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Tracking genetically modified (GM) rice ingredients in samples of packed rice and food products from the marketplace in India: a pilot study for regulatory compliance 追踪印度市场上包装大米和食品样本中的转基因大米成分:一项合规性试点研究
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-024-00892-3
Uma Bharti, Priyanshi Gaur, Kushaldeep Kaur, Monika Singh

Purpose

More than 20 genetically modified (GM) food crops including rice have been approved in many countries. GM rice and derived products have not yet been approved in India so they are considered as unauthorized genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the country. Therefore it is important to track whether the rice containing food items, available in the marketplace are GMO-free.

Methods

A pilot study was conducted to check the GM status of 30 samples of packed rice grains and processed food products with rice as an ingredient, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35 S promoter (P-35 S), nopaline synthase terminator (T-nos), phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (pat) and cry1Ac gene, which could cover screening for all the globally approved GM rice events.

Results

Based on the results, none of the samples tested were found positive for P-35 S, T-nos, pat and cry1Ac.

Conclusion

The unauthorized presence of GM rice ingredients was not detected in the samples tested. Such studies may further be conducted for the testing of GM ingredients derived from cereals other than rice in the food products imported from the country where GM events of respective cereal crop are approved, as a part of regulatory requirement.

目的 许多国家已批准包括水稻在内的 20 多种转基因粮食作物。印度尚未批准转基因大米及其衍生产品,因此它们在印度被视为未经批准的转基因生物(GMOs)。因此,跟踪市场上含有大米的食品是否不含转基因生物非常重要。方法采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测法,针对菜花花叶病毒 35 S 启动子(P-35 S)、罂粟碱合成酶终止子(T-nos)、膦丝菌素-N-乙酰转移酶(pat)和 cry1Ac 基因,对 30 个包装米粒样本和含有大米成分的加工食品的转基因状态进行检测,该检测法可涵盖对全球批准的所有转基因大米事件的筛查。结果根据结果,所检测的样本中没有发现 P-35S、T-nos、pat 和 cry1Ac 基因呈阳性。作为监管要求的一部分,可进一步开展此类研究,以检测从批准相关谷物作物基因改造事件的国家进口的食品中是否含有从大米以外的谷物中提取的基因改造成分。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Fe/Al oxyhydroxides and soil organic matter on the adsorption of Pb onto natural stream sediment 铁/铝氧氢氧化物和土壤有机质对天然溪流沉积物吸附铅的影响
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-024-00894-1
Pankaj Bakshe, Ravin Jugade

Adsorption of heavy metals on stream sediments has important implications for the fate and transport of contaminants in subsurface ecosystems. Lead (Pb) is a potentially hazardous heavy metal that is found in high amounts in anthropogenic environments, especially aquatic ecosystems. The key mechanisms for distributing this metal in the environment are adsorption and desorption in stream to sediment, and vice versa. Therefore, this work is mainly focused on the study of the influence of amorphous Fe/Al-oxyhydroxides and soil organic matter (SOM) on the adsorption of Pb onto natural stream sediment. Spiking adsorption experiments were carried out with four types of samples namely, untreated dried sediment, Fe/Al-oxyhydroxides depleted sediment, SOM depleted sediment and both Fe/Al as well as SOM depleted sediment in the pH range of 3.0 to 8.0. The results showed that Pb adsorption was reduced by up to 45% in amorphous Fe/Al-oxyhydroxide depleted sediment at pH 4.0 to 6.0, whereas a similar adsorption reduction was observed in SOM depleted sediment at pH 6.5 to 7.5. Maximum Pb adsorption was reduced by up to 75% in both amorphous Fe/Al-oxyhydroxides and SOM depleted sediment samples at pH ranges ranging from 3.0 to 7.0. Furthermore, it was shown that SOM was most significant at pH 6.5, while Fe/Al-oxyhydroxides were more important when pH was > 6.5 for the Pb adsorption in natural stream sediment.

