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The influence of roll angles on unsteady aerodynamics in a canard-configured missile 滚转角对鸭嘴型导弹不稳定空气动力学的影响
IF 3.4 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12104
Kai Wei, Shaosong Chen, Dongdong Tang, Yihang Xu, Xujian Lyu, Qing Chen

During the initial stage of vertical launch, a missile may exhibit an uncertain roll angle (φ) and a high angle of attack (α). This study focuses on examining the impact of roll angle variations on the flow field and the unsteady aerodynamics of a canard-configured missile at α = 75°. Simulations were performed using the validated k-ω SST turbulence model. The analysis encompasses the temporal development of vortices, the oscillatory characteristics of the lateral force, and the fluctuation of kinetic energy distribution within the framework of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The results indicate that the flow field surrounding the canard-configured missile is characterized by inconsistent shedding cycles of Kármán-like and canard-separated vortices. A distinct transition zone is identified between these vortices, where vortex tearing and reconnection phenomena occur. With increasing roll angles from 0° to 45°, there is an observed shift in the dominant frequency of the lateral force from the higher frequency associated with Kármán-like vortex shedding to the lower frequency of canard vortex shedding. The shedding frequency of Kármán-like vortices corresponds to the harmonics of the canard vortex shedding frequency, indicative of a higher-order harmonic resonance. The frequency of the lateral force is observed to decrease with an increase in roll angle, except in configurations lacking distinct canard-separated vortices, which are characterized by a “+” shape. The POD analysis reveals that the majority of the fluctuation energy is concentrated in the oscillations and shedding of the canard-separated vortices, leading to pressure fluctuations that are primarily observed on the canard and the downstream region of the canard.

在垂直发射的初始阶段,导弹可能表现出不确定的滚转角(φ)和较高的攻角(α)。本研究的重点是研究在 α = 75° 条件下,滚转角变化对流场和鸭式布局导弹的非稳定空气动力学的影响。模拟使用了经过验证的 k-ω SST 湍流模型。分析包括涡流的时间发展、侧向力的振荡特征以及适当正交分解(POD)框架内动能分布的波动。结果表明,卡门式涡旋和卡门分离式涡旋的脱落周期不一致,是卡门式导弹周围流场的特点。在这些涡旋之间发现了一个明显的过渡区,涡旋撕裂和重新连接现象就发生在这里。随着滚转角从 0°增加到 45°,观察到横向力的主导频率从与卡曼类涡旋脱落相关的较高频率转移到与鸭翼涡旋脱落相关的较低频率。卡曼类涡旋的脱落频率与鸭翼涡旋脱落频率的谐波相对应,表明存在高阶谐波共振。侧向力的频率随着滚转角的增大而减小,但缺乏明显的鸭翼分离涡的配置除外,这种配置的特点是呈 "+"形。POD 分析表明,大部分波动能量集中在鸭翼分离涡的振荡和脱落上,从而导致压力波动,这种波动主要出现在鸭翼和鸭翼下游区域。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical simulation of the coupled dynamics model of the projectile engraving process 弹丸雕刻过程耦合动力学模型的数值模拟
IF 3.4 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12103
Shujun Zhang, Xiaoting Rui, Hailong Yu, Xiaoli Dong

The projectile engraving process directly influences the projectile motion in-bore and impacts the firing accuracy, firing safety, and barrel life of the gun. For this reason, attention has been focused on this research topic. To address the limitations of the “instantaneous engraving” hypothesis adopted in the classical interior ballistic theory, the VUAMP user subroutine, one of ABAQUS's secondary development interfaces, is utilized in this paper to realize the modeling and numerical simulation of a coupled dynamics model of the projectile engraving process. In addition to facilitating engineering applications, a polynomial fitting formula of the engraving resistance obtained by simulation is proposed and then used as a supplement to establish a closed and solvable interior ballistic model considering the projectile engraving process. By comparing with test data, the simulation accuracy of the coupled dynamics model is verified. Simulation results reveal that the engraving process takes 3.8 ms, accounting for 26% of the whole launch process, which takes 14.6 ms, demonstrating that the process is not instantaneous. The results of this paper can serve as a reference for future studies on the coupled solution of the projectile engraving process and interior ballistics of guns or gun-like equipment.

