Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349898
K. Wang, Z. Zhu, G. Ombach, W. Chlebosz
This paper presents optimal rotor shape design to increase the torque capability in IPM machines by introducing optimal 3rd harmonic to the inverse cosine shaped rotor. The impact of the optimal 3rd harmonic to the rotor shape on the electromagnetic performance is investigated by finite element method. It is demonstrated that under the same amount of permanent magnets as the inverse cosine shaped IPM machine, the average torque for the machine of inverse cosine with optimal 3rd harmonic shaped rotor can be improved by >;5% while the torque ripple can be maintained almost the same. In addition, the inductance saliency ratio is also improved, which increases the average torque further. The impact of 3rd harmonic on stator and rotor iron and rotor eddy current magnet losses is also compared with the machine without 3rd harmonic in the rotor shape, which shows that the iron loss increases slightly. All results have been verified with finite element method.
{"title":"Optimal rotor shape with third harmonic for maximizing torque and minimizing torque ripple in IPM motors","authors":"K. Wang, Z. Zhu, G. Ombach, W. Chlebosz","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349898","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents optimal rotor shape design to increase the torque capability in IPM machines by introducing optimal 3rd harmonic to the inverse cosine shaped rotor. The impact of the optimal 3rd harmonic to the rotor shape on the electromagnetic performance is investigated by finite element method. It is demonstrated that under the same amount of permanent magnets as the inverse cosine shaped IPM machine, the average torque for the machine of inverse cosine with optimal 3rd harmonic shaped rotor can be improved by >;5% while the torque ripple can be maintained almost the same. In addition, the inductance saliency ratio is also improved, which increases the average torque further. The impact of 3rd harmonic on stator and rotor iron and rotor eddy current magnet losses is also compared with the machine without 3rd harmonic in the rotor shape, which shows that the iron loss increases slightly. All results have been verified with finite element method.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"3 1","pages":"397-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78711408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350145
B. Virlan, S. Benelghali, A. Munteanu, A. Simion, R. Outbib
This paper presents the study of the transients for a multi-speed induction motor with toroidal stator winding and external rotor. The results prove the superiority of the toroidal winding for external rotor structures since it offers an easier way to change the coil ends connection in order to obtained more synchronous speeds. By knowing the motor mechanical characteristics, the start-up has been simulated for each pole number configuration. For two of the situations, the start-up takes into consideration both no-load and under load operation using a strategy based on the switching of poles number.
{"title":"Multi-speed induction motor for direct drive applications","authors":"B. Virlan, S. Benelghali, A. Munteanu, A. Simion, R. Outbib","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350145","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the study of the transients for a multi-speed induction motor with toroidal stator winding and external rotor. The results prove the superiority of the toroidal winding for external rotor structures since it offers an easier way to change the coil ends connection in order to obtained more synchronous speeds. By knowing the motor mechanical characteristics, the start-up has been simulated for each pole number configuration. For two of the situations, the start-up takes into consideration both no-load and under load operation using a strategy based on the switching of poles number.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"45 9 1","pages":"1928-1934"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82740633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349875
M. Cantegrel, F. Gillon, S. Brisset
The document provides a way of calculation of approximate ripple torque for synchronous machines in various operating points. The traction machine taken as example is intended to power a vehicle. With such range of speed, the capability to calculate many operating points is important. The calculated ripple torque takes into account the cogging torque, the ripple torque due to open-circuit flux curve, and the effects of switching. The computation is very fast, even for a large number of operating points. The key points to ensure this fastness are emphasized. Matrix writing makes the computer code light and readable.
{"title":"Fast computation of ripple torque for PM synchronous traction machines","authors":"M. Cantegrel, F. Gillon, S. Brisset","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349875","url":null,"abstract":"The document provides a way of calculation of approximate ripple torque for synchronous machines in various operating points. The traction machine taken as example is intended to power a vehicle. With such range of speed, the capability to calculate many operating points is important. The calculated ripple torque takes into account the cogging torque, the ripple torque due to open-circuit flux curve, and the effects of switching. The computation is very fast, even for a large number of operating points. The key points to ensure this fastness are emphasized. Matrix writing makes the computer code light and readable.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"61 1","pages":"261-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90224551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350031
M. Hettegger, A. Reinbacher-Kostinger, O. Bíró
Simulation of the heat transfer at the end-windings of an electric machine is often restricted by the quality of the coefficients used in the simulation model. This paper presents a method of obtaining correlations between the convective wall heat transfer coefficient (WHTC) and parameters of the end-region of an electrical machine and its operational conditions. The data have been evaluated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and validated by measurements. Dimensionless numbers for the WHTCs have been correlated to the simulated data by the Gauss-Newton method. This characterization provides a way of calculating values for the convective WHTC depending on the rotational speed and the end-shield geometry. Due to the used dimension analysis, the result is applicable on scaled geometries. It is not an exact method for calculating the convective WHTC, but provides a tool with sufficient accuracy for most engineering purposes.