溪流沉积物对重金属的吸附对污染物在地下生态系统中的归宿和迁移具有重要影响。铅(Pb)是一种潜在的有害重金属,在人为环境,尤其是水生生态系统中含量很高。这种金属在环境中分布的关键机制是溪流对沉积物的吸附和解吸,反之亦然。因此,这项工作主要侧重于研究无定形铁/铝氧氢氧化物和土壤有机质(SOM)对天然溪流沉积物吸附铅的影响。在 pH 值为 3.0 至 8.0 的范围内,对四种类型的样品进行了加标吸附实验,即未经处理的干燥沉积物、贫化铁/铝氧氢氧化物的沉积物、贫化土壤有机质的沉积物以及同时贫化铁/铝和土壤有机质的沉积物。结果表明,在 pH 值为 4.0 至 6.0 的无定形贫化铁/铝-氧化物沉积物中,铅的吸附量减少了 45%,而在 pH 值为 6.5 至 7.5 的贫化 SOM 沉积物中,也观察到了类似的吸附量减少。在 pH 值为 3.0 至 7.0 的范围内,无定形铁/铝氧氢氧化物和 SOM 贫化沉积物样本中的最大铅吸附量减少了 75%。此外,pH 值为 6.5 时,SOM 对天然溪流沉积物中的铅吸附作用最大,而当 pH 值为 6.5 时,Fe/Al-氧氢氧化物的作用更大。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and characterization of CS/PAT/ MWCNT@MgAl-LDHs nanocomposite for Cd2+ removal and 4-nitrophenol reduction 用于去除镉2+和还原 4-硝基苯酚的 CS/PAT/ MWCNT@MgAl-LDHs 纳米复合材料的制备与表征
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00885-8
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei

The present study evaluated the performance of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)@MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles loaded on poly-2 aminothiazole (PAT)/chitosan (CS) matrix (CPML) to remove Cd2+ ions from aqueous solution. The removal efficiency of modified CS/PAT with MWCNT@MgAl-LDHs was increased significantly compared to pure CS/PAT. The influence of heavy metal ion concentration, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on the adsorption was examined. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of Cd2+ ions were 25 0C with the adsorbent dosage of 0.06 g and initial concentration for adsorption of the Cd2+ 100 mg/L at pH = 8. The maximum adsorption capacity was measured to be 1106.19 mg/g. The values of thermodynamic parameters namely Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), entropy change (ΔS°), and enthalpy change (ΔH°) indicated the feasibility, spontaneity and the endothermic nature of the adsorption process, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model were selected as the best models for the adsorption process. Also, CPML nanocomposite (NC) was successfully tested for p-nitrophenol (p-NP) reduction in the presence of NaBH4. The reaction was nearly completed in 6 min. The fabricated CPML-NC could be reused for three consecutive cycles.

本研究评估了负载在聚 2 氨基噻唑(PAT)/壳聚糖(CS)基质(CPML)上的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)@MgAl-层状双氢氧化物(LDH)纳米粒子去除水溶液中 Cd2+ 离子的性能。与纯 CS/PAT 相比,添加了 MWCNT@MgAl-LDHs 的改性 CS/PAT 的去除率显著提高。考察了重金属离子浓度、pH 值、温度、吸附剂用量和接触时间对吸附的影响。Cd2+ 离子的最佳吸附条件为 25 0C,吸附剂用量为 0.06 g,吸附 Cd2+ 的初始浓度为 100 mg/L,pH = 8。测得最大吸附容量为 1106.19 毫克/克。热力学参数值,即吉布斯自由能(ΔG°)、熵变(ΔS°)和焓变(ΔH°)分别表明了吸附过程的可行性、自发性和内热性。假二阶动力学和 Langmuir 模型被选为吸附过程的最佳模型。此外,还成功地测试了 CPML 纳米复合材料(NC)在 NaBH4 存在下的对硝基苯酚(p-NP)还原反应。反应几乎在 6 分钟内完成。制备的 CPML-NC 可连续重复使用三次。
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引用次数: 0
Biodegradation behaviour of pharmaceutical compounds and selected metabolites in activated sludge. A forecasting decision system approach 活性污泥中药物化合物和特定代谢物的生物降解行为。预测决策系统方法
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00890-x
Carmen Fernández-López, Mariano González García, Andrés Bueno-Crespo, Raquel Martínez-España

