Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.2478/v10114-011-0020-0
Ladislav Kulla, Michal Bošeľa
Abstract The paper proposes and justifies an alternative concept of aggregation of forest site types in higher units for purposes of differentiation of forest management. Analysis of variance was performed for both: the natural occurrence of tree species in reserves, as well as the production potential of tree species measured on the representative plots according to Zlatnik´s altitudinal vegetation zones and edaphictrophic series. Based on the results of this analysis, an aggregation of forest site types was suggested along the elevation gradient of climatop, and along the edaphic-trophic and the edaphic-hydric gradients of edaphotop. By intersection of such created 32 categories of geotope with the basic formation groups of forest habitats by Braun-Blanquet geo-botanical school, 53 reconstructive geo-biotopes were formed. The proposed unit was compared using the F-test, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and the index of classification efficiency (EQ) with current typological units in terms of its ability to describe the variability of the analyzed parameters. Finally, the qualitative association of the compared classification models with the European classification systems was assessed. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the site unit geo-biotop is at least comparable with currently used unit MGFT, with the number of categories lower by 72%.
{"title":"Koncept geobiotopu ako možnej vyššej stanovištnej jednotky pre diferencovanie manažmentu lesov","authors":"Ladislav Kulla, Michal Bošeľa","doi":"10.2478/v10114-011-0020-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10114-011-0020-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper proposes and justifies an alternative concept of aggregation of forest site types in higher units for purposes of differentiation of forest management. Analysis of variance was performed for both: the natural occurrence of tree species in reserves, as well as the production potential of tree species measured on the representative plots according to Zlatnik´s altitudinal vegetation zones and edaphictrophic series. Based on the results of this analysis, an aggregation of forest site types was suggested along the elevation gradient of climatop, and along the edaphic-trophic and the edaphic-hydric gradients of edaphotop. By intersection of such created 32 categories of geotope with the basic formation groups of forest habitats by Braun-Blanquet geo-botanical school, 53 reconstructive geo-biotopes were formed. The proposed unit was compared using the F-test, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and the index of classification efficiency (EQ) with current typological units in terms of its ability to describe the variability of the analyzed parameters. Finally, the qualitative association of the compared classification models with the European classification systems was assessed. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the site unit geo-biotop is at least comparable with currently used unit MGFT, with the number of categories lower by 72%.","PeriodicalId":56352,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"81 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85709932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.2478/v10114-011-0021-z
Tomáš Bucha, Martin Slávik, N. Hatala, M. Bartko
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the forest health condition in the area of Hydropower plant Gabčikovo using the digital multispectral aerial images from 2011 in the section Dobrohošt - Sap. We proposed a new innovative procedure of creating the forest mask in the image processing. It concerns a process of defining tree crowns, where we combined subject and raster oriented approach of the image classification. We evaluated forest health condition on a selected forest mask using the method of twophased sampling with regression. The indicators of health condition were tree defoliation and presence of heavily damaged trees and snags in the stands. Defoliation was used to compare the current forest health condition in the concerned area with the data from 2008. Presence of the snags as the result of severe damage is interpreted in terms of stand types related to site conditions. Field survey proved presence of invasive and non-native tree species and plants. Based on the result, we have formulated recommendations for further forest monitoring in the Danube River inundation
{"title":"Zhodnotenie zdravotného stavu lesov v inundačnej oblasti Dunaja v úseku Dobrohošt – Sap z leteckých multispektrálnych snímok z roku 2011","authors":"Tomáš Bucha, Martin Slávik, N. Hatala, M. Bartko","doi":"10.2478/v10114-011-0021-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10114-011-0021-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the forest health condition in the area of Hydropower plant Gabčikovo using the digital multispectral aerial images from 2011 in the section Dobrohošt - Sap. We proposed a new innovative procedure of creating the forest mask in the image processing. It concerns a process of defining tree crowns, where we combined subject and raster oriented approach of the image classification. We evaluated forest health condition on a selected forest mask using the method of twophased sampling with regression. The indicators of health condition were tree defoliation and presence of heavily damaged trees and snags in the stands. Defoliation was used to compare the current forest health condition in the concerned area with the data from 2008. Presence of the snags as the result of severe damage is interpreted in terms of stand types related to site conditions. Field survey proved presence of invasive and non-native tree species and plants. Based on the result, we have formulated recommendations for further forest monitoring in the Danube River inundation","PeriodicalId":56352,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"106 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89684427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract General information on forest growth and development as well as different approaches of forest management are presented in the introduction of the paper. Furthermore, it shows an analysis of the development of tree species composition in the Slovak forests during the last 50 years. Historical data base for the analysis originated from the forestry records (especially Permanent Forest Inventory). Our attention was focused on reforestation with respect to tree species, tree species composition in young forest stands by age classes and relations between these forest characteristics. The next section of the paper describes new proposals for regulation of forest regeneration and reforestation with the aim to achieve desired tree species composition in all age classes, not only in accordance with natural conditions but also respecting human demands in the future.
