Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2021.1110021
Catherin V. Adiang, Sawsan M. El-Sheik, Gamal El-Din A. Shams Abdel Aleem, Fouad AbdelAleem
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of albendazole alone or in combination with vitamin E on antioxidant activity and histopathological, changes on the liver and kidney. Following oral administration of albendazole of 0.25 mg/kg body weight and Vitamin E of 0.01 mg/kg body weight used for 21 successive days to broiler chicken, the experiment was done on fifteen broiler chickens divided into three groups: group one was non-treated, group two was treated with albendazole of 0.25 mg/kg body weight and group three was treated in combination with vitamin E of 0.01 mg/kg body weight. The blood sample and tissue were taken at the end of experiment 12 hrs after the last dose. The experimental result revealed that the significant decrease of liver enzymes caused by albendazole like serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALT), when compared with the control group, the experimental result significant decrease in kidney parameters like urea creatinine level caused by albendazole and finally there was a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes activity like CAT, SOP, GPX and a significant decrease in MDA. Histopathology results in liver-treated animals with albendazole in combination with vitamin E showed dilated, congested Portal Blood Vessels (PBV, arrow), mild to moderate Biliary Proliferation (BP, arrow), portal Round Cells Aggregation (RCA, arrow), and focal Hepatocellular Degeneration (HCD, arrow). Histopathology results of kidney-treated animals with albendazole in combination with vitamin E showing a mild Per Tubular Edema (PTE arrow), focal Tubular Degeneration (TD arrow), Tubular Regeneration (TR, arrow), glomerular lobulation and atrophy (GL arrow), and beside interstitial cells aggregation (RCA arrow), H & EX 200. Therefore, vitamin E should be taken by albendazole to decrease its effect.
{"title":"Protective Effects of Vitamin E on Albendazole Adverse Effects","authors":"Catherin V. Adiang, Sawsan M. El-Sheik, Gamal El-Din A. Shams Abdel Aleem, Fouad AbdelAleem","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2021.1110021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2021.1110021","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine the effect of albendazole alone or in combination with vitamin E on antioxidant activity and histopathological, changes on the liver and kidney. Following oral administration of albendazole of 0.25 mg/kg body weight and Vitamin E of 0.01 mg/kg body weight used for 21 successive days to broiler chicken, the experiment was done on fifteen broiler chickens divided into three groups: group one was non-treated, group two was treated with albendazole of 0.25 mg/kg body weight and group three was treated in combination with vitamin E of 0.01 mg/kg body weight. The blood sample and tissue were taken at the end of experiment 12 hrs after the last dose. The experimental result revealed that the significant decrease of liver enzymes caused by albendazole like serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALT), when compared with the control group, the experimental result significant decrease in kidney parameters like urea creatinine level caused by albendazole and finally there was a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes activity like CAT, SOP, GPX and a significant decrease in MDA. Histopathology results in liver-treated animals with albendazole in combination with vitamin E showed dilated, congested Portal Blood Vessels (PBV, arrow), mild to moderate Biliary Proliferation (BP, arrow), portal Round Cells Aggregation (RCA, arrow), and focal Hepatocellular Degeneration (HCD, arrow). Histopathology results of kidney-treated animals with albendazole in combination with vitamin E showing a mild Per Tubular Edema (PTE arrow), focal Tubular Degeneration (TD arrow), Tubular Regeneration (TR, arrow), glomerular lobulation and atrophy (GL arrow), and beside interstitial cells aggregation (RCA arrow), H & EX 200. Therefore, vitamin E should be taken by albendazole to decrease its effect.","PeriodicalId":61886,"journal":{"name":"兽医学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2021.118019
Nadège Perier, D. Carithers, W. Everett, Phrutsamon Wongnak, K. Chalvet-Monfray, F. Beugnet
{"title":"Preference in Dogs of Two Oral Endectoparasiticide Formulations: NexGard Spectra® (Afoxolaner and Milbemycin Oxime) and Credelio® Plus (Lotilaner and Milbemycin Oxime)","authors":"Nadège Perier, D. Carithers, W. Everett, Phrutsamon Wongnak, K. Chalvet-Monfray, F. Beugnet","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2021.118019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2021.118019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":61886,"journal":{"name":"兽医学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2020.1012018
Olga Valeria Domínguez Jiménez, B. Pérez, T. A. C. Sánchez, C. Tovar, J. Bordes, Carlos Ignacio Soto Zárate
