.009) was associated with increased odds of nonadherence. In contrast, having a global medical dossier (GMD) were associated with better adherence (OR = 0.97, 95 % CI = 0.96–0.98, p < 0.001). Variance at the provincial level was negligible.
Conclusions
This study provides evidence to support targeted implementation strategies within the Flemish CRC-SP. Strengthening primary care involvement and addressing social determinants of health may improve follow-up colonoscopy rates and enhance the equity and effectiveness of the screening program.
粪便免疫化学试验（FIT）阳性后及时随访结肠镜检查对于结直肠癌（CRC）筛查计划（CRC- sp）的有效性至关重要。然而，相当大比例的个体未能完成诊断随访。本研究旨在确定佛兰德CRC-SP患者随访结肠镜检查依从性不符合的个人和城市因素。方法弗拉芒癌症检测中心（CCD）的个人数据，包括2019年FIT结果呈阳性的26,539人，与公开的市级指标相关联，以评估人口、社会经济和医疗保健相关特征。结果是在FIT阳性结果后一年内不坚持随访结肠镜检查。采用结构化方法建立了多变量逻辑回归模型：单变量筛选（p <； 0.15），多重共线性评估，以及使用最小绝对收缩和选择算子（LASSO）回归的变量选择。一个随机截距的省份被纳入考虑潜在的聚类。结果共有5021例（18.9 %）患者在FIT阳性后一年内未完成结肠镜随访。在最后的多变量模型中,老年人(65 - 69年:= 1.12,95 % CI: 1.03 - -1.21, p = 0.006;70 - 74年:= 1.29,95 % CI: 1.20 - -1.40, p & lt; 0.001),男性性别(或= 1.14,95 % CI: 1.07 - -1.22, p & lt; 0.001),和更高比例的个人独自生活(或= 1.02,95 % CI: 1.00 - -1.03, p = 0.009)与不依从的几率增加。相比之下，拥有全球医疗档案（GMD）与更好的依从性相关（OR = 0.97, 95 % CI = 0.96-0.98, p <； 0.001）。省一级的差异可以忽略不计。结论：本研究为支持佛兰德CRC-SP有针对性的实施策略提供了证据。加强初级保健的参与和解决健康的社会决定因素可以提高结肠镜检查的随访率，提高筛查项目的公平性和有效性。
{"title":"Determinants of colonoscopy adherence after positive colorectal cancer screening: Insights from individual and municipality-level data in Flanders","authors":"Thao Linh Ha , Thuy Ngan Tran , Sarah Hoeck , Guido Van Hal","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Timely follow-up colonoscopy after a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is essential for the effectiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs (CRC-SP). However, a substantial proportion of individuals fail to complete diagnostic follow-up. This study aimed to identify individual- and municipality-level factors associated with nonadherence to follow-up colonoscopy in the Flemish CRC-SP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Individual-level data from the Flemish Centre for Cancer Detection (CCD), including 26,539 individuals with a positive FIT result in 2019, were linked with publicly available municipality-level indicators to assess demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare-related characteristics. The outcome was nonadherence to follow-up colonoscopy within one year after a positive FIT result. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed using a structured approach: univariable screening (p < 0.15), multicollinearity assessment, and variable selection using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. A random intercept for province was incorporated to account for potential clustering.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 5021 individuals (18.9 %) did not complete a follow-up colonoscopy within one year after a positive FIT result. In the final multivariable model, older age (65–69: OR = 1.12, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.21, p = 0.006; 70–74: OR = 1.29, 95 % CI: 1.20–1.40, p < 0.001), male gender (OR = 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.07–1.22, p < 0.001), and higher proportions of individuals living alone (OR = 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.00–1.03, p = 0.009) was associated with increased odds of nonadherence. In contrast, having a global medical dossier (GMD) were associated with better adherence (OR = 0.97, 95 % CI = 0.96–0.98, p < 0.001). Variance at the provincial level was negligible.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides evidence to support targeted implementation strategies within the Flemish CRC-SP. Strengthening primary care involvement and addressing social determinants of health may improve follow-up colonoscopy rates and enhance the equity and effectiveness of the screening program.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2026.103012
Melanie Turner , Samuel Kent , Sharon Hanley , Peter Murchie
Background
Geographic inequalities in cancer outcomes are reported internationally, but little is known about associations between geography and head and neck cancer (HNC) in Scotland. We explored how travelling times to health services influences clinical characteristics, stage at diagnosis, treatment, and one-year mortality for HNC in Scotland.
