Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03062
S. Zhong
The world’s earliest bomb with an iron casing, the iron huopao 鐵火砲 (cast-iron bomb, also referred to as zhentian lei 震天雷, literally “thunder-crash bomb”), is one of the most important inventions of ancient China relating to gunpowder and firearms. Until recently, however, academics were not able to conduct substantial research on the topic, as no actual remains of a huopao had yet been found. Since 2013, in the excavation of two sites of Southern Song ancient cities (Diaoyu Fortress and Baidicheng) in Chongqing, archaeologists from the Chongqing Cultural Heritage Research Institute have discovered a number of iron huopao of the Southern Song dynasty. This finding not only provides first-hand material for research on the history of the invention of gunpowder and firearms, which has always been lacking, but also offers new physical evidence for an exploration of the history of war and the military history of the thirteenth century (in particular the Mongol-Song war), and is thus historically significant.
{"title":"Feng Jiasheng’s Diagrams of Iron Bombs (Huopao) and Beyond: On the Academic Significance of the Southern Song Iron Bombs (Huopao) Unearthed in Chongqing1","authors":"S. Zhong","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.03062","url":null,"abstract":"The world’s earliest bomb with an iron casing, the iron huopao 鐵火砲 (cast-iron bomb, also referred to as zhentian lei 震天雷, literally “thunder-crash bomb”), is one of the most important inventions of ancient China relating to gunpowder and firearms. Until recently, however, academics were not able to conduct substantial research on the topic, as no actual remains of a huopao had yet been found. Since 2013, in the excavation of two sites of Southern Song ancient cities (Diaoyu Fortress and Baidicheng) in Chongqing, archaeologists from the Chongqing Cultural Heritage Research Institute have discovered a number of iron huopao of the Southern Song dynasty. This finding not only provides first-hand material for research on the history of the invention of gunpowder and firearms, which has always been lacking, but also offers new physical evidence for an exploration of the history of war and the military history of the thirteenth century (in particular the Mongol-Song war), and is thus historically significant.","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48581075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02072
A. Koslow
{"title":"The Chinese Version of the Pythagorean Theorem and the Case of the Missing Diagram: A Memoir1","authors":"A. Koslow","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47314981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.02041
Liang Li
{"title":"Astronomical Tables in the \"Lü-li zhi\" : On the Characteristics and Adoption of \"Licheng\" Pick-up Tables1","authors":"Liang Li","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.02041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.02041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42241112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02011
J. Krige
{"title":"Hybrid Identities<xref xml:base=\"fn\" rid=\"FN1\"><sup>1</sup></xref>","authors":"J. Krige","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69674787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02129
Yueyuan Yu
{"title":"The Sixth Forum on History and Heritage of Technology in China Held in Hangzhou1","authors":"Yueyuan Yu","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42975743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.02131
Yexin Liu
{"title":"HMM 2018—The Sixth International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms1","authors":"Yexin Liu","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.02131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.02131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48592213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.02019
Jixing Pan
{"title":"A New Inquiry into the Chinese Sources Used by Charles Darwin1","authors":"Jixing Pan","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.02019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.02019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02086
J. Dauben
{"title":"The History of Chinese Mathematics—the Founding of the IHNS (CAS)—and the True Story of a Wrong Diagram in SCC Volume 3","authors":"J. Dauben","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.02086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43459934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.01057
Xuetong Li
{"title":"Wong Wen-hao: A Prominent Geologist Pursuing Politics1","authors":"Xuetong Li","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.01057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1461.2018.01057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49385264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.01085
Jinyan Liu
In 1956, disciplines including nuclear technology and research on nuclear and elementary particles were added to the P. R. China’s national program for science and technology development. Mao Zedong explicitly supported Shoichi Sakata, a Japanese physicist, in applying materialistic dialectics to physics research, which influenced Chinese scientists in their study of particle physics. Starting in the early 1960s, physicists from the Institute of Atomic Energy, CAS, the Institute of Mathematics, CAS, Peking University, and University of Science and Technology of China put effort into the theoretical research of elementary particles and gradually formed a collaborative research group. From 1965 to 1966, they analyzed the experimental results and existing theories available to them, made a connection between their work and Mao Zedong’s belief that matter can be infinitely divided, and put forward the straton model, a structure model of hadrons. In July 1966, the straton model was presented at the Summer Physics Colloquium of the Peking Symposium. Unfortunately, scientific research in China soon came to a halt due to the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976); the academic exchange between Chinese scientists and their foreign peers became even more difficult than before. The calculation results of the hadron model failed to be formally published in English as Chinese scientists had wanted. As a result, the model did not have the kind of influence upon the development of particle physics at the international level that these scientists had expected.
{"title":"Chinese Physicists’ Construction of the Straton Model in Social Context1","authors":"Jinyan Liu","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.01085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1461.2018.01085","url":null,"abstract":"In 1956, disciplines including nuclear technology and research on nuclear and elementary particles were added to the P. R. China’s national program for science and technology development. Mao Zedong explicitly supported Shoichi Sakata, a Japanese physicist, in applying materialistic dialectics to physics research, which influenced Chinese scientists in their study of particle physics. Starting in the early 1960s, physicists from the Institute of Atomic Energy, CAS, the Institute of Mathematics, CAS, Peking University, and University of Science and Technology of China put effort into the theoretical research of elementary particles and gradually formed a collaborative research group. From 1965 to 1966, they analyzed the experimental results and existing theories available to them, made a connection between their work and Mao Zedong’s belief that matter can be infinitely divided, and put forward the straton model, a structure model of hadrons. In July 1966, the straton model was presented at the Summer Physics Colloquium of the Peking Symposium. Unfortunately, scientific research in China soon came to a halt due to the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976); the academic exchange between Chinese scientists and their foreign peers became even more difficult than before. The calculation results of the hadron model failed to be formally published in English as Chinese scientists had wanted. As a result, the model did not have the kind of influence upon the development of particle physics at the international level that these scientists had expected.","PeriodicalId":61293,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41478003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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