Society's support upon chemicals over the last few decades has led to their increased production, application and discharge into the environment. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contain a multitude of these chemicals such us; pharmaceutical compounds (PCs). Often, their biodegradability by activated sludge microorganisms is significant for their elimination during wastewater treatment. In this paper the focus is laid on two PCs carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) and their main transformation products (TPs). Laboratory degradation tests with these two pharmaceuticals using activated sludge as inoculum under aerobic conditions were performed and microbial metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). In two different Mixed liquid Suspended Solids (MLSS) concentrations the biodegradability by activated sludge of CBZ and DCF were evaluated. Also, this article proposes a decision support system to optimize the prediction process of this type of pharmacological compounds. A study and analysis of the techniques of Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Decision Trees and Multilayer Perceptron Network is carried out to select the most reliable and accurate predictor for the decision system. There are not significant differences in the removal of DCF with 30 mg MLSS/L and 60 mg MLSS/L. DCF was better removed than CBZ in all experiments studied. The TP detected in the samples were mainly 4-OH-DCF for DCF and 10, 11 EPOXICBZ for CBZ. The results show that the best models are obtained with Random Forest and Multilayer Perceptron Network techniques, with a model fit of more than 95% for both carbamazepine and diclofenac metabolites. Obtaining a root means square errors of 0.80 µg/L for the metabolite 4-OH-DCF for DCF with the technique Random Forest and a root means square errors of 1.13 µg/L for the metabolite 10, 11 EPOXICBZ for CBZ with the Multilayer Perceptron Network technique.

摘要 过去几十年来,社会对化学品的支持导致化学品的生产、应用和向环境中的排放不断增加。污水处理厂(WWTPs)中含有大量此类化学品,如药物化合物(PCs)。通常情况下,活性污泥微生物的生物降解能力对于在废水处理过程中消除这些化学物质非常重要。本文的重点是两种多氯联苯卡马西平(CBZ)和双氯芬酸(DCF)及其主要转化产物(TPs)。以活性污泥为接种物,在好氧条件下对这两种药物进行了实验室降解试验,并采用液相色谱-质谱法(LC/MS-MS)对微生物代谢产物进行了分析。在两种不同的混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)浓度下,评估了活性污泥对 CBZ 和 DCF 的生物降解能力。此外,本文还提出了一种决策支持系统,用于优化此类药理化合物的预测过程。通过对支持向量机、随机森林、决策树和多层感知器网络等技术的研究和分析,为决策系统选择了最可靠、最准确的预测因子。30 毫克 MLSS/L 和 60 毫克 MLSS/L 对 DCF 的去除率差异不大。在所研究的所有实验中,DCF 的去除效果均优于 CBZ。样品中检测到的 TP 主要是 DCF 的 4-OH-DCF 和 CBZ 的 10, 11 EPOXICBZ。结果表明,使用随机森林和多层感知器网络技术可获得最佳模型,卡马西平和双氯芬酸代谢物的模型拟合度均超过 95%。使用随机森林技术,DCF 的代谢物 4-OH-DCF 的均方根误差为 0.80 µg/L;使用多层感知器网络技术,CBZ 的代谢物 10, 11 EPOXICBZ 的均方根误差为 1.13 µg/L。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanisms of microbial resistance against cadmium – a review 微生物抗镉机制综述
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00887-6
Monu Sharma, Sonu Sharma,  Paavan, Mahiti Gupta, Soniya Goyal, Daizee Talukder, Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar, Raman Kumar, Ahmad Umar, Abdulrab Ahmed M. Alkhanjaf, Sotirios Baskoutas

