Pub Date : 2020-08-07DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2020.104006
Pierre Marcel Anicet Noah, E. F. Betene, Suzie Viviane Obame, Beassoum Allasra, Martin Christian Bindjeme, A. Atangana
This work aims to develop and characterize a hybrid composite material with two particles of the same size. As reinforcing particles, the hulls of palm nuts and coconut are chosen. Hybrid composite material composites in the form of specimens were produced by molding at 10%, 20% and 30% mass fractions in various sizes (0.63 mm, 1.25 mm and 2.5 mm). The samples were physically characterized (water absorption rate, moisture content, actual, theoretical and apparent density) and mechanical in 3-point flexion. The main results are: the highest and minimum water absorption rate are respectively 3.57% and 0.67% for respectively particle sizes 1.25 mm (sample P10C30) and 0.67% in the size of 0.63 mm (sample P10C10). The moisture content varies from 0.64 to 7.14% respectively for the P20C20 (2.5 mm) and P10C30 (2.5 mm) samples. The maximum and minimum real density are 1340,518 Kg/m3 and 1055.981 Kg/m3, for respectively the composites of particles sizes 1.25 mm (P20C10) and 0.63 mm (sample P20C20). The minimum real density is Its maximum theoretical density is 1194.949 Kg/m3 (for samples P20C10, P10C10 and P30C10); however, the minimum is 1189.966 Kg/m3 (P10C20 and P20C20). The bulk density varies from 933.28 Kg/m3 to 1176.1 Kg/m3, respectively, in sizes from 2.5 mm (P10C30) to 0.63 mm (for P10C30). As for the mechanical characteristics, the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) varies from 25.664 GPa to 25.759 GPa, respectively, the samples P10C10 (1.25 mm) and P10C20 (2.5 mm). The MOE values describe a parabola whose peak is reached when the palm shell loads are 20%, that is to say P20C10, whatever the particle size distribution. In resilience, samples with small particles are more resilient with a maximum value of 22.49 J/cm2 and a minimum value of 4.45 J/cm2 to verify the principles of Hall-Petch’s law.
{"title":"Elaboration and Characterization of a Hybrid Composite Material with Two Particles of the Same Size: Coco Shells and Palm Shells","authors":"Pierre Marcel Anicet Noah, E. F. Betene, Suzie Viviane Obame, Beassoum Allasra, Martin Christian Bindjeme, A. Atangana","doi":"10.4236/ojcm.2020.104006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2020.104006","url":null,"abstract":"This \u0000work aims to develop and characterize a hybrid composite material with two \u0000particles of the same size. As reinforcing particles, the hulls of palm nuts \u0000and coconut are chosen. Hybrid composite material composites in the form of \u0000specimens were produced by molding at 10%, 20% and 30% mass fractions in \u0000various sizes (0.63 mm, \u00001.25 mm and \u00002.5 mm). \u0000The samples were physically characterized (water absorption rate, moisture \u0000content, actual, theoretical and apparent density) and mechanical in 3-point \u0000flexion. The main results are: the highest and minimum water absorption rate \u0000are respectively 3.57% and 0.67% for respectively particle sizes 1.25 mm (sample P10C30) and \u00000.67% in the size of 0.63 mm \u0000(sample P10C10). The moisture content varies from 0.64 to 7.14% respectively \u0000for the P20C20 (2.5 mm) and P10C30 (2.5 mm) samples. The maximum and minimum \u0000real density are 1340,518 Kg/m3 and 1055.981 Kg/m3, \u0000for respectively the composites of particles sizes 1.25 mm (P20C10) and 0.63 mm (sample P20C20). The minimum real density is Its maximum theoretical density is 1194.949 Kg/m3 (for samples P20C10, P10C10 and P30C10); however, the minimum is \u00001189.966 Kg/m3 (P10C20 and P20C20). The bulk density varies from \u0000933.28 Kg/m3 to 1176.1 Kg/m3, \u0000respectively, in sizes from 2.5 mm \u0000(P10C30) to 0.63 mm (for \u0000P10C30). As for the mechanical characteristics, the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) \u0000varies from 25.664 GPa to 25.759 GPa, respectively, the samples P10C10 (1.25 \u0000mm) and P10C20 (2.5 mm). The MOE values describe a parabola whose peak is \u0000reached when the palm shell loads are 20%, that is to say P20C10, whatever the \u0000particle size distribution. In resilience, samples with small particles are \u0000more resilient with a maximum value of 22.49 J/cm2 and a minimum \u0000value of 4.45 J/cm2 to verify the principles of Hall-Petch’s law.","PeriodicalId":57868,"journal":{"name":"复合材料期刊(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"77-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49334138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-07DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2020.104007
S. Schwarz, Thomas Höftberger, C. Burgstaller, A. Hackl, C. Schwarzinger
Carbon fibers composites are well-known as high tech materials but are also recognized as a problem after use as they have to be deposited in landfills. Pyrolysis is an attractive process for recycling carbon fibers from used composites as well as offcuts from prepregs. Pyrolysis of carbon fiber composite prepregs is carried out in a pilot plant with a single screw reactor. The pyrolysis products, carbon fibers and pyrolysis vapor are fully characterized. Variation of pyrolysis temperature is carried out to obtain carbon fibers with the best possible surface properties. In order to compare the mechanical properties of the recycled carbon fibers with virgin material, composite materials with polyamide are produced and their properties compared.
