Food Science and Biotechnology最新文献

In this study, sugar-free (A) and sugar-added (B) formulations of carob sherbet were fermented with water kefir grains. After 48 h of fermentation, the pH and total soluble solid content level (TSS) of A and B decreased, while the titratable acidity (TA) value increased. At the end of fermentation, Ave B formulations were stored at 4 °C for 28 days. Fermented sherbets’ 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity decreased with storage. A had 75.3% DPPH radical scavenging activity on day 0th, whereas B had 77.0%. B had less total phenolic content (TPC) than fermented A on day 0. TPC values decreased significantly, notably on days 21st and 28th of storage. After fermentation, A had more gallic acid, hesperidin, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, and syringic acid than B. A had 2.21% sucrose before fermentation and 0.95% after. On 14th days of storage, potassium and calcium had the greatest mineral levels. Compared to A, B gave higher microbial count values (Lactobacillus sp., Lactococcus sp. total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, and yeast) in the microbiological analysis results at the end of fermentation and during storage.

The purpose of this study was to assess the resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from naturally fermented sliced radish kimchi, and to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and antioxidant activity of small black soymilk using ROS-resistant probiotic. Leuconostoc dextranicum SRK03, Lactobacillus brevis SRK15, Lactobacillus acidophilus SRK30, and Lactobacillus pentosus SRK38 displayed strong resistance to ROS and demonstrated probiotic activity. The microbiological and physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of small black soymilk fermented with probiotic LAB were significantly higher than those of non-fermented soymilk, and there was a difference in antioxidant activity depending on the probiotic strain. Strong correlations were observed between the antioxidant activity of fermented probiotic soymilk and various parameters. Specific prebiotics promoted the growth of LAB in probiotic-fermented small black soymilk and significantly increased antioxidant activity, suggesting potential functional benefits as a substitute for traditional dairy products.

The purpose of this study was to simultaneously analyze and validate phlorotannins, a group of functional compounds in Ecklonia cava, using HPLC–DAD. E. cava was profiled using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and a total of six phlorotannin components were identified. Among these six compounds, phloroglucinol and dieckol were selected as marker components of E. cava, and a simultaneous analysis method using HPLC–DAD for phloroglucinol and dieckol was developed. Specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and matrix effect (ME) were verified using HPLC–DAD. These results complied with validation guidelines. The applicability of this simultaneous analysis method was confirmed by quantifying the contents of phloroglucinol and dieckol in E. cava samples (n = 10) purchased in Korea. This method can be used for quality control, such as standardization or determination of compounds in health functional foods containing E. cava extract.

Graphical abstract

The study investigated the effectiveness of pre- and co-treatment with fermented yellow soybean extract (FYSE) against anti-influenza A virus (IAV) on MDCK cells. FYSE, fermented with Bacillus subtilis, was evaluated for its anti-IAV activity by inhibiting the IAV PA gene expression. Daidzein was identified as a significant contributor to FYSE's antiviral effects. Co-treatment with FYSE and daidzein during IAV infection demonstrated superior anti-IAV activity compared to their respective pre-treatment (IC₅₀: FYSE; 8.65 vs 3.77 µg/mL, and daidzein; 6.01 vs 5.20 µg/mL). Both pre- and co-treatment with FYSE demonstrated higher therapeutic potential than daidzein (Selective index: pre-treatment; > 115.58 vs. 72.32 and co-treatment; > 265.04 vs. 83.56). Despite daidzein showing lower anti-IAV activity in both treatment methods compared to oseltamivir phosphate, it exhibited lower cytotoxicity (CC₅₀: 434.50 vs. 395.20 µg/mL). In conclusion, co-treatment with FYSE and daidzein presents a promising anti-IAV strategy with minimal cytotoxicity in vitro, potentially offering a safer alternative for IAV treatment.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a representative obesogen that induces adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation by mimicking the action of hormones. Brassica juncea is a plant belonging to the mustard family, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. However, its efficacy against obesogen-induced obesity requires further investigation. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesogenic effects of Brassica juncea extract (BJE) on BPA-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C57BL/6J mice. The treatment with BPA and BJE did not have cytotoxic effects in vitro. In addition, BJE inhibited BPA-induced lipid accumulation and suppressed BPA-induced changes in adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis, and lipolysis protein expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Oral administration of BJE reduced body weight, adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte size in BPA-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. BJE also regulated the expression of proteins involved in adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis, and lipolysis. These data demonstrate that BJE is a natural functional substance with anti-obesogenic effects.