Propolis is a natural substance made from resins collected from trees and plants, and which bees combine with pollen, wax, and their own enzymes. It has a complex chemical composition that varies with the harvest season, vegetation type, bee species, and geographical region. Thanks to its components, it has valuable biological properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activity. For this study, a sample of propolis harvested in April 2019 was used, which came from a bee native to Mexico (Plebeia frontalis) in whose geographical environment there are seven other native species. Canine distemper virus is an RNA virus that causes a systemic infection with high fatality rates in guests without protective immunity. In this work, the antiviral effect of Plebeia frontalis propolis on canine distemper virus was tested, administering it one hour before and simultaneously to infection. The antiviral effect was evaluated by determining cellular viability with the MTT assay. The results obtained show that this propolis has a statistically significant antiviral effect on both treatments, although it is slightly better when applied one hour before viral infection, so we can recommend it as an antiviral treatment in both domestic animals and human beings. There are currently few studies of the antiviral effect of propolis, this being the first study of a melliponium propolis in veterinary medicine.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Propolis from Native Bees (Plebeia frontalis) against Canine Distemper Virus","authors":"Olga Valeria Domínguez Jiménez, B. Pérez, T. A. C. Sánchez, C. Tovar, J. Bordes, Carlos Ignacio Soto Zárate","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2020.1012018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.1012018","url":null,"abstract":"Propolis is a natural substance made from resins collected from trees and plants, and which bees combine with pollen, wax, and their own enzymes. It has a complex chemical composition that varies with the harvest season, vegetation type, bee species, and geographical region. Thanks to its components, it has valuable biological properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activity. For this study, a sample of propolis harvested in April 2019 was used, which came from a bee native to Mexico (Plebeia frontalis) in whose geographical environment there are seven other native species. Canine distemper virus is an RNA virus that causes a systemic infection with high fatality rates in guests without protective immunity. In this work, the antiviral effect of Plebeia frontalis propolis on canine distemper virus was tested, administering it one hour before and simultaneously to infection. The antiviral effect was evaluated by determining cellular viability with the MTT assay. The results obtained show that this propolis has a statistically significant antiviral effect on both treatments, although it is slightly better when applied one hour before viral infection, so we can recommend it as an antiviral treatment in both domestic animals and human beings. There are currently few studies of the antiviral effect of propolis, this being the first study of a melliponium propolis in veterinary medicine.","PeriodicalId":61886,"journal":{"name":"兽医学(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"207-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41760644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2020.1011017
Henry Velázquez Penagos, Leticia Galindo Rodríguez, M. Morales, C. Hidalgo, Martín Guillermo Maquivar Linfoot, F. M. Palacios
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the technological level in small-scale dual-purpose cow-calf Bos indicus female operations on the resumption of the ovarian activity post-partum. A total of 13 small scale dual-purpose Bos indicus × Bos taurus operations were included in this experiment and they were classified according to their technological status as: high technological status (HT), medium technological status (MT) and low technological status (LT). Ninety-three mature cows were treated with either a CIDR (controlled internal drug release device) with estradiol benzoate (CIDR+EB) or alone (CIDR). At day 9 all animals received intravaginally a CIDR for nine days. At day 0, the CIDR was withdrawn and 24 hours later one dose of estradiol benzoate was administered to 51 cows (17 in HT, 17 in MT and 17 in LT), the remaining animals (n = 42) did not receive the estradiol benzoate administration (14 in HT, 13 in MT and 15 in LT). Comparisons were performed on serum progesterone concentrations after CIDR treatment. By day 7 after implant withdrawal, the proportion of cows that resume ovarian activity detected by progesterone concentration increased in all technological level farms, no statistical main effect was observed within technological level. By day 17 there was a significant main effect of technological level (P = 0.05) on the proportion of animal that resumed the estrous cycles, but neither a main effect of treatment (P = 0.97) nor an interaction between technological level and treatment (P = 0.98). Furthermore, technological level of the farm showed a tendency (P = 0.07) to affect that resume the estrous activity, and a significant effect of treatment was observed (P = 0.005) but no interaction between technological level and treatment. The proportion of cows that showed estrus was different across technological level (P = 0.02), the highest proportion of cows showing estrus regardless of treatment was in the HT: 90% (40% CIDR and 50% CIDR+EB), MT: 50% (13.3% CIDR and 36.7% CIDR+EB) and in the LT: 50% (18.8% CIDR and 31.3% CIDR+EB). In conclusion, the combination of a progestogen and estradiol benzoate resulted in a high proportion of cows that were induced to resume the ovarian activity and this treatment was particularly beneficial in the medium and low technological status of the farms.