Methods
We conducted a national, population-based, retrospective cohort study using linked administrative and clinical data covering all individuals diagnosed with HNC in Scotland between 2014 and 2019. We calculated and categorised their travelling times to key healthcare facilities and explored associations with key outcomes - HPV-status, stage at diagnosis, treatment received, and one-year mortality. Multivariable regression models adjusted for key confounders.
Results
6692 patients were included. Patients with the longest travelling time (≥ 60 min or island) were less likely to present with advanced-stage disease (OR 0.73, 95 % CI: 0.54–0.98) and were significantly less likely to die within one year (HR 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.46–0.88). No difference was observed in proportion of HPV-positive cancers across travel time categories. There were also no significant differences in proportions receiving surgery or treated within 31 days of diagnosis.
Conclusions
The association between geography and HNC in Scotland is complex and differs from previous studies in other cancers. Patients with the longest travel time had lower risk of advanced stage at presentation and reduced one-year mortality with no apparent difference in HPV-prevalence or treatment access. In context these findings suggest that travelling time disadvantage is not uniform across cancer types and highlights the need for cancer site–specific approaches to monitoring and reducing inequalities. This large, population-based analysis provides the most comprehensive assessment of HNC and geography in Scotland to date. Findings challenge assumptions of consistent travel time disadvantage and can inform policy on equitable cancer care delivery in the pre-pandemic era.
{"title":"Exploring associations between travel burden, clinical features, and outcomes from head and neck cancer in Scotland, UK","authors":"Melanie Turner , Samuel Kent , Sharon Hanley , Peter Murchie","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Geographic inequalities in cancer outcomes are reported internationally, but little is known about associations between geography and head and neck cancer (HNC) in Scotland. We explored how travelling times to health services influences clinical characteristics, stage at diagnosis, treatment, and one-year mortality for HNC in Scotland.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a national, population-based, retrospective cohort study using linked administrative and clinical data covering all individuals diagnosed with HNC in Scotland between 2014 and 2019. We calculated and categorised their travelling times to key healthcare facilities and explored associations with key outcomes - HPV-status, stage at diagnosis, treatment received, and one-year mortality. Multivariable regression models adjusted for key confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>6692 patients were included. Patients with the longest travelling time (≥ 60 min or island) were less likely to present with advanced-stage disease (OR 0.73, 95 % CI: 0.54–0.98) and were significantly less likely to die within one year (HR 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.46–0.88). No difference was observed in proportion of HPV-positive cancers across travel time categories. There were also no significant differences in proportions receiving surgery or treated within 31 days of diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The association between geography and HNC in Scotland is complex and differs from previous studies in other cancers. Patients with the longest travel time had lower risk of advanced stage at presentation and reduced one-year mortality with no apparent difference in HPV-prevalence or treatment access. In context these findings suggest that travelling time disadvantage is not uniform across cancer types and highlights the need for cancer site–specific approaches to monitoring and reducing inequalities. This large, population-based analysis provides the most comprehensive assessment of HNC and geography in Scotland to date. Findings challenge assumptions of consistent travel time disadvantage and can inform policy on equitable cancer care delivery in the pre-pandemic era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2026.102996
Joseph A. Dottino , Katherine E. Baumann , Katharine M. Esselen , Rebecca Costa , Stephanie Argetsinger , Dennis Ross-Degnan , Anita K. Wagner
Background
To assess population-level trends in use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) among ovarian cancer patients in the years following initial FDA approvals.
Methods
A national, commercial and Medicare Advantage insurance claims database was used to identify patients with ovarian cancer from 2015 to 2021. Year of ovarian cancer diagnosis was categorized by initial period of PARPi approval for treatment indication (2015–2016) and expanded period of PARPi approval for treatment and maintenance indications (2017–2021). Clinical and demographic characteristics were assessed. The primary outcome was proportion of patients with PARPi dispensings. Time from first observed ovarian cancer diagnosis to first observed PARPi dispensing was calculated.
