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A magnetometer based on coherent population beating 基于相干人口跳动的磁力计
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138848
Li Liu, Yigen Wang, Xiao-na Zhao, Yuxin Zhuang, Zhong Wang
We proposed a novel magnetic field measurement method extended from the CPT method. It is based on the coherent population beating (CPB) phenomenon. CPB occurs in a typical three-level system, when the frequency difference of the two pump laser fields have a detuning from the ground states splitting, and the CPB oscillation frequency is equal to the detuning. We are able to detect the beat frequency shift with the external magnetic field changing via digital processing, thus we can acquire the Zeeman frequency shift and then calculate external magnetic field intensity accurately.
提出了一种从CPT法扩展而来的新型磁场测量方法。它是基于相干群体跳动(CPB)现象。在典型的三能级系统中,当两个泵浦激光场的频差由于基态分裂而发生失谐时,CPB振荡频率等于失谐。通过数字处理,我们可以检测出外磁场变化时的拍频移,从而获得塞曼频移,从而准确地计算出外磁场强度。
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引用次数: 0
Compact clocks for industrial applications: The EMRP project IND 55 MClocks 用于工业应用的紧凑型时钟:EMRP项目IND 55 MClocks
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138881
S. Micalizio, F. Levi, A. Godone, C. Calosso, B. François, S. Guérandel, D. Holleville, E. de Clercq, L. de Sarlo, P. Yun, J. Danet, M. Langlois, R. Boudot, M. A. Hafiz, E. Şahin, C. Affolderbach, S. Kang, F. Gruet, M. Gharavipour, G. Mileti, B. Desruelle
Vapor cell atomic clocks are an interesting technology because they combine compactness, low power consumption and excellent relative frequency stability. Recently, due to better performing laser sources and innovative techniques to prepare and detect the atoms, several cell-based prototypes exhibiting unprecedented frequency stability have been developed. These techniques allow a reduction in the transfer of laser noise to the atoms, improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio and subsequently the clock's frequency stability. The project IND55 Mclocks funded by the European Metrological Research Programme (EMRP) proposes to develop high performances vapor cell clocks for industrial applications. Three technologies are investigated: 1) the pulsed optical pumping (POP) scheme; 2) the cold atoms approach, and 3) the Coherent Population Trapping (CPT). The results related to the first period of activity are presented.
蒸汽电池原子钟是一项有趣的技术,因为它们结合了紧凑、低功耗和出色的相对频率稳定性。最近,由于性能更好的激光源和创新的技术来制备和检测原子,一些基于细胞的原型已经开发出前所未有的频率稳定性。这些技术可以减少激光噪声向原子的传递,提高信噪比,从而提高时钟的频率稳定性。由欧洲计量研究计划(EMRP)资助的IND55 Mclocks项目提出开发用于工业应用的高性能蒸汽电池时钟。研究了三种技术:1)脉冲光泵浦(POP)方案;2)冷原子方法和3)相干种群捕获(CPT)。介绍了与第一期活动有关的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling and control of a travelling wave in a finite beam, using multi-modal approach and vector control method 基于多模态方法和矢量控制方法的有限梁行波建模与控制
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138895
S. Ghenna, F. Giraud, C. Giraud-Audine, M. Amberg, B. Lemaire-Semail
This paper presents a new method to produce and control the vibration amplitude and direction of a travelling wave in a finite beam, using multi-modal approach. A closed loop control of the transducer vibration is applied using vector control method. the modelling in rotating frame and the decoupling according to two-axis allows to obtain a double independent closed loop control. This allows to regulate the vibration amplitude of the travelling wave directly. An analytical modelling is presented, with experimental validation, showing good performances even in the presence of perturbations.
本文提出了一种利用多模态方法产生和控制有限梁中行波的振幅和方向的新方法。采用矢量控制方法对换能器的振动进行闭环控制。通过旋转框架建模和两轴解耦,实现了双独立闭环控制。这样可以直接调节行波的振动幅度。提出了一种分析模型,并进行了实验验证,即使在存在扰动的情况下也表现出良好的性能。
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引用次数: 7
Precise three-channel integrated time counter 精确的三通道集成时间计数器
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138910
R. Szplet, P. Kwiatkowski, Z. Jachna, K. Rozyc
We present a design, FPGA-based implementation and test results of a new three-channel time interval counter developed for a project called Legal Time Distribution System (LTDS). The main aim of the counter is to gather information about time drift of clocks involved into the LTDS, then to evaluate their stability, and finally to select the most stable one as a local clock. The counter provides a high measurement precision (<; 15 ps) and wide range (> 1s) that are obtained by combining period counting with two-stage time interpolation. The time counter is implemented in a universally available and relatively cheap programmable device from family Spartan-6 (Xilinx).