{"title":"Effect of the Technological Status of Small Cow-Calf Farm Producers on the Induction to Resumption of Ovarian Activity of Dual-Purpose Cattle Raised under Topical Conditions","authors":"Henry Velázquez Penagos, Leticia Galindo Rodríguez, M. Morales, C. Hidalgo, Martín Guillermo Maquivar Linfoot, F. M. Palacios","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2020.1011017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.1011017","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the technological level in small-scale dual-purpose cow-calf Bos indicus female operations on the resumption of the ovarian activity post-partum. A total of 13 small scale dual-purpose Bos indicus × Bos taurus operations were included in this experiment and they were classified according to their technological status as: high technological status (HT), medium technological status (MT) and low technological status (LT). Ninety-three mature cows were treated with either a CIDR (controlled internal drug release device) with estradiol benzoate (CIDR+EB) or alone (CIDR). At day 9 all animals received intravaginally a CIDR for nine days. At day 0, the CIDR was withdrawn and 24 hours later one dose of estradiol benzoate was administered to 51 cows (17 in HT, 17 in MT and 17 in LT), the remaining animals (n = 42) did not receive the estradiol benzoate administration (14 in HT, 13 in MT and 15 in LT). Comparisons were performed on serum progesterone concentrations after CIDR treatment. By day 7 after implant withdrawal, the proportion of cows that resume ovarian activity detected by progesterone concentration increased in all technological level farms, no statistical main effect was observed within technological level. By day 17 there was a significant main effect of technological level (P = 0.05) on the proportion of animal that resumed the estrous cycles, but neither a main effect of treatment (P = 0.97) nor an interaction between technological level and treatment (P = 0.98). Furthermore, technological level of the farm showed a tendency (P = 0.07) to affect that resume the estrous activity, and a significant effect of treatment was observed (P = 0.005) but no interaction between technological level and treatment. The proportion of cows that showed estrus was different across technological level (P = 0.02), the highest proportion of cows showing estrus regardless of treatment was in the HT: 90% (40% CIDR and 50% CIDR+EB), MT: 50% (13.3% CIDR and 36.7% CIDR+EB) and in the LT: 50% (18.8% CIDR and 31.3% CIDR+EB). In conclusion, the combination of a progestogen and estradiol benzoate resulted in a high proportion of cows that were induced to resume the ovarian activity and this treatment was particularly beneficial in the medium and low technological status of the farms.","PeriodicalId":61886,"journal":{"name":"兽医学(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45794788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-22DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2020.1010016
S. Nielsen, Conny Breining Madvig, A. Harrison
There is some discussion as to whether exercise-induced hyperthermia of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) affects tenocyte viability and pre-disposes to injury. Cold-therapy is commonly used as a preventative measure and treatment for acute tendon injuries, but only a few studies have evaluated the effect of cold-therapy on metacarpal temperatures in the horse. For this reason, this study has measured skin surface temperatures after moderate exercise and after application of cold-therapy, and additionally monitored the duration of any effects. Four horses were recruited into a semi blinded controlled study with repeated measurements that involved lunged exercise for 16 minutes at moderate intensity. Skin surface temperature was measured using a thermographic camera before and after lunging, and every 40 minutes for two hours post cold-therapy. Cold-therapy was applied using a Jacks Whirlpool Boot with ice-water immersion at a level just distal to the carpus for 20 minutes. The right leg was treated, and the left leg was used as an untreated control. The experiment was conducted twice on all four horses. Moderate exercise resulted in an increase in skin surface temperature of 10°C. Application of cold-therapy for 20 minutes resulted in a reduction in skin surface temperature by 14°C. The effect of cold-therapy persisted for at least 40 minutes post treatment. It is concluded that exercise leads to an increase in skin surface temperature which is counteracted by the application of cold-therapy. These findings would seem to indicate that cold-therapy can be used after exercise to counteract hyperthermia within the metacarpal region of the horse’s leg.
