Pub Date : 2017-11-15DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2017.911013
H. Sarafian
In this article we explore the kinematics of a point-like charged particle placed within the interior plane of a charged ring. Analytically we formulate the electric field of the ring along a representative diagonal. Graph of the field as a function of the distance from the center of the ring assists foreseeing oscillating movement of the charged particle. We formulate the equation of motion; this is a nonlinear differential equation. Applying Computer Algebra System (CAS), specifically Mathematica [1] we solve the equation numerically. Utilizing the solution we quantify the kinematic quantities of interest including oscillations period. Although the equation of motion is nonlinear its period is regulated. For better understanding we take an advantage of Mathematica animation features animating the nonlinear oscillations.
{"title":"Legendre Polynomial and Nonlinear Oscillating Point-Like Charged Particle","authors":"H. Sarafian","doi":"10.4236/JEMAA.2017.911013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JEMAA.2017.911013","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we explore the kinematics of a point-like charged particle placed within the interior plane of a charged ring. Analytically we formulate the electric field of the ring along a representative diagonal. Graph of the field as a function of the distance from the center of the ring assists foreseeing oscillating movement of the charged particle. We formulate the equation of motion; this is a nonlinear differential equation. Applying Computer Algebra System (CAS), specifically Mathematica [1] we solve the equation numerically. Utilizing the solution we quantify the kinematic quantities of interest including oscillations period. Although the equation of motion is nonlinear its period is regulated. For better understanding we take an advantage of Mathematica animation features animating the nonlinear oscillations.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"147-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48836621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-15DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2017.911015
V. Cooray, G. Cooray
The action (the product of radiated energy and the time of emission) of the radiation fields generated by four types of radiators, namely, short electric dipole, small magnetic dipole, travelling wave antenna and bi-conical antenna is investigated with special reference to the charge associated with the current waveform which is responsible for the radiation. The results obtained can be summarized by the order of magnitude inequality where A is the action (product of the radiated energy and the time of emission), h is the Planck constant, q is the charge associated with the current that gave rise to the radiation and e is the electronic charge. The condition is obtained when the length of the antenna and its radius are pushed to its extreme natural limits. Based on the results obtained here and elsewhere, it is suggested that this inequality is valid in general for electromagnetic radiation fields as predicted by classical electrodynamics.
{"title":"A Universal Condition Satisfied by the Action of Electromagnetic Radiation Fields","authors":"V. Cooray, G. Cooray","doi":"10.4236/JEMAA.2017.911015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JEMAA.2017.911015","url":null,"abstract":"The action (the product of radiated energy and the time of emission) of the radiation fields generated by four types of radiators, namely, short electric dipole, small magnetic dipole, travelling wave antenna and bi-conical antenna is investigated with special reference to the charge associated with the current waveform which is responsible for the radiation. The results obtained can be summarized by the order of magnitude inequality where A is the action (product of the radiated energy and the time of emission), h is the Planck constant, q is the charge associated with the current that gave rise to the radiation and e is the electronic charge. The condition is obtained when the length of the antenna and its radius are pushed to its extreme natural limits. Based on the results obtained here and elsewhere, it is suggested that this inequality is valid in general for electromagnetic radiation fields as predicted by classical electrodynamics.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"167-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49346027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-30DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2017.910012
M. A. López-Mariño, J. C. T. Caballero
In this work, we modeled and simulated the electric potential generated by point charges in the region of grounded conductor planes for Yukawa potential (e−μ/r) and Coulomb potential (1/r). We show the symbolic expression for the electric potential and some graphs for it and for the electric field with different values of μ. We observe that the electric potential decreases as the value of μ increases and that does not allow all the charge to be distributed on the surface of the conductor.
