Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.012
Chenlu Huang, Dunwan Zhu
In recent years, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely used in the construction of various intelligent drug delivery systems due to their unique and excellent properties. The stimuli-responsive drug delivery system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles can effectively load anticancer drugs and target them to tumor cells, and then responsively release anticancer drugs under the action of specific stimulation signals. The method of specifically delivering anticancer drugs to target sites not only can greatly improvethe drug efficacy, but also effectively reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs on normal tissues and organs. Thereby the advantages of anticancer drugs in tumor therapy are improved. In this paper, the applications and developments of stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica nano drug delivery systems in tumor therapy were summarized. Key words: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles; Stimuli-responsive; Controlled release; Tumor therapy
{"title":"Research progress in stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica nano drug delivery systems for tumor therapy","authors":"Chenlu Huang, Dunwan Zhu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely used in the construction of various intelligent drug delivery systems due to their unique and excellent properties. The stimuli-responsive drug delivery system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles can effectively load anticancer drugs and target them to tumor cells, and then responsively release anticancer drugs under the action of specific stimulation signals. The method of specifically delivering anticancer drugs to target sites not only can greatly improvethe drug efficacy, but also effectively reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs on normal tissues and organs. Thereby the advantages of anticancer drugs in tumor therapy are improved. In this paper, the applications and developments of stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica nano drug delivery systems in tumor therapy were summarized. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Mesoporous silica nanoparticles; Stimuli-responsive; Controlled release; Tumor therapy","PeriodicalId":61751,"journal":{"name":"国际生物医学工程杂志","volume":"42 1","pages":"66-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46374809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.001
Jing Liu, Binhan Li, Yibo Qin, X. Leng
Objective To explore the feasibility of the application of yak pericardium as anti-calcified heart valve materials in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Cattle pericardium and commercial Sino products were used as controls. Methods Yak and cattle pericardium was decellularized, and then the acellular extent was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and DNA detection kit respectively. Two cross-linking agents, i.e. glutaraldehyde and genipin, were used to cross-link the acellular pericardium, respectively. After testing the mechanical property, thermodynamic stability and biocompatibility of the pericardium, the cross-linked pericardium was subcutaneously implanted in juvenile Wistar rats. After 2~4 weeks of the implantation, histological staining and tissue calcification analysis were conducted. Results The nuclei of the yak pericardium were almost invisible after decellularized treatment, and the DNA content decreased from (0.90±0.13) μg/mg to (0.09±0.02) μg/mg that was significantly lower than that of Sino product (P 0.05). For the two cross-linked yak pericardium, the hemolysis rate and cell proliferation ratio was similar with that of cattle pericardium (all P>0.05), the tissue regeneration ability of subcutaneous implantations was inferior, and the calcification level was higher than that of cattle pericardium with an no statistically significant difference (all P>0.05). After 4 weeks of the subcutaneously implantation, the calcium content of the glutaraldehyde cross-linked pericardium was 32.62~65.49 μg/mg. Conclusions Yak pericardium has better mechanical properties and thermodynamic stability than cattle pericardium, and the biocompatibility can meet the requirements of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Key words: Heart valves; Yak pericardium; Acellular matrix; Crosslinking; Anti-calcification