{"title":"An Investigation into Cold-Therapy of the Equine Metacarpus, Following Temperature Changes with Exercise as Well as Post Intervention","authors":"S. Nielsen, Conny Breining Madvig, A. Harrison","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2020.1010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.1010016","url":null,"abstract":"There is some discussion as to whether exercise-induced hyperthermia of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) affects tenocyte viability and pre-disposes to injury. Cold-therapy is commonly used as a preventative measure and treatment for acute tendon injuries, but only a few studies have evaluated the effect of cold-therapy on metacarpal temperatures in the horse. For this reason, this study has measured skin surface temperatures after moderate exercise and after application of cold-therapy, and additionally monitored the duration of any effects. Four horses were recruited into a semi blinded controlled study with repeated measurements that involved lunged exercise for 16 minutes at moderate intensity. Skin surface temperature was measured using a thermographic camera before and after lunging, and every 40 minutes for two hours post cold-therapy. Cold-therapy was applied using a Jacks Whirlpool Boot with ice-water immersion at a level just distal to the carpus for 20 minutes. The right leg was treated, and the left leg was used as an untreated control. The experiment was conducted twice on all four horses. Moderate exercise resulted in an increase in skin surface temperature of 10°C. Application of cold-therapy for 20 minutes resulted in a reduction in skin surface temperature by 14°C. The effect of cold-therapy persisted for at least 40 minutes post treatment. It is concluded that exercise leads to an increase in skin surface temperature which is counteracted by the application of cold-therapy. These findings would seem to indicate that cold-therapy can be used after exercise to counteract hyperthermia within the metacarpal region of the horse’s leg.","PeriodicalId":61886,"journal":{"name":"兽医学(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42363458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2020.109014
Cínthia Peres Camilo, M. Cardoso, P. Marchi, Fernando Galdino Ricci, Murilo Sousa Romeiro
Canine hypoadrenocorticism may be characterized by insufficiency of adrenocortical hormonal secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Clinical signs are nonspecific such as dehydration, hypovolemic shock, bradycardia, hypotension, emesis, diarrhea, among other clinical and laboratory changes, and can mimic other diseases, and because of this, the disease can go unnoticed by the veterinarian, increasing the mortality and morbidity of patients seen in emergency consultations. Despite being of low occurrence, hypoadrenocorticism is often underdiagnosed, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in the presence of gastrointestinal clinical signs or hypovolemic shock, and low Sodium:Potassium ratio. The definitive diagnosis is based on the dosage of cortisol before and after the application of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Acute treatment consists of patient stabilization, and chronic includes replacement of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Prognosis is usually favorable if the diagnosis is early and the correct treatment is performed. This article is a review focusing on clinical signs, laboratory findings, diagnosis and treatment on canine hypoadrenocorticism, to increase the knowledge about the disease to veterinarians.