A skeletal muscle disorder has drawn attention due to the global aging issues. The loss of skeletal muscle mass has been suggested to be from the reduced muscle regeneration by dysfunction of muscle satellite cell/fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells and the muscle atrophy by dysfunction of mitochondria, ubiquitin–proteasome system, and autophagy. In this review, we highlighted the underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle mass loss including Notch signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Hedgehog signaling, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. In addition, we summarized accumulated studies of natural resources investigating their roles in ameliorating the loss of skeletal muscle mass and demonstrating the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, following the studies of natural resources exerting the preventive activity in muscle mass loss, the signaling-based approaches may accelerate the development of functional foods for sarcopenia prevention.

The objective of this study was to produce new active and intelligent high performance colorimetric films based on cellulose acetate (CA), and to evaluate the synergistic effect of thymol (THY) and anthocyanin (ANT). The colour films showed significant reactivity to pH change, and the films became thicker in the presence of glycerol (0.200 ± 0.05). FTIR and SEM images showed a homogeneous distribution and new interactions created between THY, ANT and CA, which modified the thermal properties. This behaviour was also confirmed by XRD analysis, which showed a reduction in film crystallinity with increasing anthocyanin concentration. In addition, the incorporation of ANT improved the mechanical properties by reducing the tensile strength (0.075 ± 0.021 MPa), the biodegradability of the films in the soil after 60 days and also the water vapor transmission rate (14.81 g mm⁻² h⁻¹). The films showed synergistic antibacterial activity and the application trials showed colour changes that were highly visible to the naked eye, with the deterioration of the fish, suggesting a promising application for these films as an indicator of fish freshness.

Strong-aroma Baijiu is a traditional Chinese spirit distilled from grains that undergo solid-state fermentation. At the end of each fermentation cycle, a significant quantity of Huangshui accumulates at the bottom of the fermentation pit, constituting one of the primary by-products in the brewing process of strong-flavor liquor. In this report, the chemical component analysis of Huangshui obtained from a strong-flavor liquor factory revealed a diverse array of organic acids, alcohols, esters, starch, reducing sugars, amino acids, and other compounds present in Huangshui. Additionally, two specialized solid-state fermentation models were developed to investigate the formation process of Huangshui. Our findings demonstrate a positive correlation between the yield of Huangshui and the initial moisture content of fermented grains. It is concluded that Huangshui is the percolate produced during the solid-state brewing process of strong-flavor liquor, with its water content originating from the initial moisture of fermented grains.

Chinese pond turtle muscle peptide's molecular features, purification, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activity were investigated. The Flavourzyme hydrolysate demonstrated greater relative crystallinity (37.53%) than other hydrolysates using X-ray diffraction. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectral changes, the second derivative spectroscopy in the amide-I region (1620–1650 cm⁻¹). Zeta-potential measurement was used to determine the surface charge ranging from − 32.73 to − 28.23 mV. Trypsin hydrolysate obtained the highest solubility (98.72% at pH 1.0) and emulsifying activity (182.81 m² g⁻¹ at pH 7.0), respectively. The Flavourzyme hydrolysate was separated by Sephadex G-10 filtration column chromatography, and three fractions (FH-1, FH-2, and FH-3) were obtained. The molecular weight was < 150 Da in fractions FH-3, FH-2, and FH-1, which were 93.25%, 85.22%, and 76.76%, respectively. The antioxidant activity showed the highest DPPH activity (71.32%) at 7 mg/mL in Fraction FH-2. SEM had a different shape (ball-drop) at FH-2 than the fractions protein (FH-1 and FH-3).

Circulation of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in the environment, animals, and humans is a major concern. Food chain is an important link to spread AMR across the biosphere. Global warming, preserved and fast foods availability, random use of un-prescribed antimicrobials, unplanned bio-waste management, and using high doses of antibiotics and bio-fertilizers to agricultural fields and animal farms, increase the threat of spreading AMR bacteria. Current study reports prevalence of AMR in enteric pathogens isolated from food, food handlers, environment, and diarrheal patients. The incidence data on AMR pathogens were collected from Assam, Sikkim, Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh, India, through a well-structured market and hospital surveillance. There  were 428 (3.0%) enteric pathogens detected in food and 184 (5.3%) in clinical samples. Most of the pathogens were resistant (70–100%) to commonly used antimicrobials in treatment of diarrheal infection. Result showed a spread of AMR across food chain, underscoring need for swift preventive intervention.