{"title":"Dynamika obnovy a vývoja lesných porastov na Slovensku počas ostatných piatich desaťročí","authors":"J. Konôpka, V. Šebeň, Bohdan Konôpka","doi":"10.2478/forj-2014-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2014-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract General information on forest growth and development as well as different approaches of forest management are presented in the introduction of the paper. Furthermore, it shows an analysis of the development of tree species composition in the Slovak forests during the last 50 years. Historical data base for the analysis originated from the forestry records (especially Permanent Forest Inventory). Our attention was focused on reforestation with respect to tree species, tree species composition in young forest stands by age classes and relations between these forest characteristics. The next section of the paper describes new proposals for regulation of forest regeneration and reforestation with the aim to achieve desired tree species composition in all age classes, not only in accordance with natural conditions but also respecting human demands in the future.","PeriodicalId":56352,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"139 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79681488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kovalčík, C. Mühlberg, R. Oberwimmer, Erhard Pretterhofer, Christian Félix, M. Gabathuler, Volker Holtkämper, U. Kies, I. Soloviy, Iris Pahl
Abstract The paper presents findings from a comparative analysis of three major topical fields of interest notably supply chain management, technological progress and mass flux analysis in six European forest regions of the IN2WOOD project (FP7 RoK 2010-2012). The study identifies matching strengths and weaknesses and summarizes cross-regional priorities. Based on this information, a set of the region’s strategies was compiled in view of the general objective to optimise logistics. Four different strategy types were proposed: SO-strategy (internal strengths were used to realise external opportunities, WO-strategy (reducing internal weakness to realise external opportunities), ST-strategy (internal strengths were used to minimise external threats) and WT-strategy (reducing the internal weaknesses to avoid external threats). Main common strategies for forestry logistics are: developing clear concepts for the implementation of ICT applications for difficult terrain like GPS-maps in mountainous regions, increasing the possibility of co-operations between the actors involved and developing a detailed mass flux analyses as a basis for SCM concepts.