{"title":"Canine Hypoadrenocorticism: A Bibliographic Review","authors":"Cínthia Peres Camilo, M. Cardoso, P. Marchi, Fernando Galdino Ricci, Murilo Sousa Romeiro","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2020.109014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.109014","url":null,"abstract":"Canine hypoadrenocorticism may be characterized by insufficiency of adrenocortical hormonal secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Clinical signs are nonspecific such as dehydration, hypovolemic shock, bradycardia, hypotension, emesis, diarrhea, among other clinical and laboratory changes, and can mimic other diseases, and because of this, the disease can go unnoticed by the veterinarian, increasing the mortality and morbidity of patients seen in emergency consultations. Despite being of low occurrence, hypoadrenocorticism is often underdiagnosed, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in the presence of gastrointestinal clinical signs or hypovolemic shock, and low Sodium:Potassium ratio. The definitive diagnosis is based on the dosage of cortisol before and after the application of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Acute treatment consists of patient stabilization, and chronic includes replacement of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Prognosis is usually favorable if the diagnosis is early and the correct treatment is performed. This article is a review focusing on clinical signs, laboratory findings, diagnosis and treatment on canine hypoadrenocorticism, to increase the knowledge about the disease to veterinarians.","PeriodicalId":61886,"journal":{"name":"兽医学(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"164-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2020.109013
Nadège Perier, D. Carithers, W. Everett, S. Gross, Phrutsamon Wongnak, K. Chalvet-Monfray, F. Beugnet
Pet owner compliance is essential for the success of veterinary healthcare strategies. As some parasites are zoonotic, consistent parasite control is an integral part of the One-Health strategy. Highly palatable formulations help ensure compliance, as they offer a positive experience for the dog and the owner. This study was conducted to ascertain if dogs exhibited a preference between two commercially available oral formulations of broad-spectrum endectoparasiticides, NexGard Spectra (afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime) and Simparica Trio (sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel). For four consecutive days, 100 healthy dogs were offered both products and consumption was recorded. If one product was more consumed than the other, it was defined as the preferred product. No adverse event was recorded throughout the study. A total of 358 chewable tablets were consumed over four study days; 78.5% of dogs voluntarily consumed NexGard Spectra (281 chews), while 21.5% of dogs voluntarily consumed Simparica Trio (77 chews, p p -16), resulting in a preference ratio of 17.75 to 1 for NexGard Spectra.
宠物主人的顺从是兽医保健策略成功的关键。由于有些寄生虫是人畜共患的，因此一贯的寄生虫控制是“一个健康”战略的一个组成部分。高度可口的配方有助于确保遵守，因为它们为狗和主人提供了积极的体验。本研究旨在确定狗是否对两种市售的广谱内源性寄生虫杀虫剂——NexGard Spectra(阿伏olaner和米霉素肟)和Simparica Trio (sarolaner、moxidectin和pyrantel)——表现出偏好。在连续四天的时间里，100只健康的狗被提供了产品，并记录了它们的消费情况。如果一种产品比另一种产品消耗更多，则将其定义为首选产品。在整个研究过程中没有不良事件的记录。在4天的研究中，总共吃了358片咀嚼片;78.5%的狗自愿食用NexGard Spectra(281嚼)，21.5%的狗自愿食用Simparica Trio(77嚼，p p -16)，对NexGard Spectra的偏好比为17.75:1。
{"title":"Preference of Dogs between Two Oral Formulations of Endectoparasiticides: NEXGARD SPECTRA® (Afoxolaner and Milbemycin Oxime) and Simparica TrioTM (Sarolaner, Moxidectin and Pyrantel)","authors":"Nadège Perier, D. Carithers, W. Everett, S. Gross, Phrutsamon Wongnak, K. Chalvet-Monfray, F. Beugnet","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2020.109013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.109013","url":null,"abstract":"Pet owner compliance is essential for the success of veterinary healthcare strategies. As some parasites are zoonotic, consistent parasite control is an integral part of the One-Health strategy. Highly palatable formulations help ensure compliance, as they offer a positive experience for the dog and the owner. This study was conducted to ascertain if dogs exhibited a preference between two commercially available oral formulations of broad-spectrum endectoparasiticides, NexGard Spectra (afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime) and Simparica Trio (sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel). For four consecutive days, 100 healthy dogs were offered both products and consumption was recorded. If one product was more consumed than the other, it was defined as the preferred product. No adverse event was recorded throughout the study. A total of 358 chewable tablets were consumed over four study days; 78.5% of dogs voluntarily consumed NexGard Spectra (281 chews), while 21.5% of dogs voluntarily consumed Simparica Trio (77 chews, p p -16), resulting in a preference ratio of 17.75 to 1 for NexGard Spectra.","PeriodicalId":61886,"journal":{"name":"兽医学(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47737765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2020.109015
Dakalo Dashe, A. Berhanu
Captivity of wild animals and restriction of their movement can lead to stress, resulting in suppressed immune response and reduced disease resistance ability. Wild animals in zoological gardens can predominately affected by various gastro-intestinal parasites. This study was therefore, conducted to determine occurrence, identify types and assess seasonal variation of gastrointestinal parasites in captive animals at the Zoological garden of Haramaya University. The study involved a retrospective investigation of zoo records and fecal examinations. Twenty two fecal samples were collected in December, 2013 from all the animals in the garden and examined using concentration and fecal culture techniques. Sampling was repeated after four months in April, 2014 to assess seasonal variations of the parasites. The result from the retrospective study showed death of 21 animals in the last five years. Fecal examination confirmed presence of gastrointestinal parasites with an overall mean prevalence rate of 73.8%. A total of 9 parasite taxa were identified of which 6 (66.67%) and 4 (33.33%) were helminths and protozoa respectively. No Cestode and Trematode species were recovered. Trichuris spp., Toxocara spp., Strongyloides spp., Toxascaris leonine, Passalurus ambiguous and Ascaridia spp. were the helminth parasites observed in the garden. Entamoeba spp., Isospora spp. and Eimeria spp. were the protozoan parasites encountered. No remarkable seasonal variation in parasitic infection was noticed in the garden. The study revealed occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in the zoological garden, most of which are zoonotic and hence future studies are needed to determine risks of cross-transmission.