弹丸雕刻工艺直接影响弹丸在枪膛内的运动,并对枪支的射击精度、射击安全性和枪管寿命产生影响。因此,这一研究课题一直备受关注。针对经典内弹道理论中采用的 "瞬时雕刻 "假说的局限性,本文利用 ABAQUS 二次开发界面之一的 VUAMP 用户子程序,实现了弹丸雕刻过程耦合动力学模型的建模和数值模拟。在方便工程应用的同时,提出了仿真得到的雕刻阻力多项式拟合公式,并以此为补充建立了考虑弹丸雕刻过程的封闭可解内弹道模型。通过与试验数据对比,验证了耦合动力学模型的仿真精度。仿真结果表明,雕刻过程耗时 3.8 毫秒,占整个发射过程的 26%,而整个发射过程耗时 14.6 毫秒,表明雕刻过程并非瞬时完成。本文的研究结果可为今后研究弹丸雕刻过程与枪支或类似枪支装备内部弹道的耦合解法提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
A novel minority sample fault diagnosis method based on multisource data enhancement 基于多源数据增强的新型少数样本故障诊断方法
Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12100
Yiming Guo, Shida Song, Jing Huang

Effective fault diagnosis has a crucial impact on the safety and cost of complex manufacturing systems. However, the complex structure of the collected multisource data and scarcity of fault samples make it difficult to accurately identify multiple fault conditions. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel deep-learning model for multisource data augmentation and small sample fault diagnosis. The raw multisource data are first converted into two-dimensional images using the Gramian Angular Field, and a generator is built to transform random noise into images through transposed convolution operations. Then, two discriminators are constructed to evaluate the authenticity of input images and the fault diagnosis ability. The Vision Transformer network is built to diagnose faults and obtain the classification error for the discriminator. Furthermore, a global optimization strategy is designed to upgrade parameters in the model. The discriminators and generator compete with each other until Nash equilibrium is achieved. A real-world multistep forging machine is adopted to compare and validate the performance of different methods. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has multisource data augmentation and minority sample fault diagnosis capabilities. Compared with other state-of-the-art models, the proposed approach has better fault diagnosis accuracy in various scenarios.

有效的故障诊断对复杂制造系统的安全性和成本有着至关重要的影响。然而,收集到的多源数据结构复杂,故障样本稀少,因此很难准确识别多种故障情况。为应对这一挑战,本文提出了一种新型深度学习模型,用于多源数据增强和小样本故障诊断。首先利用格拉米安角场将原始多源数据转换为二维图像,并建立一个生成器,通过转置卷积操作将随机噪声转换为图像。然后,构建两个判别器来评估输入图像的真实性和故障诊断能力。建立视觉变换器网络来诊断故障,并获得判别器的分类误差。此外,还设计了一种全局优化策略来升级模型中的参数。鉴别器和发生器相互竞争,直至达到纳什平衡。实验采用了真实世界中的多步锻造机来比较和验证不同方法的性能。实验结果表明,所提出的方法具有多源数据增强和少数样本故障诊断能力。与其他最先进的模型相比,所提出的方法在各种情况下都具有更高的故障诊断精度。
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引用次数: 0
A multiscale differential-algebraic neural network-based method for learning dynamical systems 基于多尺度微分代数神经网络的动力系统学习方法
Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12102
Yin Huang, Jieyu Ding

The objective of dynamical system learning tasks is to forecast the future behavior of a system by leveraging observed data. However, such systems can sometimes exhibit rigidity due to significant variations in component parameters or the presence of slow and fast variables, leading to challenges in learning. To overcome this limitation, we propose a multiscale differential-algebraic neural network (MDANN) method that utilizes Lagrangian mechanics and incorporates multiscale information for dynamical system learning. The MDANN method consists of two main components: the Lagrangian mechanics module and the multiscale module. The Lagrangian mechanics module embeds the system in Cartesian coordinates, adopts a differential-algebraic equation format, and uses Lagrange multipliers to impose constraints explicitly, simplifying the learning problem. The multiscale module converts high-frequency components into low-frequency components using radial scaling to learn subprocesses with large differences in velocity. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MDANN method effectively improves the learning of dynamical systems under rigid conditions.