我们提出了一个设计,基于fpga的实现和一个新的三通道时间间隔计数器的测试结果,该计数器是为一个名为合法时间分配系统(LTDS)的项目开发的。计数器的主要目的是收集LTDS中涉及的时钟的时间漂移信息,然后评估它们的稳定性,最后选择最稳定的时钟作为本地时钟。计数器提供了高的测量精度(15),这是通过结合周期计数和两阶段时间插值获得的。时间计数器是在一个普遍可用的和相对便宜的可编程设备从斯巴达-6 (Xilinx)。
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引用次数: 2
Balanced low-loss 2-IDT double mode SAW filter with narrowed passband and improved selectivity 平衡低损耗2-IDT双模SAW滤波器,窄通带和提高选择性
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138864
D. Sergei
This paper presents the new balanced low-loss DMS filter with the narrowed passband and improved selectivity on 42° YX LiTaO3. The filter is realized as two-transducer scheme. A narrow passband of the filter is obtained by choosing a definite gap length between the input and output IDTs. Also the both long weighted input IDT and reflectors are used. A shape of the frequency response of the filter is determined by the weighting function of the input IDT, number of the electrodes in output IDT and reflectors, relationship between the electrode pitches in the input IDT, output IDT and reflectors. An optimization of the mentioned parameters with a computer simulation using equivalent circuit model allows to get a specified high selectivity of the filter with a fractional bandwidth of 0.5-0.6% under condition that the insertion losses are low and input and output impedances are close to the specified real values. To decrease the input and output impedances the parallel connection of the two filters in the different acoustic tracks is used. To improve the selectivity of the filter the cascaded connection and phase weighting the input IDT are employed. The 300 MHz sample of the balanced SAW filter has shown an insertion loss of 3 dB, 2-dB bandwidth of 1.5 MHz, stopband attenuation of 70 dB at ±12 MHz offsets from a center frequency in a 75-Ω balanced system. The filter did not require the matching elements and housed in the 9.1×7.1×2 mm SMD package.
本文在42°YX LiTaO3上提出了一种窄带、高选择性的新型平衡低损耗DMS滤波器。该滤波器采用双传感器方案实现。通过在输入和输出idt之间选择一定的间隙长度来获得滤波器的窄通带。同时使用了长加权输入IDT和反射器。滤波器的频率响应形状由输入IDT的权重函数、输出IDT和反射器中电极的数量、输入IDT、输出IDT和反射器中电极间距之间的关系决定。利用等效电路模型对上述参数进行计算机仿真优化,可以在插入损耗低、输入输出阻抗接近指定实值的条件下,获得分数带宽为0.5-0.6%的高选择性滤波器。为了减小输入和输出阻抗,采用在不同声道上并联两个滤波器的方法。为了提高滤波器的选择性,采用了级联连接和相位加权输入IDT。平衡SAW滤波器的300 MHz样本显示,在75-Ω平衡系统中,距离中心频率±12 MHz偏移时,插入损耗为3 dB, 2 dB带宽为1.5 MHz,阻带衰减为70 dB。该滤波器不需要匹配的元件,并安装在9.1×7.1×2 mm SMD封装中。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of different carrier-envelope frequency stabilization methods for a high performance DPSSL frequency comb 一种高性能DPSSL频率梳不同载波包络稳频方法的比较
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138915
S. Kundermann, S. Lecomte
Carrier envelope frequency (fCEO) stabilization of frequency combs is traditionally achieved via power modulation of the pump of the comb oscillator. A further possibility is to shift the laser fCEO using an external acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS). In this case the optical frequency comb spectrum is shifted exactly by the RF modulation frequency of the AOFS. In this work different stabilization schemes in self-referenced frequency comb system architecture are compared. It is shown that AOFS frequency shifting represents a high performance alternative to the standard feedback control via pump power modulation.
频率梳的载波包络频率(fCEO)稳定通常是通过对梳状振荡器的泵浦进行功率调制来实现的。另一种可能性是使用外部声光移频器(AOFS)来移动激光fCEO。在这种情况下,光频梳频谱被AOFS的射频调制频率精确地移位。本文对自参考梳频系统结构中不同的稳定方案进行了比较。结果表明,AOFS移频是通过泵浦功率调制的标准反馈控制的一种高性能替代方案。
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引用次数: 2
Mercury lamp studies in support of trapped ion frequency standards 支持捕获离子频率标准的汞灯研究
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138820
L. Yi, E. Burt, R. Tjoelker
The mercury linear ion trap frequency standard (LITS) [1] at JPL continues to advance with multiple applications. In particular, the outstanding long-term stability [2] and practicality of the ground-based clock have attracted significant interests for time-keeping and metrology. However, the mercury RF discharge lamp used for optical pumping and state detection may limit the ultimate stability performance of the clock [3-4], constraining even broader application. For mercury ion frequency standards, the operational lamp behavior is described by the ratio of useful light at 194nm and unwanted background light at 254nm (194/254). This ratio has been observed to depend on several factors Increasing the 194nm output decreases optical pumping times and an increase of the 194/254 ratio improves the clock signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These improvements lead to an improvement in clock short-term stability and enable the use of an even broader range of local oscillators. We have carried out several experiments to unfold the relationship between the 194/254 and the fabrication factors: buffer gas pressure, lamp ID, and the quantity of mercury. The quantitative results may be used to improve the process of lamp fabrication for mercury ion frequency standards. The research here may also shed light on other lamp-based applications.