摘要:本文介绍了对IN2WOOD项目(FP7 RoK 2010-2012)的六个欧洲森林地区的供应链管理、技术进步和质量通量分析等三个主要主题领域的比较分析结果。该研究确定了相匹配的优势和劣势，并总结了跨区域的优先事项。根据这些资料，根据优化物流的总目标，编制了一套区域战略。提出了四种不同的战略类型:so战略(利用内部优势实现外部机会)，wo战略(减少内部劣势实现外部机会)，st战略(利用内部优势最小化外部威胁)和wt战略(减少内部劣势以避免外部威胁)。林业物流的主要共同战略是:制定明确的概念，以便在山区的gps地图等困难地形上实施信通技术应用，增加有关行动者之间合作的可能性，并制定详细的质量通量分析，作为供应链管理概念的基础。
{"title":"SWOT strategies for forestry logistics in six European regions","authors":"M. Kovalčík, C. Mühlberg, R. Oberwimmer, Erhard Pretterhofer, Christian Félix, M. Gabathuler, Volker Holtkämper, U. Kies, I. Soloviy, Iris Pahl","doi":"10.2478/forj-2014-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2014-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents findings from a comparative analysis of three major topical fields of interest notably supply chain management, technological progress and mass flux analysis in six European forest regions of the IN2WOOD project (FP7 RoK 2010-2012). The study identifies matching strengths and weaknesses and summarizes cross-regional priorities. Based on this information, a set of the region’s strategies was compiled in view of the general objective to optimise logistics. Four different strategy types were proposed: SO-strategy (internal strengths were used to realise external opportunities, WO-strategy (reducing internal weakness to realise external opportunities), ST-strategy (internal strengths were used to minimise external threats) and WT-strategy (reducing the internal weaknesses to avoid external threats). Main common strategies for forestry logistics are: developing clear concepts for the implementation of ICT applications for difficult terrain like GPS-maps in mountainous regions, increasing the possibility of co-operations between the actors involved and developing a detailed mass flux analyses as a basis for SCM concepts.","PeriodicalId":56352,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"130 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84158337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper contains output of the research aimed on applicability of compass measurement using laser range-finder Impulse LR 200 and electronic compass LTI MapStar Compass Module in forestry mapping and research. The research was aimed on the impact of measurement methods and also methods of computation on the final precision of the position evaluation. Because the combination of instruments, with the Field-Map software, is also used in forestry research (forest inventory, research of natural forests), the paper shows also the methods of evaluation referring to this field of use of compass measurement. In dependence to measurement and evaluation methods there is a quite wide interval of mean position error mxy values (0.15 - 0.60 m). In general it can be stated, that compass measurement in areas without negative effects on the natural magnetism is applicable method for the under-canopy forestry mapping and research. The best of output values have shown the theoretical possibility of use in forest area cadastral mapping (4th accuracy class), especially in combination with other measurement methods
{"title":"Použiteľnosť elektronických pomôcok pre buzolové meranie v lesníckom mapovaní a výskume","authors":"Julián Tomaštík, Martin Žilka","doi":"10.2478/forj-2014-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2014-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper contains output of the research aimed on applicability of compass measurement using laser range-finder Impulse LR 200 and electronic compass LTI MapStar Compass Module in forestry mapping and research. The research was aimed on the impact of measurement methods and also methods of computation on the final precision of the position evaluation. Because the combination of instruments, with the Field-Map software, is also used in forestry research (forest inventory, research of natural forests), the paper shows also the methods of evaluation referring to this field of use of compass measurement. In dependence to measurement and evaluation methods there is a quite wide interval of mean position error mxy values (0.15 - 0.60 m). In general it can be stated, that compass measurement in areas without negative effects on the natural magnetism is applicable method for the under-canopy forestry mapping and research. The best of output values have shown the theoretical possibility of use in forest area cadastral mapping (4th accuracy class), especially in combination with other measurement methods","PeriodicalId":56352,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"120 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90148656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper is based on results from assessment of the production characteristics development in sampling sets of forest management plans with the same date of validity and the validity period. Database is generated by basis sets of forest management plans valid from 1983. The aim of the analysis is to quantify and compare the development of production characteristics of the prevailing tree species in time levels and to quantify the impact of increasing growing stock. We have analysed the variables of the main crop: mean height, mean diameter, absolute yield class, current annual increment, growing stock and crop density. The result is a progressive, balanced and significant trend of increasing production characteristics, which confirms the results of the selection assessment and indicates increased and fast growth of Slovak forests in the research period. The analysis showed that increasing total growing stock is caused except increasing mean heights and mean diameters in particular by changes of the age structure that is reflected in increasing average age of the area.
