Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.4236/OJAS.2021.111003
M. Ward
Fish size and harvest density generally exhibit a negative relationship in pond culture, but the influence that pond substrate type can have on this relationship is not well understood. To evaluate the influence of pond substrate type on yellow perch (Perca flavescens), harvest density (number/hectare) was linearly regressed against individual fingerling size (grams) for lined (n = 48) and earthen (n = 40) substrate ponds that were treated similarly in terms of organic fertilizer use and the number of days in the pond over 12 culture seasons at Blue Dog Lake State Hatchery, South Dakota, USA. Harvest density explained 45 and 39% of the variation in yellow perch size in lined and earthen-substrate ponds (all P P = 0.62); however, fingerling size was significantly larger in lined ponds regardless of density that varied from near 0 to 700,000 per hectare (y-intercept comparison, P < 0.01). At the same harvest density, lined ponds will tend to produce larger yellow perch fingerlings compared to earthen ponds when similar organic fertilizers are used.
{"title":"Pond Substrate Type Affects Yellow Perch Fingerling Size at Harvest","authors":"M. Ward","doi":"10.4236/OJAS.2021.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJAS.2021.111003","url":null,"abstract":"Fish size and harvest density generally exhibit a negative relationship in pond culture, but the influence that pond substrate type can have on this relationship is not well understood. To evaluate the influence of pond substrate type on yellow perch (Perca flavescens), harvest density (number/hectare) was linearly regressed against individual fingerling size (grams) for lined (n = 48) and earthen (n = 40) substrate ponds that were treated similarly in terms of organic fertilizer use and the number of days in the pond over 12 culture seasons at Blue Dog Lake State Hatchery, South Dakota, USA. Harvest density explained 45 and 39% of the variation in yellow perch size in lined and earthen-substrate ponds (all P P = 0.62); however, fingerling size was significantly larger in lined ponds regardless of density that varied from near 0 to 700,000 per hectare (y-intercept comparison, P < 0.01). At the same harvest density, lined ponds will tend to produce larger yellow perch fingerlings compared to earthen ponds when similar organic fertilizers are used.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46346425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2021.113029
J. C. Carreira, Alba Valéria Machado da Silva
{"title":"The Role of Neutrophils in the Interaction with Leishmania: Far beyond a Simple Trojan Horse?","authors":"J. C. Carreira, Alba Valéria Machado da Silva","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2021.113029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2021.113029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2021.114045
J. Ndukui, J. Gikunju, G. Aboge, J. Mbaria
{"title":"Antimicrobial Use in Commercial Poultry Production Systems in Kiambu County, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Survey on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices","authors":"J. Ndukui, J. Gikunju, G. Aboge, J. Mbaria","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2021.114045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2021.114045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2021.114046
N. Nyangiwe, S. Goni, Thami Khethani, T. Thubela, M. Jansen, S. Mthi, M. Yawa, S. Tokozwayo, U. Gulwa, N. Mapholi, I. Jaja, L. Qokweni, Y. Mkabile, S. Magoda, Z. Ntondini, Z. Khumalo
{"title":"Ticks, Demographics, Vegetation Cover, and Farmer’s Age Influence Red Meat Production in Resource-Poor Regions of Eastern Cape Province of South Africa","authors":"N. Nyangiwe, S. Goni, Thami Khethani, T. Thubela, M. Jansen, S. Mthi, M. Yawa, S. Tokozwayo, U. Gulwa, N. Mapholi, I. Jaja, L. Qokweni, Y. Mkabile, S. Magoda, Z. Ntondini, Z. Khumalo","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2021.114046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2021.114046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/OJAS.2021.113027
Zaazaa Ahmed, Shraim Faisal, Abo Omar Jamal
The goal of this research was to improve the nutritive value of local wheat straw (WS) through treatment with fungi Pleurotus and to determine the nutrients digestibility using DaisyII technique. Results showed that fungal treated WS had more (P < 0.05) levels of dry matter (DM), ash and phosphorus (P) compared to the untreated WS. Moreover, fungal treatment had significant effect on reduction (P < 0.05) of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in crude protein (CP) content. Fungal treatment increased digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and gross energy (GE) by 12%, 27%, 28%, 2% and 12%, respectively. It can be concluded that fungal treatment has an advantage in upgrading raw WS.
