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Context Aware Wireless Sensor Network Suitable for Precision Agriculture 适用于精准农业的环境感知无线传感器网络
Pub Date : 2016-01-11 DOI: 10.4236/WSN.2016.81001
Nour Brinis, L. Saidane
Using the Wireless Sensor Networks WSNs in a wide variety of applications is currently considered one of the most challenging solutions. For instance, this technology has evolved the agriculture field, with the precision agriculture challenge. In fact, the cost of sensors and communication infrastructure continuously trend down as long as the technological advances. So, more growers dare to implement WSN for their crops. This technology has drawn substantial interests by improving agriculture productivity. The idea consists of deploying a number of sensors in a given agricultural parcel in order to monitor the land and crop conditions. These readings help the farmer to make the right inputs at the right moment. In this paper, we propose a complete solution for gathering different type of data from variable fields of a large agricultural parcel. In fact, with the in-field variability, adopting a unique data gathering solution for all kinds of fields reveals an inconvenient approach. Besides, as a fault-tolerant application, precision agriculture does not require a high precision value of sensed data. So, our approach deals with a context aware data gathering strategy. In other words, depending on a defined context for the monitored field, the data collector will decide the data gathering strategy to follow. We prove that this approach improves considerably the lifetime of the application.
在各种各样的应用中使用无线传感器网络是目前最具挑战性的解决方案之一。例如,这项技术已经发展了农业领域,面临着精准农业的挑战。事实上,随着技术的进步,传感器和通信基础设施的成本也在不断下降。因此,越来越多的种植者敢于为他们的作物实施无线传感器网络。这项技术通过提高农业生产力而引起了极大的兴趣。这个想法包括在一个给定的农业地块上部署许多传感器,以监测土地和作物状况。这些读数帮助农民在正确的时间做出正确的投入。在本文中,我们提出了一个完整的解决方案,以收集不同类型的数据从一个大型农业地块的可变田。事实上,由于油田内部的可变性,对各种油田采用一种独特的数据采集方案是一种不方便的方法。此外,精准农业作为一种容错应用,对传感数据的精度值要求并不高。因此,我们的方法涉及上下文感知数据收集策略。换句话说,根据所监视字段的定义上下文,数据收集器将决定要遵循的数据收集策略。我们证明这种方法大大提高了应用程序的生命周期。
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引用次数: 20
Enhancing Performance of Multi-Rate WLANs: Ant Colony Approach 提高多速率无线局域网性能的蚁群方法
Pub Date : 2015-12-07 DOI: 10.4236/WSN.2015.712014
Q. Ma, A. Al-Dhelaan, Mznah Al-Rodhaan
The trade-off between users’ fairness and network throughput may be unacceptable in a multi-rate 802.11 WLAN environment. In this paper, we will design a new intuitive simplified mathematical model called simplified coefficient of variation (SCV) to closely reflect our topic. Through controlling the power of Access Points, SCV can optimize and improve the performance. Since our topic is a NP-hard problem, we use Ant Colony Algorithm to solve our model in a practical scenario. The simulation shows excellent results indicating that our model is efficient and superior to an existing method. Also we use software SAS to further reveal the relationships among the three indicators to illustrate the essence of our approach and an existing algorithm.
在多速率802.11 WLAN环境中,用户公平性和网络吞吐量之间的权衡可能是不可接受的。在本文中,我们将设计一个新的直观简化的数学模型,称为简化变异系数(SCV),以密切反映我们的主题。SCV通过控制接入点的功率来优化和提高性能。由于我们的主题是NP-hard问题,我们使用蚁群算法在实际场景中解决我们的模型。仿真结果表明,该模型是有效的,优于现有的方法。此外,我们还利用SAS软件进一步揭示了三个指标之间的关系,以说明我们的方法和现有算法的本质。
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引用次数: 0
Congestion Control in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Bioluminescent Firefly Behavior 基于生物发光萤火虫行为的无线传感器网络拥塞控制
Pub Date : 2015-12-07 DOI: 10.4236/WSN.2015.712013
M. S. Manshahia, M. Dave, S. Singh
Congestion in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an issue of concern for several researchers in recent years. The key challenge is to develop an algorithmic rule which may realize the optimased route on the idea of parameters like residual energy, range of retransmissions and the distance between source and destination. The Firefly Algorithmic rule is implemented in this paper that relies on the attractiveness issue of the firefly insect to control congestion in WSN at transport layer. The results additionally show that the projected approach is best as compared to Congestion Detection and Avoidance (CODA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) on network lifetime and throughput of the network.
