Zartasha Kousar, Surryia Manzoor, S. Naz, Muhammad Shafiq Shahid
Background: Cassia absus L. and Citrus medica L. plants are sources of different phytochemicals with pharmaceutical significance. They are biochemically distinctive and used in producing various herbal products with exclusive bioactivity. Also, the extraction of these phytonutrients with medicinal characteristics has recently increased. Objectives: We determined to evaluate the plant-derived compounds such as polyphenols and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of Cassia absus L. and Citrus medica L. Methods: Antioxidant activity was calculated through linoleic acid inhibition, determination of reducing power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. The disk diffusion method was used for assessing antimicrobial activity. Various solvents such as acetic acid, ethanol, acetone, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate were used to perform partition fractionation of the methanolic extract of plants. Results: Three major components were analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography in C. absus and C. medica. Total phenolic contents varied from 5.58-17.1 to 2.66-7.41 per 100 g examined through Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, pointed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), and total flavonoid contents lined from 11.50-32.4 to 24.91-36.36 per 100 g specified as catechin equivalents. Inhibition rate and reducing potential were greater in C. medica fractions of 49.6% and 1.14, respectively. The C. medica solvent fractions exhibited greater radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay at 80%. C. absus and C. medica extract significantly inhibit different gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and Fusarium) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium Solani) bacteria. Conclusion: Both leaf extracts of C. absus and C. medica could have potential applications in agriculture, pharmaceutics, and medicine.
{"title":"Extraction, Fractionation, Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Cassia absus L. and Citrus medica L.","authors":"Zartasha Kousar, Surryia Manzoor, S. Naz, Muhammad Shafiq Shahid","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.2.1121.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.2.1121.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cassia absus L. and Citrus medica L. plants are sources of different phytochemicals with pharmaceutical significance. They are biochemically distinctive and used in producing various herbal products with exclusive bioactivity. Also, the extraction of these phytonutrients with medicinal characteristics has recently increased. Objectives: We determined to evaluate the plant-derived compounds such as polyphenols and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of Cassia absus L. and Citrus medica L. Methods: Antioxidant activity was calculated through linoleic acid inhibition, determination of reducing power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. The disk diffusion method was used for assessing antimicrobial activity. Various solvents such as acetic acid, ethanol, acetone, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate were used to perform partition fractionation of the methanolic extract of plants. Results: Three major components were analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography in C. absus and C. medica. Total phenolic contents varied from 5.58-17.1 to 2.66-7.41 per 100 g examined through Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, pointed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), and total flavonoid contents lined from 11.50-32.4 to 24.91-36.36 per 100 g specified as catechin equivalents. Inhibition rate and reducing potential were greater in C. medica fractions of 49.6% and 1.14, respectively. The C. medica solvent fractions exhibited greater radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay at 80%. C. absus and C. medica extract significantly inhibit different gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and Fusarium) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium Solani) bacteria. Conclusion: Both leaf extracts of C. absus and C. medica could have potential applications in agriculture, pharmaceutics, and medicine.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77106049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemalatha R, Muthuraman N, Sandya B Rani, P. Abraham
Background: Cyclophosphamide is widely prescribed as an anti-cancer drug and used as an immunosuppressant. Hemorrhagic cystitis is one of the common complications of cyclophosphamide intake. We hypothesized that endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins could be altered in urothelium treated with cyclophosphamide. Objectives: We checked the effect of cyclophosphamide on the expression of various endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in Vero cells. Methods: We treated Vero cells with varying doses of cyclophosphamide and observed its viability in flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. We looked for changes in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in Vero cells treated with cyclophosphamide by western blot technique. Results: Cyclophosphamide at higher doses caused more death in Vero cells that could be attributed to an increase in apoptosis as evidenced by the changes in the morphology of cells and increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum specific caspase-12 proteins. Growth arrest/DNA damage 153 (GADD 153), one of the key transcription factors involved in the mediation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, was upregulated in Vero cells treated with cyclophosphamide. The protective effect of glucose-regulated protein GRP 78 against apoptosis was lost in Vero cells treated with a higher dose of cyclophosphamide, which is corroborated by decreased expression of GRP 78 in Vero cells treated with higher doses compared to Vero cells treated with lower doses of cyclophosphamide. Expression of disulfide isomerase protein, which guides misfolded proteins to fold properly, was downregulated in Vero cells treated with cyclophosphamide. Conclusion: To summarize, our study showed an alteration in the expression of key endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in Vero cells treated with cyclophosphamide.