动态系统学习任务的目标是利用观测数据预测系统的未来行为。然而,由于组件参数的显著变化或慢速和快速变量的存在,此类系统有时会表现出刚性,从而给学习带来挑战。为了克服这一局限性,我们提出了一种多尺度微分代数神经网络(MDANN)方法,该方法利用拉格朗日力学并结合多尺度信息进行动态系统学习。MDANN 方法由两个主要部分组成:拉格朗日力学模块和多尺度模块。拉格朗日力学模块将系统嵌入笛卡尔坐标,采用微分代数方程格式,并使用拉格朗日乘法器明确施加约束,从而简化了学习问题。多尺度模块利用径向缩放将高频成分转换为低频成分,以学习速度差异较大的子过程。实验结果表明,所提出的 MDANN 方法能有效改善刚性条件下的动力系统学习。
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引用次数: 0
Realization of nonreciprocal acoustic energy transfer using an asymmetric strong nonlinear vibroacoustic system 利用非对称强非线性振声系统实现非互惠声能传递
Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12099
Jiangming Jin, Jingxiao Huang, Yuepeng Xiao

In this paper, an asymmetric vibroacoustic system that can passively realize nonreciprocal transmission of acoustic energy is reported. This experimental system consists of a waveguide, a strongly nonlinear membrane, and three acoustic cavities with different sizes. The theoretical modeling of the system is verified by experiments, and parametric analysis is also carried out. These intensive studies reveal the nonreciprocal transmission of acoustic energy in this prototype system. Under forward excitation, internal resonance between the two nonlinear normal modes of the vibroacoustic system occurs, and acoustic energy is irreversibly transferred from the waveguide to the nonlinear membrane. However, under backward excitation, there is no internal resonance in the system. Energy spectra and wavelet analysis are used to highlight the mechanism of nonreciprocal transfer of acoustic energy. Consequently, nearly unidirectional (preferential) transmission of acoustic energy transfer is shown by this system. The nonreciprocal acoustic energy transfer method illustrated in this paper provides a new way to design the odd acoustic element.

本文报告了一种非对称振动声学系统,它可以被动地实现声能的非互易传输。该实验系统由波导、强非线性膜和三个不同尺寸的声腔组成。实验验证了系统的理论模型,并进行了参数分析。这些深入研究揭示了声能在该原型系统中的非对等传输。在正向激励下,振声系统的两个非线性法向模态之间发生内部共振,声能不可逆转地从波导传递到非线性膜。然而,在反向激励下,系统不存在内部共振。能谱和小波分析被用来强调声能非互惠传递的机制。因此,该系统显示出近乎单向(优先)的声能传递。本文阐述的非互惠声能传递方法为奇异声学元件的设计提供了一种新方法。
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引用次数: 0
An introductory review of swarm technology for spacecraft on-orbit servicing 航天器在轨服务蜂群技术入门综述
Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12098
El Ghali Asri, Zheng H. Zhu

