Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106499
P. Conderelli, S. George
Parametric characterization of nitric oxide (NO) gas exchange using a two-compartment model of the lungs is a potentially promising, non-invasive technique to characterize inflammatory lung diseases. Currently, this technique is limited to single breath maneuvers, including pre-expiratory breath-hold, which is cumbersome for children and individuals with compromised lung function. The current study extends the two-compartment model to parametric characterization of NO gas exchange from tidal breathing data. We assess the potential to estimate up to six flow-independent parameters, and study alternate breathing patterns by varying breathing frequency and inspiratory/expiratory flow rate ratio at constant alveolar ventilation rate. We identify three, easily characterized flow-independent parameters, which include maximum airway flux, steady state alveolar concentration, and airway volume (uncertainty <10%). Rapid inhalation followed by slow (long duration) exhalation facilitates estimates of all flow-independent parameters. Our results demonstrate the potential of parametric analysis of tidal breathing data to characterize NO pulmonary exchange.
{"title":"Characterizing nitric oxide exchange dynamics during tidal breathing: theory","authors":"P. Conderelli, S. George","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106499","url":null,"abstract":"Parametric characterization of nitric oxide (NO) gas exchange using a two-compartment model of the lungs is a potentially promising, non-invasive technique to characterize inflammatory lung diseases. Currently, this technique is limited to single breath maneuvers, including pre-expiratory breath-hold, which is cumbersome for children and individuals with compromised lung function. The current study extends the two-compartment model to parametric characterization of NO gas exchange from tidal breathing data. We assess the potential to estimate up to six flow-independent parameters, and study alternate breathing patterns by varying breathing frequency and inspiratory/expiratory flow rate ratio at constant alveolar ventilation rate. We identify three, easily characterized flow-independent parameters, which include maximum airway flux, steady state alveolar concentration, and airway volume (uncertainty <10%). Rapid inhalation followed by slow (long duration) exhalation facilitates estimates of all flow-independent parameters. Our results demonstrate the potential of parametric analysis of tidal breathing data to characterize NO pulmonary exchange.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91482616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106487
D. Tschumperlin, J. Drazen
Bronchospasm is a frequent occurrence in the airways of asthmatics, and subjects the bronchial epithelium to compressive stress. We show here that compressive stresses similar to those occurring in vivo trigger human bronchial epithelial cells to release endothelin (ET) and transforming growth factor-/spl beta/2 (TGF-/spl beta/2). Compressive stress leads to an increase in the steady state level of mRNA for both ET-1 and ET-2, and to the release of TGF-/spl beta/2 from a pre-formed, cell-associated pool. We also show that ET-2 and TGF-/spl beta/2 stimulate fibrotic protein synthesis by human lung fibroblasts, and act synergistically in combination. Our results demonstrate that compressive stress elicits selective release of fibrotic mediators from bronchial epithelium, indicating that bronchospasm may contribute to the subepithelial fibrosis and airways remodeling that characterize asthma.
{"title":"Feeling the squeeze: does airway constriction stimulate the bronchial epithelium?","authors":"D. Tschumperlin, J. Drazen","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106487","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchospasm is a frequent occurrence in the airways of asthmatics, and subjects the bronchial epithelium to compressive stress. We show here that compressive stresses similar to those occurring in vivo trigger human bronchial epithelial cells to release endothelin (ET) and transforming growth factor-/spl beta/2 (TGF-/spl beta/2). Compressive stress leads to an increase in the steady state level of mRNA for both ET-1 and ET-2, and to the release of TGF-/spl beta/2 from a pre-formed, cell-associated pool. We also show that ET-2 and TGF-/spl beta/2 stimulate fibrotic protein synthesis by human lung fibroblasts, and act synergistically in combination. Our results demonstrate that compressive stress elicits selective release of fibrotic mediators from bronchial epithelium, indicating that bronchospasm may contribute to the subepithelial fibrosis and airways remodeling that characterize asthma.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88516803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1134433
Bor-Shyh Lin, Bor-Shing Lin, Wan-Chi Lee, F. Chong, Yue-Der Lin
Power-line interference is a common phenomenom in low-frequency biophysical measurement. The usual way of solving this is the use of a fixed bandwidth in an analog or digital notch filter. However, these methods are not very suitable when the power-line interference frequency is non-stationary. In this paper, an effective adaptive filter (ADF) structure is proposed to minimize the residual power-line interference without loss of reality. In order to obtain a satisfactory and acceptable convergence performance, the Walsh-Hadamard (WHT) transform is used in the ADF. Throughout many clinical measurements, the result of this structure is effective in eliminating EMI/EMC interference. However, to overcome the continuous changing frequency of power-line interference and to obtain a better convergence rate, a transform domain adaptive filter (TDADF) is used. An ECG result is shown after removing the power-line interference and its FFT.