{"title":"A Study on the Alteration of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-related Proteins in Cyclophosphamide-induced Damage to Urothelium","authors":"Hemalatha R, Muthuraman N, Sandya B Rani, P. Abraham","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.2.1149.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.2.1149.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cyclophosphamide is widely prescribed as an anti-cancer drug and used as an immunosuppressant. Hemorrhagic cystitis is one of the common complications of cyclophosphamide intake. We hypothesized that endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins could be altered in urothelium treated with cyclophosphamide. Objectives: We checked the effect of cyclophosphamide on the expression of various endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in Vero cells. Methods: We treated Vero cells with varying doses of cyclophosphamide and observed its viability in flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. We looked for changes in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in Vero cells treated with cyclophosphamide by western blot technique. Results: Cyclophosphamide at higher doses caused more death in Vero cells that could be attributed to an increase in apoptosis as evidenced by the changes in the morphology of cells and increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum specific caspase-12 proteins. Growth arrest/DNA damage 153 (GADD 153), one of the key transcription factors involved in the mediation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, was upregulated in Vero cells treated with cyclophosphamide. The protective effect of glucose-regulated protein GRP 78 against apoptosis was lost in Vero cells treated with a higher dose of cyclophosphamide, which is corroborated by decreased expression of GRP 78 in Vero cells treated with higher doses compared to Vero cells treated with lower doses of cyclophosphamide. Expression of disulfide isomerase protein, which guides misfolded proteins to fold properly, was downregulated in Vero cells treated with cyclophosphamide. Conclusion: To summarize, our study showed an alteration in the expression of key endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in Vero cells treated with cyclophosphamide.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72720544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Depression is an important psychological disorder because it is a common mental illness that leads to morbidity and suicide. Although appropriate antidepressant drugs exist, they usually have unpleasant side effects and delayed onset. Objectives: Introducing new compounds such as medicinal plants and oceanic living organisms such as alga is appropriate. Here the depressive-like effects of Padina australis Hauck total extract (PAE) were evaluated following depression induced by Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) in mice. Methods: Male NMRI mice (average weight: 27±2 g) were used. A single BCG 0.2 mL/mouse was inoculated. PAE effective dose (40 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg) were administered as the reference drug for 14 days. The control animals received normal saline. All treatments were administered intraperitoneally. After evaluating the locomotor activity, different depression criteria were assessed by forced swimming test (FST), sucrose preference (SP) test, and novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT). Results: Depression was induced by BCG. The selected PAE dose did not cause a significant change in the locomotor activity compared with the control (139±16.9 count), while the immobility time in FST reduced (45.1±11.4 s vs BCG, P<0.001). During the NSFT, the latency decreased (94.7±18.5 s vs BCG, P=0.0365), food intake increased (17.4±2.11 mg/g body weight vs BCG, P=0.023), and SP up to 79.3±4.7%. These changes were similar to imipramine. Conclusion: PAE showed antidepressant-like effects as despair behavior reduced during FST. Based on NSFT, the stress declined, and animal appetite increased, while SP revealed remission of anhedonia. Further studies are suggested regarding the antidepressant effects of PAE different partitions.