{"title":"Analýza aktuálneho zvyšovania produkcie Lesov SR na základe údajov LHP","authors":"Ivan Herich","doi":"10.2478/forj-2014-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2014-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper is based on results from assessment of the production characteristics development in sampling sets of forest management plans with the same date of validity and the validity period. Database is generated by basis sets of forest management plans valid from 1983. The aim of the analysis is to quantify and compare the development of production characteristics of the prevailing tree species in time levels and to quantify the impact of increasing growing stock. We have analysed the variables of the main crop: mean height, mean diameter, absolute yield class, current annual increment, growing stock and crop density. The result is a progressive, balanced and significant trend of increasing production characteristics, which confirms the results of the selection assessment and indicates increased and fast growth of Slovak forests in the research period. The analysis showed that increasing total growing stock is caused except increasing mean heights and mean diameters in particular by changes of the age structure that is reflected in increasing average age of the area.","PeriodicalId":56352,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"107 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83778015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We present the results of a research which was realized in June 2011 on the location of the Bab forest (SW Slovakia, Nitra loess upland). On 30 permanent areas in the Bab forest there were 117 taxa of higher plants registered. On 12 permanent clear-cut areas were situated 87 taxa and on 18 forest areas 61 plant taxa. a higher number of species was registered on permanent clear-cut areas where heliophilous plants dominated. On clear cuts was also a bigger cover of herbs. There were dominated hemicryptophytes and terophytes unlike forest areas where nano- and makrofanerophytes dominate and where tree and shrub layers have a high cover. The highest frequency of occurrence on clear-cuts (100%) achieved species Geum urbanum and Pulmonaria officinalis and in the forest stand the forest taxa Mercurialis perennis, Hedera helix and Melica uniflora. On all 30 areas dominated indigenous species and apophytes. Four new clear cut areas and 6 open stands arose after realisation of clear and shelterwood fellings in November 2006 and subsequently a change of plant species composition occurred. The logging created suitable conditions for penetration of non-indigenous species from the surrounding (mainly anthropogenic) habitats. That is why there are largely synanthropic and non-indigenous taxa represented on permanent clear-cut areas, which are spreading further to the forest stand as well as distant areas of the Bab forest. Abstract Prezentovane su vysledky vyskumu uskutočneneho v juni 2011 na lokalite Babsky les (JZ Slovensko, Nitrianska sprašova pahorkatina). Na 30 trvalych plochach v Babskom lese sa zaznamenalo 117 taxonov vyššich rastlin. Na 12 trvalych plochach rubanisk sa nachadzalo 87 taxonov a na 18 lesnych plochach 61 taxonov rastlin. Vyšši počet druhov bol zaznamenany na trvalych plochach rubanisk, kde prevladali svetlomilne rastliny. Na rubaniskach bola vyššia aj pokryvnosť bylinneho poschodia. Prevladali hemikryptofyty a terofyty, na rozdiel od lesnych ploch, kde prevladali nano- a makrofanerofyty a vysoku pokryvnosť dosahovalo stromove a krovinne poschodie. Najvačšiu frekvenciu vyskytu (100 %) mali na rubaniskach druhy Geum urbanum a Pulmonaria officinalis a v lesnom poraste lesne taxony Mercurialis perennis, Hedera helix a Melica uniflora. Na všetkych 30 plochach dominovali indigenne druhy a apofyty. Po ťažbe dreva v novembri 2006 vznikli štyri rubaniska a 6 presvetlenych ploch, v dosledku čoho došlo k zmene druhoveho zloženia vegetacie. Ťažba dreva vytvorila vhodne podmienky na prenikanie nepovodnych druhov z okolitych (prevažne antropogennych) biotopov. Preto su na trvalych plochach založenych na rubaniskach hojne zastupene synantropne a nepovodne taxony, ktore sa ďalej širia do lesneho porastu a aj do vzdialenejšich časti Babskeho lesa.