{"title":"Removing residual power-line interference using WHT adaptive filter","authors":"Bor-Shyh Lin, Bor-Shing Lin, Wan-Chi Lee, F. Chong, Yue-Der Lin","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1134433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1134433","url":null,"abstract":"Power-line interference is a common phenomenom in low-frequency biophysical measurement. The usual way of solving this is the use of a fixed bandwidth in an analog or digital notch filter. However, these methods are not very suitable when the power-line interference frequency is non-stationary. In this paper, an effective adaptive filter (ADF) structure is proposed to minimize the residual power-line interference without loss of reality. In order to obtain a satisfactory and acceptable convergence performance, the Walsh-Hadamard (WHT) transform is used in the ADF. Throughout many clinical measurements, the result of this structure is effective in eliminating EMI/EMC interference. However, to overcome the continuous changing frequency of power-line interference and to obtain a better convergence rate, a transform domain adaptive filter (TDADF) is used. An ECG result is shown after removing the power-line interference and its FFT.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87406293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106238
E. Jackson
Functional MRI (fMRI), in a broad sense, has many applications in oncology. In terms of functional task activation imaging, common applications are in image-guided surgical resections of lesions, and applications to non-surgical approaches, such as stereotactic radiation therapy, are currently being evaluated. In terms of functional imaging assessment of the microvascular environment, applications include improved non-invasive characterization of lesions and the ability to quantitatively assess the effects of novel therapeutic regimens on lesions and surrounding normal tissues. Other functional MR applications, such as MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging techniques, also have found applications in oncology. In this symposium session, current clinical and translational research applications of fMRI in oncology will be briefly reviewed.
{"title":"Oncologic applications of functional MRI","authors":"E. Jackson","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106238","url":null,"abstract":"Functional MRI (fMRI), in a broad sense, has many applications in oncology. In terms of functional task activation imaging, common applications are in image-guided surgical resections of lesions, and applications to non-surgical approaches, such as stereotactic radiation therapy, are currently being evaluated. In terms of functional imaging assessment of the microvascular environment, applications include improved non-invasive characterization of lesions and the ability to quantitatively assess the effects of novel therapeutic regimens on lesions and surrounding normal tissues. Other functional MR applications, such as MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging techniques, also have found applications in oncology. In this symposium session, current clinical and translational research applications of fMRI in oncology will be briefly reviewed.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90702702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053299
S. Jacques, J. Ramella-Roman, K. Lee
Pathology in skin often occurs in the superficial layers of the epidermis and invades the papillary dermis. Imaging with linearly polarized light allows selection of photons that have reflected from these superficial tissue layers and rejection of photons that have penetrated deeply into the reticular dermis. Consequently, the image contrast is concentrated in the superficial tissue layers where pathology arises and invasion occurs.
{"title":"Imaging skin with polarized light","authors":"S. Jacques, J. Ramella-Roman, K. Lee","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053299","url":null,"abstract":"Pathology in skin often occurs in the superficial layers of the epidermis and invades the papillary dermis. Imaging with linearly polarized light allows selection of photons that have reflected from these superficial tissue layers and rejection of photons that have penetrated deeply into the reticular dermis. Consequently, the image contrast is concentrated in the superficial tissue layers where pathology arises and invasion occurs.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89423923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053386
H. Lim, S. Holmes, W. McKay, K. Cho, A. Williams, E. Protas, A. Sherwood
Ten subjects diagnosed with a spinal cord injury participated in gait training. Six patients were ASIA C and four were ASIA D. Nine were trained using supported treadmill ambulation training (STAT), while one was trained conventionally. Each was trained for twenty minutes, five days per week for three months. Before training, patient motor control patterns were evaluated bilaterally from five major sites on a lower limb using a protocol named Brain Motor Control Assessment (BMCA). To make a simple comparison, only TA and TS muscle activation ratios during unilateral dorsiflexion of each side was compared in this paper. Results were compared with gait speed test results.