Results
Of 23,165 patients with ovarian cancer, most were 65 years or older (62.8 %) and had Medicare Advantage insurance (66.2 %). More patients diagnosed in the expanded compared to the initial approval period received PARPi (9.8 % vs. 6.6 %, p < 0.0001) and within less time from diagnosis to PARPi initiation (HR: 2.31, 95 % CI 2.06, 2.59). Age over 65 was associated with lower likelihood of PARPi receipt (OR: 0.85, 95 % CI 0.74, 0.98). In the initial approval period, patients residing in non-white zip codes were more likely to receive a PARPi (OR: 1.61, 95 % CI 1.19, 2.18) and frail patients were less likely to receive a PARPi (OR: 0.41, 95 % CI 0.22, 0.78).
Conclusion
Since 2015, PARPi use increased among ovarian cancer patients, and time from diagnosis to PARPi receipt decreased, reflecting expanded PARPi indications over time. Monitoring demographic and clinical characteristics of PARPi recipients may help assess population-level use of novel therapeutics.
本研究旨在评估FDA批准卵巢癌患者使用聚（adp -核糖）聚合酶抑制剂（PARPis）后的人群水平趋势。方法使用国家、商业和联邦医疗保险优势保险索赔数据库识别2015年至2021年的卵巢癌患者。卵巢癌诊断年份按PARPi治疗适应症批准初始期（2015-2016年）和PARPi治疗和维持适应症批准延长期（2017-2021年）进行分类。评估临床和人口学特征。主要终点是使用PARPi配药的患者比例。计算首次观察到卵巢癌诊断至首次观察到PARPi配药的时间。结果在23,165例卵巢癌患者中，大多数年龄在65岁及以上（62.8 %），并有医疗保险优势（66.2% %）。与最初的批准期相比，更多的患者在扩大的批准期接受了PARPi(9.8 % vs. 6.6 %,p <； 0.0001)，并且从诊断到PARPi启动的时间更短（HR: 2.31, 95 % CI 2.06, 2.59）。65岁以上的患者接受PARPi的可能性较低（OR: 0.85, 95 % CI 0.74, 0.98）。在最初的批准期内，居住在非白人邮政编码地区的患者更有可能接受PARPi (OR: 1.61, 95 % CI 1.19, 2.18)，体弱患者更不可能接受PARPi （OR: 0.41, 95 % CI 0.22, 0.78）。结论自2015年以来，卵巢癌患者使用PARPi的人数增加，从诊断到接受PARPi的时间缩短，反映PARPi适应证随着时间的推移而扩大。监测PARPi接受者的人口学和临床特征可能有助于评估新疗法在人群水平上的使用情况。
{"title":"Trends in use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) in ovarian cancer","authors":"Joseph A. Dottino , Katherine E. Baumann , Katharine M. Esselen , Rebecca Costa , Stephanie Argetsinger , Dennis Ross-Degnan , Anita K. Wagner","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To assess population-level trends in use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) among ovarian cancer patients in the years following initial FDA approvals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A national, commercial and Medicare Advantage insurance claims database was used to identify patients with ovarian cancer from 2015 to 2021. Year of ovarian cancer diagnosis was categorized by initial period of PARPi approval for treatment indication (2015–2016) and expanded period of PARPi approval for treatment and maintenance indications (2017–2021). Clinical and demographic characteristics were assessed. The primary outcome was proportion of patients with PARPi dispensings. Time from first observed ovarian cancer diagnosis to first observed PARPi dispensing was calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 23,165 patients with ovarian cancer, most were 65 years or older (62.8 %) and had Medicare Advantage insurance (66.2 %). More patients diagnosed in the expanded compared to the initial approval period received PARPi (9.8 % vs. 6.6 %, p < 0.0001) and within less time from diagnosis to PARPi initiation (HR: 2.31, 95 % CI 2.06, 2.59). Age over 65 was associated with lower likelihood of PARPi receipt (OR: 0.85, 95 % CI 0.74, 0.98). In the initial approval period, patients residing in non-white zip codes were more likely to receive a PARPi (OR: 1.61, 95 % CI 1.19, 2.18) and frail patients were less likely to receive a PARPi (OR: 0.41, 95 % CI 0.22, 0.78).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Since 2015, PARPi use increased among ovarian cancer patients, and time from diagnosis to PARPi receipt decreased, reflecting expanded PARPi indications over time. Monitoring demographic and clinical characteristics of PARPi recipients may help assess population-level use of novel therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2026.102988
Christèle Asmar , Raphaël Asmar , Maria Al Rachid , Carole Kesrouani , Viviane Trak-Smayra , Hampig Raphaël Kourié , Joseph Gharios
Background
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare tumors, making up 0.5 % of all cancers, with around 65 % found in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system, with increasing occurrence globally in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies GEP-NENs into two main groups: neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas according to the new 2022 classification.