{"title":"Upgrading of Raw Wheat Straw Applying Fungal Treatment","authors":"Zaazaa Ahmed, Shraim Faisal, Abo Omar Jamal","doi":"10.4236/OJAS.2021.113027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJAS.2021.113027","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research was to improve the nutritive value of local wheat straw (WS) through treatment with fungi Pleurotus and to determine the nutrients digestibility using DaisyII technique. Results showed that fungal treated WS had more (P < 0.05) levels of dry matter (DM), ash and phosphorus (P) compared to the untreated WS. Moreover, fungal treatment had significant effect on reduction (P < 0.05) of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in crude protein (CP) content. Fungal treatment increased digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and gross energy (GE) by 12%, 27%, 28%, 2% and 12%, respectively. It can be concluded that fungal treatment has an advantage in upgrading raw WS.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"376-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2020.104052
M. Abera, Y. Mummed, Mitiku Eshetu, F. Pilla, Z. Wondifraw
This study aimed at assessing perception of Fogera cattle farmers on climate change and variability in selected districts of Awi zone. The zone was classified as lowland (2500 m.a.s.l) based on altitudinal variation from which a total of three districts one per cluster were selected through random sampling. 150 households were selected through systematic random sampling targeting Fogera cattle owners for primary data collection. Over 36 years (from 1983-2019) of meteorological data were taken from the National Meteorological Agency. Meteorological data result confirmed that climate was changing across all the agro-ecological zones. Both the mean annual maximum and minimum temperature was considerably increasing for all agro-ecological zones whereas the mean annual rainfall was decreasing which is consistent with the farmers’ perception. Meteorological data result also showed that the short rainy and dry season rainfall indicated high interannual variability at all agro-ecological zones. Survey result revealed that 97.13% of the farmers recognized climate change and variability impact in all agro-ecological zones. About 80.91% of Fogera cattle farmers reported the incidence of negative impacts of climate change and variability on cattle. Chi-square test values of survey results show that in all agro-ecological zones frequency of drought, duration of dry spell, wind, and floods were ever-increasing (p < 0.001). Moreover, about 84.48%, 65.3%, and 60.47% of farmers owning Fogera cattle in the lowland, midland, and highland, respectively perceived the prevalence of increasing (p < 0.001) cattle mortality. In response to climate change and variability, farmers were reducing number of livestock, diversification of livestock species, and replacing Fogera cattle with small ruminants as adaptation strategies. Thus, regular prediction of climate change and variability and designing pertinent response strategies is essential to reduce the adverse impacts of climate change for enhancing resilience capacity of the Fogera cattle farmers in the study areas.
