Cancer Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Early-life tobacco exposure, genetic susceptibility and incident colorectal cancer risk in UK biobank: A prospective cohort analysis","authors":"Yu Long ,&nbsp;Yuting Zhu ,&nbsp;Meiyin Lin ,&nbsp;Qinming Li ,&nbsp;Jun Liang ,&nbsp;Chunyang Wang ,&nbsp;Ruijie Zeng ,&nbsp;Dongling Luo ,&nbsp;Lijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuyin Ma ,&nbsp;Chongyang Duan ,&nbsp;Yue Zhu ,&nbsp;Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Jianhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although tobacco exposure is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), the specific impact of early-life exposure (from prenatal to adolescence) and its joints with genetic susceptibility remains uncertain. This population-based study aimed to investigate the joint effects of early-life tobacco exposure and polygenic risk on CRC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from UK Biobank participants were analyzed to assess tobacco exposure during two periods: prenatal exposure (n = 429,847) and age of smoking initiation (n = 430,672). Using Cox proportional hazards models, the associations between early-life tobacco exposure and CRC incidence were explored. Additionally, we evaluated the mediating role of accelerated biological aging in the link between early-life tobacco exposure and CRC, and further integrated the polygenic risk score (PRS) to assess the joint effects of genetic on CRC risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Early-life tobacco exposure exhibited age-at-initiation-dependent CRC risk associations. Smoking initiation in adolescence [hazard ratios (HR) = 1.13, 95 % confidence intervals (CI): 1.06–1.22], and adulthood (HR = 1.19, 95 % CI: 1.10–1.30) all significantly increased risk (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), while in utero exposure and smoking initiation childhood (HR:1.06, 95 % CI: 0.94–1.19, <em>P</em> = 0.372) showed a suggestive but non-significant trend (HR:1.05, 95 % CI: 1.00–1.11, <em>P</em> = 0.066). In the joint analysis, high-PRS individuals with prenatal tobacco exposure had an elevated CRC risk compared to those with low PRS and no exposure (HR 1.28, 95 % CI: 1.16–1.42, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, among high-PRS individuals, smoking initiation at any age (childhood, adolescence, or adulthood) increased CRC risk relative to never-smokers with low PRS. Mediation analysis indicated that accelerated biological aging may contribute to the association between smoking initiation at different ages and increased CRC risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early-life tobacco exposure elevated CRC risk, especially in genetically susceptible individuals. These findings underscored the importance of early tobacco prevention and enhanced screening for high genetic-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with long COVID among cancer survivors: A population-based analysis","authors":"Stuart J. Case ,&nbsp;Lindsay Sabik ,&nbsp;Haley Grant","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cancer survivors endure unique immune system suppression as a result of their cancer treatment, potentially making them susceptible to long COVID in ways that differ from the general population. The purpose of this study is to assess what factors are associated with long COVID among cancer survivors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Observational, cross-sectional data from the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey were analyzed. The main outcome of interest was the prevalence of long COVID among cancer survivors who had tested positive for COVID-19. Bivariate analyses were conducted comparing those who did and did not have long COVID, and logistic regression models were used to determine the sociodemographic variables and individual health factors associated with long COVID among cancer survivors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this sample, 15.2 % of cancer survivors who had tested positive for COVID-19 indicated they had long COVID. Cancer survivors who were male, older, received flu and COVID-19 vaccinations, and did not have diabetes or asthma had significantly lower odds of having long COVID.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides insight into what sociodemographic and health-related factors are associated with the presence of long COVID, including age, sex, vaccination status, and comorbid conditions. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to establish causal patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of metformin exposure on colorectal cancer incidence according to tumor sidedness","authors":"Yehudit Peerless ,&nbsp;Gal Strauss ,&nbsp;Ofer Margalit ,&nbsp;Einat Shacham-Shmueli ,&nbsp;Yu-Xiao Yang ,&nbsp;Ben Boursi","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Tumor sidedness influences treatment decisions for metastatic disease due to differences in biology and therapeutic response. Metformin, an anti-diabetic medication, may reduce CRC risk. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between metformin exposure and CRC risk based on tumor-sidedness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A nested case-control study was conducted using the Veterans Administration (VA) database (1999–2020). The cohort included individuals with diabetes mellitus and at least 3 years of follow-up. CRC cases were identified and classified by tumor sidedness. Controls were selected via incidence-density sampling, matched on age, sex, index-date, and first VA encounter. Exposure of interest was cumulative metformin use prior to the index-date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds-ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The analysis was adjusted for race, BMI, smoking, aspirin, statins, and other anti-diabetic medications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 31,078 CRC cases and 310,621 matched controls among diabetic individuals. Metformin exposure showed no effect on right-sided CRC incidence (adjusted OR 1.03, 95 %CI 0.92–1.16 for 1–3 years; 0.96, 95 %CI 0.83–1.12 for 3–5 years). In contrast, in patients with left-sided CRC metformin use was associated with a reduced risk of CRC (adjusted OR 0.90, 95 %CI 0.82–0.98 for 1–3 years; 0.87, 95 %CI 0.77–0.98 for 3–5 years).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Metformin was associated with a decrease in the incidence of left-sided CRC. These results suggest the influence of tumor sidedness, not only on treatment effect, but on prevention strategies as well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver and gastric cancer incidence and mortality in Non‐Western immigrant men and women: a register-based cohort study from 2000 to 2017","authors":"Angeza Abdul Khaliq ,&nbsp;Maarit H. Lamminmäki ,&nbsp;Sirpa H. Heinävaara ,&nbsp;Tytti M. Sarkeala","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Geographical variations in health reflect differences in environments, lifestyles, and healthcare access. Notably, non-Western countries exhibit higher rates of infection-related cancers such as liver and gastric cancers, compared to Western countries. This study compares sex-specific incidence and mortality of liver and gastric cancers in non-Western immigrants with those of the native Finnish population. We also assess how region of birth, age at immigration, and duration of residence influence liver and gastric cancer incidence and mortality among non-Western population.</div></div><div><h3>Material and method</h3><div>We analysed data from 162,844 non-Western immigrant men and 161,090 women residing in Finland from 1973 to 2017. Liver and gastric cancer diagnoses and causes of death from 2000 to 2017 were linked from national registries. We assessed cancer risks using a multivariate Poisson regression model, adjusting for age group, calendar period, and region of birth.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Non-Western immigrant men had higher liver cancer incidence (Relative risk (IRR) 1.41, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 1.13–1.78) and mortality (MRR 1.50, CI 1.16–1.94), and higher gastric cancer incidence (IRR 1.74, CI 1.46–2.06) and mortality (MRR 1.74, CI 1.42–2.14) than native men. Among non-Western immigrant women, only gastric cancer showed increased incidence (IRR 2.21, 95 % CI 1.88–2.60) and mortality (MRR 2.22, 95 % CI 1.83–2.70). Age at immigration did not impact risk levels.Prolonged duration of residence decreased the risk of gastric cancer in non-Western women, whereas in men the risk remained elevated.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The increased cancer risk among non-Western immigrants may stem from greater exposure to infections such as hepatitis B and C and H. pylori, prevalent in their countries of origin. Cultural adaptation and lifestyle changes, particularly in alcohol and tobacco use, also play a role.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Targeted healthcare measures, including early diagnosis and lifestyle interventions, are crucial for reducing cancer risks among non-Western immigrants in Finland. Addressing language and cultural barriers is essential for effective healthcare and for reducing health disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient air pollution and laryngeal cancer: A systematic review","authors":"Jasen Soopramanien ,&nbsp;Sagar Mittal ,&nbsp;Kinjal Jadeja ,&nbsp;Lakshya Soni ,&nbsp;Samiyah Saghir ,&nbsp;Fathima Mannan","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ambient air pollution is a major global health concern, yet its association with laryngeal cancer remains poorly defined. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the relationship between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollutants and incidence of laryngeal cancer. Comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and SCOPUS were conducted from inception to 01/06/2024. Eligible studies included observational and ecological designs reporting quantitative associations between ambient pollutants and laryngeal cancer incidence. Study quality, risk of bias, and evidence certainty graded were appraised using the NIH tool, National Toxicology Program framework and GRADE approach respectively. A total of nine studies (4 ecological, 5 cohort) comprising over 7.4 million participants were included. Each pollutant was analysed by a maximum of 3 studies. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) demonstrated the most consistent association with laryngeal cancer, with hazard ratios between 1.18 and 1.24 per 10 μg/m³ increase. One large cohort reported a significant relationship between particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM₂.