{"title":"Pyrolytic Recycling of Carbon Fibers from Prepregs and Their Use in Polyamide Composites","authors":"S. Schwarz, Thomas Höftberger, C. Burgstaller, A. Hackl, C. Schwarzinger","doi":"10.4236/ojcm.2020.104007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2020.104007","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fibers composites are well-known as high tech materials but are also recognized \u0000as a problem after use as they have to be deposited in landfills. Pyrolysis is \u0000an attractive process for recycling carbon fibers from used composites as well \u0000as offcuts from prepregs. Pyrolysis of carbon fiber composite prepregs is \u0000carried out in a pilot plant with a single screw reactor. The pyrolysis \u0000products, carbon fibers and pyrolysis vapor are fully characterized. Variation \u0000of pyrolysis temperature is carried out to obtain carbon fibers with the best \u0000possible surface properties. In order to compare the mechanical properties of \u0000the recycled carbon fibers with virgin material, composite materials with \u0000polyamide are produced and their properties compared.","PeriodicalId":57868,"journal":{"name":"复合材料期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48399009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-07DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2020.104008
Ze Eric Parfait, Tchotang Théodore, Souck Joseph Loic, Nfor Clins Wiryikfu, P. Joseph, Mpoung Léon Arnaud
The aim of this study is to characterize physically and mechanically a polyester/fiber palm petiole composite material. This work made it possible to provide the local database of composite materials but also to develop agricultural waste. According to BSI 2782 standard three formulations [A (10% fiber, 90% polyester); B (20% fiber, 80% polyester) and C (30% fiber, 70% polyester)]. Water Absorption rate, density, compressive and three points bending tests are carried out on the samples obtained by the contact molding method for each formulation. The material composite obtained by adding fibers from palm oil petiole has a density of 17.98% lower than the one made of pure polyester. Fiber reinforcement rate has no impact on the density of the composite. Formulation A most absorbs water while formulation C has good tensile/compression characteristics and the greatest breaking stress in bending among the three formulations.