The escalating cadmium influx from industrial activities and anthropogenic sources has raised serious environmental concerns due to its toxic effects on ecosystems and human health. This review delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying microbial resistance to cadmium, shedding light on the multifaceted interplay between microorganisms and this hazardous heavy metal. Cadmium overexposure elicits severe health repercussions, including renal carcinoma, mucous membrane degradation, bone density loss, and kidney stone formation in humans. Moreover, its deleterious impact extends to animal and plant metabolism. While physico-chemical methods like reverse osmosis and ion exchange are employed to mitigate cadmium contamination, their costliness and incomplete efficacy necessitate alternative strategies. Microbes, particularly bacteria and fungi, exhibit remarkable resilience to elevated cadmium concentrations through intricate resistance mechanisms. This paper elucidates the ingenious strategies employed by these microorganisms to combat cadmium stress, encompassing metal ion sequestration, efflux pumps, and enzymatic detoxification pathways. Bioremediation emerges as a promising avenue for tackling cadmium pollution, leveraging microorganisms' ability to transform toxic cadmium forms into less hazardous derivatives. Unlike conventional methods, bioremediation offers a cost-effective, environmentally benign, and efficient approach. This review amalgamates the current understanding of microbial cadmium resistance mechanisms, highlighting their potential for sustainable remediation strategies. By unraveling the intricate interactions between microorganisms and cadmium, this study contributes to advancing our knowledge of bioremediation approaches, thereby paving the way for safer and more effective cadmium mitigation practices.

由于镉对生态系统和人类健康的毒性影响,来自工业活动和人为来源的镉流入量不断增加,引起了严重的环境问题。这篇综述深入探讨了微生物抗镉的复杂机制,揭示了微生物与这种有害重金属之间多方面的相互作用。过量接触镉会对人体健康造成严重影响,包括肾癌、粘膜退化、骨密度下降和肾结石形成。此外,其有害影响还延伸到动物和植物的新陈代谢。虽然人们采用反渗透和离子交换等物理化学方法来减轻镉污染,但这些方法成本高昂且效果不佳,因此有必要采用其他策略。微生物,尤其是细菌和真菌,通过复杂的抗镉机制,对镉浓度的升高表现出卓越的适应能力。本文阐明了这些微生物对抗镉胁迫的巧妙策略,包括金属离子螯合、外排泵和酶解毒途径。利用微生物将有毒镉形式转化为危害较小的衍生物的能力,生物修复成为解决镉污染问题的一条大有可为的途径。与传统方法不同,生物修复提供了一种成本效益高、对环境无害且高效的方法。这篇综述综合了目前对微生物抗镉机制的理解,强调了它们在可持续修复战略中的潜力。通过揭示微生物与镉之间错综复杂的相互作用,这项研究有助于增进我们对生物修复方法的了解,从而为更安全、更有效的镉缓解措施铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Simultaneous removal of phenoxy herbicides, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous media by magnetized MgAl-LDH@Fe3O4 composite: application of partial least squares and Doehlert experimental design 磁化 MgAl-LDH@Fe3O4 复合材料同时去除水介质中的苯氧除草剂、2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸和 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸:偏最小二乘法和 Doehlert 试验设计的应用
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00877-8
Abdolraouf Samadi-Maybodi, Hashem Ghezel-Sofla, Pourya BiParva

Today, the excessive and increasing use of phenoxy family herbicides such as 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and (2,4- dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-DCPA) for reasons such as indestructibility and pollution of groundwater resources is one of the most important environmental problems. Pesticide adsorbents like layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are commonly utilized due to their straightforward synthesis, substantial specific surface area resulting from their layered structure, and the potential for surface modification. These natural minerals serve as effective options for adsorption. In this study, a co-precipitation approach was used to create an MgAl-LDH@Fe3O4 magnetic adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of MCPA and 2,4-DCPA herbicides from aqueous solution. Using different techniques such as TGA, XRD, FESEM, EDS and zeta potential, we investigated the properties of the prepared adsorbent. The partial least squares method measures the concentration of each herbicide in their mixture. The optimization of MCPA and 2,4-DCPA simultaneous adsorption by LDH was achieved through Doehlert experimental design and the response surface method. The optimal conditions for absorption were determined to be an adsorbent dose of 40.20 mg L-1, a pH of 6.8, and an initial concentration of 28.35 mg L-1. In this work, the equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic absorption data of the absorption process were studied, and the obtained results were well described by the Freundlich model, and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively, and showed the spontaneity of the absorption process in this research. The highest absorption capacities of MCPA and 2.4-DCPA herbicides on the prepared adsorbent were 134.50 and 131.30 mg g-1, respectively.