Aim
To provide updated epidemiological data on GEP-NENs diagnosed at a tertiary referral center in Beirut, Lebanon, using the WHO 2022 classification, and to describe changes in incidence, demographics, and tumor characteristics compared with previously reported data.
Methods
This retrospective study included patients treated at Hotel Dieu de France, from January 2013 to June 2024, with histologically confirmed GEP-NENs and complete medical records available. GEP-NENs were categorized based on their primary site and pathology reports reanalyzed according to the WHO 2022 classification. Data were then collected on patient demographics, primary tumor site, tumor grade and presence of metastasis at diagnosis.
Results
Among 194 NENs diagnosed during the study period, 74 were GEP-NENs (25.2 %). The mean age at diagnosis was 59.8 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.61. Of patients with available grading data, 39.0 % were classified as NET G1, 34.4 % as NET G2, and 26.6 % as high-grade disease (NET G3 and NEC combined). Compared with data from the previous decade, a lower proportion of G1 tumors and higher proportions of G2 and G3 tumors were observed, along with higher frequencies of pancreatic and hepatic primaries and lower rates of colonic and duodenal primaries. NET G3 and NECs were most frequently located in the liver, ampulla of Vater, and colon. All colorectal GEP-NENs identified were metastatic at diagnosis.
Conclusion
GEP-NENs in this cohort were more frequently diagnosed with higher histological grades and metastatic disease compared to the previous decade, a pattern observed during a period marked by major socioeconomic disruption and the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Unicentric retrospective study of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Updated epidemiological insights","authors":"Christèle Asmar , Raphaël Asmar , Maria Al Rachid , Carole Kesrouani , Viviane Trak-Smayra , Hampig Raphaël Kourié , Joseph Gharios","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare tumors, making up 0.5 % of all cancers, with around 65 % found in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system, with increasing occurrence globally in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies GEP-NENs into two main groups: neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas according to the new 2022 classification.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To provide updated epidemiological data on GEP-NENs diagnosed at a tertiary referral center in Beirut, Lebanon, using the WHO 2022 classification, and to describe changes in incidence, demographics, and tumor characteristics compared with previously reported data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included patients treated at Hotel Dieu de France, from January 2013 to June 2024, with histologically confirmed GEP-NENs and complete medical records available. GEP-NENs were categorized based on their primary site and pathology reports reanalyzed according to the WHO 2022 classification. Data were then collected on patient demographics, primary tumor site, tumor grade and presence of metastasis at diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 194 NENs diagnosed during the study period, 74 were GEP-NENs (25.2 %). The mean age at diagnosis was 59.8 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.61. Of patients with available grading data, 39.0 % were classified as NET G1, 34.4 % as NET G2, and 26.6 % as high-grade disease (NET G3 and NEC combined). Compared with data from the previous decade, a lower proportion of G1 tumors and higher proportions of G2 and G3 tumors were observed, along with higher frequencies of pancreatic and hepatic primaries and lower rates of colonic and duodenal primaries. NET G3 and NECs were most frequently located in the liver, ampulla of Vater, and colon. All colorectal GEP-NENs identified were metastatic at diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GEP-NENs in this cohort were more frequently diagnosed with higher histological grades and metastatic disease compared to the previous decade, a pattern observed during a period marked by major socioeconomic disruption and the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2026.103018
Andrea Miquel-Dominguez , Eng Hooi Tan , Edward Burn , Antonella Delmestri , Talita Duarte-Salles , Asieh Golozar , Wai Yi Man , Daniel Prieto-Alhambra , Francesc Xavier Avilés-Jurado , Danielle Newby
Background
Understanding the changing burden of head and neck cancers (HNC) is essential to guide public health interventions and inform cancer care strategies.