{"title":"Application of yak pericardium in anti-calcification heart valves","authors":"Jing Liu, Binhan Li, Yibo Qin, X. Leng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To explore the feasibility of the application of yak pericardium as anti-calcified heart valve materials in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Cattle pericardium and commercial Sino products were used as controls. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Yak and cattle pericardium was decellularized, and then the acellular extent was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and DNA detection kit respectively. Two cross-linking agents, i.e. glutaraldehyde and genipin, were used to cross-link the acellular pericardium, respectively. After testing the mechanical property, thermodynamic stability and biocompatibility of the pericardium, the cross-linked pericardium was subcutaneously implanted in juvenile Wistar rats. After 2~4 weeks of the implantation, histological staining and tissue calcification analysis were conducted. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The nuclei of the yak pericardium were almost invisible after decellularized treatment, and the DNA content decreased from (0.90±0.13) μg/mg to (0.09±0.02) μg/mg that was significantly lower than that of Sino product (P 0.05). For the two cross-linked yak pericardium, the hemolysis rate and cell proliferation ratio was similar with that of cattle pericardium (all P>0.05), the tissue regeneration ability of subcutaneous implantations was inferior, and the calcification level was higher than that of cattle pericardium with an no statistically significant difference (all P>0.05). After 4 weeks of the subcutaneously implantation, the calcium content of the glutaraldehyde cross-linked pericardium was 32.62~65.49 μg/mg. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Yak pericardium has better mechanical properties and thermodynamic stability than cattle pericardium, and the biocompatibility can meet the requirements of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Heart valves; Yak pericardium; Acellular matrix; Crosslinking; Anti-calcification","PeriodicalId":61751,"journal":{"name":"国际生物医学工程杂志","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To construct a human renal epithelial cell line HEK293T by CRISPR-Cas9-based site-directed knock-in of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) gene, and avoid the off-target effect caused by lentivirus infection. Methods The VEGF165 expression vector with homologous arm (pUCm-T-VEGF165 plasmid) and the sgRNA expression vector [pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro-sgRNA plasmid] were designed and constructed based on the DNA sequence of the EZH2 gene, and then co-transfected into HEK293T cells. The expression of VEGF165 mRNA was detected by qPCR and the expressions of VEGF165 proteins were detected by Western Blot. Results The qPCR and Western Blot results showed that, comparing with the control, the pUCm-T-VEGF165 plasmid and pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro-sgRNA plasmid, the expression of the co-transfection plasmid were significantly increased, i.e. 3.42±0.30 vs. 1.02±0.21, 1.13±0.16 and 0.98±0.18 for the VEGF165 mRNA level (all P<0.01), and 1.13±0.16 vs. 1.02±0.06, 0.88±0.03 and 0.80±0.05 for the VEGF165 protein level (all P<0.01), respectively. Besides, the expression of EZH2 was significantly down-regulated, i.e. 0.14±0.06 vs. 1.08±0.11, 1.02±0.12 and 1.13±0.16 for the EZH2 mRNA level (all P<0.01), and 0.23±0.03 vs. 1.05±0.13, 0.91±0.04 and 0.81±0.06 for the EZH2 protein level (all P<0.01), respectively. This result showed that the VEGF165 was successfully inserted into the EZH2 genome, interfering the EZH2 expression. Conclusions VEGF165 gene can be successfully knocked into HEK293T cells by CRISPR/Cas9 system. Key words: Vascular endothelial growth factor 165; CRISPR/Cas9; HEK293T cells
{"title":"CRISPR-Cas9-based site-directed knock-in of VEGF165 gene in a HEK293T cell","authors":"Zaiyu Guo, Heliang Zhang, Qian Chen, Yanwei Hou, Taotao Shui, Lili Wu, Yijie Liu, Qiaoman Fei, Huan Huang, Lei Lei, Yan Sun, Yu Kong, Xiujuan Zhao, Yating Han, Bing Yang, Ling Zhang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To construct a human renal epithelial cell line HEK293T by CRISPR-Cas9-based site-directed knock-in of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) gene, and avoid the off-target effect caused by lentivirus infection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The VEGF165 expression vector with homologous arm (pUCm-T-VEGF165 plasmid) and the sgRNA expression vector [pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro-sgRNA plasmid] were designed and constructed based on the DNA sequence of the EZH2 gene, and then co-transfected into HEK293T cells. The expression of VEGF165 mRNA was detected by qPCR and the expressions of VEGF165 proteins were detected by Western Blot. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The qPCR and Western Blot results showed that, comparing with the control, the pUCm-T-VEGF165 plasmid and pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro-sgRNA plasmid, the expression of the co-transfection plasmid were significantly increased, i.e. 3.42±0.30 vs. 1.02±0.21, 1.13±0.16 and 0.98±0.18 for the VEGF165 mRNA level (all P<0.01), and 1.13±0.16 vs. 1.02±0.06, 0.88±0.03 and 0.80±0.05 for the VEGF165 protein level (all P<0.01), respectively. Besides, the expression of EZH2 was significantly down-regulated, i.e. 0.14±0.06 vs. 1.08±0.11, 1.02±0.12 and 1.13±0.16 for the EZH2 mRNA level (all P<0.01), and 0.23±0.03 vs. 1.05±0.13, 0.91±0.04 and 0.81±0.06 for the EZH2 protein level (all P<0.01), respectively. This result showed that the VEGF165 was successfully inserted into the EZH2 genome, interfering the EZH2 expression. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000VEGF165 gene can be successfully knocked into HEK293T cells by CRISPR/Cas9 system. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Vascular endothelial growth factor 165; CRISPR/Cas9; HEK293T cells","PeriodicalId":61751,"journal":{"name":"国际生物医学工程杂志","volume":"42 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41706092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.011
