Kouassi Francesco Adingra, S. Coulibaly, Kacou Alain, M. Ouattara, D. Sissouma
{"title":"Synthesis and Anticandidosic Activities of Some 3-Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridinyl-1-Arylpropenone Derivatives","authors":"Kouassi Francesco Adingra, S. Coulibaly, Kacou Alain, M. Ouattara, D. Sissouma","doi":"10.4236/abc.2022.124008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2022.124008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70476048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luana Cristina da Silva Ramos, A. H. F. Torres, Letícia Damas Leão Dalcin, K. P. G. Silva, Luana Gabriela Silva de Freitas, Mahmi Fujimori, D. L. Fagundes, E. L. França, A. França
{"title":"Superoxide Anion Release by Human Blood Phagocytes Can Increase the Microbicidal Activity Induced by a New Microemulsioned System Containing Cotton Oil","authors":"Luana Cristina da Silva Ramos, A. H. F. Torres, Letícia Damas Leão Dalcin, K. P. G. Silva, Luana Gabriela Silva de Freitas, Mahmi Fujimori, D. L. Fagundes, E. L. França, A. França","doi":"10.4236/abc.2022.126018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2022.126018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70475890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mbaiogaou, S. Mbaihougadobe, S. M. Betoloum, A. Hema, E. Palé, Samaté Dorosso Abdoul
{"title":"Quantification of Tannins in Four Species of Genus <i>Mucna</i> Seeds","authors":"A. Mbaiogaou, S. Mbaihougadobe, S. M. Betoloum, A. Hema, E. Palé, Samaté Dorosso Abdoul","doi":"10.4236/abc.2022.124007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2022.124007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70476033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insects in the Order Odonata are highly subject to infection by gregarine parasites. However, despite the important ecological roles that insects play in every ecosystem in which they exist, little research has been devoted to the description of insect immunity. Insects rely heavily on the rapid actions of innate immune mechanisms to prevent infection. We characterized the melanization response in the hemolymph of green darner dragonfly (Anax junius) nymphs. Incubation of chymotrypsin-activated hemolymph with L-DOPA resulted in volume- and time-dependent production of dopaquinone via the phenoloxidase (PO) enzyme, with biphasic accumulation of product. The PO activity was temperature-dependent, with a stepwise increase from 20˚C 35˚C and maximum activity measured at 35˚C - 40˚C. The formation of product was also inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by diethyl-carbonate, a specific inhibitor of PO activity, which indicated that the observed activity was due to the presence of PO enzyme. The rate of formation and quantity of melanin was dependent on exposure to different titers of bacteria. This is the first characterization of both PO activity and melanization response in green darner dragonflies.
{"title":"Phenoloxidase and Melanization Innate Immune Activities in Green Darner Dragonfly Nymphs (<i>Anax junius</i>)","authors":"Mark Merchant, M. Mcclure","doi":"10.4236/abc.2022.124011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2022.124011","url":null,"abstract":"Insects in the Order Odonata are highly subject to infection by gregarine parasites. However, despite the important ecological roles that insects play in every ecosystem in which they exist, little research has been devoted to the description of insect immunity. Insects rely heavily on the rapid actions of innate immune mechanisms to prevent infection. We characterized the melanization response in the hemolymph of green darner dragonfly (Anax junius) nymphs. Incubation of chymotrypsin-activated hemolymph with L-DOPA resulted in volume- and time-dependent production of dopaquinone via the phenoloxidase (PO) enzyme, with biphasic accumulation of product. The PO activity was temperature-dependent, with a stepwise increase from 20˚C 35˚C and maximum activity measured at 35˚C - 40˚C. The formation of product was also inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by diethyl-carbonate, a specific inhibitor of PO activity, which indicated that the observed activity was due to the presence of PO enzyme. The rate of formation and quantity of melanin was dependent on exposure to different titers of bacteria. This is the first characterization of both PO activity and melanization response in green darner dragonflies.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70475645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The safety of beta-glucans, including undenatured beta-glucan (UDBG), has been exhaustively studied over the recent past and has shown to be safe and efficacious in rodents as well as in humans with less than optimal immune systems. As such, we sought to find the effect of UDBG on certainly stressed crustaceans and fish. The survival of shrimp larvae fed the UDBG and other diets was measured on day 16. The diet containing 11.7% UDBG reduced larvae mortality by 18%; which is almost twice as much as the mortality reduced by the MacroGard diet, and up to 19.5% less than a standard Commercial Diet. In an effort to understand how UDBG protects against stressed marine life, UDBG was given to LPS-challenged trout. The UDBG positively influenced the level of transcription of several genes relevant to the immune system and overall health of the trout. The experimental findings indicated that UDBG: 1) modifies inflammatory responses, 2) makes responses more flexible and ver-satile, 3) protects from cellular stress, and 4) enhances “effector” mechanisms. Importantly, there was no evidence of immune system over-activity.