{"title":"Perception of Fogera Cattle Farmers on Climate Change and Variability in Awi Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Abera, Y. Mummed, Mitiku Eshetu, F. Pilla, Z. Wondifraw","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2020.104052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2020.104052","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at assessing perception of Fogera cattle farmers on climate change and variability in selected districts of Awi zone. The zone was classified as lowland (2500 m.a.s.l) based on altitudinal variation from which a total of three districts one per cluster were selected through random sampling. 150 households were selected through systematic random sampling targeting Fogera cattle owners for primary data collection. Over 36 years (from 1983-2019) of meteorological data were taken from the National Meteorological Agency. Meteorological data result confirmed that climate was changing across all the agro-ecological zones. Both the mean annual maximum and minimum temperature was considerably increasing for all agro-ecological zones whereas the mean annual rainfall was decreasing which is consistent with the farmers’ perception. Meteorological data result also showed that the short rainy and dry season rainfall indicated high interannual variability at all agro-ecological zones. Survey result revealed that 97.13% of the farmers recognized climate change and variability impact in all agro-ecological zones. About 80.91% of Fogera cattle farmers reported the incidence of negative impacts of climate change and variability on cattle. Chi-square test values of survey results show that in all agro-ecological zones frequency of drought, duration of dry spell, wind, and floods were ever-increasing (p < 0.001). Moreover, about 84.48%, 65.3%, and 60.47% of farmers owning Fogera cattle in the lowland, midland, and highland, respectively perceived the prevalence of increasing (p < 0.001) cattle mortality. In response to climate change and variability, farmers were reducing number of livestock, diversification of livestock species, and replacing Fogera cattle with small ruminants as adaptation strategies. Thus, regular prediction of climate change and variability and designing pertinent response strategies is essential to reduce the adverse impacts of climate change for enhancing resilience capacity of the Fogera cattle farmers in the study areas.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47499023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2020.104049
F. Tendonkeng, E. Miégoué, Bertine Marie Noël Noumbissi, David Fokom Wauffo, Hervé Mube Kuitche, Dayan Ebile Agwah
The reduced efficiency of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock, and the unavoidable residual effects on livestock products such as egg, meat and milk have pushed researchers to rush towards the use of phytobiotics in animal feed. This study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang to evaluate the Effect of Cucurma longa powder as feed additive on hemato-serological parameters in Guinea pigs. A total of 120 three weeks old Guinea pigs (60 males and 60 females), with an average weight of 150 ± 20 g were used. The animals were randomly distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design with 30 animals per treatment (15 males and 15 females). Four experimental treatments were used by adding 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% C. longa in the diet corresponding to R0, R0.25%, R0.5% and R1% respectively. At the 8th week of age, 12 Guinea pigs (6 males and 6 females) per treatment were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was rapidly collected from the jugular vein for the evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that the inclusion of Curcuma longa at 0.25% significantly (p Curcuma longa powder at 0.25% as feed additive positively regulates blood serum parameters of Guinea pigs.
{"title":"Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Curcuma longa Powder on Haematology and Serological Properties of Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)","authors":"F. Tendonkeng, E. Miégoué, Bertine Marie Noël Noumbissi, David Fokom Wauffo, Hervé Mube Kuitche, Dayan Ebile Agwah","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2020.104049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2020.104049","url":null,"abstract":"The reduced efficiency of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock, and the unavoidable residual effects on livestock products such as egg, meat and milk have pushed researchers to rush towards the use of phytobiotics in animal feed. This study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang to evaluate the Effect of Cucurma longa powder as feed additive on hemato-serological parameters in Guinea pigs. A total of 120 three weeks old Guinea pigs (60 males and 60 females), with an average weight of 150 ± 20 g were used. The animals were randomly distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design with 30 animals per treatment (15 males and 15 females). Four experimental treatments were used by adding 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% C. longa in the diet corresponding to R0, R0.25%, R0.5% and R1% respectively. At the 8th week of age, 12 Guinea pigs (6 males and 6 females) per treatment were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was rapidly collected from the jugular vein for the evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that the inclusion of Curcuma longa at 0.25% significantly (p Curcuma longa powder at 0.25% as feed additive positively regulates blood serum parameters of Guinea pigs.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46086237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2020.104050
Yaliska Moreno González, J. Iorio, María Florencia Olmeda, D. Curletto, D. Scandolo, M. Maciel, A. Cuatrín, R. A. Palladino, C. Pérez, E. Salado
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplying calcium salts of linseed oil (Ca-FA) rich in omega-3 (α-linolenic acid) on the production and chemical composition of milk and its nutraceutical value in dairy cows in early lactation. The trial lasted 12 weeks (2 weeks for adaptation to lipids and 10 weeks of data collection). A total of 36 Holstein dairy cows with 58.0 ± 17.0 days in milk (DIM), 594.1 ± 92.4 kg BW, 2.6 ± 1.5 parity and 38.9 ± 9.3 kg milk day-1 were used in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were: 1) Omega-3 (O3): 5.2 kg DM day-1 of concentrate including 0.7 kg DM of Ca-FA + 13.5 kg DM day-1 of partial mixed ration (PMR) + 12 kg DM day-1 of alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa) and 2) Control (C): diet similar to O3 but lipid supplementation was replaced by cracked corn grain so that the diets were isoenergetic. No treatment effect was detected (P > 0.05) for any milk production and composition variables, except for urea in milk that was slightly higher in O3 (P = 0.02). The treatment × week interaction was significant (P ·day-1 and 3.86% vs. 3.23% for fat yield and content, respectively). Total DMI and PMR were similar (P > 0.05) between treatments. Concentrate intake was higher (P 0.05) in rumen environment parameters. Supplementation with Ca-FA reduced (P 18:3n-3) increased (108%, P kg·day-1) improved the healthy value of the milk.