无线传感器网络中的拥塞问题是近年来许多研究者关注的问题。在剩余能量、重传距离、源到目的距离等参数的基础上,提出一种算法规则,实现最优路由。本文采用萤火虫算法规则,利用萤火虫的吸引力问题来控制无线传感器网络传输层的拥塞。结果还表明,与拥塞检测和避免(CODA)和粒子群优化(PSO)相比,投影方法在网络寿命和网络吞吐量方面是最好的。
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引用次数: 7
A Secure and Energy-Balanced Routing Scheme for Mobile Wireless Sensor Network 一种安全且能量均衡的移动无线传感器网络路由方案
Pub Date : 2015-11-11 DOI: 10.4236/WSN.2015.711012
Beishui Liu, Yuanming Wu
Mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) has the features of self-organization, multiple-hop and limited energy resources. It is vulnerable to a wide set of security attacks, including those targeting the routing protocol functionality. In this paper, the existing security problems and solutions in MWSN are summarized, and then a trust management system based on neighbor monitoring is proposed. In the trust management system, the trust value is calculated by the neighbor monitoring mechanism, and the direct trust value and the indirect trust value are combined to establish the distributed trust model to detect the malicious nodes. The consistency check algorithm is capable of defending against the attacks on the trust model. In addition, because of the limited energy of the sensor nodes, the energy-balanced algorithm is introduced to prolong the lifespan of MWSN. The residual energy and energy density are considered in the routing decision. Finally, the simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm can detect the malicious nodes effectively and achieve the energy-balanced goal to prolong the lifespan of MWSN.
移动无线传感器网络具有自组织、多跳和有限能量等特点。它很容易受到各种安全攻击,包括针对路由协议功能的攻击。本文总结了MWSN存在的安全问题及解决方案,在此基础上提出了一种基于邻居监控的信任管理系统。在信任管理系统中,通过邻居监控机制计算信任值,并结合直接信任值和间接信任值建立分布式信任模型,检测恶意节点。一致性检查算法能够防御对信任模型的攻击。此外,由于传感器节点能量有限,引入了能量平衡算法来延长MWSN的寿命。在路由决策中考虑了剩余能量和能量密度。最后,仿真实验表明,该算法能够有效地检测出恶意节点,达到了能量均衡的目标,延长了MWSN的寿命。
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引用次数: 12
Energy Efficient WSN-SAT System for Surveillance of Satellites 用于卫星监视的高能效WSN-SAT系统
Pub Date : 2015-10-12 DOI: 10.4236/WSN.2015.710011
Hafiz Bilal Khalil, N. Abas, S. Rauf
Satellite communication plays a vital role in the arena of telecommunication. The main objective of this manuscript is to examine the threats and problems like space debris, space weather and space weapons that could damage or disable the satellite system. In consequence, we discuss the role of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and nodes in space based technologies. The scope of this paper is to minimize the threats and vulnerabilities to the satellite systems and based on that, design the next generation and state of the art satellite communication system. We proposed the solutions for the vulnerabilities and surveillance of satellite system by integrating the energy efficient and cost effective WSN to the satellite system.
卫星通信在电信领域起着至关重要的作用。这份手稿的主要目的是研究可能破坏或禁用卫星系统的空间碎片、空间天气和空间武器等威胁和问题。因此,我们讨论了无线传感器网络(WSN)和节点在空间技术中的作用。本文的研究范围是最大限度地减少卫星系统面临的威胁和脆弱性,并在此基础上设计下一代最先进的卫星通信系统。通过将节能、低成本的无线传感器网络集成到卫星系统中,提出了解决卫星系统脆弱性和监控问题的方案。
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引用次数: 2
Survey on Routing in Pocket Switched Network 口袋交换网络中路由研究综述
Pub Date : 2015-09-30 DOI: 10.4236/WSN.2015.79010
R. R. Sarkar, Khadija Rasul, Amitabha Chakrabarty
Pocket switched Network (PSN) is an emerging research magnet that has been attracting researchers. This paper provides an introduction to PSN and covers some of its basic features and challenges. Continuous connectivity is difficult in infrastructure independent communication. In this paper, we will see how PSN provides an effective alternative. We also explain some routing protocols that can be incorporated for effective data forwarding. This paper also discusses possible applications and areas where PSN can be effectively used and some ideas that may foster future research in PSN routing.
