Haythem Alhumud, M. Zohdy, D. Debnath, Richard Olawoyin, S. Arefifar
Wireless sensors networks (WSNs) combined with cognitive radio have developed and solved the limited space of the frequency spectrum. In this paper, we propose different types of spectrums sensing and their own decisions depend on the probabilities that applied into fusion center, and how these probabilities’ techniques help to enhance the energy consumption of WSNs. In the same way, the importance of designing balanced distribution between the wireless sensors networks and their own sinks. This research also provides an overview of security issues in CR-WSN, especially in Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification (SSDF) attacks that enforces harmful effects on spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing. We adopt OR rule as four types of CRSN sensing protocolin greenhouses application by using Matlab and Netsim simulators. Our results show that the designing balanced wireless sensors and their sinks in greenhouses are very significant to decrease the energy, which is due to the traffic congestion in the sink range area. Furthermore, by applying OR rule has enhanced the energy consumption, and improved the sensors network lifetime compared to cognitive radio network.
{"title":"Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio-Wireless Sensors Network Based on OR Rule Decision to Enhance Energy Consumption in Greenhouses","authors":"Haythem Alhumud, M. Zohdy, D. Debnath, Richard Olawoyin, S. Arefifar","doi":"10.4236/WSN.2019.111001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WSN.2019.111001","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensors networks (WSNs) combined with cognitive radio have developed and solved the limited space of the frequency spectrum. In this paper, we propose different types of spectrums sensing and their own decisions depend on the probabilities that applied into fusion center, and how these probabilities’ techniques help to enhance the energy consumption of WSNs. In the same way, the importance of designing balanced distribution between the wireless sensors networks and their own sinks. This research also provides an overview of security issues in CR-WSN, especially in Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification (SSDF) attacks that enforces harmful effects on spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing. We adopt OR rule as four types of CRSN sensing protocolin greenhouses application by using Matlab and Netsim simulators. Our results show that the designing balanced wireless sensors and their sinks in greenhouses are very significant to decrease the energy, which is due to the traffic congestion in the sink range area. Furthermore, by applying OR rule has enhanced the energy consumption, and improved the sensors network lifetime compared to cognitive radio network.","PeriodicalId":58712,"journal":{"name":"无线传感网络(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44980780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thoraya Al Subhi, B. Arafeh, N. Alzeidi, K. Day, A. Touzene
This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main components, the multipath routing scheme and the grid-based void avoidance (GVA) mechanism for handling routing holes. The multipath routing scheme adopts node-disjoint routes from the source to the sink in order to enhance network reliability and load balancing. While the GVA mechanism handles the problem of holes in 3D virtual grid structure based on three techniques: Hole bypass, path diversion, and path backtracking. The performance evaluation of the VA-GMPR protocol was compared to a recently proposed grid-based routing protocol for UWSNs, called Energy-efficient Multipath Geographic Grid-based Routing (EMGGR). The results showed that the VA-GMPR protocol outperformed the EMGGR protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, and end-to end-delay. However, the results also showed that the VA-GMPR protocol exhibited higher energy consumption compared to EMGGR.
{"title":"A Void Avoidance Scheme for Grid-Based Multipath Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Thoraya Al Subhi, B. Arafeh, N. Alzeidi, K. Day, A. Touzene","doi":"10.4236/WSN.2018.107008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WSN.2018.107008","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main components, the multipath routing scheme and the grid-based void avoidance (GVA) mechanism for handling routing holes. The multipath routing scheme adopts node-disjoint routes from the source to the sink in order to enhance network reliability and load balancing. While the GVA mechanism handles the problem of holes in 3D virtual grid structure based on three techniques: Hole bypass, path diversion, and path backtracking. The performance evaluation of the VA-GMPR protocol was compared to a recently proposed grid-based routing protocol for UWSNs, called Energy-efficient Multipath Geographic Grid-based Routing (EMGGR). The results showed that the VA-GMPR protocol outperformed the EMGGR protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, and end-to end-delay. However, the results also showed that the VA-GMPR protocol exhibited higher energy consumption compared to EMGGR.","PeriodicalId":58712,"journal":{"name":"无线传感网络(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"131-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42065395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Delebarre, T. Pujolle, G. Cousin, A. Domon, J. Froux, J. Jourdan
This paper presents a new wireless system for the measurement of CO2 gas concentration for indoor and outdoor purposes based on low cost Non Dispersive Infrared sensors. The system has been implemented on a printed circuit board in order to obtain different aspects of the air pollution. Some experiments were achieved to evaluate the total system combined with an android application on a smartphone. Different tests were realized in a closed room nearly filled with students and also directly while driving on the road. Good results were obtained allowing a future use for air pollution mapping using numerous amounts of sensors inside vehicles.
