Cancer Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 4th Edition (ICD-O-4): An overview","authors":"Ariana Znaor ,&nbsp;Brian Rous ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Goldman Levy ,&nbsp;Reiko Watanabe ,&nbsp;Robert Jakob ,&nbsp;Eva Krpelanova ,&nbsp;Harshima D. Wijesinghe ,&nbsp;Pavitratha Puspanathan ,&nbsp;Ian A. Cree ,&nbsp;Freddie Bray ,&nbsp;Dilani Lokuhetty","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) was specifically developed for coding tumours according to their site of origin (topography), microscopic appearance or histology, behaviour and grade (morphology), and is optimal for use in cancer registries. The fourth edition of the ICD-O (ICD-O-4) aims to provide an improved structure of unique codes to existent and newly defined tumour entities and has been harmonised with the International Classification of Diseases 11th Edition (ICD-11).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on an International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR) survey of cancer registries, over 90 % of the respondents (250 of 276) agreed to an update of ICD-O-3.2 morphology by the addition of a fifth digit to the existing four-digit histology code. Following the 5th Edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours (WCT), a beta version of ICD-O-4 was developed and disseminated for open consultation by the International Agency on Research for Cancer (IARC) on the WCT website.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following closure of the consultation period, the ICD-O-4 codes were finalized. The main changes in comparison to ICD-O-3.2 include the addition of a 5th alphanumeric digit to the histology code, changes in the first four digits of histology codes, changes of behaviour codes (e.g. pituitary adenoma code changed from /1 to /3), a new topography code for gastroesophageal junction (C16.7), detailed codes for extrahepatic bile ducts (C24.2, C24.3) and cystic duct (C24.4), change of the code for anal skin cancer from skin to anus (C44.5 to C21.3) and an optional additional digit in the topography code.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ICD-O-4 is compiled in consultation with pathologists, epidemiologists, public health researchers as well as the cancer registry community. The five-digit histology codes enable a hierarchical and detailed coding of tumours, while the new topography and behaviour codes reflect the evidence base on tumour aetiology, stage and behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival of all cancer sites combined: Partitioning of temporal changes into cancer, non-cancer and case-mix","authors":"Paul C. Lambert ,&nbsp;Yngvar Nilssen ,&nbsp;Tor Åge Myklebust ,&nbsp;Bjarte Aagnes ,&nbsp;Bjørn Møller ,&nbsp;Mark J. Rutherford","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying cancer survival is a crucial component of cancer surveillance and control. Survival for all cancers combined is an overall summary to explore differences between population groups and over time. Net survival is the usual measure for reporting survival for all cancers combined. Differences in the cancer site distribution between groups can be adjusted for using standardization. We propose using individual weights incorporated into the Pohar Perme estimator of net survival for standardized all cancers combined survival estimates, rather than a weighted average of stratum specific estimates. This removes sparse data problems, where estimates are unobtainable for some strata. Extending to reference adjusted all-cause survival gives an alternative, interpretable measure, enabling partitioning of all-cause survival differences into those due to cancer site/age/sex distribution differences, other cause mortality differences and cancer mortality differences. We illustrate the methods using data on 749 889 individuals diagnosed with cancer in Norway 1986–2021. Using individual weights gives very similar estimates to traditional and model-based standardization and avoids using ad-hoc sparse data methods. Reference adjusted all-cause survival provides measures with simpler interpretation. For example, between 1986 and 1990 and 2016–2021 there was a 25.9 %age point improvement in 5-year all-cause survival. This improvement was partitioned into changes in the site/age/sex distribution (2.0), changes in other cause mortality rates (4.4) with the majority (19.6) due to improvements in cancer survival. Survival of all cancers combined is easily analyzed non-parametrically using individual weights. Reference adjusted all-cause survival gives a more interpretable measure improving understanding of differences over time/between groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing patterns in tongue, oral cavity, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in New Zealand: Incidence, trends and survival from 2006 to 2022","authors":"Thu Thu Win Myint ,&nbsp;Nick McIvor ,&nbsp;Richard Douglas ,&nbsp;Alana Cavadino ,&nbsp;Sandar Tin Tin ,&nbsp;Mark Elwood","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102995","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, and hypopharynx have traditionally been associated with common risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use. With changes in smoking and drinking patterns, the incidence of these cancers is expected to change. Although the