摘要本文介绍了2011年6月对巴布森林(斯洛伐克西南部尼特拉黄土高地)位置的研究结果。在巴布森林的30个永久区域中，有117个高等植物类群登记。在12个永久砍伐区有87个植物类群，在18个森林区有61个植物类群。在嗜日植物占优势的永久清除区，登记的物种数量较多。在清晰的切口上也有更大的草药覆盖。不同于以纳米和巨生植物为主，乔木和灌木层盖度高的林区，该区以半隐植物和内生植物为主。在采伐迹地最高的是城市金属(Geum urbanum)和铁皮肺属(Pulmonaria officinalis)(100%)，在林分中最高的是森林分类群merurialis perennis、Hedera helix和Melica uniflora。在所有30个地区，本地种和附生植物占主导地位。在2006年11月实施了清林和防护林采伐后，出现了4个新的清林区和6个开放林分，随后植物物种组成发生了变化。采伐为周围(主要是人为)生境的非本地物种的渗透创造了适宜的条件。这就是为什么在永久砍伐的地区有大量共生和非土著的类群，它们正在进一步扩散到林场以及巴布森林的遥远地区。Prezentovane su vysledky vyskumu uskuto nneeho v juni 2011 na lokalite Babsky les (JZ Slovensko, Nitrianska sprašova pahorkatina)。Na 30 trvalych plochach v Babskom lese sa zaznamenalo 117 taxonov vyššich rastlin。Na 12 trvalych plochach rubanisk sa nachadzalo 87 taxonov Na 18 lesnych plochach 61 taxonov rastlin。Vyšši po et druhov bol zaznamenany na trvalych plochach rubanisk, kde preladali sttomilne。Na rubaniskach bola vyššia aj pokryvnos.com bylinneho poschodia。一般情况下，半隐型是指隐型，半隐型是指无隐型，半隐型是指无隐型，半隐型是指无隐型，半隐型是指无隐型。Najvačšiu frekvenciu vyskytu(100%):木犀草、铁皮肺、木犀草、木犀草、木犀草分类学。Na všetkych 30 plochach dominovali indigenne druhy a apoty。Po ťažbe dreva v novembri 2006 vznikli štyri rubaniska a 6 prevelenych ploch, v dosledku oho došlo k zmene druhoveho zloženia vegetacie。Ťažba dreva vytvorila vhodne podmienky na prenikanie nepovodnych druhov z okolitych (prevažne人源性)生物topov。Preto su na trvalych plochach založenych na rubaniskach hojne zastupene synantropne a nepovodne分类学，ktore sa ďalej širia do lesneho porastu a aj do vzdialenejšich asti Babskeho lesa。
{"title":"Zmeny druhového zloženia Bábskeho lesa po ťažbe dreva","authors":"Ivana Pilková","doi":"10.2478/forj-2014-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2014-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present the results of a research which was realized in June 2011 on the location of the Bab forest (SW Slovakia, Nitra loess upland). On 30 permanent areas in the Bab forest there were 117 taxa of higher plants registered. On 12 permanent clear-cut areas were situated 87 taxa and on 18 forest areas 61 plant taxa. a higher number of species was registered on permanent clear-cut areas where heliophilous plants dominated. On clear cuts was also a bigger cover of herbs. There were dominated hemicryptophytes and terophytes unlike forest areas where nano- and makrofanerophytes dominate and where tree and shrub layers have a high cover. The highest frequency of occurrence on clear-cuts (100%) achieved species Geum urbanum and Pulmonaria officinalis and in the forest stand the forest taxa Mercurialis perennis, Hedera helix and Melica uniflora. On all 30 areas dominated indigenous species and apophytes. Four new clear cut areas and 6 open stands arose after realisation of clear and shelterwood fellings in November 2006 and subsequently a change of plant species composition occurred. The logging created suitable conditions for penetration of non-indigenous species from the surrounding (mainly anthropogenic) habitats. That is why there are largely synanthropic and non-indigenous taxa represented on permanent clear-cut areas, which are spreading further to the forest stand as well as distant areas of the Bab forest. Abstract Prezentovane su vysledky vyskumu uskutočneneho v juni 2011 na lokalite Babsky les (JZ Slovensko, Nitrianska sprašova pahorkatina). Na 30 trvalych plochach v Babskom lese sa zaznamenalo 117 taxonov vyššich rastlin. Na 12 trvalych plochach rubanisk sa nachadzalo 87 taxonov a na 18 lesnych plochach 61 taxonov rastlin. Vyšši počet druhov bol zaznamenany na trvalych plochach rubanisk, kde prevladali svetlomilne rastliny. Na rubaniskach bola vyššia aj pokryvnosť bylinneho poschodia. Prevladali hemikryptofyty a terofyty, na rozdiel od lesnych ploch, kde prevladali nano- a makrofanerofyty a vysoku