{"title":"Characterizing the convective wall heat transfer on convoluted shapes in the end-region of an induction machine","authors":"M. Hettegger, A. Reinbacher-Kostinger, O. Bíró","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350031","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation of the heat transfer at the end-windings of an electric machine is often restricted by the quality of the coefficients used in the simulation model. This paper presents a method of obtaining correlations between the convective wall heat transfer coefficient (WHTC) and parameters of the end-region of an electrical machine and its operational conditions. The data have been evaluated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and validated by measurements. Dimensionless numbers for the WHTCs have been correlated to the simulated data by the Gauss-Newton method. This characterization provides a way of calculating values for the convective WHTC depending on the rotational speed and the end-shield geometry. Due to the used dimension analysis, the result is applicable on scaled geometries. It is not an exact method for calculating the convective WHTC, but provides a tool with sufficient accuracy for most engineering purposes.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"3 1","pages":"1219-1226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90445543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350204
Lingyu Zhang, Kai Zhao
To promote higher energy efficiency standard & specifications of electric equipments persistently is the key method for China government to reduce energy demand for sustainable development. Higher efficient distribution transformers were widely used in power utilities and industries and contribute for the power line loss reduction. This paper introduced the background and driving of China higher efficient transformers market and the whole aspects to promote and assess the energy saving from the efficient distribution transformers.
{"title":"China actions in higher efficient transformers promotion","authors":"Lingyu Zhang, Kai Zhao","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350204","url":null,"abstract":"To promote higher energy efficiency standard & specifications of electric equipments persistently is the key method for China government to reduce energy demand for sustainable development. Higher efficient distribution transformers were widely used in power utilities and industries and contribute for the power line loss reduction. This paper introduced the background and driving of China higher efficient transformers market and the whole aspects to promote and assess the energy saving from the efficient distribution transformers.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"64 1","pages":"2305-2310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89957896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350074
A. P. Ferreira, A. F. Costa
Analytical lumped parameter circuits based on thermal resistances have been used extensively for calculation of the temperature rise in electrical machines. This work presents an analytical thermal equivalent circuit of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine for steady state condition, used recursively with the electromagnetic design. From their interaction, the electrical loading has been adjusted, resulting in an increase of the output power compared to the initial pursued value.
{"title":"Thermal analysis of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet machine","authors":"A. P. Ferreira, A. F. Costa","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350074","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical lumped parameter circuits based on thermal resistances have been used extensively for calculation of the temperature rise in electrical machines. This work presents an analytical thermal equivalent circuit of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine for steady state condition, used recursively with the electromagnetic design. From their interaction, the electrical loading has been adjusted, resulting in an increase of the output power compared to the initial pursued value.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"22 1","pages":"1482-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83950084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350171
M. Yagami, J. Tamura
This paper presents the results of transient stability analysis of the synchronous generator in the power system with high levels of photovoltaic (PV) penetration. With the increasing PV penetration levels, the capacity of the synchronous generator needs to be reduced relatively in order to maintain power supply-demand balance. This leads to the lower system inertia and the higher generator reactance, and hence the transient stability may negatively be affected. In particular, the impact on the transient stability may become more serious when the considerable amounts of PV systems are disconnected simultaneously during voltage sag. In this paper, the potential impact of significant PV penetration on the transient stability is assessed by a numerical simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC.
{"title":"Impact of high-penetration photovoltaic on synchronous generator stability","authors":"M. Yagami, J. Tamura","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350171","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of transient stability analysis of the synchronous generator in the power system with high levels of photovoltaic (PV) penetration. With the increasing PV penetration levels, the capacity of the synchronous generator needs to be reduced relatively in order to maintain power supply-demand balance. This leads to the lower system inertia and the higher generator reactance, and hence the transient stability may negatively be affected. In particular, the impact on the transient stability may become more serious when the considerable amounts of PV systems are disconnected simultaneously during voltage sag. In this paper, the potential impact of significant PV penetration on the transient stability is assessed by a numerical simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"2013 1","pages":"2092-2097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87985169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349974
J. G. Cintron-Rivera, Andrew S. Babel, Eduardo E. Montalvo-Ortiz, Shanelle N. Foster, E. Strangas
This paper presents a simplified experimental method to accurately estimate the parameters of a permanent magnet synchronous machine. It accounts for the self and cross saturation effects over the entire operation range of the machine. Experimentally, the procedure is performed only using the components typically used in a traction drive system, such as current sensors, a position encoder, a DC link voltage sensor and a digital signal processor. AC voltage sensors, analog filtering hardware and additional measuring equipment are not required. With fewer components, the method is suitable for machine commissioning in the field. Therefore, the process of characterization is no longer confined to a laboratory environment. The method was experimentally verified using a 10-kW SmCo and a 125-kW NdFeB interior permanent magnet machine.