{"title":"Elaboration and Characterization of a Fiber Composite Material Made of Petioles of the Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm)","authors":"Ze Eric Parfait, Tchotang Théodore, Souck Joseph Loic, Nfor Clins Wiryikfu, P. Joseph, Mpoung Léon Arnaud","doi":"10.4236/ojcm.2020.104008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2020.104008","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to characterize physically and mechanically a \u0000polyester/fiber palm petiole composite material. This work made it possible to \u0000provide the local database of composite materials but also to develop \u0000agricultural waste. According to BSI 2782 standard three formulations [A (10% \u0000fiber, 90% polyester); B (20% fiber, 80% polyester) and C (30% fiber, 70% polyester)]. Water Absorption rate, density, \u0000compressive and three points bending tests are carried out on the \u0000samples obtained by the contact molding method for each formulation. The \u0000material composite obtained by adding fibers from palm oil petiole has a \u0000density of 17.98% lower than the one made of pure polyester. Fiber \u0000reinforcement rate has no impact on the density of the composite. Formulation A \u0000most absorbs water while formulation C has good tensile/compression \u0000characteristics and the greatest breaking stress in bending among the three \u0000formulations.","PeriodicalId":57868,"journal":{"name":"复合材料期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45918075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-07DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2020.104009
Zhu Chenkai, Saihua Li, Cong Xiaoye, Liu Xiaoling
The growing environmental concerns have led to attention on bio-based composite materials, such as the natural fibres, recycled carbon fibres and bio-based resins. Herein, the bio-based epoxy composites were reinforced with ramie fibre (RF) and recycled carbon fibre (rCF) via inter-layer hybridisation. The dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile, flexural and impact properties characterisation were conducted to analyse the mechanical behaviour of the specimens. Also, the morphology of fractured surface after mechanical tests was studied under a scanning electron microscope. When the volume ratio between RF and rCF was varied from 100/0 to 0/100, the flexural and tensile strength of composites was significantly increased, while the impact strength was reduced. Thus the maximum values of flexural strength (182 MPa) and tensile strength (165 MPa) were observed for rCF reinforced composite, whilst impact strength of 24 kJ/m2 was found for RF reinforced composite. Furthermore, the values of storage and loss modulus were increased with the rCF incorporation due to a greater degree of restriction with the addition of rCF into the matrix. The hybridisation was able to combine the specific properties of RF and rCF and optimise the mechanical performance of composites. Therefore, the alternative low-cost green composites are prepared which can replace synthetic materials for semi-structural applications.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Bio-Based Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Hybrid-Interlayer Ramie and Recycled Carbon Fibres","authors":"Zhu Chenkai, Saihua Li, Cong Xiaoye, Liu Xiaoling","doi":"10.4236/ojcm.2020.104009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2020.104009","url":null,"abstract":"The growing environmental concerns have led to \u0000attention on bio-based composite materials, such as the natural fibres, \u0000recycled carbon fibres and bio-based resins. Herein, the bio-based epoxy \u0000composites were reinforced with ramie fibre (RF) and recycled carbon fibre \u0000(rCF) via inter-layer hybridisation. The dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile, \u0000flexural and impact properties characterisation were conducted to analyse the \u0000mechanical behaviour of the specimens. Also, the morphology of fractured \u0000surface after mechanical tests was studied under a scanning electron \u0000microscope. When the volume ratio between RF and rCF was varied from 100/0 to \u00000/100, the flexural and tensile strength of composites was significantly \u0000increased, while the impact strength was reduced. Thus the maximum values of \u0000flexural strength (182 MPa) and tensile strength (165 MPa) were observed for \u0000rCF reinforced composite, whilst impact strength of 24 kJ/m2 was \u0000found for RF reinforced composite. Furthermore, the values of storage and loss \u0000modulus were increased with the rCF incorporation due to a greater degree of \u0000restriction with the addition of rCF into the matrix. The hybridisation was \u0000able to combine the specific properties of RF and rCF and optimise the \u0000mechanical performance of composites. Therefore, the alternative low-cost green \u0000composites are prepared which can replace synthetic materials for \u0000semi-structural applications.","PeriodicalId":57868,"journal":{"name":"复合材料期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2020.103005
Serge Pacome Kaho, K. C. Kouadio, C. H. Kouakou, E. Eméruwa
Environmental pollution is a whole world concern. One of the causes of that pollution is the proliferation of plastic waste. Among these wastes there is expanded polystyrene (EPS), mainly from packaging. This study aims to valorize EPS waste by developing a composite material from EPS waste and wood waste. For this purpose, a resin made of EPS has been elaborated by dissolving EPS in acetone. That resin was used as a binder in volume proportions of 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% to stabilize the samples. Some of them were thermoformed. The method of elaboration was based on a device consisting of an extruder for mixing the constituents, and a manual press for shaping and compacting the samples. Analyses show that the drying time depends on the composition of the mixture. Increasing the resin content leads to reduce water absorption and porosity of the samples; it also contributes to homogenize the internal structure of the samples. However, for the same resin contents, the thermoformed samples are less porous; they have more homogeneous internal structure; and absorb less water than non-thermoformed samples.