Graphical abstract

如今,2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸(MCPA)和(2,4-二氯苯氧)乙酸(2,4-DCPA)等苯氧族除草剂因其难治性和污染地下水资源等原因被过量使用,而且使用量还在不断增加,这已成为最重要的环境问题之一。层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)等农药吸附剂因其合成简便、层状结构产生的巨大比表面积以及表面改性的潜力而被广泛使用。这些天然矿物是吸附的有效选择。本研究采用共沉淀方法制备了 MgAl-LDH@Fe3O4 磁性吸附剂,用于同时去除水溶液中的 MCPA 和 2,4-DCPA 除草剂。我们利用 TGA、XRD、FESEM、EDS 和 zeta 电位等不同技术研究了所制备吸附剂的特性。偏最小二乘法测量了每种除草剂在其混合物中的浓度。通过 Doehlert 实验设计和响应面法,实现了 LDH 对 MCPA 和 2,4-DCPA 同时吸附的优化。吸附剂剂量为 40.20 mg L-1,pH 值为 6.8,初始浓度为 28.35 mg L-1。本研究对吸收过程的平衡吸收数据、动力学吸收数据和热力学吸收数据进行了研究,所得结果分别用 Freundlich 模型和伪二阶模型进行了很好的描述,表明了本研究中吸收过程的自发性。制备的吸附剂对 MCPA 和 2.4-DCPA 除草剂的最高吸收能力分别为 134.50 和 131.30 mg g-1。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of divalent mercury removal from synthetic wastewater using desirability function in central composite design of response surface methodology 在响应面方法的中央复合设计中使用可取函数优化合成废水中的二价汞去除率
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00888-5
Jonas Bayuo, Mwemezi J. Rwiza, Kelvin Mark Mtei

Heavy metals exist in the ecosystem both naturally and due to anthropogenic activities and as recalcitrant pollutants; they are non-biodegradable and cause acute and chronic diseases to human beings and many lifeforms. A statistical experimental approach was applied in this current study to optimize the detoxification of mercury [Hg(II)] from mono-component biosorption system by a novel hybrid granular activated carbon (biosorbent) prepared from maize plant residues. The analysis of variance by the application of central composite design shows that all the studied independent factors greatly influence Hg(II) removal efficiency and uptake capacity. The optimum experimental condition of 30 min contact time, 0.5 g/L biosorbent dosage, and 15 mg/L initial Hg(II) concentration were achieved after seeking 20 optimization solutions at 0.903 desirability. The optimum percentage removal and uptake capacity of Hg(II) at the optimal experimental setup was 96.7% and 10.8 mg/g, respectively. To confirm the quadratic models developed for the prediction of the responses as a function of the independent factors, confirmatory laboratory experiments were performed at the optimum condition. The results show that at the established best experimental condition, the optimum Hg(II) removal efficiency of 98.3% and uptake capacity of 11.2 mg/g were attained, which were within the prediction intervals indicating the suitability of the quadratic models in predicting future cases. The TEM and XRD analyses show that the Hg(II) ions were adsorbed by the biosorbent successfully and this suggests the potential and applicability of this novel biosorbent in treating water contaminants, especially heavy metals.