{"title":"Motor control changes after three months gait training in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury","authors":"H. Lim, S. Holmes, W. McKay, K. Cho, A. Williams, E. Protas, A. Sherwood","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053386","url":null,"abstract":"Ten subjects diagnosed with a spinal cord injury participated in gait training. Six patients were ASIA C and four were ASIA D. Nine were trained using supported treadmill ambulation training (STAT), while one was trained conventionally. Each was trained for twenty minutes, five days per week for three months. Before training, patient motor control patterns were evaluated bilaterally from five major sites on a lower limb using a protocol named Brain Motor Control Assessment (BMCA). To make a simple comparison, only TA and TS muscle activation ratios during unilateral dorsiflexion of each side was compared in this paper. Results were compared with gait speed test results.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75011762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053371
Li-Qun Zhang, S.G. Chung, A.F. Lin, E.M. van Rey, Z. Bai, T. Grant, E. Roth
A portable stretching device with intelligent control was developed to treat the spastic/contractured ankle of neurologically impaired patients and evaluate the outcome. The device stretched the ankle throughout the range of motion (ROM) to extreme dorsiflexion and plantar flexion until a specified peak resistance torque was reached with the stretching velocity controlled based on the resistance torque. Stretching velocity was adjusted constantly. It was slow at the joint extreme positions, making it possible to reach a larger ROM safely, and it was fast in the middle ROM so the majority of the treatment was spent in stretching the problematic extreme ROM. The ankle was held at the extreme position for a period of time to let stress relaxation occur before it was rotated back to the other extreme position. Furthermore, the device evaluated treatment outcome quantitatively in multiple aspects, including active and passive ROM, joint stiffness and viscous damping, and reflex excitability. Combined with ultrasonography, the device was used to evaluate changes in mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon-aponeurosis induced by the stretching. The intelligent stretching reduced spasticity and contracture, including increases passive and active ROMs, decreases in elastic stiffness and viscous damping, and increase in muscle force-generating capacity.
{"title":"A portable intelligent stretching device for treating spasticity and contracture with outcome evaluation","authors":"Li-Qun Zhang, S.G. Chung, A.F. Lin, E.M. van Rey, Z. Bai, T. Grant, E. Roth","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053371","url":null,"abstract":"A portable stretching device with intelligent control was developed to treat the spastic/contractured ankle of neurologically impaired patients and evaluate the outcome. The device stretched the ankle throughout the range of motion (ROM) to extreme dorsiflexion and plantar flexion until a specified peak resistance torque was reached with the stretching velocity controlled based on the resistance torque. Stretching velocity was adjusted constantly. It was slow at the joint extreme positions, making it possible to reach a larger ROM safely, and it was fast in the middle ROM so the majority of the treatment was spent in stretching the problematic extreme ROM. The ankle was held at the extreme position for a period of time to let stress relaxation occur before it was rotated back to the other extreme position. Furthermore, the device evaluated treatment outcome quantitatively in multiple aspects, including active and passive ROM, joint stiffness and viscous damping, and reflex excitability. Combined with ultrasonography, the device was used to evaluate changes in mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon-aponeurosis induced by the stretching. The intelligent stretching reduced spasticity and contracture, including increases passive and active ROMs, decreases in elastic stiffness and viscous damping, and increase in muscle force-generating capacity.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77943368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053056
M. Veen, S. Finkelstein, S. Speedie, J. Lundgren
Home health care is facing many challenges as it attempts to provide high quality care for a growing population within a limited budget. We used telemedicine in home care to show that low-cost, standards-based videoconferencing and Internet access can provide home care without compromising outcome, quality of care and patient satisfaction. This study showed that fewer patients were discharged to a hospital or a nursing home when they had received telehome care. In addition, study patients using home monitoring equipment were more satisfied with the health care they received.