₅) and laryngeal cancer (HR 1.85; 95 % CI: 1.2–2.85), while findings across other pollutants, including PM₁₀, SO₂, O₃, CO, and NOₓ, were inconsistent. Although data remain limited, emerging evidence suggests that chronic exposure to ambient NO₂ and PM₂.₅ may increase laryngeal cancer risk. Future large-scale prospective cohort studies with standardized exposure metrics and robust confounding control are needed to better characterise this relationship. Natural experiments in regions undergoing major air-quality policy changes can provide valuable evidence on the impact of reducing exposure on laryngeal cancer incidence at a population level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145829164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in prostate cancer mortality: Response to recent commentary","authors":"Mohammad Hajizadeh,&nbsp;Grace Johnston","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This document is the authors’ response to the received comments for manuscript CANEP-D-25-00363.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer in the oldest old","authors":"Charline Jean,&nbsp;Esther Bastiaannet,&nbsp;Melody K. Schiaffino,&nbsp;Sophie Pilleron ,&nbsp;Florence Canouï-Poitrine","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of gastrointestinal bleeding on hospital outcomes in hematologic malignancies: A nationwide cross-sectional study","authors":"Pragya Jain ,&nbsp;Iqra Qazi ,&nbsp;Jacob Thompson ,&nbsp;Nency Ganatra ,&nbsp;Shivam Patel ,&nbsp;Junaid Anwar","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a frequent cause of hospitalizations and is linked to greater inpatient morbidity, especially among cancer patients. Despite being a recognized complication in patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs), its impact on hospitalization outcomes and healthcare utilization in HM patients is poorly defined. To evaluate the association between GI bleeding and key hospital outcomes, including mortality, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization costs among adults admitted with HMs, this retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2018 to 2022. Multivariable models were fitted using survey-weighted logistic regression for mortality and Poisson regression with a log link for LOS and charges, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs), with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Among an estimated 2.9 million weighted hospitalizations with HMs, approximately 13 % were complicated by GI bleeding, which were characterized by higher mortality, longer LOS, and greater healthcare costs. In adjusted models, GI bleeding was associated with higher odds of in-hospital death (aOR: 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.18–1.26) as well as increased LOS (aIRR: 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.34–1.38) and higher hospitalization costs (aIRR: 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.37–1.43). This study's findings indicate that GI bleeding in patients with HMs is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes, including increased mortality and resource utilization. These findings highlight the need for early recognition, risk stratification, and proactive management strategies to mitigate the clinical and economic burden of bleeding in this high-risk population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humidifier disinfectant exposure and lung cancer development: A propensity score matching analysis","authors":"Su Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Sungchan Kang ,&nbsp;Sanghee Shin ,&nbsp;Jeong-In Hwang ,&nbsp;Hyungryul Lim ,&nbsp;Dong-Wook Lee ,&nbsp;Woojoo Lee ,&nbsp;Kang Hee Ha ,&nbsp;Youngmee Lee ,&nbsp;Taksoo Kim ,&nbsp;Hye-Jin Kim ,&nbsp;Kyoung-Nam Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although previous animal studies suggest an association between humidifier disinfectant (HD) exposure and lung cancer, epidemiological evidence remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Nationwide data from the National Health Insurance Service and survey data on the HD claimant group were used. A 1:30 propensity score matching was conducted between the HD claimant (<em>n</em> = 4567) and non-exposed groups (<em>n</em> = 153,071). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, incorporating a 4-year latency period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After matching, the incidence of lung cancer was 2.58 % in the HD claimant group and 0.55 % in the non-exposed group. In the Cox models, the HR for lung cancer in the HD claimant group was 5.71 (95 % CI: 4.70, 6.92) compared with the non-exposed group. Stratified analyses showed an HR of 12.61 (95 % CI: 8.94, 17.79) among women and 4.31 (95 % CI: 3.40, 5.47) among men. The associations also persisted in never-smokers, with an HR of 4.33 (95 % CI: 2.26, 8.30).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exposure to HDs was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer development. Combined with in vivo and in vitro studies reporting similar associations and plausible mechanisms, the present study supports the potential carcinogenic effects of HDs on lung cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145783908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostate cancer screening: Cancer mortality and opportunistic screening","authors":"Takeshi Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.canep.2025.102977","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56322,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}