重金属作为难降解污染物存在于生态系统中,既有天然存在的,也有人为活动造成的;它们不可生物降解,会对人类和多种生命形式造成急性和慢性疾病。本研究采用统计实验方法,优化玉米植物残渣制备的新型混合颗粒活性炭(生物吸附剂)对单组分生物吸附系统中的汞[Hg(II)]的解毒效果。采用中心复合设计法进行的方差分析表明,所有研究的独立因素都对 Hg(II)的去除效率和吸收能力有很大影响。在寻求了 20 个理想度为 0.903 的优化方案后,得到了最佳实验条件:接触时间为 30 分钟、生物吸附剂用量为 0.5 g/L、初始 Hg(II)浓度为 15 mg/L。在最佳实验设置下,对 Hg(II)的最佳去除率和吸收率分别为 96.7% 和 10.8 mg/g。为了确认为预测反应作为独立因素的函数而建立的二次模型,在最佳条件下进行了确认实验室实验。结果表明,在设定的最佳实验条件下,最佳汞(II)去除率为 98.3%,吸收能力为 11.2 mg/g,均在预测范围内,这表明二次模型适合预测未来的情况。TEM 和 XRD 分析表明,生物吸附剂成功地吸附了 Hg(II)离子,这表明这种新型生物吸附剂在处理水污染物(尤其是重金属)方面具有潜力和适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Plasma pyrolysis feasibility study of Spent Caustic waste to hydrogen production 废碱渣等离子体热解制氢可行性研究
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00886-7
Rasoul Aghayee, Mohammadreza Khani, Farzaneh Ostovarpour, Mohammad Sadegh Abbassi Shanbehbazari, Mojtaba Shafiei, Mahtab Gharibi, Babak Mohammadhosseini, Babak Shokri

Spent caustic is a used industrial caustic whose chemical content puts it in the special waste category. The disposal of this waste and the production of value-added products from it has attracted the attention of researchers not only to solve environmental problems but also to take advantage of its byproducts. This research has experimentally proved the transferred thermal plasma technology as a practical method feasible for the disposal of spent caustic. In this study, the applied voltage, electrical current, and feed rate are variable parameters, and others are kept constant. GC analysis showed H2 as the main product, which is environmentally beneficial. The percentage of hydrogen production of approximately 74% is a promising result, considering the difficulty of achieving such a high percentage of hydrogen.

废烧碱是一种废旧工业烧碱,其化学成分属于特殊废物。这种废物的处理和从中生产增值产品引起了研究人员的注意,不仅要解决环境问题,而且要利用其副产品。实验证明了转移热等离子体技术是一种切实可行的废碱液处理方法。在本研究中,施加电压、电流和进给速度为可变参数,其他参数为恒定参数。气相色谱分析表明,主要产物为H2,对环境有利。考虑到实现如此高的氢气比例的难度,大约74%的氢气产量是一个很有希望的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Status of antibiotic residues in milk and dairy products of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis 伊朗牛奶和乳制品中抗生素残留的现状:系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00889-4
Fatemeh Fatemi, Mahmood Alizadeh Sani, Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori, Mohammad Hashemi

Background

Today, antibiotics are widely used for treatment and feed additives to enhance livestock growth. Antibiotic residues may be found in food of animal origin for various reasons, including ignoring the withdrawal period after treatment, overuse for animals, and contamination of feed with treated animals in animal products. Among animal products, dairy products have a special place in the human diet, and antibiotic residues in them have caused a great deal of concern among consumers.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and compare studies conducted in Iran on antibiotic residues in dairy products during 2000–2022.

Methods

In this review, 52 eligible studies were collected by searching the Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Google Scholar, Science-Direct, Scopus, and PubMed using the English or Persian keywords such as an antibiotic or antimicrobial residue, Beta-lactam residue, Tetracycline residue, Sulfonamide residue, Chloramphenicol residue, Aminoglycosides residue, Macrolide residue, Quinolones residue, Milk, Raw milk, Pasteurized milk, UHT milk, Powder milk, Cheese, Yogurt, Butter, Cream, Doogh, Kashk, Ice cream, and Iran.