{"title":"Wireless Low Cost CO2 Monitoring System Design and Evaluation Using Non Dispersive Infrared Sensor","authors":"C. Delebarre, T. Pujolle, G. Cousin, A. Domon, J. Froux, J. Jourdan","doi":"10.4236/WSN.2018.106007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WSN.2018.106007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new wireless system for the measurement of CO2 gas concentration for indoor and outdoor purposes based on low cost Non Dispersive Infrared sensors. The system has been implemented on a printed circuit board in order to obtain different aspects of the air pollution. Some experiments were achieved to evaluate the total system combined with an android application on a smartphone. Different tests were realized in a \u0000closed room nearly filled with students and also directly while driving on the road. Good results were obtained allowing a future use for air pollution mapping using numerous amounts of sensors inside vehicles.","PeriodicalId":58712,"journal":{"name":"无线传感网络(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41390101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid evolution of technology in the field of wireless telecommunications and micro components using MEMS technologies (Micro-electromechanical systems) has contributed to the expansion and rapid development of wireless sensor networks (WSN). This rapid development has contributed to the appearance of sensor and actuator networks (WSAN) or even to the Internet of Things with DL_IoT (Device Layer-Internet of Things). This rapid evolution of WSN is due to the enthusiasm generated by this last in industry and research. This new technology is used in several applications, particularly in the outdoor location of communicating nodes. The process of distance calculation between nodes (ranging) is a primordial phase for a precise location of these nodes. This paper presents the result of measurements do with three ranging protocols (TWR, TWR_Skew and SDS-TWR) implemented on DecaWiNo nodes. DecaWiNo nodes use the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radio links, proposed by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard amendment of the year 2007, which provides a high performance ranging by ToF (Time of Flight). The results are very promising with precision errors of the order of 50 cm over 20 meters.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Ranging Protocols for Localization by UWB in Outdoor","authors":"Salick Diagne, T. Val, A. K. Farota, B. Diop","doi":"10.4236/WSN.2018.105006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WSN.2018.105006","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid evolution of technology in the field of wireless telecommunications and micro components using MEMS technologies (Micro-electromechanical systems) has contributed to the expansion and rapid development of wireless sensor networks (WSN). This rapid development has contributed to the appearance of sensor and actuator networks (WSAN) or even to the Internet of Things with DL_IoT (Device Layer-Internet of Things). This rapid evolution of WSN is due to the enthusiasm generated by this last in industry and research. This new technology is used in several applications, particularly in the outdoor location of communicating nodes. The process of distance calculation between nodes (ranging) is a primordial phase for a precise location of these nodes. This paper presents the result of measurements do with three ranging protocols (TWR, TWR_Skew and SDS-TWR) implemented on DecaWiNo nodes. DecaWiNo nodes use the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radio links, proposed by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard amendment of the year 2007, which provides a high performance ranging by ToF (Time of Flight). The results are very promising with precision errors of the order of 50 cm over 20 meters.","PeriodicalId":58712,"journal":{"name":"无线传感网络(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"103-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46109364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Horton, Michael Bolt, Craig Prather, J. Manobianco, M. Adams
The need for higher spatial/temporal resolution in-situ atmospheric sensing has been established by both weather and climate researchers. In order to address this need, an airborne wireless sensor network called GlobalSense is currently being developed. GlobalSense is based on low-cost airborne probes that collect environmental data as they fall slowly through the atmosphere and on portable base stations that receive the data being collected. This paper presents an overview of this GlobalSense system as well as preliminary results from ground-based system testing.