pokryvnosť dosahovalo stromove a krovinne poschodie. Najvačšiu frekvenciu vyskytu (100 %) mali na rubaniskach druhy Geum urbanum a Pulmonaria officinalis a v lesnom poraste lesne taxony Mercurialis perennis, Hedera helix a Melica uniflora. Na všetkych 30 plochach dominovali indigenne druhy a apofyty. Po ťažbe dreva v novembri 2006 vznikli štyri rubaniska a 6 presvetlenych ploch, v dosledku čoho došlo k zmene druhoveho zloženia vegetacie. Ťažba dreva vytvorila vhodne podmienky na prenikanie nepovodnych druhov z okolitych (prevažne antropogennych) biotopov. Preto su na trvalych plochach založenych na rubaniskach hojne zastupene synantropne a nepovodne taxony, ktore sa ďalej širia do lesneho porastu a aj do vzdialenejšich časti Babskeho lesa.","PeriodicalId":56352,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"59 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73537564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Začiatkom jari 2012 sa v niektorych oblastiach Slovenska objavilo važne poškodenie borovic. Hnednutie ihlic všetkych ročnikov, nekrozy kory a rakovinove rany na vetvach boli priznakmi tohto poškodenia. Neboli zistene poškodenia podkornym a listožravym hmyzom, koreňove hniloby, sypavky a ani tracheomykozy. Taktiež sme vylučili pyknidovku beľovu Sphaeropsis sapinea ako povodcu tohto hynutia borovic, hoci poškodenie borovic touto hubou bolo v obdobi rokov 2000 až 2007 najvyznamnejšie a v menšom rozsahu pretrvava stale. Laboratornymi rozbormi sme zistili pritomnosť huby Cenangium ferruginosum, ziskali sme čiste kultury a infekčnymi testami sme overili patogenitu ziskaneho izolatu. Potencialnu patogenitu sme testovali ako schopnosť mycelia rasť na prirodzenych živnych podach pripravenych z vyluhu listov, resp. dreva a kory vetvičiek vybranych drevin. Poznatky z terennych šetreni, laboratornych rozborov a terennych hodnoteni možnych predispozičnych faktorov su opisane v tomto članku. Abstract Serious pine dieback was reported in early spring from several localities in Slovakia in 2012. Needle necrosis, bark necrosis and twig cankers were the most conspicuous symptoms on diseased trees. There were no or at least not significant damages caused by bark beetles, leaf eating insects, root rots neither tracheomycosis. We also excluded Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton as the main pest agent, which played an important role in Pinus nigra Arnold dieback from 2000 to 2007 in Slovakia. Our laboratory inspections revealed Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. as the agent responsible for that dieback. We tested its growth capability on different natural nutrition soils in the laboratory to see the potential pathogenecity. This paper describes the pine dieback based on the field inspections and laboratory studies, and we discuss the role of predisposing factors involved in the dieback.
{"title":"Laboratory experiments with growth potential of Cenangium ferruginosum tested on natural nutrition soils","authors":"A. Kunca, R. Leontovyč","doi":"10.2478/forj-2014-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2014-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Začiatkom jari 2012 sa v niektorych oblastiach Slovenska objavilo važne poškodenie borovic. Hnednutie ihlic všetkych ročnikov, nekrozy kory a rakovinove rany na vetvach boli priznakmi tohto poškodenia. Neboli zistene poškodenia podkornym a listožravym hmyzom, koreňove hniloby, sypavky a ani tracheomykozy. Taktiež sme vylučili pyknidovku beľovu Sphaeropsis sapinea ako povodcu tohto hynutia borovic, hoci poškodenie borovic touto hubou bolo v obdobi rokov 2000 až 2007 najvyznamnejšie a v menšom rozsahu pretrvava stale. Laboratornymi rozbormi sme zistili pritomnosť huby Cenangium ferruginosum, ziskali sme čiste kultury a infekčnymi