Results

According to the reviewed studies, the total prevalence of antibiotic residues in dairy products was 29% (95% CI: 15–43%). Among the seven evaluated antibiotic groups, most studies have been conducted on tetracycline, beta-lactam, and sulfonamide groups, with 16, 10, and 7 respectively, and the highest level of contamination with 663 ± 1540 μg/l is related to tetracycline. Most studies on antibiotic dairy product residues in Iran with 12, 11, and 8 studies are associated with East Azarbaijan province, then Tehran and Khorasan Razavi respectively, and no study has been conducted in 11 provinces of the country. According to the studies, Gilan, Qazvin and Razavi Khorasan provinces had the highest amount of antibiotic residue in milk with an average value of 56.415 ± 33.354, 45.955 ± 4.179 and 45.928 ± 33.027, respectively. Most of the methods used in the studies to measure antibiotic residues in milk were the Copan test kit and the HPLC method, which were used in 19 and 14 studies, respectively.

Conclusions

Studies have shown that the prevalence of antibiotic residue in dairy products in Iran is high, so applying an effective strategy and developing the necessary standards in this field to control milk quality is a public health necessity. The findings of this study show that further evaluation of fermented dairy products, especially non-fermented ones such as butter and cream, is needed to prevent adverse health reactions.

今天,抗生素被广泛用于治疗和饲料添加剂,以促进牲畜生长。动物源性食品中可能存在抗生素残留,原因多种多样,包括忽视治疗后的停药期、对动物过度使用、动物产品中使用治疗动物的饲料受到污染等。在动物产品中,乳制品在人类饮食中占有特殊的地位,其中的抗生素残留引起了消费者的极大关注。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估和比较2000-2022年期间在伊朗进行的乳制品抗生素残留研究。方法采用英文或波斯语关键词:抗生素或抗菌药物残留、β -内酰胺类残留、四环素类残留、磺胺类残留、氯霉素类残留、氨基糖苷类残留、大环内酯类残留、喹诺酮类残留、牛奶、生奶、巴氏杀菌奶、UHT奶、奶粉、奶酪、酸奶、黄油、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂、乳脂。奶油,面团,Kashk,冰淇淋和伊朗。结果根据回顾的研究,乳制品中抗生素残留的总流行率为29% (95% CI: 15-43%)。在7个被评价的抗生素组中,对四环素、β -内酰胺和磺胺类的研究最多,分别有16、10和7个,最高污染水平为663±1540 μg/l,与四环素有关。伊朗大多数关于抗生素乳制品残留的研究有12项、11项和8项研究分别与东Azarbaijan省有关,然后分别是德黑兰和Khorasan Razavi,在该国11个省没有进行研究。结果显示,吉兰省、加兹温省和拉扎维省的牛奶抗生素残留量最高,平均值分别为56.415±33.354、45.955±4.179和45.928±33.027。研究中使用最多的方法是Copan test kit和HPLC法,分别有19项和14项研究使用了Copan test kit和HPLC法。结论研究表明,伊朗乳制品中抗生素残留的发生率很高,因此在这一领域采取有效的策略和制定必要的标准来控制牛奶质量是公共卫生的需要。这项研究的结果表明,需要进一步评估发酵乳制品,特别是非发酵乳制品,如黄油和奶油,以防止不良的健康反应。
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引用次数: 0
Modification of cellulose with TiO2 nanoparticles: Potential solar driven photocatalyst and adsorbent 二氧化钛纳米颗粒改性纤维素:潜在的太阳能驱动光催化剂和吸附剂
IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00884-9
Deepti Sharma, Jai Prakash Mishra, Veena Dhayal