This review paper presents a comprehensive evaluation and forward-looking perspective on the underexplored topic of servicing target objects using spacecraft swarms. Such targets can be known or unknown, cooperative or uncooperative, and pose significant challenges in modern space operations due to their inherent complexity and unpredictability. Successfully servicing space objects is vital for active debris removal and broader on-orbit servicing tasks such as satellite maintenance, repair, refueling, orbital assembly, and construction. Significant effort has been invested in the literature to explore the servicing of targets using a single spacecraft. Given its advantages and benefits, this paper expands the discussion to encompass a swarm approach to the problem. This review covers various single-spacecraft approaches and presents a critical examination of the existing, although limited, body of work dedicated to servicing orbital objects using multiple spacecraft. The focus is also broadened to include some influential studies concerning the characterization, capture, and manipulation of physical objects by general multiagent systems, a subject with significant parallels to the core interest of this manuscript. Furthermore, this article also delves into the realm of simultaneous localization and mapping, highlighting its application within close-proximity operations in space, especially when dealing with unknown uncooperative targets. Special attention is paid to the benefits that this field can receive from distributed multiagent architectures. Finally, an exploration of the promising field of swarm robotics is presented, with an emphasis on its potential to revolutionize the servicing of orbital target objects. Concurrently, a survey of general research directly engaging swarms in the orbital context is conducted. This review aims to bridge the knowledge gap and stimulate further research in the underexplored domain of servicing space targets with spacecraft swarms.

本综述论文对利用航天器群为目标物体提供服务这一尚未充分探索的课题进行了全面评估,并提出了前瞻性观点。这些目标可能是已知的,也可能是未知的;可能是合作的,也可能是不合作的;由于其固有的复杂性和不可预测性,它们对现代太空行动构成了重大挑战。成功地为空间物体提供服务对于主动清除碎片和更广泛的在轨服务任务(如卫星维护、修理、加油、轨道组装和建造)至关重要。文献中已经投入了大量精力来探索使用单个航天器为目标提供服务。鉴于其优势和益处,本文将扩大讨论范围,以包括解决该问题的蜂群方法。这篇综述涵盖了各种单航天器方法,并对现有的利用多个航天器为轨道物体提供服务的工作(尽管数量有限)进行了批判性审查。此外,本文还扩大了研究范围,纳入了关于一般多代理系统对物理对象的特征描述、捕获和操纵的一些有影响力的研究,这一主题与本手稿的核心兴趣有着重要的相似之处。此外,本文还深入探讨了同步定位和绘图领域,强调了其在太空近距离行动中的应用,尤其是在处理未知的不合作目标时。文章特别关注了分布式多代理架构在这一领域的优势。最后,介绍了对前景广阔的蜂群机器人技术领域的探索,重点是其彻底改变轨道目标物体服务的潜力。同时,还对在轨道环境中直接参与蜂群的一般研究进行了调查。本综述旨在弥合知识差距,促进在利用航天器群为空间目标提供服务这一探索不足的领域开展进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Bidirectional energy-controlled piezoelectric shunt damping technology and its vibration attenuation performance 双向能量控制压电分流阻尼技术及其减振性能
Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12101
Yipeng Wu, Quan Yuan, Kaibin Ren, Xin Shen, Hui Shen, Adrien Badel, Hongli Ji, Jinhao Qiu

Piezoelectric material-based semi-active vibration control systems may effectively suppress vibration amplitude without any external power supply, or even harvest electrical energy. This bidirectional electrical energy control phenomenon is theoretically introduced and validated in this paper. A flyback transformer-based switching piezoelectric shunt circuit that can extract energy from or inject energy into piezoelectric elements is proposed. The analytical expressions of the controlled energy and the corresponding vibration attenuation are therefore derived for a classical electromechanical cantilever beam. Theoretical predictions validated by the experimental results show that the structure vibration attenuation can be tuned from −5 to −25 dB under the given electrical quality factor of the circuit and figure of merit of the electromechanical structure, and the consumed power is in the range of −13 to 25 mW, which is a good theoretical basis for the development of self-sensing, self-adapting, and self-powered piezoelectric vibration control systems.