{"title":"Point Charges and Conducting Planes for Yukawa’s Potential and Coulomb’s Potential","authors":"M. A. López-Mariño, J. C. T. Caballero","doi":"10.4236/JEMAA.2017.910012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JEMAA.2017.910012","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we modeled and simulated the electric potential generated by point charges in the region of grounded conductor planes for Yukawa potential (e−μ/r) and Coulomb potential (1/r). We show the symbolic expression for the electric potential and some graphs for it and for the electric field with different values of μ. We observe that the electric potential decreases as the value of μ increases and that does not allow all the charge to be distributed on the surface of the conductor.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48276800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-26DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2017.99011
A. Lonappan, T. Afullo, W. M. Daniels
This paper discusses a novel method of analyzing the dielectric properties of juices at various frequencies of microwave band. The measurements were performed using a rectangular cavity with the perturbation technique at the S-band of microwave frequency with fresh juices made instantly from the fruits as well as collected from the packed fruit juices available in the market with the normal added preservatives in order to keep the increase of the shelf life. From the results, it is observed in the certain dielectric properties, the fresh juices samples and packed juices samples were varying and also varying over a period of time. This measurement method is simple and quick and can be used over a range of juices. These results prove a new method of determining the quality control of juices using microwave principles.
{"title":"Analysis of Certain Fruit Juices Using Microwave Techniques","authors":"A. Lonappan, T. Afullo, W. M. Daniels","doi":"10.4236/JEMAA.2017.99011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JEMAA.2017.99011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a novel method of analyzing the dielectric properties of juices at various frequencies of microwave band. The measurements were performed using a rectangular cavity with the perturbation technique at the S-band of microwave frequency with fresh juices made instantly from the fruits as well as collected from the packed fruit juices available in the market with the normal added preservatives in order to keep the increase of the shelf life. From the results, it is observed in the certain dielectric properties, the fresh juices samples and packed juices samples were varying and also varying over a period of time. This measurement method is simple and quick and can be used over a range of juices. These results prove a new method of determining the quality control of juices using microwave principles.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48851136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-31DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2017.98010
A. Alaa, M. E. Said, S. Mahmoud
This paper aims to study and analyze the electromagnetic propagation in media with negative transverse permeability and how this leads into some physical phenomena such as the appearance of backward waves and the propagation below cutoff. This study is done through the use of metamaterials of split ring resonators. It is shown that the waveguide dimensions needed to transmit a certain frequency band, can be miniaturized to half its dimension. The analytical determination of the propagation inside a waveguide in the presence of two slabs with dielectric permittivity and negative transverse permeability is derived. Finally it is shown by simulation, how to obtain a backward wave with lower loss than reported earlier in the literature.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Waveguide Loaded by Split Ring Resonator of Negative Permeability","authors":"A. Alaa, M. E. Said, S. Mahmoud","doi":"10.4236/JEMAA.2017.98010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JEMAA.2017.98010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to study and analyze the electromagnetic propagation in media with negative transverse permeability and how this leads into some physical phenomena such as the appearance of backward waves and the propagation below cutoff. This study is done through the use of metamaterials of split ring resonators. It is shown that the waveguide dimensions needed to transmit a certain frequency band, can be miniaturized to half its dimension. The analytical determination of the propagation inside a waveguide in the presence of two slabs with dielectric permittivity and negative transverse permeability is derived. Finally it is shown by simulation, how to obtain a backward wave with lower loss than reported earlier in the literature.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45311323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-18DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2017.97009
Leandro de Paula Santos Pereira, M. Terada
This article presents a procedure for electromagnetic field and polarization control with antennas. The concept previously introduced by the authors for spatially distributed three-dimensional electromagnetic polarization (as time varies) is discussed and extended also to include non-ideal antennas and the control of electromagnetic field distributions (at a given instant of time). These polarizations and fields are herein referred to as “3D”, although time is also inherent to them. Even that the main objective is to introduce a mathematically/numerically consistent synthesis technique for controlling the 3D electromagnetic fields and polarizations, an effort is made to present and discuss possible applications, including but not limited to torus-knotted distributions and spatial multiplexing for transmission of information in wireless digital communication systems.