Zhiming Zhang, Chenlu Huang, Linhua Zhang
Malignant tumors are the second most important cause of death after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Chemotherapeutic drugs for tumor treatment have strong toxic side effects. The common solution is to use nanoparticle as a carrier that can deliver drugs to tumor issues so as to kill the tumor cells. However, most of the current drug-carriers have a serious drug loss before reaching the tumor area, which makes the difficult control of drug release. Multi-stimulus responsive nano-carrier systems can overcome these drawbacks and make drug release controllable. pH/redox dual sensitive nano-carrier systems are currently hot research direction. In this paper, the research progress of pH/redox dual sensitive nano-carrier systems in recent years was reviewed in order to provide reference for relative researches. Key words: Tumor; pH/redox sensitive; Nano-drug loading
{"title":"Research progress in pH/redox dual sensitive nano-carrier system","authors":"Zhiming Zhang, Chenlu Huang, Linhua Zhang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant tumors are the second most important cause of death after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Chemotherapeutic drugs for tumor treatment have strong toxic side effects. The common solution is to use nanoparticle as a carrier that can deliver drugs to tumor issues so as to kill the tumor cells. However, most of the current drug-carriers have a serious drug loss before reaching the tumor area, which makes the difficult control of drug release. Multi-stimulus responsive nano-carrier systems can overcome these drawbacks and make drug release controllable. pH/redox dual sensitive nano-carrier systems are currently hot research direction. In this paper, the research progress of pH/redox dual sensitive nano-carrier systems in recent years was reviewed in order to provide reference for relative researches. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Tumor; pH/redox sensitive; Nano-drug loading","PeriodicalId":61751,"journal":{"name":"国际生物医学工程杂志","volume":"42 1","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47887016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.002
Xinyu Ye, Xin Liang, Xudong Zhang, Lin Mei
Objective To investigate the method of preparing black phosphrous quantum dot (BPQD)-loaded erythrocyte membrane nanovesicles (BPQD-EMNVs), and to study its efficiency in photothermal therapy for breast cancer. Methods Fresh red blood cells (RBCs) of healthy mice were extracted to prepare erythrocyte membrane, and BPQD-EMNVs were prepared by sonication method. The morphology of BPQD-EMNVs was observed by a transmission electron microscopy. The particle size distribution was measured by a nano-particle size and Zeta potential meter. The encapsulation efficiency of BPQD was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. The uptake rate of BPQD-EMNVs was observed by a laser scanning confocal microscope. 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice were randomly divided into PBS, EMNVs, BPQD and BPQD-EMNVs groups, and the tumor sites were irradiated with 808 nm near-infrared light for 10 min after 4 hours of tail vein injection. The growth of the tumors was continually observed. Results The prepared BPQD-EMNVs have a regular spherical shape with an average particle diameter of 228 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of about 47%. Cellular uptake in vitro experiments showed that BPQD-EMNVs were rapidly taken up by 4T1 tumor cells. The results of animal in vivo experiments showed that BPQD-EMNVs had the highest enrichment after 4 h of injection at the tumor site, and BPQD-EMNVs could effectively kill tumor tissues after 10 min of 808 nm near-infrared light irradiation. Conclusions The BPQD-EMNVs are easy to prepare, and the prepared nanovesicles have good biocompatibility and photothermiotherapy effect, which is expected to be a promising method for breast cancer therapy. Key words: Erythrocyte membrane; Breast cancer; Black phosphorous quantum dot; Nanovesicles; Photothermal therapy