{"title":"Development of a Composite Material Based on Wood Waste Stabilized with Recycled Expanded Polystyrene","authors":"Serge Pacome Kaho, K. C. Kouadio, C. H. Kouakou, E. Eméruwa","doi":"10.4236/ojcm.2020.103005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2020.103005","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental pollution is a whole world concern. One of the causes of that pollution is the proliferation of plastic waste. Among \u0000these wastes there is expanded polystyrene \u0000(EPS), mainly from packaging. This study \u0000aims to valorize EPS waste by developing a composite material from EPS waste \u0000and wood waste. For this purpose, a resin made of EPS has been elaborated by \u0000dissolving EPS in acetone. That resin was used as a binder in volume \u0000proportions of 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% to \u0000stabilize the samples. Some of them were thermoformed. The method of \u0000elaboration was based on a device consisting of an extruder for mixing the \u0000constituents, and a manual press for shaping and compacting the samples. \u0000Analyses show that the drying time depends on the composition of the mixture. \u0000Increasing the resin content leads to reduce water absorption and porosity of \u0000the samples; it also contributes to homogenize the internal structure of the \u0000samples. However, for the same resin contents, the thermoformed samples are \u0000less porous; they have more homogeneous \u0000internal structure; and absorb less water \u0000than non-thermoformed samples.","PeriodicalId":57868,"journal":{"name":"复合材料期刊(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42525700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2020.103004
S.M.R. Kazmi, J. Schuster, Johannes Lutz
The Resin Infusion or the VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) process has significant potential to be used to manufacture curved composites. Another way to produce curved or complex geometry is to use 3D printers. 3D or FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) printers are now being used to produce relatively cheaper curved parts using thermoplastics such as PLA. However, the strength and mechanical performance of these parts is limited and can be enhanced if the polymer is reinforced with a type of fiber for instance. Research is being carried out to produce fiber rein-forced thermoplastic composites but that process is expected to be more expensive than the alternative methods such as injection or compression molding. Furthermore, to understand the manufacture of a hybrid composite using thermoplastics, fibers and epoxy resin, research and investigation need to be carried out. In this research, there are single-sided, double-sided, reusable, disposable and consumable molds. Most of the molds were created either using an FDM printer or manually. These molds were then used to manufacture flat and curved composite structures via the resin injection process, i.e. VARTM with epoxy resin system and glass/carbon/flax fiber reinforcement. By replacing the costly metallic molds by significantly cheaper molds, the cost of production was expected to further reduce. Furthermore, using double-sided PLA molds was not expected to be a threat to the overall cost of the composite part in question compared to double-sided matched molds used in compression molding. Shear strength, tensile strength and charpy impact strength of most of the manufactured composite parts were also investigated. The strengths were compared based on the method of mold usage. The results showed that this method is effective for a cheaper production of curved epoxy resin composites. However, the strength of the part will decrease as the curved profile gets more complicated unless the basic resin infusion process is altered.
{"title":"Exploring the Potential to Uniquely Manufacture Curved VARTM Epoxy Composites Using Cost-Effective FDM Molds","authors":"S.M.R. Kazmi, J. Schuster, Johannes Lutz","doi":"10.4236/ojcm.2020.103004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2020.103004","url":null,"abstract":"The \u0000Resin Infusion or the VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) process \u0000has significant potential to be used to manufacture curved composites. Another \u0000way to produce curved or complex geometry is to use 3D printers. 3D or FDM \u0000(Fused Deposition Modelling) printers are now being used to produce relatively \u0000cheaper curved parts using thermoplastics such as PLA. However, the strength \u0000and mechanical performance of these parts is limited and can be enhanced if the \u0000polymer is reinforced with a type of fiber for instance. Research is being \u0000carried out to produce fiber rein-forced thermoplastic composites but that \u0000process is expected to be more expensive than the alternative methods such as \u0000injection or compression molding. Furthermore, to understand the manufacture of \u0000a hybrid composite using thermoplastics, fibers and epoxy resin, research and \u0000investigation need to be carried out. In this research, there are single-sided, double-sided, reusable, disposable and consumable molds. \u0000Most of the molds were created either using an FDM printer or manually. These \u0000molds were then used to manufacture flat and curved composite structures via \u0000the resin injection process, i.e. VARTM with epoxy resin system and glass/carbon/flax fiber reinforcement. By \u0000replacing the costly metallic molds by significantly cheaper molds, the cost of \u0000production was expected to further reduce. Furthermore, using double-sided PLA \u0000molds was not expected to be a threat to the overall cost of the composite part \u0000in question compared to double-sided matched molds used in compression molding. \u0000Shear strength, tensile strength and charpy impact strength of most of the \u0000manufactured composite parts were also investigated. The strengths were \u0000compared based on the method of mold usage. The results showed that this method \u0000is effective for a cheaper production of curved epoxy resin composites. \u0000However, the strength of the part will decrease as the curved profile gets more \u0000complicated unless the basic resin infusion process is altered.","PeriodicalId":57868,"journal":{"name":"复合材料期刊(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"45-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41374676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2020.102003