{"title":"Synthesis of Antennas for Field and Polarization Control","authors":"Leandro de Paula Santos Pereira, M. Terada","doi":"10.4236/JEMAA.2017.97009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JEMAA.2017.97009","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a procedure for electromagnetic field and polarization control with antennas. The concept previously introduced by the authors for spatially distributed three-dimensional electromagnetic polarization (as time varies) is discussed and extended also to include non-ideal antennas and the control of electromagnetic field distributions (at a given instant of time). These polarizations and fields are herein referred to as “3D”, although time is also inherent to them. Even that the main objective is to introduce a mathematically/numerically consistent synthesis technique for controlling the 3D electromagnetic fields and polarizations, an effort is made to present and discuss possible applications, including but not limited to torus-knotted distributions and spatial multiplexing for transmission of information in wireless digital communication systems.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"97-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42332215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2017.96008
Jeffrey N. Wu
This paper examines the properties of the double loop wireless power transmitter using numerical simulations. The double loop wireless power transmitter consists of two coupling and parallel loop antennas which transmit field energy through resonant electromagnetic waves. This tech-nology can be applied in RFIDs (Radio Frequency Identification) and re-mote charging scenarios where wires cannot be applied to, including the wireless charging of drones and satellites.
{"title":"Analysis on Double Loop Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"Jeffrey N. Wu","doi":"10.4236/JEMAA.2017.96008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JEMAA.2017.96008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the properties of the double loop wireless power transmitter using numerical simulations. The double loop wireless power transmitter consists of two coupling and parallel loop antennas which transmit field energy through resonant electromagnetic waves. This tech-nology can be applied in RFIDs (Radio Frequency Identification) and re-mote charging scenarios where wires cannot be applied to, including the wireless charging of drones and satellites.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"9 1","pages":"91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-23DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2017.95007
G. Kennell
Questions and difficulties are presented pertaining to the quantitative characterization of the electric field in certain scenarios. Specific examples concerning electrolytes are explored. Newton’s third law is invoked and the concept of mobile charge density is presented in relation to free charge density and bound charge density. The notion of mobile charge density is utilized to develop a theory and model for the electric field coupled with electrolytic properties and transport. Validations, simulations, and implications of the model are presented and discussed, including: is it possible to extend Maxwell’s equations to a more generalized form?
{"title":"Free, Bound, and Mobile Charge Density","authors":"G. Kennell","doi":"10.4236/JEMAA.2017.95007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JEMAA.2017.95007","url":null,"abstract":"Questions and difficulties are presented pertaining to the quantitative characterization of the electric field in certain scenarios. Specific examples concerning electrolytes are explored. Newton’s third law is invoked and the concept of mobile charge density is presented in relation to free charge density and bound charge density. The notion of mobile charge density is utilized to develop a theory and model for the electric field coupled with electrolytic properties and transport. Validations, simulations, and implications of the model are presented and discussed, including: is it possible to extend Maxwell’s equations to a more generalized form?","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"9 1","pages":"73-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45119400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-17DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2017.94006
R. K. Nutor, Xiaozhen Fan, S. Ren, M. Chen, Yunzhang Fang
Since it was discovered that stress annealing induced larger anisotropies compared to other annealing methods in amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys, there has been a lot of research done to explain this phenomenon. This has led to many suggestions about the origin of this stress-induced magnetic anisotropy, but till now the origin is explained with two competing models: the magnetoelastic effect model and the diatomic pair ordering model. In spite of these theories, the origin of the stress-induced anisotropy is still under discussion because direct observation of structural anisotropy is still lacking. In this paper, we have reviewed some of the characterization techniques which have been used to discuss the origin of stress-induced magnetic anisotropy and the progress which has been made thus far in unifying all the contrasting views which has been suggested to be the origin of the stress-induced anisotropy in FINEMET alloys.