{"title":"Study on Gastrointestinal Parasitism of Wild Animals in Captivity at the Zoological Garden of Haramaya University, Ethiopia","authors":"Dakalo Dashe, A. Berhanu","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2020.109015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.109015","url":null,"abstract":"Captivity of wild animals and restriction of their movement can lead to stress, resulting in suppressed immune response and reduced disease resistance ability. Wild animals in zoological gardens can predominately affected by various gastro-intestinal parasites. This study was therefore, conducted to determine occurrence, identify types and assess seasonal variation of gastrointestinal parasites in captive animals at the Zoological garden of Haramaya University. The study involved a retrospective investigation of zoo records and fecal examinations. Twenty two fecal samples were collected in December, 2013 from all the animals in the garden and examined using concentration and fecal culture techniques. Sampling was repeated after four months in April, 2014 to assess seasonal variations of the parasites. The result from the retrospective study showed death of 21 animals in the last five years. Fecal examination confirmed presence of gastrointestinal parasites with an overall mean prevalence rate of 73.8%. A total of 9 parasite taxa were identified of which 6 (66.67%) and 4 (33.33%) were helminths and protozoa respectively. No Cestode and Trematode species were recovered. Trichuris spp., Toxocara spp., Strongyloides spp., Toxascaris leonine, Passalurus ambiguous and Ascaridia spp. were the helminth parasites observed in the garden. Entamoeba spp., Isospora spp. and Eimeria spp. were the protozoan parasites encountered. No remarkable seasonal variation in parasitic infection was noticed in the garden. The study revealed occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in the zoological garden, most of which are zoonotic and hence future studies are needed to determine risks of cross-transmission.","PeriodicalId":61886,"journal":{"name":"兽医学(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"173-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44597069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-12DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2020.108011
Thalyta Ananias Lima, P. A. B. Salgado, C. Chagas, P. L. Ramos, E. A. Adriano, I. Gonzalez
Up until the recent past, zoos served limited function, primarily existing for entertainment value. Today’s zoos, however, are serving many roles, chief among them: species conservation of captive animals. The biggest zoo in Brazil, S?o Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, has among its 2000 animals and many species of wild cats. The presence of domestic cats living freely in zoos is common and can be a source of spreading disease. The aim of this study was to verify the variety and prevalence of parasites found in the feces of felids (feral and wild) living in the S?o Paulo Zoo. The results of this parasitological analysis have been obtained from the laboratory of clinical analysis and correspond to the 4-year period beginning January/2009 and ending December/2012. Eight species of parasites were identified in the feces of captive wild cats and three in the feces of feral cats. For those captives, Toxocara cati (7.95%) had the highest prevalence, followed by Toxascaris leonina (7.58%), Isospora sp. (2.03%), Hymenolepis nana (0.92%), Eimeria sp., Giardia sp. and Blastocystis sp. (0.37% each) and Ascaris sp. (0.18%). Among the feral cats, we found Toxocara cati (59.26%), Giardia sp. (22.22%) and Isospora sp. (11.11%). For the captive group, we also distinguished natives from exotic species, finding native species to be more frequently parasitized than the exotic ones. Key to our findings, though, was the fact that a few parasite species were found among all groups of felids, specifically (Toxocara cati, Giardia sp. and Isospora sp). Further research is needed, however, to confirm that transmission of these parasites is occurring between and among these groups.