{"title":"The Brown Alga Padina australis Total Extract and Depressive-like Behavior Following BCG Inoculation in Mice","authors":"A. Yegdaneh, A. Mesripour, Mehrnaz Iravani","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.2.1116.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.2.1116.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is an important psychological disorder because it is a common mental illness that leads to morbidity and suicide. Although appropriate antidepressant drugs exist, they usually have unpleasant side effects and delayed onset. Objectives: Introducing new compounds such as medicinal plants and oceanic living organisms such as alga is appropriate. Here the depressive-like effects of Padina australis Hauck total extract (PAE) were evaluated following depression induced by Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) in mice. Methods: Male NMRI mice (average weight: 27±2 g) were used. A single BCG 0.2 mL/mouse was inoculated. PAE effective dose (40 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg) were administered as the reference drug for 14 days. The control animals received normal saline. All treatments were administered intraperitoneally. After evaluating the locomotor activity, different depression criteria were assessed by forced swimming test (FST), sucrose preference (SP) test, and novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT). Results: Depression was induced by BCG. The selected PAE dose did not cause a significant change in the locomotor activity compared with the control (139±16.9 count), while the immobility time in FST reduced (45.1±11.4 s vs BCG, P<0.001). During the NSFT, the latency decreased (94.7±18.5 s vs BCG, P=0.0365), food intake increased (17.4±2.11 mg/g body weight vs BCG, P=0.023), and SP up to 79.3±4.7%. These changes were similar to imipramine. Conclusion: PAE showed antidepressant-like effects as despair behavior reduced during FST. Based on NSFT, the stress declined, and animal appetite increased, while SP revealed remission of anhedonia. Further studies are suggested regarding the antidepressant effects of PAE different partitions.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75188296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parisa Saberi-Hasanabadi, O. M. Malekshah, H. Mohammadi
Background: Extensive application of zinc oxide nanoparticles has increased the likelihood of its release into the environment and subsequent human exposure and toxicity. The toxicity is thought to be a combined effect of intracellular particles and the release of dissolved zinc ions. Objectives: This review outlines the possible mechanisms of zinc oxide toxicity in biological organs through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: We reviewed articles published between 2001 and 2021. In this way, we did a manual search of Google Scholar and scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, with keywords such as “zinc oxide nanoparticles”, “toxicity mechanism”, and “in vivo and in vitro studies”. The other qualified papers contained the history of identifying zinc oxide nanoparticles, the toxicity of metallic nanoparticles, and physical, chemical, and biological side effects with topical and systematic approaches. Results: The main mechanism suggested for zinc-based nanoparticles-induced cell damage is via the induction of increased levels of reactive oxygen species, which are oxidative stress markers. This mechanism has also been found to be a key mechanism for the cytotoxicity of other metal nanomaterials. Zinc-based nanoparticles were found to induce oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, progressive degenerative cell changes, cell cycle arrest, cytogenetic alterations, and ROS-triggered mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human organs. Conclusion: This review sheds light on the full understanding of in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of zinc oxide nanoparticles, highlighting the health concerns from the perspective of ZnO nanoparticles release to the ecosystem after their increasing application.
背景:氧化锌纳米颗粒的广泛应用增加了其释放到环境中以及随后的人体暴露和毒性的可能性。毒性被认为是细胞内颗粒和溶解锌离子释放的综合作用。目的:通过体内和体外实验，综述氧化锌对生物器官的毒性作用机制。方法:我们回顾了2001年至2021年间发表的文章。我们通过人工检索谷歌Scholar和PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Embase等科学数据库，关键词为“氧化锌纳米颗粒”、“毒性机制”、“体内和体外研究”。其他合格的论文包括鉴定氧化锌纳米颗粒的历史，金属纳米颗粒的毒性，以及局部和系统方法的物理，化学和生物副作用。结果:锌基纳米颗粒诱导细胞损伤的主要机制是通过诱导氧化应激标志物活性氧水平的增加。这一机制也被发现是其他金属纳米材料细胞毒性的关键机制。锌基纳米颗粒在人体器官中诱导DNA氧化损伤、炎症、进行性退行性细胞改变、细胞周期阻滞、细胞遗传学改变和ros触发的线粒体介导的细胞凋亡。结论:本文综述了氧化锌纳米颗粒在体外和体内的毒性评价，从氧化锌纳米颗粒在越来越多的应用后向生态系统释放的角度强调了健康问题。
{"title":"The Exposure and Hazards of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies","authors":"Parisa Saberi-Hasanabadi, O. M. Malekshah, H. Mohammadi","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.2.920.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.2.920.