口袋交换网络(Pocket switched Network, PSN)是一块新兴的研究磁石,一直吸引着众多研究人员。本文介绍了PSN,并介绍了它的一些基本特点和面临的挑战。在独立于基础设施的通信中,持续连接是一个难题。在本文中,我们将看到PSN如何提供一种有效的替代方案。我们还解释了一些可以用于有效数据转发的路由协议。本文还讨论了PSN可以有效利用的可能应用和领域,以及可能促进PSN路由未来研究的一些想法。
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引用次数: 7
Multiple Node Placement Strategy for Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks 无线传感器网络中高效路由的多节点布局策略
Pub Date : 2015-08-27 DOI: 10.4236/WSN.2015.78009
K. Y. Bendigeri, J. Mallapur
The advances in recent technology have lead to the development of wireless sensor nodes forming a wireless network, which over the years is used from military application to industry, household, medical etc. The deployment pattern of sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is always random for most of the applications. Such technique will lead to ineffective utilization of the network; for example fewer nodes are located at far distance and dense nodes are located at some reason and part of the region may be without the surveillance of any node, where the networks do consume additional energy or even may not transfer the data. The proposed work is intended to develop the optimized network by effective placement of nodes in circular and grid pattern, which we call as uniformity of nodes to be compared with random placement of nodes. Each of the nodes is in optimized positions at uniform distance with neighbors, followed by running a energy efficient routing algorithm that saves an additional energy further to provide connectivity management by connecting all the nodes. Simulation results are compared with the random placement of nodes, the residual energy of a network, lifetime of a network, energy consumption of a network shows a definite improvement for uniform network as that of with the random network.
近年来技术的进步导致无线传感器节点的发展,形成了一个无线网络,多年来从军事应用到工业,家庭,医疗等。无线传感器网络(WSN)中传感器节点的部署模式在大多数应用中都是随机的。这种技术会导致网络的无效利用;例如,较少的节点位于较远的位置,密集的节点位于某些原因,部分区域可能没有任何节点的监视,网络确实消耗额外的能量,甚至可能不传输数据。提出的工作旨在通过在圆形和网格模式中有效地放置节点来开发优化的网络,我们称之为节点的均匀性,以比较节点的随机放置。每个节点都处于与邻居的均匀距离的优化位置,然后运行节能路由算法,通过连接所有节点进一步节省额外的能量来提供连接管理。将仿真结果与节点的随机布局、网络的剩余能量、网络的寿命、网络的能耗进行了比较,结果表明均匀网络与随机网络相比有明显的改善。
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引用次数: 17
A Packet-Interleaving Scheme Using RS Code for Burst Errors in Wireless Sensor Networks 一种利用RS码处理无线传感器网络突发错误的分组交织方案
Pub Date : 2015-07-13 DOI: 10.4236/WSN.2015.77008
T. Sheu, Yen-Hsi Kuo, Zi-Tsan Chou
In this paper, we propose a packet-interleaving scheme (PIS) for increasing packet reliability under burst errors in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In a WSN, packet errors could occur due to weak signal strength or interference. These erroneous packets have to be retransmitted, which will increase network load substantially. The proposed PIS, encoding data using Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, can classify data into two different types: high-reliability-required (HRR) data and non-HRR data. An HRR packet is encoded with a short RS symbol, while a non-HRR packet with a long RS symbol. When an HRR and a non-HRR packet arrive at a sensor, they are interleaved on a symbol-by-symbol basis. Thus, the effect of burst errors (BE) is dispersed and consequently the uncorrectable HRR packets can be reduced. For the purpose of evaluation, two models, the uniform bit-error model (UBEM) and the on-off bit-error model (OBEM), are built to analyze the packet uncorrectable probability. In the evaluation, we first change the lengths of BE, then we vary the shift positions in a BE period, and finally we increase the number of correctable symbols to observe the superiority of the proposed PIS in reducing packet uncorrectable probability.