incidence of oral cavity cancer has been reported recently, there is limited evidence available for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers in New Zealand (NZ). Furthermore, while growing evidence suggests increasing incidence of tongue cancer among females and young individuals, this trend has not been investigated in NZ. This study will therefore assess the incidence rates, trends in incidence, and survival of tongue, other oral cavity, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study included patients with a primary diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) oral tongue, other oral cavity, larynx and hypopharynx, which were retrieved from the National Cancer Registry from 2006 to 2022. Directly age-standardised incidence rates were calculated, using the World Health Organisation standard population. Time trends were analysed with joinpoint regression to identify annual percentage changes (APCs), and overall and relative survival rates were estimated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The average annual incidence rate per 100,000 population was 1.2 for oral tongue SCC, 1.0 for other oral cavity SCC, 1.1 for laryngeal SCC, and 0.3 for hypopharyngeal SCC. Males consistently showed a higher incidence rate than females for all tumours except oral tongue SCC, where the incidence rates in older-aged females were higher than that of their male counterparts. Incidence rates differed by ethnicity, with Pasifika having higher incidence rates for oral tongue and other oral cavity SCC, and Māori for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal SCC, compared to European. Over the past 17 years, trends in incidence rates of laryngeal SCC declined significantly with 5 % per year overall and across all sexes, age groups and ethnic groups, whereas those of oral tongue, other oral cavity and hypopharyngeal SCC remained stable. Both overall and relative survival rates were highest for oral tongue SCC and lowest for hypopharyngeal SCC. The 5-year relative survival rates were 73 % for oral tongue SCC, 58 % for other oral cavity SCC, 67 % for laryngeal SCC and 42 % for hypopharyngeal SCC. In addition to age effects, survival outcomes varied by ethnicity, with notable disparity observed among Māori for other oral cavity and laryngeal SCC.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study confirms a consistent decline in laryngeal SCC incidence rates in New Zealand over the last 17 years. However, no such decline was observed for oral tongue, other oral cavity, and hypopharyngeal SCC. The findings suggest that the risk attributed by common risk factors such as smoking may vary between tumour sites and demographic groups, particularly for oral tongue SCC.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequalities in survival among children with central nervous system cancers and neuroblastoma: A population-based study","authors":"Nina Afshar ,&nbsp;Darren Qiang ,&nbsp;Simon Cheah ,&nbsp;Roger L. Milne","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inequalities in adult cancer survival by sex, socio-economic position, and rural-urban residence are well established; however, evidence for childhood cancers, particularly site-specific survival, remains limited and inconsistent. This study investigated whether these inequalities exist among children diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) cancers or neuroblastoma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a population-based study using Victorian Cancer Registry data including 1324 children aged 0–14 years when diagnosed with CNS cancers (n = 933) or neuroblastoma (n = 391) in 1982–2021. Follow-up was conducted through linkage with death registries up to the end of 2021. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality in relation to sex, area-level socio-economic disadvantage, and remoteness of residence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was weak evidence of higher mortality in males than females for both CNS cancers (HR=1.16; 95 % CI: 0.96–1.41) and neuroblastoma (HR=1.29; 95 % CI: 0.92–1.80). Survival was poorer among children living in the most disadvantaged areas (highest quintile): 54 % higher mortality for CNS cancers (HR=1.54; 95 % CI: 1.09–2.18) and 89 % higher for neuroblastoma (HR=1.89; 95 % CI: 0.99–3.61) compared to those in the least disadvantaged areas (lowest quintile). Children with neuroblastoma living outside major cities had higher mortality (HR=1.43; 95 % CI: 1.01–2.02) than those in major cities, which was attenuated (HR=1.32; 95 % CI: 0.92–1.88) after adjustment for socio-economic disadvantage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Children with CNS cancers and neuroblastoma living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas experienced poorer survival outcomes. There was weaker evidence for poorer survival in males and those living outside major cities. These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to address survival inequalities in these childhood cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease as a contributing cause of cancer mortality: A population-based analysis of United States death certificate data (1999–2020)","authors":"Sanchit Mehta ,&nbsp;Lovy Arora ,&nbsp;Netra Agarwal ,&nbsp;Asha Khubchandani","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emerging evidence suggests a complex bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. However, population-level data characterizing the burden of cardiovascular comorbidities at the time of cancer-attributable death remains limited. We analyzed the association between the presence of cardiovascular disease on death certificates and cancer mortality patterns across demographic groups using national mortality data from 1999 to 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using CDC WONDER multiple cause-of-death data, we analyzed records of adults ≥ 18 years with cancer as the underlying cause of death. CVD comorbidity was defined as any cardiovascular condition (ICD-10 I00-I99) listed as a contributing cause. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 population and rate ratios, stratified by demographics and cancer types.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 13,847,293 cancer deaths, 4521,847 (32.6 %) had cardiovascular disease listed as a contributing cause. The overall AAMR for cancer deaths with CVD was 47.75 per 100,000 (95 % CI: 47.66–47.85). Males showed higher rates than females (62.26 vs 37.22 per 100,000, rate ratio 1.67). Non-Hispanic Black populations had the highest burden (57.10 per 100,000), while Asian/Pacific Islander populations had the lowest (30.80 per 100,000). For lung cancer, mortality rates were substantially higher when CVD was present, with rate ratios ranging from 1.70 to 2.43; however, this association is likely attributable to profound unmeasured confounding by shared risk factors such as smoking.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cardiovascular disease is listed as a contributing factor in nearly one-third of all cancer deaths, with distinct demographic patterns. These findings highlight the significant burden of cardiovascular comorbidities documented on death certificates at the end of life for cancer patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Association between blood cholesterol profile and risk of lung cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies”","authors":"Sushma Narsing Katkuri,&nbsp;Zarine Khan,&nbsp;Rhushvi Thakkar,&nbsp;Archana Dhyani,&nbsp;Hariharan Srinivasan","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.103000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostate cancer in Korea: Nationwide trends in prevalence and medication use during 2011–2021","authors":"Jaehee Jung ,&nbsp;Hyunha Kang ,&nbsp;Eunjung Choo ,&nbsp;Hye-Young Kang ,&nbsp;Chang Wook Jeong ,&nbsp;Ha-Lim Jeon ,&nbsp;Hankil Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is rapidly increasing with population aging. With the emergence of new androgen receptor-targeting agents beyond androgen deprivation therapy, the treatment paradigm for PC is expected to shift. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with PC in Korea over the past decade, with a particular focus on drug utilization.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We conducted a prevalence-based cross-sectional study on all Korean patients who received medical care for PC between 2011 and 2021. Patient characteristics, including age, comorbidities, metastatic status, drug classes, and treatment patterns, were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, the prevalence of PC was 532 per 100,000 adult men, an increase of 170.45 %, from 220 per 100,000 adult men in 2011. The mean age of patients with PC in 2021 was 73.07 years, with more than 80 % aged 65 years or older. Comorbidities, such as diabetes, pulmonary diseases, and mild liver disease, were common. Androgen deprivation therapy remained the most common pharmacological treatment; however, the proportion of its use gradually decreased over time, and the introduction of androgen receptor-targeting agents led to a steady increase in their use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides real-world evidence of the epidemiology and therapeutic patterns of PC, thereby enhancing the understanding of the current clinical landscape in Korea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unicentric retrospective study of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Updated epidemiological insights","authors":"Christèle Asmar ,&nbsp;Raphaël Asmar ,&nbsp;Maria Al Rachid ,&nbsp;Carole Kesrouani ,&nbsp;Viviane Trak-Smayra ,&nbsp;Hampig Raphaël Kourié ,&nbsp;Joseph Gharios","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare tumors, making up 0.5 % of all cancers, with around 65 % found in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system, with increasing occurrence globally in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies GEP-NENs into two main groups: neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas according to the new 2022 classification.