{"title":"Black phosphrous quantum dot (BPQD)-loaded erythrocyte membrane vesicles for phothothermal therapy in breast cancer","authors":"Xinyu Ye, Xin Liang, Xudong Zhang, Lin Mei","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2019.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the method of preparing black phosphrous quantum dot (BPQD)-loaded erythrocyte membrane nanovesicles (BPQD-EMNVs), and to study its efficiency in photothermal therapy for breast cancer. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Fresh red blood cells (RBCs) of healthy mice were extracted to prepare erythrocyte membrane, and BPQD-EMNVs were prepared by sonication method. The morphology of BPQD-EMNVs was observed by a transmission electron microscopy. The particle size distribution was measured by a nano-particle size and Zeta potential meter. The encapsulation efficiency of BPQD was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. The uptake rate of BPQD-EMNVs was observed by a laser scanning confocal microscope. 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice were randomly divided into PBS, EMNVs, BPQD and BPQD-EMNVs groups, and the tumor sites were irradiated with 808 nm near-infrared light for 10 min after 4 hours of tail vein injection. The growth of the tumors was continually observed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The prepared BPQD-EMNVs have a regular spherical shape with an average particle diameter of 228 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of about 47%. Cellular uptake in vitro experiments showed that BPQD-EMNVs were rapidly taken up by 4T1 tumor cells. The results of animal in vivo experiments showed that BPQD-EMNVs had the highest enrichment after 4 h of injection at the tumor site, and BPQD-EMNVs could effectively kill tumor tissues after 10 min of 808 nm near-infrared light irradiation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The BPQD-EMNVs are easy to prepare, and the prepared nanovesicles have good biocompatibility and photothermiotherapy effect, which is expected to be a promising method for breast cancer therapy. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Erythrocyte membrane; Breast cancer; Black phosphorous quantum dot; Nanovesicles; Photothermal therapy","PeriodicalId":61751,"journal":{"name":"国际生物医学工程杂志","volume":"42 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47355757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijbecs.20190501.11
Awoke Giletew Wondie, Daniel Alelign Demissie
{"title":"Health Service Providers Knowledge and Practice Towards Clean and Safe Health Facility in Debre Tabor General Hospital, North Central Ethiopia","authors":"Awoke Giletew Wondie, Daniel Alelign Demissie","doi":"10.11648/j.ijbecs.20190501.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbecs.20190501.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61751,"journal":{"name":"国际生物医学工程杂志","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64791651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijbecs.20190504.11
Gemechu Berhanu Kerorsa
{"title":"Assessment of Public Awareness on Common Zoonotic Diseases in Lalo Kile District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Gemechu Berhanu Kerorsa","doi":"10.11648/j.ijbecs.20190504.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbecs.20190504.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61751,"journal":{"name":"国际生物医学工程杂志","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64791812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Iraq is one of the countries of the Middle East which was subjected to violence after the USA invasion in 2003. Therefore, adolescents and young age people are vulnerable to be nicotine dependent and drug-abused. The aim of this study is to assess the interrelationship among the post-traumatic disorder, drug or substance user, nicotine dependence with the study performed in a small sample of college-students recruited in one medical-related college in Baghdad. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried in the Department of the Medical Laboratory Technology at the University College of Asoul Al-Dean in Baghdad during the first half of 2019. A total number of 207 students (125 females and 82 males) aged 23.2±5.2 years were enrolled in this study. The scores of the self-reported questionnaires related to the nicotine dependence (Fagerstrom test), drug abuse screening test (DAST-20), and post-traumatic stress disorder screening tool were analyzed. Results: Male students were commonly cigarette smokers and mild to moderately dependent. In general, both males and females were drug abused with male to female odd ratios ranged between 0.489 and 2.595. Male students were subjected to stressful situations more commonly than females by 1.275–2.373 folds. Females and males with a history of exposure to the stressful situations were significantly more drug abused and nicotine-dependent compared to the corresponding students without stressful situations. Conclusions: Nicotine dependence is not a health problem, and the students react to stressful situations by using medicines and medicinal substances. Violence in Iraq is one of the most common risk factors of using drugs which can be a health problem by 15% of our sample. Keywords : College students, drug abuse, nicotine dependence, Iraq, post-traumatic stress Cite this Article: Lara G. A. Ali, Hiba A. Abdul Sattar, Marwan S.M. Al-Nimer. Interrelationship Among Smoking Habit, Drug User, and Exposure to Stressful Situations in College Students in Baghdad, Iraq. International Journal of Biomedical Engineering . 2019; 5(2): 5–13p.