为了提高无线传感器网络(WSN)突发错误下的分组可靠性,提出了一种分组交织方案(PIS)。在无线传感器网络中,由于信号强度较弱或受到干扰,可能会出现数据包错误。这些错误的数据包必须重新传输,这将大大增加网络负载。提出的PIS使用Reed-Solomon (RS)编码数据,可以将数据分为两种不同的类型:高可靠性要求(HRR)数据和非HRR数据。HRR报文用短RS符号编码,而非HRR报文用长RS符号编码。当一个HRR包和一个非HRR包到达传感器时,它们会逐符号交错。这样可以分散突发错误(BE)的影响,从而减少不可纠正的HRR包。为了评估,建立了均匀误码模型(UBEM)和开关误码模型(OBEM)两种模型来分析数据包不可纠正的概率。在评估中,我们首先改变了BE的长度,然后改变了在一个BE周期内的移位位置,最后我们增加了可纠正符号的数量,以观察所提出的PIS在减少包不可纠正概率方面的优越性。
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引用次数: 3
A Novel Low-Complexity Low-Latency Power Efficient Collision Detection Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks 一种新的低复杂度、低延迟、高能效的无线传感器网络碰撞检测算法
Pub Date : 2015-06-29 DOI: 10.4236/WSN.2015.76006
Fawaz Alassery, Walid K. M. Ahmed, M. Sarraf, V. Lawrence
Collision detection mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have largely been revolving around direct demodulation and decoding of received packets and deciding on a collision based on some form of a frame error detection mechanism, such as a CRC check. The obvious drawback of full detection of a received packet is the need to expend a significant amount of energy and processing complexity in order to fully decode a packet, only to discover the packet is illegible due to a collision. In this paper, we propose a suite of novel, yet simple and power-efficient algorithms to detect a collision without the need for full-decoding of the received packet. Our novel algorithms aim at detecting collision through fast examination of the signal statistics of a short snippet of the received packet via a relatively small number of computations over a small number of received IQ samples. Hence, the proposed algorithms operate directly at the output of the receiver's analog-to-digital converter and eliminate the need to pass the signal through the entire. In addition, we present a complexity and power-saving comparison between our novel algorithms and conventional full-decoding (for select coding schemes) to demonstrate the significant power and complexity saving advantage of our algorithms.
无线传感器网络(wsn)中的冲突检测机制在很大程度上围绕着接收到的数据包的直接解调和解码,并基于某种形式的帧错误检测机制(如CRC检查)来决定是否发生冲突。对接收到的数据包进行完全检测的明显缺点是需要花费大量的能量和处理复杂性来完全解码数据包,结果却发现由于碰撞导致数据包难以辨认。在本文中,我们提出了一套新颖、简单且节能的算法来检测碰撞,而无需对接收到的数据包进行完全解码。我们的新算法旨在通过对少量接收到的IQ样本进行相对少量的计算,快速检查接收到的数据包一小段的信号统计信息,从而检测碰撞。因此,所提出的算法直接在接收器的模数转换器的输出处操作,并且消除了将信号通过整个模数转换器的需要。此外,我们还将我们的新算法与传统的全解码(用于选择编码方案)进行了复杂度和节能比较,以证明我们的算法具有显著的功耗和节能优势。
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引用次数: 2
A Free Market Economy Model for Resource Management in Wireless Sensor Networks 无线传感器网络资源管理的自由市场经济模型
Pub Date : 2015-06-29 DOI: 10.4236/WSN.2015.76007
Byeong-il Bae, Jun-Y. Park, Sunggu Lee
This paper presents a free market economy model that can be used to facilitate fully distributed autonomous control of resources in massive heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the future, it is expected that WSNs will exist as part of the global Internet of Things (IoT), and different WSNs can work together in a massive network of heterogeneous WSNs in order to solve common problems. Control of valuable processing, sensing and communication resources, determining which nodes will remain awake during specific time periods in order to provide sensing services, and determining which nodes will forward other nodes’ packets are difficult problems that must be dealt with. It is proposed that just as the free market economy model enables the global human society to function reasonably well when individuals simply attempt to trade money and services in order to maximize their individual profits, and a similar model and mechanism should enable a massive network of heterogeneous WSNs to function well in a fully distributed autonomous manner. The main contributions of this paper are the introduction of the free market economy model for use with WSNs, the formal definition of a maximum profit price problem for multihop packet relaying, and the proposal of a distributed genetic algorithm for the solution of the maximum profit price problem. Simulation results show that the proposed distributed solution produces results that are 70% - 80% similar to a pareto optimal solution for this problem.
本文提出了一种自由市场经济模型,可用于实现大规模异构无线传感器网络(WSNs)中资源的完全分布式自治控制。在未来,预计wsn将作为全球物联网(IoT)的一部分存在,不同的wsn可以在异构wsn的庞大网络中协同工作,以解决共同的问题。控制有价值的处理、感知和通信资源,确定哪些节点在特定时间段保持清醒以提供感知服务,以及确定哪些节点转发其他节点的数据包是必须解决的难题。本文提出,正如自由市场经济模式使全球人类社会在个人仅仅试图交易货币和服务以最大化其个人利润时能够合理地运行一样,类似的模型和机制应该使异构wsn的大规模网络能够以完全分布式的自主方式良好运行。本文的主要贡献是引入了用于无线传感器网络的自由市场经济模型,正式定义了多跳分组中继的最大利润价格问题,并提出了求解最大利润价格问题的分布式遗传算法。仿真结果表明,所提出的分布式解决方案与该问题的帕累托最优解决方案的相似度为70% ~ 80%。
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引用次数: 5
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