{"title":"The Positive Effects of Proprietary Undenatured <i>β</i>-Glucans on Stressed Marine Life","authors":"B. Kristiansen, R. Amen","doi":"10.4236/abc.2022.125013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2022.125013","url":null,"abstract":"The safety of beta-glucans, including undenatured beta-glucan (UDBG), has been exhaustively studied over the recent past and has shown to be safe and efficacious in rodents as well as in humans with less than optimal immune systems. As such, we sought to find the effect of UDBG on certainly stressed crustaceans and fish. The survival of shrimp larvae fed the UDBG and other diets was measured on day 16. The diet containing 11.7% UDBG reduced larvae mortality by 18%; which is almost twice as much as the mortality reduced by the MacroGard diet, and up to 19.5% less than a standard Commercial Diet. In an effort to understand how UDBG protects against stressed marine life, UDBG was given to LPS-challenged trout. The UDBG positively influenced the level of transcription of several genes relevant to the immune system and overall health of the trout. The experimental findings indicated that UDBG: 1) modifies inflammatory responses, 2) makes responses more flexible and ver-satile, 3) protects from cellular stress, and 4) enhances “effector” mechanisms. Importantly, there was no evidence of immune system over-activity.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70475692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After proving safety in animal and human models, a series of clinical trials were conducted to examine the administration of 1 mg/mL bid of an undenatured beta-glucan on the immune system; and on self-perceived effects on subjects’ quality of life (QoL) using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In one study, a subject population that was self-perceived to be fatigued was administered an undetaured beta-glucan, to determine if this supplementation affected their quality-of-life as a result of an increased immune system response. 44 subjects were administered 1 mg/mL bid of the undenatured be-ta-glucan (Lentinex ® ) for four weeks. Prior to the beginning of the administration, and following the four-week administration period, the subjects were asked to fill out a quality-of-life VAS questionnaire. The changes in the two questionnaires revealed differences that occurred as a result of the beta-glucan administration. More than 75% of the subjects scored “better” (more than 1 cm on the VAS) with regard to feeling in a good mood, and feeling rested. More than 60% increased their energy and reduced their tiredness and exhaustion, and 70% felt less stressed. In a second study, subjects aged 40 years and older, believed to be in good general health, seeking therapy for tired-ness/exhaustion/fatigue or similar conditions (neurasthenia) which were administered 1 mg/mL bid Lentinex ® . The overall results indicated that the subjects felt significantly better (mean VAS = 5.91) after the not functioning at optimal levels.
{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of a Proprietary Undenatured Beta-Glucan on Different Human Populations","authors":"B. Kristiansen, R. Amen","doi":"10.4236/abc.2022.121002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2022.121002","url":null,"abstract":"After proving safety in animal and human models, a series of clinical trials were conducted to examine the administration of 1 mg/mL bid of an undenatured beta-glucan on the immune system; and on self-perceived effects on subjects’ quality of life (QoL) using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In one study, a subject population that was self-perceived to be fatigued was administered an undetaured beta-glucan, to determine if this supplementation affected their quality-of-life as a result of an increased immune system response. 44 subjects were administered 1 mg/mL bid of the undenatured be-ta-glucan (Lentinex ® ) for four weeks. Prior to the beginning of the administration, and following the four-week administration period, the subjects were asked to fill out a quality-of-life VAS questionnaire. The changes in the two questionnaires revealed differences that occurred as a result of the beta-glucan administration. More than 75% of the subjects scored “better” (more than 1 cm on the VAS) with regard to feeling in a good mood, and feeling rested. More than 60% increased their energy and reduced their tiredness and exhaustion, and 70% felt less stressed. In a second study, subjects aged 40 years and older, believed to be in good general health, seeking therapy for tired-ness/exhaustion/fatigue or similar conditions (neurasthenia) which were administered 1 mg/mL bid Lentinex ® . The overall results indicated that the subjects felt significantly better (mean VAS = 5.91) after the not functioning at optimal levels.","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70475941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pesticide-Induced Alterations of Esterase and Antioxidant Enzymes of Aquatic Organisms <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i> and <i>Xenopus laevis</i>","authors":"Ronald Ndlovu, N. Basopo","doi":"10.4236/abc.2022.126023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2022.126023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70476017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Photoactivated Hypericin on Growth and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Hospital-Related <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Enterococcus sp.</i> Clinical Strains","authors":"M. Nagyová, L. Siegfried, D. Jancura, Z. Nadova","doi":"10.4236/abc.2022.124010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2022.124010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":59114,"journal":{"name":"生物化学进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70476099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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