本研究的目的是确定供应富含ω-3（α-亚麻酸）的亚麻籽油钙盐对泌乳早期奶牛乳汁生产和化学成分的影响及其营养价值。试验持续了12周（适应脂质2周，数据收集10周）。在一项随机完全区组设计中，共使用了36头荷斯坦奶牛，其产奶天数为58.0±17.0天，体重为594.1±92.4 kg，产奶量为2.6±1.5，产奶日为38.9±9.3 kg。处理为：1）Omega-3（O3）：5.2 kg DM第1天的浓缩物，包括0.7 kg DM的Ca FA+13.5 kg DM第2天的部分混合日粮（PMR）+12 kg DM第3天的苜蓿牧场（Medicago sativa）。除O3中尿素含量略高（P=0.02）外，任何产奶量和成分变量均未检测到处理效果（P>0.05）。处理×周的相互作用显著（脂肪产量和含量分别为3.86%和3.23%）。总DMI和PMR在不同处理之间相似（P>0.05）。瘤胃环境参数中精料摄入量较高（P＜0.05）。添加Ca FA降低（P 18:3n-3），增加（P kg·day－1，增加108%），提高了牛奶的健康价值。
{"title":"Feeding Calcium Salts of Linseed Oil on Productive Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Grazing Dairy Cows","authors":"Yaliska Moreno González, J. Iorio, María Florencia Olmeda, D. Curletto, D. Scandolo, M. Maciel, A. Cuatrín, R. A. Palladino, C. Pérez, E. Salado","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2020.104050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2020.104050","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplying calcium salts of linseed oil (Ca-FA) rich in omega-3 (α-linolenic acid) on the production and chemical composition of milk and its nutraceutical value in dairy cows in early lactation. The trial lasted 12 weeks (2 weeks for adaptation to lipids and 10 weeks of data collection). A total of 36 Holstein dairy cows with 58.0 ± 17.0 days in milk (DIM), 594.1 ± 92.4 kg BW, 2.6 ± 1.5 parity and 38.9 ± 9.3 kg milk day-1 were used in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were: 1) Omega-3 (O3): 5.2 kg DM day-1 of concentrate including 0.7 kg DM of Ca-FA + 13.5 kg DM day-1 of partial mixed ration (PMR) + 12 kg DM day-1 of alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa) and 2) Control (C): diet similar to O3 but lipid supplementation was replaced by cracked corn grain so that the diets were isoenergetic. No treatment effect was detected (P > 0.05) for any milk production and composition variables, except for urea in milk that was slightly higher in O3 (P = 0.02). The treatment × week interaction was significant (P ·day-1 and 3.86% vs. 3.23% for fat yield and content, respectively). Total DMI and PMR were similar (P > 0.05) between treatments. Concentrate intake was higher (P 0.05) in rumen environment parameters. Supplementation with Ca-FA reduced (P 18:3n-3) increased (108%, P kg·day-1) improved the healthy value of the milk.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42950121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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