{"title":"Patient satisfaction with TeleHomeCare","authors":"M. Veen, S. Finkelstein, S. Speedie, J. Lundgren","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053056","url":null,"abstract":"Home health care is facing many challenges as it attempts to provide high quality care for a growing population within a limited budget. We used telemedicine in home care to show that low-cost, standards-based videoconferencing and Internet access can provide home care without compromising outcome, quality of care and patient satisfaction. This study showed that fewer patients were discharged to a hospital or a nursing home when they had received telehome care. In addition, study patients using home monitoring equipment were more satisfied with the health care they received.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75731064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053340
M.S. Damser, M. Parikh, M. Rasmussen, L. Brubaker, R. Evenhouse, C. Salomon, K. Sakamoto, Z. Ai
The anatomy of the pelvic floor is complex and difficult to visualize. Thus, a virtual reality (VR) model could be useful both for teaching and research. The aim of this project was to develop a static three-dimensional (3-D) VR model of the normal female pelvic floor. An asymptomatic nulliparous twenty-three year old female with no urinary incontinence symptoms underwent a high resolution pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Manual segmentation of selected pelvic floor structures were performed. 3-D models were then created and edited. The completed models were displayed on an ImmersaDesk VR system. Stereovision glasses were used to enhance the model while a receiver tracked head position. The VR models accurately displayed the anatomy of the female pelvic floor. A 3-D VR model of the female pelvic floor could be used to enhance our understanding of anatomy and physiology of this complex part of the body. It could be used as a tool for both teaching and research, promoting improved treatment of pelvic floor pathologies.
{"title":"Development of a virtual reality model of the normal female pelvic floor","authors":"M.S. Damser, M. Parikh, M. Rasmussen, L. Brubaker, R. Evenhouse, C. Salomon, K. Sakamoto, Z. Ai","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053340","url":null,"abstract":"The anatomy of the pelvic floor is complex and difficult to visualize. Thus, a virtual reality (VR) model could be useful both for teaching and research. The aim of this project was to develop a static three-dimensional (3-D) VR model of the normal female pelvic floor. An asymptomatic nulliparous twenty-three year old female with no urinary incontinence symptoms underwent a high resolution pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Manual segmentation of selected pelvic floor structures were performed. 3-D models were then created and edited. The completed models were displayed on an ImmersaDesk VR system. Stereovision glasses were used to enhance the model while a receiver tracked head position. The VR models accurately displayed the anatomy of the female pelvic floor. A 3-D VR model of the female pelvic floor could be used to enhance our understanding of anatomy and physiology of this complex part of the body. It could be used as a tool for both teaching and research, promoting improved treatment of pelvic floor pathologies.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74586824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106579
D. Huh, A. Tkaczyk, Hsien-Hung Wei, J. Grotberg, S. Takayama
Reports experimental studies on air-liquid two-phase stratified flows in polymeric microfluidic channels for volume-efficient and cost-effective flow cytometry. Different flow behaviors of liquid core streams sheathed by air flows were investigated by varying surface chemistry and geometry of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) channels. Fluorescent beads and myoblast cells carried by stable liquid flows were analyzed by a digital photo-multiplier tube (PMT)-based optical detection system to analyze the number of particles in a sample.
{"title":"Towards portable flow cytometry: study on the use of air-sheath-based volume-efficient two-phase microfluidic systems","authors":"D. Huh, A. Tkaczyk, Hsien-Hung Wei, J. Grotberg, S. Takayama","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1106579","url":null,"abstract":"Reports experimental studies on air-liquid two-phase stratified flows in polymeric microfluidic channels for volume-efficient and cost-effective flow cytometry. Different flow behaviors of liquid core streams sheathed by air flows were investigated by varying surface chemistry and geometry of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) channels. Fluorescent beads and myoblast cells carried by stable liquid flows were analyzed by a digital photo-multiplier tube (PMT)-based optical detection system to analyze the number of particles in a sample.","PeriodicalId":60385,"journal":{"name":"中国地球物理学会年刊","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72600206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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