基于压电材料的半主动振动控制系统可以在没有任何外部电源的情况下有效抑制振动幅度,甚至还能收集电能。本文从理论上介绍并验证了这种双向电能控制现象。本文提出了一种基于反激变压器的开关压电分流电路,它可以从压电元件中提取能量或向压电元件注入能量。因此推导出了经典机电悬臂梁的受控能量和相应振动衰减的分析表达式。实验结果验证的理论预测表明,在给定电路的电品质因数和机电结构的优点系数下,结构振动衰减可在 -5 至 -25 dB 之间调节,消耗功率在 -13 至 25 mW 之间,这为开发自传感、自适应和自供电压电振动控制系统奠定了良好的理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
Enabling the transfer matrix method to model serial–parallel compliant mechanisms including curved flexure beams 使传递矩阵法能够模拟包括弯曲挠性梁在内的串联-平行顺从机构
Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12097
Mingxiang Ling, Lei Yuan, Tingjun Zeng, Xianmin Zhang

Compliant mechanisms with curved flexure hinges/beams have potential advantages of small spaces, low stress levels, and flexible design parameters, which have attracted considerable attention in precision engineering, metamaterials, robotics, and so forth. However, serial–parallel configurations with curved flexure hinges/beams often lead to a complicated parametric design. Here, the transfer matrix method is enabled for analysis of both the kinetostatics and dynamics of general serial–parallel compliant mechanisms without deriving laborious formulas or combining other modeling methods. Consequently, serial–parallel compliant mechanisms with curved flexure hinges/beams can be modeled in a straightforward manner based on a single transfer matrix of Timoshenko straight beams using a step-by-step procedure. Theoretical and numerical validations on two customized XY nanopositioners comprised of straight and corrugated flexure units confirm the concise modeling process and high prediction accuracy of the presented approach. In conclusion, the present study provides an enhanced transfer matrix modeling approach to streamline the kinetostatic and dynamic analyses of general serial–parallel compliant mechanisms and beam structures, including curved flexure hinges and irregular-shaped rigid bodies.

具有弯曲挠性铰链/梁的顺应机构具有空间小、应力水平低、设计参数灵活等潜在优势,在精密工程、超材料、机器人等领域引起了广泛关注。然而,曲面挠性铰链/梁的串联-并联配置通常会导致复杂的参数设计。在这里,传递矩阵法可用于分析一般串并联顺从机构的运动学和动力学,而无需推导费力的公式或结合其他建模方法。因此,可以根据蒂莫申科直梁的单一传递矩阵,通过逐步的程序,以简单的方式对具有弯曲挠性铰链/梁的串联-平行顺从机构进行建模。在两个由直形和波纹形挠曲单元组成的定制 XY 纳米定位器上进行的理论和数值验证证实了所介绍方法的简洁建模过程和高预测精度。总之,本研究提供了一种增强型传递矩阵建模方法,可简化一般串联-并联顺应机构和梁结构(包括弯曲挠性铰链和不规则形状刚体)的运动静力学和动力学分析。
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引用次数: 0
Tool-tip vibration prediction based on a novel convolutional enhanced transformer 基于新型卷积增强变压器的工具尖振动预测
Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12096
Adeel Shehzad, Xiaoting Rui, Yuanyuan Ding, Yu Chang, Jianshu Zhang, Hanjing Lu, Yiheng Chen

Superior surface finish remains a fundamental criterion in precision machining operations, and tool-tip vibration is an important factor that significantly influences the quality of the machined surface. Physics-based models heavily rely on assumptions for model simplification when applied to complex high-end systems. However, these assumptions may come at the cost of compromising the model's accuracy. In contrast, data-driven techniques have emerged as an attractive alternative for tasks such as prediction and complex system analysis. To exploit the advantages of data-driven models, this study introduces a novel convolutional enhanced transformer model for tool-tip vibration prediction, referred to as CeT-TV. The effectiveness of this model is demonstrated through its successful application in ultra-precision fly-cutting (UPFC) operations. Two distinct variants of the model, namely, guided and nonguided CeT-TV, were developed and rigorously tested on a data set custom-tailored for UPFC applications. The results reveal that the guided CeT-TV model exhibits outstanding performance, characterized by the lowest mean absolute error and root mean square error values. Additionally, the model demonstrates excellent agreement between the predicted values and the actual measurements, thus underlining its efficiency and potential for predicting the tool-tip vibration in the context of UPFC.