{"title":"Airborne Sensor Network for Atmospheric Profiling","authors":"T. Horton, Michael Bolt, Craig Prather, J. Manobianco, M. Adams","doi":"10.4236/wsn.2018.104005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wsn.2018.104005","url":null,"abstract":"The need for higher spatial/temporal resolution in-situ atmospheric sensing has been established by both weather and climate researchers. In order to address this need, an airborne wireless sensor network called GlobalSense is currently being developed. GlobalSense is based on low-cost airborne probes that collect environmental data as they fall slowly through the atmosphere and on portable base stations that receive the data being collected. This paper presents an overview of this GlobalSense system as well as preliminary results from ground-based system testing.","PeriodicalId":58712,"journal":{"name":"无线传感网络(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41494085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current advances in connected sensor technologies for near real-time environmental monitoring are transforming the quality of information provision to land managers. This “Third Industrial Revolution” that connects digital sensor data analytics with adaptive services aims to transform data processing for timely decision support. The information is needed to improve irrigation scheduling, because global demand for food relies heavily on irrigation and global freshwater resources are diminishing. Previously, practitioners used visual indicators, infrequent measurements or predictive water balance models to estimate irrigation schedules. Visual indicators and infrequent measurements are approximate, and predictive models require many inputs so that likely cumulative errors cause inaccuracies in scheduling. In contrast, wireless sensor networks enable near real-time continuous measurement of soil moisture at targeted positions providing the site-specific information required for precision irrigation scheduling and efficient freshwater management. This paper describes and compares the structure, build and implementation of Crossbow, DigiMesh, and LoRa systems to deliver information on spatio-temporal soil water status and crop stress to practitioners over smart phones and webpages to improve management of irrigated land. Our study found that the newer LoRA system has advantages over the other systems, especially on flat land, with furthest node range of >10 km and advanced communication protocols that can penetrate dense vegetation. The mesh networking of the DigiMesh and Crossbow systems was preferred in hilly terrain to communicate around hills, and allows easy expansion of the network. The Crossbow system is simpler to install but presents difficulties for third party sensor integration. All systems allowed a step change in our ability to track dynamic changes in soil hydraulic properties and crop stress, to improve irrigation water use efficiency.
{"title":"Advances in Information Provision from Wireless Sensor Networks for Irrigated Crops","authors":"J. Ekanayake, C. Hedley","doi":"10.4236/WSN.2018.104004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WSN.2018.104004","url":null,"abstract":"Current advances in connected sensor technologies for near real-time environmental monitoring are transforming the quality of information provision to land managers. This “Third Industrial Revolution” that connects digital sensor data analytics with adaptive services aims to transform data processing for timely decision support. The information is needed to improve irrigation scheduling, because global demand for food relies heavily on irrigation and global freshwater resources are diminishing. Previously, practitioners used visual indicators, infrequent measurements or predictive water balance models to estimate irrigation schedules. Visual indicators and infrequent measurements are approximate, and predictive models require many inputs so that likely cumulative errors cause inaccuracies in scheduling. In contrast, wireless sensor networks enable near real-time continuous measurement of soil moisture at targeted positions providing the site-specific information required for precision irrigation scheduling and efficient freshwater management. This paper describes and compares the structure, build and implementation of Crossbow, DigiMesh, and LoRa systems to deliver information on spatio-temporal soil water status and crop stress to practitioners over smart phones and webpages to improve management of irrigated land. Our study found that the newer LoRA system has advantages over the other systems, especially on flat land, with furthest node range of >10 km and advanced communication protocols that can penetrate dense vegetation. The mesh networking of the DigiMesh and Crossbow systems was preferred in hilly terrain to communicate around hills, and allows easy expansion of the network. The Crossbow system is simpler to install but presents difficulties for third party sensor integration. All systems allowed a step change in our ability to track dynamic changes in soil hydraulic properties and crop stress, to improve irrigation water use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":58712,"journal":{"name":"无线传感网络(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"71-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emergence of environmental issues such as air pollution has greatly required the need for robust, cheap, operationally adaptable, and smart monitoring systems. The proposed work describes a study of how the household plants are helpful in purifying the environment. Air pollution monitoring system has been developed using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Sensor nodes and embedded system are used for monitoring air quality. The monitoring system consists of sensor nodes, base station and PC for data processing, storage, and presentation. Once data is collected at PC, it is then compiled and presented on web server.