Methods
We conducted a cohort study using routinely collected primary care data Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD from the United Kingdom. Adults aged ≥ 18 years with ≥ 1 year of prior history were included. We estimated crude and age-standardised incidence rates (IRs) and one-, five-, and ten-year survival from 2000 to 2021, stratified by age and calendar year. Findings from CPRD GOLD were compared with primary care data from CPRD Aurum (England only).
Results
There were 12,455 patients with a diagnosis of HNC from CPRD GOLD (69.2 % male; median age 64 years). Crude incidence in GOLD increased from 9.08 (95 % CI: 7.88–10.42) per 100,000 person-years in 2000–15.59 (14.07–17.23) in 2021, with similar trends observed in CPRD Aurum. Age-standardised incidence trends were attenuated overall but remained elevated for oropharyngeal and tongue cancers. Five-year survival improved modestly, from 53.8 % (95 % CI: 51.4–56.3 %) in 2000–2004–58.7 % (56.5–60.9 %) in 2015–2019.
Conclusions
Incidence increases for HNC were attenuated after age standardisation, suggesting a contribution of demographic ageing, although elevations persisted for specific subsites. Small improvements in long term survival highlights more research is needed to improve earlier diagnosis which will lead to better patient outcomes.
{"title":"Incidence and survival of head and neck cancers in the United Kingdom 2000–2021","authors":"Andrea Miquel-Dominguez , Eng Hooi Tan , Edward Burn , Antonella Delmestri , Talita Duarte-Salles , Asieh Golozar , Wai Yi Man , Daniel Prieto-Alhambra , Francesc Xavier Avilés-Jurado , Danielle Newby","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Understanding the changing burden of head and neck cancers (HNC) is essential to guide public health interventions and inform cancer care strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cohort study using routinely collected primary care data Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD from the United Kingdom. Adults aged ≥ 18 years with ≥ 1 year of prior history were included. We estimated crude and age-standardised incidence rates (IRs) and one-, five-, and ten-year survival from 2000 to 2021, stratified by age and calendar year. Findings from CPRD GOLD were compared with primary care data from CPRD Aurum (England only).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 12,455 patients with a diagnosis of HNC from CPRD GOLD (69.2 % male; median age 64 years). Crude incidence in GOLD increased from 9.08 (95 % CI: 7.88–10.42) per 100,000 person-years in 2000–15.59 (14.07–17.23) in 2021, with similar trends observed in CPRD Aurum. Age-standardised incidence trends were attenuated overall but remained elevated for oropharyngeal and tongue cancers. Five-year survival improved modestly, from 53.8 % (95 % CI: 51.4–56.3 %) in 2000–2004–58.7 % (56.5–60.9 %) in 2015–2019.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Incidence increases for HNC were attenuated after age standardisation, suggesting a contribution of demographic ageing, although elevations persisted for specific subsites. Small improvements in long term survival highlights more research is needed to improve earlier diagnosis which will lead to better patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2026.102998
Anjali Gupta , Tomi Akinyemiju
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Early-onset cancer incidence in the United States by race/ethnicity between 2011 and 2020” [Cancer Epidemiol. 92 (2024) 102632]","authors":"Anjali Gupta , Tomi Akinyemiju","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2026.103020
Tanmay Bagade , Nadom Safi , Nada Hamad , Antoinette Anazodo , Marc Remond , Elizabeth Sullivan
Background
Pregnancy-associated haematological cancers (PAHC) are rare but may have profound impacts on maternal and neonatal outcomes. We aimed to describe the incidence, survival rates, and perinatal outcomes associated with PAHC in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
Methods
Utilising seven datasets, we performed a population-based retrospective cohort study, linking data for all women who gave birth in NSW from 1994 to 2013, and tracked mortality outcomes up to 2018. Women and their babies were stratified into three groups: gestational haematological cancer (HC), postpartum HC group, and pregnant women not diagnosed with cancer. Descriptive statistics, incidence, mortality rate, survival probability, and a composite severe maternal morbidity outcome indicator (MMOI) and composite neonatal adverse outcome indicator (NAOI) were calculated and compared between groups. We also conducted a sub-group analysis of women with lymphoma and leukaemia.