{"title":"Feral Cats: Parasitic Reservoirs in Our Zoos?","authors":"Thalyta Ananias Lima, P. A. B. Salgado, C. Chagas, P. L. Ramos, E. A. Adriano, I. Gonzalez","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2020.108011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.108011","url":null,"abstract":"Up until the recent past, zoos served limited function, primarily \u0000existing for entertainment value. Today’s zoos, however, are serving many \u0000roles, chief among them: species conservation of captive animals. The biggest \u0000zoo in Brazil, S?o Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, has among its 2000 animals \u0000and many species of wild cats. The presence of domestic cats living freely in \u0000zoos is common and can be a source of spreading disease. The aim of this study \u0000was to verify the variety and prevalence of parasites found in the feces of \u0000felids (feral and wild) living in the S?o Paulo Zoo. The results of this \u0000parasitological analysis have been obtained from the laboratory of clinical \u0000analysis and correspond to the 4-year period beginning January/2009 and ending \u0000December/2012. Eight species of parasites were identified in the feces of \u0000captive wild cats and three in the feces of feral cats. For those captives, Toxocara cati (7.95%) had the highest prevalence, followed by Toxascaris leonina (7.58%), Isospora sp. (2.03%), Hymenolepis nana (0.92%), Eimeria sp., Giardia sp. and Blastocystis sp. (0.37% each) and Ascaris sp. (0.18%). Among the feral cats, we found Toxocara cati (59.26%), Giardia sp. (22.22%) and Isospora sp. (11.11%). For the captive group, we also \u0000distinguished natives from exotic species, finding native species to be more \u0000frequently parasitized than the exotic ones. Key to our findings, though, was \u0000the fact that a few parasite species were found among all groups of felids, specifically (Toxocara \u0000cati, Giardia sp. and Isospora sp). Further research is \u0000needed, however, to confirm that transmission of these parasites is occurring \u0000between and among these groups.","PeriodicalId":61886,"journal":{"name":"兽医学(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"126-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46663111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-12DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2020.108010
C. Romero, R. Heredia, L. Miranda, M. Arredondo
Equines are affected by a large number of endoparasites, these can cause gastrointestinal signs, respiratory, poor performance, slow growth and even cause sudden death. The presence of parasites can be associated with various factors related to the animal and environmental or geographical factors. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection and risk factors in horses were evaluated. Stool samples belonging to 218 horses from different regions of central Mexico were analyzed by coproparasitological concentration-flotation technique. The fecal examinations were carried out from February to August in 2017. Among the 218 samples that were examined, 103 (47.24%) were found to be positive with several gastrointestinal parasites, with Strongylus spp. being the most prevalent (23.85%) followed by Trichostrongylus spp. (21.56%) and Parascaris spp. (11.93%). Breed and place of origin were significantly associated with helminth infection. Sex was associated as a significant risk factor (p Strongylus spp. on females and by Anoplocephala, on males. In central Mexico, gastrointestinal helminth infection appears to be relatively low.
{"title":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Horses of Central Mexico","authors":"C. Romero, R. Heredia, L. Miranda, M. Arredondo","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2020.108010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.108010","url":null,"abstract":"Equines are affected by a large number of endoparasites, these can cause \u0000gastrointestinal signs, respiratory, poor performance, slow growth and even \u0000cause sudden death. The presence of parasites can be associated with various \u0000factors related to the animal and environmental or geographical factors. The \u0000prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection and risk factors in horses \u0000were evaluated. Stool samples belonging to 218 horses from different regions of central Mexico were analyzed by \u0000coproparasitological concentration-flotation technique. The fecal \u0000examinations were carried out from February to August in 2017. Among the 218 \u0000samples that were examined, 103 (47.24%) were found to be positive with several \u0000gastrointestinal parasites, with Strongylus spp. being the most \u0000prevalent (23.85%) followed by Trichostrongylus spp. (21.56%) and Parascaris spp. (11.93%). Breed and place of origin were significantly associated with \u0000helminth infection. Sex was associated as a significant risk factor (p Strongylus spp. on females and by Anoplocephala, \u0000on males. In central Mexico, gastrointestinal helminth infection appears to be \u0000relatively low.","PeriodicalId":61886,"journal":{"name":"兽医学(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"117-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44794171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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