{"title":"The Impact Study of Houseplants in Purification of Environment Using Wireless Sensor Network","authors":"Kalpana Rajendra R Kulkarni, M. Zambare","doi":"10.4236/WSN.2018.103003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WSN.2018.103003","url":null,"abstract":"Emergence of environmental issues such as air pollution has greatly required the need for robust, cheap, operationally adaptable, and smart monitoring systems. The proposed work describes a study of how the household plants are helpful in purifying the environment. Air pollution monitoring system has been developed using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Sensor nodes and embedded system are used for monitoring air quality. The monitoring system consists of sensor nodes, base station and PC for data processing, storage, and presentation. Once data is collected at PC, it is then compiled and presented on web server.","PeriodicalId":58712,"journal":{"name":"无线传感网络(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48806044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advancing technology has enabled the production of smaller, more energy efficient and cheaper electronic components. Therefore, previously existing many computer and electronics science-engineering ideas have become feasible. One of them is the technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which has become the realization of the necessary technical requirements applicable today with low energy consumption. First, the sensing tasks and the potential sensor networks applications have explored, and reviews of factors influencing the design of sensor networks have provided. Then, the communication architectures for sensor networks have been outlined. PIC-based microcontrollers have used in the design of the sensor nodes. The design of the sensor node has supported with ultra-low power nanowatt technology for very low-cost design. Processing, memory and wireless communication units have integrated on to the sensor nodes and sensors to be used in the designed system which have allowed to be connected to any kind of sensor node. The designed sensor node’s operating system has written with the PIC C language, and PIC operating system has allowed different features such as measuring humidity, temperature, light sensitive and smoke sensor. Computer software has developed for data that can be recorded and monitored from a central location. Decision-making unit has created in the software algorithm and hardware modules for the implementation of decisions taken by the developed sensor nodes. Developed PIC-based sensor nodes have supported a unique voltage unit with renewable energy sources such as solar panel, rechargeable battery, and supercapacitor for energy production and saving. The results of this study are expected to be helpful for the development of WSN especially with renewable energy sources.
{"title":"Investigation and Implementation Ultra-Low Power PIC-Based Sensor Node Network with Renewable Energy Source and Decision-Making Unit","authors":"Batur Alp Akgül, M. F. Hasoğlu, B. Haznedar","doi":"10.4236/WSN.2018.102002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WSN.2018.102002","url":null,"abstract":"Advancing technology has enabled the production of smaller, more energy efficient and cheaper electronic components. Therefore, previously existing many computer and electronics science-engineering ideas have become feasible. One of them is the technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which has become the realization of the necessary technical requirements applicable today with low energy consumption. First, the sensing tasks and the potential sensor networks applications have explored, and reviews of factors influencing the design of sensor networks have provided. Then, the communication architectures for sensor networks have been outlined. PIC-based microcontrollers have used in the design of the sensor nodes. The design of the sensor node has supported with ultra-low power nanowatt technology for very low-cost design. Processing, memory and wireless communication units have integrated on to the sensor nodes and sensors to be used in the designed system which have allowed to be connected to any kind of sensor node. The designed sensor node’s operating system has written with the PIC C language, and PIC operating system has allowed different features such as measuring humidity, temperature, light sensitive and smoke sensor. Computer software has developed for data that can be recorded and monitored from a central location. Decision-making unit has created in the software algorithm and hardware modules for the implementation of decisions taken by the developed sensor nodes. Developed PIC-based sensor nodes have supported a unique voltage unit with renewable energy sources such as solar panel, rechargeable battery, and supercapacitor for energy production and saving. The results of this study are expected to be helpful for the development of WSN especially with renewable energy sources.","PeriodicalId":58712,"journal":{"name":"无线传感网络(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"41-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45118754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. E. Duisterwinkel, Gijs Dubbelman, L. Demi, E. Talnishnikh, H. Wörtche, J. Bergmans
A novel type of application for the exploration of enclosed or otherwise difficult to access environments requires large quantities of miniaturized sensor nodes to perform measurements while they traverse the environment in a “go with the flow” approach. Examples of these are the exploration of underground cavities and the inspection of industrial pipelines or mixing tanks, all of which have in common that the environments are difficult to access and do not allow position determination using e.g. GPS or similar techniques. The sensor nodes need to be scaled down towards the millimetre range in order to physically fit through the narrowest of parts in the environments and should measure distances between each other in order to enable the reconstruction of their positions relative to each other in offline analysis. Reaching those levels of miniaturization and enabling reconstruction functionality requires: 1) novel reconstruction algorithms that can deal with the specific measurement limitations and imperfections of millimetre-sized nodes, and 2) improved understanding of the relation between the highly constraint hardware design space of the sensor nodes and the reconstruction algorithms. To this end, this work provides a novel and highly robust sensor swarm reconstruction algorithm and studies the effect of hardware design trade-offs on its performance. Our findings based on extensive simulations, which push the reconstruction algorithm to its breaking point, provide important guidelines for the future development of millimetre-sized sensor nodes.