{"title":"Research Progress of Stress-Induced Magnetic Anisotropy in Fe-Based Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Alloys","authors":"R. K. Nutor, Xiaozhen Fan, S. Ren, M. Chen, Yunzhang Fang","doi":"10.4236/JEMAA.2017.94006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JEMAA.2017.94006","url":null,"abstract":"Since it was discovered that stress annealing induced larger anisotropies compared to other annealing methods in amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys, there has been a lot of research done to explain this phenomenon. This has led to many suggestions about the origin of this stress-induced magnetic anisotropy, but till now the origin is explained with two competing models: the magnetoelastic effect model and the diatomic pair ordering model. In spite of these theories, the origin of the stress-induced anisotropy is still under discussion because direct observation of structural anisotropy is still lacking. In this paper, we have reviewed some of the characterization techniques which have been used to discuss the origin of stress-induced magnetic anisotropy and the progress which has been made thus far in unifying all the contrasting views which has been suggested to be the origin of the stress-induced anisotropy in FINEMET alloys.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"9 1","pages":"53-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43052090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-16DOI: 10.4236/JEMAA.2017.93005
S. Koshevaya, V. Grimalsky, Y. Kotsarenko, M. Tecpoyotl, J.A. Escobedo
The amplification of microwaves in n-GaAs films has been widely studied. On the other hand, using nonlinear parametric effects in microwave, millimeter, and THz ranges has a large potential. In this paper the resonant nonlinear phenomena are investigated in active n-GaAs semiconductor and in films on its base. The phenomena are the nonlinear interactions of space charge waves, including the frequency multiplication and mixing, and the three-wave interaction between two THz electromagnetic waves and a single space charge wave. This three-wave interaction results in the superheterodyne amplification of THz waves. The electron velocity in GaAs is the nonlinear function of an external electric field. If the bias electric field is more E0>Ecrit ≈3KV/cm , it is possible to obtain a negative differential mobility (NDM and space charge waves). The space charge waves have phase velocity of electrons equal to v0=v(E0), E0=V0/Lz , where V0 is the voltage, producing the bias electric field E0 in GaAs film. The superheterodyne amplification and the multiplication of microwaves are very promising for building active sensors in telecommunications system, radiometers, and radio telescopes. The superheterodyne mechanism has an advantage related to decreasing noise because of increasing of frequency in the process of amplification. It is used in the process of amplification of longitudinal space charge waves that in turn causes the transfer of energy from longitudinal wave into transverse one with increasing frequency. This is realized due to parametric coupling of two transverse waves and a single space charge wave in GaAs.
{"title":"Superheterodyne Amplification for Increase the Working Frequency","authors":"S. Koshevaya, V. Grimalsky, Y. Kotsarenko, M. Tecpoyotl, J.A. Escobedo","doi":"10.4236/JEMAA.2017.93005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JEMAA.2017.93005","url":null,"abstract":"The amplification of microwaves in n-GaAs films has been widely studied. On the other hand, using nonlinear parametric effects in microwave, millimeter, and THz ranges has a large potential. In this paper the resonant nonlinear phenomena are investigated in active n-GaAs semiconductor and in films on its base. The phenomena are the nonlinear interactions of space charge waves, including the frequency multiplication and mixing, and the three-wave interaction between two THz electromagnetic waves and a single space charge wave. This three-wave interaction results in the superheterodyne amplification of THz waves. The electron velocity in GaAs is the nonlinear function of an external electric field. If the bias electric field is more E0>Ecrit ≈3KV/cm , it is possible to obtain a negative differential mobility (NDM and space charge waves). The space charge waves have phase velocity of electrons equal to v0=v(E0), E0=V0/Lz , where V0 is the voltage, producing the bias electric field E0 in GaAs film. The superheterodyne amplification and the multiplication of microwaves are very promising for building active sensors in telecommunications system, radiometers, and radio telescopes. The superheterodyne mechanism has an advantage related to decreasing noise because of increasing of frequency in the process of amplification. It is used in the process of amplification of longitudinal space charge waves that in turn causes the transfer of energy from longitudinal wave into transverse one with increasing frequency. This is realized due to parametric coupling of two transverse waves and a single space charge wave in GaAs.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"9 1","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43266848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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