{"title":"A simplified characterization method including saturation effects for permanent magnet Machines","authors":"J. G. Cintron-Rivera, Andrew S. Babel, Eduardo E. Montalvo-Ortiz, Shanelle N. Foster, E. Strangas","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6349974","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simplified experimental method to accurately estimate the parameters of a permanent magnet synchronous machine. It accounts for the self and cross saturation effects over the entire operation range of the machine. Experimentally, the procedure is performed only using the components typically used in a traction drive system, such as current sensors, a position encoder, a DC link voltage sensor and a digital signal processor. AC voltage sensors, analog filtering hardware and additional measuring equipment are not required. With fewer components, the method is suitable for machine commissioning in the field. Therefore, the process of characterization is no longer confined to a laboratory environment. The method was experimentally verified using a 10-kW SmCo and a 125-kW NdFeB interior permanent magnet machine.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"382 1","pages":"837-843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78609599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350198
Shuang Zhao, O. Wallmark
In automotive drivetrains used in hybrid electric vehicles, the transmission connecting the electric machine(s) and the combustion engine often introduce non linear phenomena such as gear play and backlash. These non-ideal effects can result in drivetrain oscillations which, in turn, can be mitigated by a controller manipulating the torque reference of the electric machine. If a permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is operated without using a position sensor (sensorless), the resulting torque dynamics (from the torque reference to the shaft torque) is different compared to the situation when the rotor position is known. Hence, it is desirable to know the torque dynamics for PMSMs operating sensorless when the drivetrain torque oscillation controller is tuned. This paper presents a number of models, evaluated using simulations, describing the torque dynamics of PMSM drives with and without the use of a position sensor.
{"title":"Torque dynamics in sensorless PMSM drives","authors":"Shuang Zhao, O. Wallmark","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350198","url":null,"abstract":"In automotive drivetrains used in hybrid electric vehicles, the transmission connecting the electric machine(s) and the combustion engine often introduce non linear phenomena such as gear play and backlash. These non-ideal effects can result in drivetrain oscillations which, in turn, can be mitigated by a controller manipulating the torque reference of the electric machine. If a permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is operated without using a position sensor (sensorless), the resulting torque dynamics (from the torque reference to the shaft torque) is different compared to the situation when the rotor position is known. Hence, it is desirable to know the torque dynamics for PMSMs operating sensorless when the drivetrain torque oscillation controller is tuned. This paper presents a number of models, evaluated using simulations, describing the torque dynamics of PMSM drives with and without the use of a position sensor.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"76 1","pages":"2273-2278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78686287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350249
M. Chinaud, A. Boussaid, J. Rouchon, E. Duhayon, E. Deri, D. Harribey, M. Braza
As part of the EMMAV research program the SMA technology was studied as well as its application as an actuator for electro-active morphing wings. As a first step a theoretical model of the applied SMAs, a structure of Titanium and Nickel, was developed in order to predict the behaviour over time and temperature when electrified by an electric field. The developed model was experimentally verified on a single SMA wire. Secondly a plate made out of PEEK was equipped with SMAs and the effects on the flow were studied as the plate deformed by SMA actuation. Finally an experiment was conducted in order to analyze possible SMA performance improvements. The experiments showed the improvements of the cooling response of the SMAs when forced convection is applied.
{"title":"Thermo-mechanical coupling in Nitinol. Application to an electro-morphing plate","authors":"M. Chinaud, A. Boussaid, J. Rouchon, E. Duhayon, E. Deri, D. Harribey, M. Braza","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2012.6350249","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the EMMAV research program the SMA technology was studied as well as its application as an actuator for electro-active morphing wings. As a first step a theoretical model of the applied SMAs, a structure of Titanium and Nickel, was developed in order to predict the behaviour over time and temperature when electrified by an electric field. The developed model was experimentally verified on a single SMA wire. Secondly a plate made out of PEEK was equipped with SMAs and the effects on the flow were studied as the plate deformed by SMA actuation. Finally an experiment was conducted in order to analyze possible SMA performance improvements. The experiments showed the improvements of the cooling response of the SMAs when forced convection is applied.","PeriodicalId":6309,"journal":{"name":"2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"111 1","pages":"2580-2584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79187263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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