{"title":"Robust reconstruction of sensor swarms floating through enclosed environments","authors":"E. E. Duisterwinkel, Gijs Dubbelman, L. Demi, E. Talnishnikh, H. Wörtche, J. Bergmans","doi":"10.4236/WSN.2018.101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WSN.2018.101001","url":null,"abstract":"A novel type of application for the exploration of enclosed or otherwise difficult to access environments requires large quantities of miniaturized sensor nodes to perform measurements while they traverse the environment in a “go with the flow” approach. Examples of these are the exploration of underground cavities and the inspection of industrial pipelines or mixing tanks, all of which have in common that the environments are difficult to access and do not allow position determination using e.g. GPS or similar techniques. The sensor nodes need to be scaled down towards the millimetre range in order to physically fit through the narrowest of parts in the environments and should measure distances between each other in order to enable the reconstruction of their positions relative to each other in offline analysis. Reaching those levels of miniaturization and enabling reconstruction functionality requires: 1) novel reconstruction algorithms that can deal with the specific measurement limitations and imperfections of millimetre-sized nodes, and 2) improved understanding of the relation between the highly constraint hardware design space of the sensor nodes and the reconstruction algorithms. To this end, this work provides a novel and highly robust sensor swarm reconstruction algorithm and studies the effect of hardware design trade-offs on its performance. Our findings based on extensive simulations, which push the reconstruction algorithm to its breaking point, provide important guidelines for the future development of millimetre-sized sensor nodes.","PeriodicalId":58712,"journal":{"name":"无线传感网络(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45144822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most important issues of wireless sensor networks is how to transfer information from the network nodes to a base station and choose the best possible path for this purpose. Choosing the best path can be based on different factors such as energy consumption, response time, delay, and data transfer accuracy. Increasing the network lifetime is the most challenging problem. One of the latest energy-aware routing methods is to use the harmony search algorithm in the small-scale sensor networks. The aim of this study is to introduce the harmony search algorithm as a successful metaheuristic algorithm for wireless sensor network routing in order to increase the lifetime of such networks. This study is intended to improve the objective function for energy efficiency in the harmony search algorithm to establish balance between the network energy consumption and path length control. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the initial energy of each node randomly from a certain range as the path energy consumption should be low to choose a path which can consider the residual energy. In other words, a path should be chosen to establish balance between the network energy consumption and the minimum residual energy. The simulation results indicate that the proposed objective function provides a longer lifetime by 26.12% compared with EEHSBR.
{"title":"Improved Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Harmony Search Algorithm","authors":"Khadije Rahimkhani, F. Forouzesh","doi":"10.4236/WSN.2017.99019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WSN.2017.99019","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important issues of wireless sensor networks is how to transfer information from the network nodes to a base station and choose the best possible path for this purpose. Choosing the best path can be based on different factors such as energy consumption, response time, delay, and data transfer accuracy. Increasing the network lifetime is the most challenging problem. One of the latest energy-aware routing methods is to use the harmony search algorithm in the small-scale sensor networks. The aim of this study is to introduce the harmony search algorithm as a successful metaheuristic algorithm for wireless sensor network routing in order to increase the lifetime of such networks. This study is intended to improve the objective function for energy efficiency in the harmony search algorithm to establish balance between the network energy consumption and path length control. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the initial energy of each node randomly from a certain range as the path energy consumption should be low to choose a path which can consider the residual energy. In other words, a path should be chosen to establish balance between the network energy consumption and the minimum residual energy. The simulation results indicate that the proposed objective function provides a longer lifetime by 26.12% compared with EEHSBR.","PeriodicalId":58712,"journal":{"name":"无线传感网络(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"333-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42854682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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