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To provide updated epidemiological data on GEP-NENs diagnosed at a tertiary referral center in Beirut, Lebanon, using the WHO 2022 classification, and to describe changes in incidence, demographics, and tumor characteristics compared with previously reported data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included patients treated at Hotel Dieu de France, from January 2013 to June 2024, with histologically confirmed GEP-NENs and complete medical records available. GEP-NENs were categorized based on their primary site and pathology reports reanalyzed according to the WHO 2022 classification. Data were then collected on patient demographics, primary tumor site, tumor grade and presence of metastasis at diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 194 NENs diagnosed during the study period, 74 were GEP-NENs (25.2 %). The mean age at diagnosis was 59.8 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.61. Of patients with available grading data, 39.0 % were classified as NET G1, 34.4 % as NET G2, and 26.6 % as high-grade disease (NET G3 and NEC combined). Compared with data from the previous decade, a lower proportion of G1 tumors and higher proportions of G2 and G3 tumors were observed, along with higher frequencies of pancreatic and hepatic primaries and lower rates of colonic and duodenal primaries. NET G3 and NECs were most frequently located in the liver, ampulla of Vater, and colon. All colorectal GEP-NENs identified were metastatic at diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GEP-NENs in this cohort were more frequently diagnosed with higher histological grades and metastatic disease compared to the previous decade, a pattern observed during a period marked by major socioeconomic disruption and the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk score development for pancreatic cancer in Chinese men: A population-based cohort study","authors":"Jie Cai ,&nbsp;Hongda Chen ,&nbsp;Yuhan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Lu ,&nbsp;Ming Lu ,&nbsp;Chenyu Luo ,&nbsp;Lei You ,&nbsp;Min Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor without effective screening methods in the general population. This study aimed to develop a PC risk score to identify men at high risk for PC for early intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on a prospective cohort study conducted in China in 2006, 90,402 men with at least two fasting blood glucose (FBG) measurements were included in this study. The PC risk model was developed using Cox regression, including the risk factors for age, total cholesterol, FBG and body mass index (BMI) change rate. The power of discrimination was examined using Harrell’s C-index and time-dependent area under curves (AUCs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the 10-year follow-up period, 82 men developed PC (total person-years: 821,346). Age, total cholesterol level, FBG and BMI change rate were included in the final PC risk model, with a C-index of 0.754 (95 % CI 0.709–0.799). After internal validation, the AUCs of the model in different years (2, 5, 8, and 10 years) were &gt; 0.700 in all men and in men without diabetes. In the derived scoring system (score range:-2–10), there was an approximately 40 % increased risk (Hazard ratio, 1.415; 95 % CI, 1.291–1.550) with every 1-point increase. Participants with the top 20 % scores (6–10 points) had a 30-fold increased risk of PC compared with individuals in the lowest score group (-2 – -1 points).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A scoring system for identifying high-risk men with PC was developed, which may be helpful for early detection and intervention of PC in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-binding protein 3, and colorectal cancer","authors":"Thomas Lawler ,&nbsp;Zoe L. Walts ,&nbsp;Lauren Giurini ,&nbsp;Mark Steinwandel ,&nbsp;Wei Zheng ,&nbsp;Shaneda Warren Andersen","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2026.102986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Higher serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC), with evidence supporting increased risk for colon but not rectal tumors. Few studies have included substantial numbers of non-Hispanic Black individuals, who have elevated population-level CRC risk. We investigated associations between IGF-1 and CRC in the Southern Community Cohort Study. We also report associations with IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), the primary IGF-1 transporter, and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio (a surrogate marker for biologically available IGF-1).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with incident CRC (N = 297) were individually matched with controls (N = 604) on age, race, and sex. The majority of the cohort reports Black racial identity (75 %). Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured at enrollment. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for CRC, colon and rectal cancers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For higher IGF-1 (tertile 3vs1), the OR for CRC was 1.45 (CI 0.95–2.21). Higher IGF-1 was associated with greater odds for colon cancer (OR 1.64, CI 1.01–2.64) but not rectal cancer (OR 0.93, CI 0.43–1.97). The associations with CRC and colon cancer were consistent among participants who fasted prior to serum draw (N = 356, CRC: OR 1.89, CI 0.95–3.78; colon cancer: OR 2.08, CI 0.96–4.51). No associations were observed for IGFBP-3 or the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio in the full sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Higher IGF-1 was associated with increased odds for colon cancer, but not rectal cancer, among predominantly non-Hispanic Black individuals with lower socioeconomic status, consistent with findings from predominantly non-Hispanic White cohorts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}