H. Shivakumar, N. Renukappa, K. Shivakumar, B. Suresha
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are novel nanofillers holding attractive characteristics, including vigorous compatibility with majority polymers, outstanding mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. In this study, the outstanding GNPs filler was reinforced to the epoxy matrix and carbon fabric/epoxy hybrid composite slabs to enrich their mechanical properties. Graphene nanoplatelets of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 weight percentages were integrated into the epoxy and the physico-mechanical (microstructure, density, tensile, flexural and impact strength) properties were investigated. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of unfilled and 1 wt% GNPs filled carbon fabric/epoxy hybrid composite slabs were investigated. Subsequently, noteworthy improvement in the mechanical properties was conquered for the carbon fabric/epoxy hybrid composites.
{"title":"The Reinforcing Effect of Graphene on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon-Epoxy Composites","authors":"H. Shivakumar, N. Renukappa, K. Shivakumar, B. Suresha","doi":"10.4236/ojcm.2020.102003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2020.102003","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene \u0000nanoplatelets (GNPs) are novel nanofillers holding attractive characteristics, \u0000including vigorous compatibility with majority polymers, outstanding mechanical, \u0000thermal, and electrical properties. In this study, the outstanding GNPs filler \u0000was reinforced to the epoxy matrix and carbon fabric/epoxy hybrid composite \u0000slabs to enrich their mechanical properties. Graphene nanoplatelets of 0.5, 1, \u00001.5 and 2 weight percentages were integrated into the epoxy and the \u0000physico-mechanical (microstructure, density, tensile, flexural and impact \u0000strength) properties were investigated. Furthermore, the mechanical properties \u0000of unfilled and 1 wt% \u0000GNPs filled carbon fabric/epoxy hybrid composite slabs were investigated. \u0000Subsequently, noteworthy improvement in the mechanical properties was conquered \u0000for the carbon fabric/epoxy hybrid composites.","PeriodicalId":57868,"journal":{"name":"复合材料期刊(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"27-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49179840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2020.101001
Thomas I. Altanopoulos, I. G. Raftoyiannis
This work addresses the tensile properties of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) and investigates the different ways of estimating them without the cost associated with experimentation. This attempt is achieved through comparison between experimental results, derived in accordance with the ASTM standards, and results obtained using the mechanics of composite materials. The experimental results are also compared to results derived from work by other researchers in order to corroborate the findings regarding the correlation of tensile properties of the GFRP material and the fiber volume fraction.
{"title":"Deriving Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) Using Mechanics of Composite Materials","authors":"Thomas I. Altanopoulos, I. G. Raftoyiannis","doi":"10.4236/ojcm.2020.101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2020.101001","url":null,"abstract":"This work addresses the tensile properties of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) and investigates the different ways of estimating them without the cost associated with experimentation. This attempt is achieved through comparison between experimental results, derived in accordance with the ASTM standards, and results obtained using the mechanics of composite materials. The experimental results are also compared to results derived from work by other researchers in order to corroborate the findings regarding the correlation of tensile properties of the GFRP material and the fiber volume fraction.","PeriodicalId":57868,"journal":{"name":"复合材料期刊(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojcm.2020.101002
G. Ganga, A. K. Manounou, N. Malanda, M. D. Gadet, T. Nsongo
In the present study, kambala (botanical name: Chlorophora excelsa and Chlorophora regia) wood wastes were incorporated into stabilized earth bricks in order to test their acoustic insulation capacity of the walls; leading to better waste management from the timber industry. Two methods have been applied to determine the influence of the wood waste content in the stabilized earth bricks, on the weakening of the level of noise reception coming from the environmental medium, in an apartment built with composite bricks (earth + wood chips + cement). This influence has also been analyzed on the magnetic field induced by these bricks. The results showed that the level of sound reception through these bricks decreases with increasing wood waste content regardless of the method used (from 110 dB to 68 dB, respectively for Φb = 0% and Φb = 8%). The kambala wood waste in cement-stabilized clay bricks induces a magnetic field that increases with the wood waste content; the high contents of the wood chips causing an increase in the magnetic permeability of the composite medium. The correlation between the noise level and the magnetic field of the bricks shows that the noise level declines with increasing magnetic induction of the bricks.