testami sme overili patogenitu ziskaneho izolatu. Potencialnu patogenitu sme testovali ako schopnosť mycelia rasť na prirodzenych živnych podach pripravenych z vyluhu listov, resp. dreva a kory vetvičiek vybranych drevin. Poznatky z terennych šetreni, laboratornych rozborov a terennych hodnoteni možnych predispozičnych faktorov su opisane v tomto članku. Abstract Serious pine dieback was reported in early spring from several localities in Slovakia in 2012. Needle necrosis, bark necrosis and twig cankers were the most conspicuous symptoms on diseased trees. There were no or at least not significant damages caused by bark beetles, leaf eating insects, root rots neither tracheomycosis. We also excluded Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton as the main pest agent, which played an important role in Pinus nigra Arnold dieback from 2000 to 2007 in Slovakia. Our laboratory inspections revealed Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. as the agent responsible for that dieback. We tested its growth capability on different natural nutrition soils in the laboratory to see the potential pathogenecity. This paper describes the pine dieback based on the field inspections and laboratory studies, and we discuss the role of predisposing factors involved in the dieback.","PeriodicalId":56352,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"44 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90509636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract According to national and international laboratory methods, the density of soil samples is determined by pycnometer in heated samples crushed by ultrasound. In mineral soils, the elementary unit of density is represented by a mineral grain of quartz, granite, andesite, etc. On the other hand, in organic soils, the elementary unit is represented by a leaf (or just a part of it), needles, stems and roots. Heating of the mineral grain causes its release from the soil aggregate. Organic parts of the soil are losing air vacuoles by heat treatment while in the same time, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and resins create new chemicals which are heavier than water. That is a reason why density determination of litter subhorizons in forest soils needs to have different rules in comparison with mineral soil samples. Samples with more than 50 volume per cent of organic matter are not treated by heat and do not decompose. In case of high mineral soil content, mineral parts are removed from the sample and their density is determined. The final density is based on mathematically processed data. Abstract Podľa metodik použivanych na Slovensku aj v zahraniči, sa špecificka (merna) hmotnosť pody stanovuje pyknometricky, v drvenych, ultrazvukom rozbitych a varenych vzorkach. Kym v mineralnych podach je elementarnou jednotkou špecifickej hmotnosti mineralne zrno kremeňa, žuly, andezitu a pod., v organickych podach je to list, ihličie, steblo a koreň (cely alebo časť). Varenim sa mineralne zrno z podneho agregatu uvoľni. V organickych zložkach pody sa varenim stracaju vakuoly plne vzduchu, pričom uhľohydraty, bielkoviny, tuky a smoly sa zražaju na chemicke zlučeniny ťažšie ako voda. Preto by sa stanovenia špecifickej hmotnosti subhorizontov opadu lesnych pod mali riadiť inymi pravidlami a postupom pri priprave vzoriek, ako je to pri vzorkach s prevahou mineralnych elementarnych častic. Pripravene a naležite nastrihane, pripadne aj podrvene vzorky s prevahou organickych latok (>50 % objemovych) sa nevaria a chemicky nerozkladaju. V pripade zreteľneho podielu mineralnej zložky pody, tuto časť zo vzorky odstranime, a jeho špecificku hmotnosť stanovime u nas zauživanym sposobom. Vysledna špecificka hmotnosť spočiva v matematickom spracovani ziskanych udajov.