Findings
Of the 1786,302 pregnancies included in the cohort, 224 women were diagnosed with PAHC. The overall incidence of PAHC was 12.5/100,000 women giving birth, which increased by 4 % yearly over the study period. The overall mortality rate was 15.5/1000 and 20/1000 women-years in the gestational HC and postpartum HC groups, respectively. Gestational HCs were associated with higher odds of MMOI (AOR 17.39 (95 % CI: 9.88–30.59) and NAOI (AOR 4.69 (95 % CI: 2.43–9.03) compared to postpartum HC and pregnant women not diagnosed with cancer.
Interpretation
Over the two-decade study period, we observed a significant increase in the incidence of PAHCs, with an associated higher maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity for women with gestational HCs. Our results emphasise the critical importance of decision-making and clinical practice regarding the continuation of pregnancy and cancer management for women diagnosed with PAHCs.
{"title":"Haematological cancer in pregnancy in New South Wales, Australia: A population-based retrospective cohort study","authors":"Tanmay Bagade , Nadom Safi , Nada Hamad , Antoinette Anazodo , Marc Remond , Elizabeth Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pregnancy-associated haematological cancers (PAHC) are rare but may have profound impacts on maternal and neonatal outcomes. We aimed to describe the incidence, survival rates, and perinatal outcomes associated with PAHC in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Utilising seven datasets, we performed a population-based retrospective cohort study, linking data for all women who gave birth in NSW from 1994 to 2013, and tracked mortality outcomes up to 2018. Women and their babies were stratified into three groups: gestational haematological cancer (HC), postpartum HC group, and pregnant women not diagnosed with cancer. Descriptive statistics, incidence, mortality rate, survival probability, and a composite severe maternal morbidity outcome indicator (MMOI) and composite neonatal adverse outcome indicator (NAOI) were calculated and compared between groups. We also conducted a sub-group analysis of women with lymphoma and leukaemia.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Of the 1786,302 pregnancies included in the cohort, 224 women were diagnosed with PAHC. The overall incidence of PAHC was 12.5/100,000 women giving birth, which increased by 4 % yearly over the study period. The overall mortality rate was 15.5/1000 and 20/1000 women-years in the gestational HC and postpartum HC groups, respectively. Gestational HCs were associated with higher odds of MMOI (AOR 17.39 (95 % CI: 9.88–30.59) and NAOI (AOR 4.69 (95 % CI: 2.43–9.03) compared to postpartum HC and pregnant women not diagnosed with cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Over the two-decade study period, we observed a significant increase in the incidence of PAHCs, with an associated higher maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity for women with gestational HCs. Our results emphasise the critical importance of decision-making and clinical practice regarding the continuation of pregnancy and cancer management for women diagnosed with PAHCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2026.103021
Mengmeng Ji , John H. Huber , Mei Wang , Tuo Lan , Graham A. Colditz , Shi-Yi Wang , Su-Hsin Chang
Objective
Current evidence regarding the association between obesity and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) remains inconsistent. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between objectively measured obesity markers and prevalent MGUS using nationally representative data from the U.S. population.
Method
Data came from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988–1994) and continuous NHANES (1999–2004). We estimated multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between MGUS and seven obesity markers (i.e., baseline body mass index (BMI), maximum lifetime BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), total body fat, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage) using logistic regression. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in NHANES 1999–2004 and tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in NHANES III.
Results
The study included 200 participants with MGUS in NHANES III (1988–1994) and 164 with MGUS in NHANES 1999–2004, compared with 12,043 participants without MGUS. In multivariate logistic regression analysis with DXA measurements, each 1 %age point increase in body fat percentage was associated with a 4 % higher odds of MGUS (aOR: 1.04, 95 % CI [1.01, 1.07]) and a 6 % higher odds of non-IgM MGUS (aOR: 1.06, 95 % CI [1.02, 1.10]). No statistically significant associations were found between MGUS and other obesity markers, including baseline BMI, maximum lifetime BMI, WC, WHR, and fat-free mass.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that obesity is associated with an increased odds of MGUS. However, many obesity markers, including the commonly used BMI, do not adequately capture this association.