JPL的汞线性离子阱频率标准(LITS)[1]在多种应用中继续推进。特别是地面时钟出色的长期稳定性和实用性吸引了计时和计量学的极大兴趣。然而,用于光泵浦和状态检测的汞射频放电灯可能会限制时钟的最终稳定性能[3-4],从而限制更广泛的应用。对于汞离子频率标准,工作灯的行为由有用光在194nm和不需要的背景光在254nm(194/254)的比率来描述。该比率取决于几个因素,增加194nm输出减少光泵浦时间,增加194/254比率提高时钟信噪比(SNR)。这些改进导致时钟短期稳定性的改善,并能够使用更广泛的本地振荡器。我们进行了几个实验来揭示194/254与制造因素之间的关系:缓冲气体压力,灯ID和汞的数量。定量结果可用于改进汞离子频率标准灯的制作工艺。这里的研究也可能为其他基于灯的应用提供启示。
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引用次数: 1
The Time Validation Facility (TVF): An all-new key element of the Galileo operational phase 时间验证设施(TVF):伽利略操作阶段的一个全新的关键元素
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138851
R. Piriz, D. Rodríguez, P. Roldan, A. Mudrak, A. Bauch, F. Riedel, E. Staliuniene, J. Galindo, H. Esteban, I. Sesia, G. Cerretto, K. Jaldehag, C. Rieck, P. Uhrich, G. Rovera
In the Galileo FOC phase (Full Operational Capability), GMV is the prime contractor for the Time and Geodetic Validation Facility (TGVF), a contract of the European Space Agency (ESA). Within the TGVF, the Time Validation Facility (TVF) is the subsystem in charge of steering Galileo System Time (GST) to UTC, among other duties. The new TVF is operated at GMV headquarters near Madrid, Spain. TVF operations rely on the contribution of five European timing laboratories, located at INRiM, OP, PTB, ROA, and SP. This paper provides a general description of the TVF element and its related activities for the FOC phase, and presents the main results and findings of the TVF operation until now.
在伽利略FOC阶段(全面作战能力),GMV是欧洲空间局(ESA)合同的时间和大地测量验证设施(TGVF)的主承包商。在TGVF中,时间验证设施(TVF)是负责将伽利略系统时间(GST)转向UTC的子系统,以及其他职责。新的TVF在西班牙马德里附近的GMV总部运营。TVF操作依赖于位于INRiM、OP、PTB、ROA和SP的五个欧洲授时实验室的贡献。本文概述了TVF元素及其在FOC阶段的相关活动,并介绍了TVF操作到目前为止的主要结果和发现。
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引用次数: 8
The study of BeiDou timing receiver delay calibration 北斗授时接收机时延标定研究
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138902
Hongbo Wang, Hang Yi, Shengkang Zhang, Haifeng Wang, F. Shi, Huaiying Shang, Yujie Yang, J. Ge, Zhiqi Li
This paper gives a test method of BeiDou timing receiver delay. A BeiDou System simulator and a time interval counter were used in the experiments. During the process, the most important step is to calibrate the delay of the simulator. The uncertainty of this method is analyzed to be less than 1.5ns. Using this method, some typical Chinese commercial timing receivers were tested, and the results are shown in figures. The receiver delay variations with temperature have been studied.
给出了一种北斗授时接收机时延的测试方法。实验采用了北斗系统模拟器和时间间隔计数器。在此过程中,最重要的一步是对模拟器的延迟进行标定。经分析,该方法的不确定度小于1.5ns。利用该方法对我国典型商用授时接收机进行了测试,测试结果如图所示。研究了接收机时延随温度的变化规律。
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引用次数: 4
87Rb isoclinic point thermometry 87Rb等斜点测温
Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138786
N. Wells, T. Driskell, J. Camparo
The concept of atomic thermometry is demonstrated in an experimental system consisting of two lasers frequency stabilized using FM spectroscopy. Utilizing the temperature insensitivity of the 87Rb D1 isoclinic point, a reference laser is beat against a second laser locked to an atomic transition whose frequency is strongly dependent on the vapor temperature. The data presented here indicates that thermal fluctuations down to the mK level could potentially be sensed. This concept may be useful to obtain improved long term performance in Rb vapor cell atomic clocks.
在一个用调频光谱稳定频率的两个激光器组成的实验系统中,证明了原子测温的概念。利用87Rb D1等斜点的温度不敏感性,参考激光器与锁定在原子跃迁上的第二激光器进行对比,其频率强烈依赖于蒸气温度。这里提供的数据表明,低至mK水平的热波动可能被潜在地感知。这一概念可能有助于提高Rb蒸汽电池原子钟的长期性能。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
时间频率公报
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