摘要:根据国内外实验室方法，采用超声破碎加热试样，用比重计测定土样的密度。在矿质土壤中，密度的基本单位是石英、花岗岩、安山岩等矿物颗粒。另一方面，在有机土壤中，基本单位由叶子(或只是它的一部分)、针、茎和根代表。加热矿物颗粒使其从土壤团聚体中释放出来。土壤的有机部分通过热处理失去了空气泡，同时，碳水化合物、蛋白质、油和树脂产生了比水重的新化学物质。这就是为什么森林土壤凋落物亚层的密度测定需要与矿物土壤样品有不同的规则的原因。有机物含量超过50%的样品不需要加热处理，也不会分解。在高矿质土壤含量的情况下，从样品中去除矿物部分并确定其密度。最终密度是基于经过数学处理的数据。[摘要]Podľa metodik použivanych na Slovensku aj v zahrani i, sa špecificka (merna) hmotnosova pody stanovuje pyknometricky, v drivenych, ultrazvukom rozbitych a vzorkach。Kym v mineralnych podach je elementarnou jeednotkou špecifickej hmotnosti mineralne zrno kremeňa， žuly, and dedezitu a pod。(1)、(2)、(3)、(3)、(3)、(3)、(3)、(3)、(3)、(3)、(3)、(3)、(3)。Varenim sa mineralne zrno z podneho aggreatu uvoľni。V organickych zložkach pody sa varenim stracaju vakuoly pline vzduchu, priom uhľohydraty, bielkoviny, tuky a smoly sa zražaju na chemicke zlu eniny ťažšie ako voda。Preto by sa stanovenia špecifickej hmotnosti subhorizontov opadu lesnych pod mali riadilovinymi pravidlami a postpostpom pri priprave vzoriek, ako je to pri vzorkach s prevahou mineralnych elements nych 。Pripravene - naležite nastrihane, pripadne - podrvene - vzorky是主要的有机酸(> 50%)，神经性(> 50%)和化学神经酸(> 50%)。V pripade zreteľneho podielu mineralnej zložky pody, tuto as - zo vzorky ostranime, a - jeho špecificku hmotnosse - stanovime u as zauživanym sposobom。Vysledna špecificka hmotnos.com spoiva v matematickom spracovani ziskanych udajov。
{"title":"Príspevok k problematike určovania špecifickej hmotnosti subhorizontov opadu lesných pôd","authors":"Jana Bútorová","doi":"10.2478/forj-2014-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/forj-2014-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to national and international laboratory methods, the density of soil samples is determined by pycnometer in heated samples crushed by ultrasound. In mineral soils, the elementary unit of density is represented by a mineral grain of quartz, granite, andesite, etc. On the other hand, in organic soils, the elementary unit is represented by a leaf (or just a part of it), needles, stems and roots. Heating of the mineral grain causes its release from the soil aggregate. Organic parts of the soil are losing air vacuoles by heat treatment while in the same time, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and resins create new chemicals which are heavier than water. That is a reason why density determination of litter subhorizons in forest soils needs to have different rules in comparison with mineral soil samples. Samples with more than 50 volume per cent of organic matter are not treated by heat and do not decompose. In case of high mineral soil content, mineral parts are removed from the sample and their density is determined. The final density is based on mathematically processed data. Abstract Podľa metodik použivanych na Slovensku aj v zahraniči, sa špecificka (merna) hmotnosť pody stanovuje pyknometricky, v drvenych, ultrazvukom rozbitych a varenych vzorkach. Kym v mineralnych podach je elementarnou jednotkou špecifickej hmotnosti mineralne zrno kremeňa, žuly, andezitu a pod., v organickych podach je to list, ihličie, steblo a koreň (cely alebo časť). Varenim sa mineralne zrno z podneho agregatu uvoľni. V organickych zložkach pody sa varenim stracaju vakuoly plne vzduchu, pričom uhľohydraty, bielkoviny, tuky a smoly sa zražaju na chemicke zlučeniny ťažšie ako voda. Preto by sa stanovenia špecifickej hmotnosti subhorizontov opadu lesnych pod mali riadiť inymi pravidlami a postupom pri priprave vzoriek, ako je to pri vzorkach s prevahou mineralnych elementarnych častic. Pripravene a naležite nastrihane, pripadne aj podrvene vzorky s prevahou organickych latok (>50 % objemovych) sa nevaria a chemicky nerozkladaju. V pripade zreteľneho podielu mineralnej zložky pody, tuto časť zo vzorky odstranime, a jeho špecificku hmotnosť stanovime u nas zauživanym sposobom. Vysledna špecificka hmotnosť spočiva v matematickom spracovani ziskanych udajov.","PeriodicalId":56352,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"38 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73389930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-01DOI: 10.2478/V10114-011-0018-7
Š. Šmelko
{"title":"New view of properties and applicability of the circular and relascopic sample plots for the inventory and monitoring of the forest ecosystems","authors":"Š. Šmelko","doi":"10.2478/V10114-011-0018-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10114-011-0018-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56352,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Journal","volume":"122 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79469141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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