In-situ modification of cellulose fibers with titania nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) (TiO2 NPs-cellulose) was carried out via the sol–gel process using titania sol and fibers of cellulose. Cellulose fibers were extracted from wheat straw, an agricultural waste material, whereas titania sol was prepared from titanium(IV) acetoximate, [Ti{ONC(CH3)2}4]. The synthesized TiO2 NPs-cellulose composite was characterized by FT-IR, SEM–EDX, and XRD analyses. The obtained results exposed that TiO2 NPs were homogeneously dispersed over the surface of cellulose fibers. A study was conducted to compare the photocatalytic activities of TiO2 NPs-cellulose composite and TiO2 NPs towards the degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes under sunlight, and it was observed that the photo-degradation of methylene blue (99.99%) and methyl orange (80.73%) within 160 min is higher in the presence of TiO2 NPs-cellulose composite than TiO2 NPs. The adsorption capabilities of TiO2 NPs-cellulose composite towards Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cr3+ toxic metal ions were also examined, and it was found 44.73 mg. g−1 (89.46%), 38.82 mg. g−1 (77.65%), and 4.42 mg. g−1 (8.85%), respectively. Removal of pollutants from textile industrial effluent were also investigated using TiO2 NPs-cellulose composite under sun light. The results obtained were very promising which shows potential of TiO2 NPs-cellulose composite as an efficient photocatalyst and absorbent for real time applications.

Graphical abstract

以二氧化钛溶胶和纤维素纤维为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛纳米粒子(TiO2 NPs) (TiO2 NPs-纤维素)原位改性纤维素纤维。以农业废弃物麦秸为原料提取纤维素纤维,以乙酰肟酸钛[Ti{ONC(CH3)2}4]为原料制备二氧化钛溶胶。采用FT-IR、SEM-EDX和XRD对合成的TiO2 nps -纤维素复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,TiO2纳米粒子均匀地分散在纤维素纤维表面。比较了TiO2 NPs-纤维素复合材料和TiO2 NPs在阳光下降解亚甲基蓝和甲基橙染料的光催化活性,发现在TiO2 NPs-纤维素复合材料存在下,160 min内亚甲基蓝(99.99%)和甲基橙(80.73%)的光降解率高于TiO2 NPs。TiO2 nps -纤维素复合材料对Pb2+、Cd2+和Cr3+有毒金属离子的吸附能力也进行了测试,发现其吸附量为44.73 mg。G−1 (89.46%),38.82 mg。G−1 (77.65%),4.42 mg。G−1(8.85%)。研究了TiO2 nps -纤维素复合材料在日光下对纺织工业废水中污染物的去除效果。结果表明,二氧化钛nps -纤维素复合材料作为一种高效的光催化剂和吸收剂具有良好的实时应用前景。图形抽象
{"title":"Modification of cellulose with TiO2 nanoparticles: Potential solar driven photocatalyst and adsorbent","authors":"Deepti Sharma,&nbsp;Jai Prakash Mishra,&nbsp;Veena Dhayal","doi":"10.1007/s40201-023-00884-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40201-023-00884-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>In-situ</i> modification of cellulose fibers with titania nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs-cellulose) was carried out via the sol–gel process using titania sol and fibers of cellulose. Cellulose fibers were extracted from wheat straw, an agricultural waste material, whereas titania sol was prepared from titanium(IV) acetoximate, [Ti{ONC(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>4</sub>]. The synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs-cellulose composite was characterized by FT-IR, SEM–EDX, and XRD analyses. The obtained results exposed that TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were homogeneously dispersed over the surface of cellulose fibers. A study was conducted to compare the photocatalytic activities of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs-cellulose composite and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs towards the degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes under sunlight, and it was observed that the photo-degradation of methylene blue (99.99%) and methyl orange (80.73%) within 160 min is higher in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs-cellulose composite than TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The adsorption capabilities of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs-cellulose composite towards Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, and Cr<sup>3+</sup> toxic metal ions were also examined, and it was found 44.73 mg. g<sup>−1</sup> (89.46%), 38.82 mg. g<sup>−1</sup> (77.65%), and 4.42 mg. g<sup>−1</sup> (8.85%), respectively. Removal of pollutants from textile industrial effluent were also investigated using TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs-cellulose composite under sun light. The results obtained were very promising which shows potential of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs-cellulose composite as an efficient photocatalyst and absorbent for real time applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"167 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering
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