{"title":"Effect of Wood Waste on Acoustic and Magnetic Properties of Composite Bricks and Correlation between Sound Velocity and Magnetic Induction in These Bricks","authors":"G. Ganga, A. K. Manounou, N. Malanda, M. D. Gadet, T. Nsongo","doi":"10.4236/ojcm.2020.101002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2020.101002","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, kambala (botanical name: Chlorophora excelsa and Chlorophora regia) wood wastes were incorporated into stabilized earth bricks in order to test their acoustic insulation capacity of the walls; leading to better waste management from the timber industry. Two methods have been applied to determine the influence of the wood waste content in the stabilized earth bricks, on the weakening of the level of noise reception coming from the environmental medium, in an apartment built with composite bricks (earth + wood chips + cement). This influence has also been analyzed on the magnetic field induced by these bricks. The results showed that the level of sound reception through these bricks decreases with increasing wood waste content regardless of the method used (from 110 dB to 68 dB, respectively for Φb = 0% and Φb = 8%). The kambala wood waste in cement-stabilized clay bricks induces a magnetic field that increases with the wood waste content; the high contents of the wood chips causing an increase in the magnetic permeability of the composite medium. The correlation between the noise level and the magnetic field of the bricks shows that the noise level declines with increasing magnetic induction of the bricks.","PeriodicalId":57868,"journal":{"name":"复合材料期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. T. Nhàn, K. Obunai, K. Okubo, O. Shibata, H. Tomokuni, Y. Fujita
Vinyl ester (VE) resin inherently has intrinsic brittleness due to its high cross-link density. To improve mechanical performance, micro/nano fillers are widely used to modify this matrix. In present study, glass fiber in submicron scale at low contents was added into VE to prepare submicron composite (sMC). The impact resistance of un-notched sMC degraded with the increase of sGF content while that of notched-sMC remained the unchanged. Flexural properties of sMCs also were the same with that of neat resin. The results of Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test showed the slight increase of storage modulus and the decrease of tan delta value in the case of sMC compared to those of un-filled matrix. However, the Mode I fracture toughness of sMC improved up to 26% and 61% corresponding to 0.3 and 0.6 wt% glass fiber used. The compact tension sample test suggests that there is the delay of crack propagation under tensile cyclic load in resin reinforced by submicron glass fiber. The number of failure cycle enlarged proportionally with the increment of sGF content in matrix.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Submicron Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composite","authors":"N. T. Nhàn, K. Obunai, K. Okubo, O. Shibata, H. Tomokuni, Y. Fujita","doi":"10.4236/ojcm.2019.94023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2019.94023","url":null,"abstract":"Vinyl ester (VE) resin inherently has intrinsic \u0000brittleness due to its high cross-link density. To improve mechanical \u0000performance, micro/nano fillers are \u0000widely used to modify this matrix. In present study, glass fiber in submicron scale at low contents was added into VE to prepare submicron composite (sMC). The impact resistance of un-notched sMC degraded with the increase of sGF content while that of notched-sMC remained the \u0000unchanged. Flexural properties of sMCs also were the same with that of neat \u0000resin. The results of Dynamic mechanical \u0000analysis (DMA) test showed the slight increase \u0000of storage modulus and the decrease of tan delta value in the case of sMC compared to those of un-filled matrix. \u0000However, the Mode I fracture toughness of sMC improved up to 26% and 61% corresponding to 0.3 and 0.6 wt% glass fiber used. \u0000The compact tension sample test suggests that there is the delay of crack \u0000propagation under tensile cyclic load in resin reinforced by submicron glass \u0000fiber. The number of failure cycle enlarged proportionally with the increment of sGF content in matrix.","PeriodicalId":57868,"journal":{"name":"复合材料期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42191455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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