{"title":"Interrelationship Among Smoking Habit, Drug User, and Exposure to Stressful Situations in College Students in Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"L. Ali, H. A. A. Sattar, Marwan S. Al-Nimer","doi":"10.37628/IJBME.V4I2.624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37628/IJBME.V4I2.624","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iraq is one of the countries of the Middle East which was subjected to violence after the USA invasion in 2003. Therefore, adolescents and young age people are vulnerable to be nicotine dependent and drug-abused. The aim of this study is to assess the interrelationship among the post-traumatic disorder, drug or substance user, nicotine dependence with the study performed in a small sample of college-students recruited in one medical-related college in Baghdad. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried in the Department of the Medical Laboratory Technology at the University College of Asoul Al-Dean in Baghdad during the first half of 2019. A total number of 207 students (125 females and 82 males) aged 23.2±5.2 years were enrolled in this study. The scores of the self-reported questionnaires related to the nicotine dependence (Fagerstrom test), drug abuse screening test (DAST-20), and post-traumatic stress disorder screening tool were analyzed. Results: Male students were commonly cigarette smokers and mild to moderately dependent. In general, both males and females were drug abused with male to female odd ratios ranged between 0.489 and 2.595. Male students were subjected to stressful situations more commonly than females by 1.275–2.373 folds. Females and males with a history of exposure to the stressful situations were significantly more drug abused and nicotine-dependent compared to the corresponding students without stressful situations. Conclusions: Nicotine dependence is not a health problem, and the students react to stressful situations by using medicines and medicinal substances. Violence in Iraq is one of the most common risk factors of using drugs which can be a health problem by 15% of our sample. Keywords : College students, drug abuse, nicotine dependence, Iraq, post-traumatic stress Cite this Article: Lara G. A. Ali, Hiba A. Abdul Sattar, Marwan S.M. Al-Nimer. Interrelationship Among Smoking Habit, Drug User, and Exposure to Stressful Situations in College Students in Baghdad, Iraq. International Journal of Biomedical Engineering . 2019; 5(2): 5–13p.","PeriodicalId":61751,"journal":{"name":"国际生物医学工程杂志","volume":"4 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69924257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2018.06.005
Ke Liping, Li Jianing, J. Pu, H. Cui, Xiaobo Xie, Shengpu Xu, Yong Hu
Objective To investigate the characteristics of brain network based on brain electrical activity induced by somatosensory electrical stimulation, and to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of brain neural plasticity induced by somatosensory electrical stimulation. Methods Ten healthy subjects were selected and a somatosensory electrical stimulation experiment was constructed based on the directed transfer function (DTF). In the experiment, the DTF causal connection matrixes of the 32-channel EEG data of Delta, Theta, Alpha and Beta bands were obtained under the somatosensory electrical target and non-target stimulation, and the differences of clustering coefficient and global efficiency between two stimulation states were contrasted based on graph theory. Results Under the target stimulation and non-target stimulation states, the regions with stronger DTA causal connections were mainly concentrated in FCz, Cz, CPz and Pz channels. The causal connection intensity under target stimulation state was greater than that of non-target stimulation. Also, in the Delta, Theta, and Alpha bands, the clustering coefficient under the target stimulation state was significantly higher than that in the non-target stimulation state (P<0.05). In the Delta and Theta bands, the global efficiency of the target stimulation state was significantly higher than that of the non-target stimulation state (P<0.05). Conclusions Somatosensory electrical stimulation can activate and induce EEG brain networks. In the target stimulation state, the role of the parietal lobe in the EEG causal network is enhanced, which helps to induce attention to specific brain region plasticity, and thus realizing the nerve rehabilitation in the brain regions of interest. While in the non-target stimulation state, the synergistic interactions between brain regions were enhanced, which helps to activate and induce a wide range of associations in the whole brain network, so as to promote the global neural activity in the brain. Key words: Somatosensory electrical stimulation; Target stimulation; Non-target stimulation; Directed transform function; Brain network
{"title":"Improvement of neural activity in brain EEG network using somatosensory electrical stimulation","authors":"Ke Liping, Li Jianing, J. Pu, H. Cui, Xiaobo Xie, Shengpu Xu, Yong Hu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2018.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2018.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the characteristics of brain network based on brain electrical activity induced by somatosensory electrical stimulation, and to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of brain neural plasticity induced by somatosensory electrical stimulation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Ten healthy subjects were selected and a somatosensory electrical stimulation experiment was constructed based on the directed transfer function (DTF). In the experiment, the DTF causal connection matrixes of the 32-channel EEG data of Delta, Theta, Alpha and Beta bands were obtained under the somatosensory electrical target and non-target stimulation, and the differences of clustering coefficient and global efficiency between two stimulation states were contrasted based on graph theory. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Under the target stimulation and non-target stimulation states, the regions with stronger DTA causal connections were mainly concentrated in FCz, Cz, CPz and Pz channels. The causal connection intensity under target stimulation state was greater than that of non-target stimulation. Also, in the Delta, Theta, and Alpha bands, the clustering coefficient under the target stimulation state was significantly higher than that in the non-target stimulation state (P<0.05). In the Delta and Theta bands, the global efficiency of the target stimulation state was significantly higher than that of the non-target stimulation state (P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Somatosensory electrical stimulation can activate and induce EEG brain networks. In the target stimulation state, the role of the parietal lobe in the EEG causal network is enhanced, which helps to induce attention to specific brain region plasticity, and thus realizing the nerve rehabilitation in the brain regions of interest. While in the non-target stimulation state, the synergistic interactions between brain regions were enhanced, which helps to activate and induce a wide range of associations in the whole brain network, so as to promote the global neural activity in the brain. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Somatosensory electrical stimulation; Target stimulation; Non-target stimulation; Directed transform function; Brain network","PeriodicalId":61751,"journal":{"name":"国际生物医学工程杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"488-493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47270457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2018.06.003
L. Jing, Qingyuan Li, Yukai Ai, Yuan Yuan, Meixiu Sun, Yingxin Li, Chuji Wang
Objective To study the concentration distribution of acetone in fasting exhaled breath in diabetic patients and healthy subjects, to explore the effect of individual indexes on the concentration of acetone in fasting exhaled breath, and to study the role of individual indexes of fasting exhaled breath acetone in diabetes screening. Methods The acetone concentration measurements of fasting exhaled breath were performed on 265 healthy subjects, 39 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 300 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using real-time online respiratory acetone analyzer based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). SPSS 19.0 software was used to eliminate outliers, and relevant statistical analysis was carried out with the corresponding gender, age, height, body mass, body mass index (BMI) and blood glucose concentration (BGL). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of fasting breath acetone concentration for diabetes diagnosing. Results The mean fasting breath acetone concentration in T1D patients was (2.24±1.43)×10-6 was significantly higher than (1.43±0.55)×10-6 in healthy subjects and (1.41±0.73)×10-6 in T2D patients, and the differences were statistically significant (all P 0.05). Conclusions The detection of fasting breath acetone concentration is meaningful for T1D diagnosing, but has a low accuracy for T2D diagnosing (no statistically significant). Key words: Diabetes; Breath acetone; Cavity ringdown spectroscopy
{"title":"Application of fasting breath acetone in diabetes screening","authors":"L. Jing, Qingyuan Li, Yukai Ai, Yuan Yuan, Meixiu Sun, Yingxin Li, Chuji Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2018.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1673-4181.2018.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To study the concentration distribution of acetone in fasting exhaled breath in diabetic patients and healthy subjects, to explore the effect of individual indexes on the concentration of acetone in fasting exhaled breath, and to study the role of individual indexes of fasting exhaled breath acetone in diabetes screening. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The acetone concentration measurements of fasting exhaled breath were performed on 265 healthy subjects, 39 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 300 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using real-time online respiratory acetone analyzer based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). SPSS 19.0 software was used to eliminate outliers, and relevant statistical analysis was carried out with the corresponding gender, age, height, body mass, body mass index (BMI) and blood glucose concentration (BGL). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of fasting breath acetone concentration for diabetes diagnosing. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The mean fasting breath acetone concentration in T1D patients was (2.24±1.43)×10-6 was significantly higher than (1.43±0.55)×10-6 in healthy subjects and (1.41±0.73)×10-6 in T2D patients, and the differences were statistically significant (all P 0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The detection of fasting breath acetone concentration is meaningful for T1D diagnosing, but has a low accuracy for T2D diagnosing (no statistically significant). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Diabetes; Breath acetone; Cavity ringdown spectroscopy","PeriodicalId":61751,"journal":{"name":"国际生物医学工程杂志","volume":"41 1","pages":"475-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44630840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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