The phenomenon of electrically induced generation of bremsstrahlung in water was experimentally observed for the first time when water was exposed to electric pulses with steep fronts. The dependence of the X-ray intensity on the frequency of electrical pulses and the magnitude of the potential difference applied to the electrodes in water has been studied. The physical mechanism of X-ray excitation in water with the formation of quasi-neutrons is proposed.
The optical detection of a nanosecond laser pulse in transparent ferrimagnetic single crystals of yttrium iron garnet and yttrium orthoferrite in the IR range at room temperature was experimentally studied. A linearly polarized neodymium laser (wavelength 1.06 μm) operating in the Q-switched mode was used as the source of electromagnetic radiation. The pulse duration was about 20 ns, and the peak power ∼10 MW. It was found that the ferrimagnetic detector has a sufficient response time to detect nanosecond laser pulses. The amplitude of the detected signal strongly depends on the external bias magnetic field and correlates well with the nonlinearity of the static magnetization curve of the ferrimagnetic crystal sample used.
The excitation functions in proton-induced reactions on natural gadolinium natGd(p,xn)152,153,154,156,160Tb were calculated for terbium isotopes, which are of interest from both scientific and application points of view. The calculations were performed in wide energy range of proton beam from the corresponding thresholds of reactions up to 70 MeV. The calculations were carried out using TALYS 1.96 and EMPIRE 3.2 nuclear reaction codes. Calculations have been done by different models inherent in these codes. The obtained results are compared with published experimental data. The discrepancies between experimental and theoretical data were discussed, which indicates the need to expand the experimental data base in order to improve the theoretical models.
The effect of a millimeter-wave range of electromagnetic waves (MM EMW) on methyl or crystal violet interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied using UV-denaturation, fluorescence spectroscopy, and CD spectroscopy methods. It was revealed that MM EMW irradiation results in the weakening of the stability of HSA and decreases the interaction force between HSA and methyl violet (MV). It was also shown that MM EMW irradiation by non-resonant frequency of the water affects the structure of HSA immediately, and changes its secondary structure, while the irradiation by water-resonant frequency does not invoke structural changes, but weakens the stability to a higher degree.
The results of FDTD modeling of the spectral reflection characteristics of periodic systems with unit cells in the form of cylinders and cones corresponding to the morphology of the porous and black silicon layer presented. The antireflection behavior of these systems with a characteristic size on the order of several hundreds of nanometers is analyzed. The properties of reflection depending on the geometric parameters of unit cells and the angle of incidence of light rays are investigated. It is shown that periodic systems with cones are superior in antireflection properties to systems with cylinders.
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