{"title":"The association between body fatness and prevalent MGUS in the U.S. general population","authors":"Mengmeng Ji , John H. Huber , Mei Wang , Tuo Lan , Graham A. Colditz , Shi-Yi Wang , Su-Hsin Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Current evidence regarding the association between obesity and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) remains inconsistent. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between objectively measured obesity markers and prevalent MGUS using nationally representative data from the U.S. population.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data came from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988–1994) and continuous NHANES (1999–2004). We estimated multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between MGUS and seven obesity markers (i.e., baseline body mass index (BMI), maximum lifetime BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), total body fat, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage) using logistic regression. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in NHANES 1999–2004 and tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in NHANES III.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 200 participants with MGUS in NHANES III (1988–1994) and 164 with MGUS in NHANES 1999–2004, compared with 12,043 participants without MGUS. In multivariate logistic regression analysis with DXA measurements, each 1 %age point increase in body fat percentage was associated with a 4 % higher odds of MGUS (aOR: 1.04, 95 % CI [1.01, 1.07]) and a 6 % higher odds of non-IgM MGUS (aOR: 1.06, 95 % CI [1.02, 1.10]). No statistically significant associations were found between MGUS and other obesity markers, including baseline BMI, maximum lifetime BMI, WC, WHR, and fat-free mass.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings indicate that obesity is associated with an increased odds of MGUS. However, many obesity markers, including the commonly used BMI, do not adequately capture this association.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146215069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cervical cancer remains common among Thai women, but nationwide evidence on incidence and survival is limited. This study analyzed trends over the past decade.
Methods
We conducted a nationwide, retrospective cohort study using data from the Thai national population-based cancer registry. The study included women diagnosed with cervical cancer between 2012 and 2022. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated using the WHO standard population. Relative survival was estimated using the Ederer II method, based on national life tables.
Results
A total of 47,220 newly diagnosed cervical cancer cases were included. The ASR ranged from 7.69 to 11.18 per 100,000 women. Incidence increased from 2012 to 2015 (slope = +0.43), then declined until 2021 (slope = –0.36), with a slight resurgence in 2022. Younger women (aged 30–39 years) exhibited a steadily increasing incidence trend. The overall 5-year relative survival rate was 75 % (95 % CI, 74–75 %), and survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years declined progressively throughout the study period.
Conclusion
While cervical cancer incidence in Thailand declined overall from 2012 to 2022, rates increased among younger women. Relative survival also declined over time. These findings underscore the need to re-evaluate national screening strategies, particularly for younger populations, and to strengthen timely access to diagnosis and treatment.
{"title":"Incidence trends and survival of cervical cancer: A population-based study on Thai Cancer registry database","authors":"Apirak Nguanboonmak , Boonyita Pakkaranang , Marut Yanaranop , Pichaya Tantiyavarong","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cervical cancer remains common among Thai women, but nationwide evidence on incidence and survival is limited. This study analyzed trends over the past decade.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a nationwide, retrospective cohort study using data from the Thai national population-based cancer registry. The study included women diagnosed with cervical cancer between 2012 and 2022. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated using the WHO standard population. Relative survival was estimated using the Ederer II method, based on national life tables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 47,220 newly diagnosed cervical cancer cases were included. The ASR ranged from 7.69 to 11.18 per 100,000 women. Incidence increased from 2012 to 2015 (slope = +0.43), then declined until 2021 (slope = –0.36), with a slight resurgence in 2022. Younger women (aged 30–39 years) exhibited a steadily increasing incidence trend. The overall 5-year relative survival rate was 75 % (95 % CI, 74–75 %), and survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years declined progressively throughout the study period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While cervical cancer incidence in Thailand declined overall from 2012 to 2022, rates increased among younger women. Relative survival also declined over time. These findings underscore the need to re-evaluate national screening strategies, particularly for younger populations, and to strengthen timely access to diagnosis and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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