卓越的表面光洁度仍然是精密加工操作的基本标准,而刀尖振动是显著影响加工表面质量的重要因素。在应用于复杂的高端系统时,基于物理的模型在很大程度上依赖于简化模型的假设。然而,这些假设可能会影响模型的准确性。相比之下,数据驱动技术已成为预测和复杂系统分析等任务中颇具吸引力的替代方案。为了利用数据驱动模型的优势,本研究引入了一种用于工具尖振动预测的新型卷积增强变压器模型,简称为 CeT-TV。该模型在超精密飞切(UPFC)操作中的成功应用证明了其有效性。该模型有两种不同的变体,即引导式和非引导式 CeT-TV,在为 UPFC 应用定制的数据集上进行了开发和严格测试。结果表明,有向导 CeT-TV 模型性能卓越,平均绝对误差和均方根误差值最低。此外,该模型在预测值和实际测量值之间表现出极佳的一致性,从而凸显了其在 UPFC 中预测刀尖振动的效率和潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis on the performance of different types of input- and command-shaping controllers in minimizing payload residual vibration of an overhead crane with an inclined supporting track 不同类型的输入和指令整形控制器在最大程度减少带倾斜支撑轨道的桥式起重机有效载荷残余振动方面的性能比较分析
Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1002/msd2.12095
Mohammed Alfares, Khaled Alhazza

Reducing the effects of external disturbance on overhead crane systems is crucial, as they can impair the controller performance and cause excessive vibrations or oscillations of the payloads. One such external disturbance is the inclination of the supporting track of the crane trolley, which causes the system dynamics model to change. An open-loop control strategy is widely utilized to control the payload sway motion and generally does not require any alterations in the physical structure of a system or the installation of sensors and/or actuators. Input and command shaping are two common open-loop control techniques applied to control overhead cranes. In this paper, the effect of moving an overhead crane system along an inclined supporting track is investigated. In addition, the ability of different types of input- and command-shaping control schemes to suppress the residual vibrations due to trolley track inclination is demonstrated. Two types of input-shaping controllers, which are double-step, zero vibration, and one command waveform (WF) shaper based on a trigonometric function, are used and tested. A linear equation of motion of the overhead crane resting on an inclined surface is developed to simulate the overhead crane and payload motion. The effectiveness of the different types of open-loop controllers to suppress residual vibrations is verified by both simulation and experimental results. In addition, a new WF command shaper is proposed and designed to overcome track inclination while eliminating payload residual vibration. A comprehensive comparative analysis, both numerically and experimentally, is performed on the new proposed shaper to measure its effectiveness in handling inclination when compared to other types of open-loop controllers. The new shaper outperforms other controllers in eliminating payload residual vibration for a wider range of inclination angles.

减少外部干扰对桥式起重机系统的影响至关重要,因为它们会损害控制器的性能,并导致有效载荷过度振动或摆动。起重机小车支撑轨道的倾斜就是这样一种外部干扰,它会导致系统动力学模型发生变化。开环控制策略被广泛用于控制有效载荷的摇摆运动,通常不需要改变系统的物理结构或安装传感器和/或执行器。输入和指令整形是控制桥式起重机的两种常用开环控制技术。本文研究了桥式起重机系统沿倾斜的支撑轨道移动的影响。此外,本文还展示了不同类型的输入和指令整形控制方案抑制小车轨道倾斜引起的残余振动的能力。使用并测试了两类输入整形控制器,即双步零振动控制器和基于三角函数的指令波形(WF)整形器。为模拟桥式起重机和有效载荷的运动,建立了桥式起重机在倾斜表面上的线性运动方程。模拟和实验结果验证了不同类型的开环控制器抑制残余振动的有效性。此外,还提出并设计了一种新的 WF 指令整形器,以克服轨道倾斜,同时消除有效载荷的残余振动。通过数值和实验对新提出的整形器进行了全面的比较分析,以衡量其与其他类型的开环控制器相比在处理轨道倾斜方面的有效性。在更大的倾斜角范围内,新的整形器在消除有效载荷残余振动方面优于其他控制器。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
国际机械系统动力学学报(英文)
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