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Extensive application of zinc oxide nanoparticles has increased the likelihood of its release into the environment and subsequent human exposure and toxicity. The toxicity is thought to be a combined effect of intracellular particles and the release of dissolved zinc ions. Objectives: This review outlines the possible mechanisms of zinc oxide toxicity in biological organs through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: We reviewed articles published between 2001 and 2021. In this way, we did a manual search of Google Scholar and scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, with keywords such as “zinc oxide nanoparticles”, “toxicity mechanism”, and “in vivo and in vitro studies”. The other qualified papers contained the history of identifying zinc oxide nanoparticles, the toxicity of metallic nanoparticles, and physical, chemical, and biological side effects with topical and systematic approaches. Results: The main mechanism suggested for zinc-based nanoparticles-induced cell damage is via the induction of increased levels of reactive oxygen species, which are oxidative stress markers. This mechanism has also been found to be a key mechanism for the cytotoxicity of other metal nanomaterials. Zinc-based nanoparticles were found to induce oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, progressive degenerative cell changes, cell cycle arrest, cytogenetic alterations, and ROS-triggered mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human organs. Conclusion: This review sheds light on the full understanding of in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of zinc oxide nanoparticles, highlighting the health concerns from the perspective of ZnO nanoparticles release to the ecosystem after their increasing application.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78455062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rose Osarieme Imade, Buniyamin Adesina Ayinde, Anam Alam
Background: Cancer is one of the most prominent causes of death worldwide. Ocimum gratissimum Linn. (Lamiaceae) leaves are used in many countries as a spice or medicine. Objectives: This study investigated the essential oil of the O. gratissimum leaves and its major constituent, thymol, for cytotoxic activity against breast (AU565) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. Methods: Preliminary screening was carried out using bench-top assay methods for cytotoxicity involving the use of tadpoles of Raniceps raninus (10-40 μg/mL) and brine shrimp of Artemia salina (10-1000 μg/mL) and growth inhibition using radicle of Sorghum bicolor seeds (1-30 mg/mL). Antiproliferation was verified by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Chromatographic separation of the oil resulted in fractions and sub-fractions, which were also subjected to biological testing. The components of the oil and active subfraction were further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Remarkable cytotoxic activities were seen against R. raninus tadpoles and A. salina nauplii. Growth inhibitory activity on S. bicolor seed radicles was produced concentration-dependent. The subfraction possessed greater cytotoxic activity on the cell lines than the oil, with inhibitory action of +85.07% and +29.20% against AU565 and HeLa cells, respectively. Thymol was the major constituent of the oil (22.49%) and increased to 94.31% in the subfraction.
{"title":"GC-MS Analysis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) Volatile Oil and Thymol on Cancer Cells","authors":"Rose Osarieme Imade, Buniyamin Adesina Ayinde, Anam Alam","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.2.1110.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.2.1110.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer is one of the most prominent causes of death worldwide. Ocimum gratissimum Linn. (Lamiaceae) leaves are used in many countries as a spice or medicine. Objectives: This study investigated the essential oil of the O. gratissimum leaves and its major constituent, thymol, for cytotoxic activity against breast (AU565) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. Methods: Preliminary screening was carried out using bench-top assay methods for cytotoxicity involving the use of tadpoles of Raniceps raninus (10-40 μg/mL) and brine shrimp of Artemia salina (10-1000 μg/mL) and growth inhibition using radicle of Sorghum bicolor seeds (1-30 mg/mL). Antiproliferation was verified by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Chromatographic separation of the oil resulted in fractions and sub-fractions, which were also subjected to biological testing. The components of the oil and active subfraction were further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Remarkable cytotoxic activities were seen against R. raninus tadpoles and A. salina nauplii. Growth inhibitory activity on S. bicolor seed radicles was produced concentration-dependent. The subfraction possessed greater cytotoxic activity on the cell lines than the oil, with inhibitory action of +85.07% and +29.20% against AU565 and HeLa cells, respectively. Thymol was the major constituent of the oil (22.49%) and increased to 94.31% in the subfraction.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":"99 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87719231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Somayeh Sheidaei, M. Ghasemi, Elahe Kavoosi, Fatemeh Abedian kenari
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease that has affected the world and requires extensive studies. Studies have shown that high procalcitonin (PCT) level is associated with the severity of many diseases, such as bacterial endocarditis, pancreatitis, pyelonephritis, enterocolitis, and even appendicitis. This study aimed to evaluate the serum PCT levels in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals in northern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Boo-Ali Sina and Imam Khomeini hospitals, Mazandaran Province, the north of Iran. A questionnaire consisting of demographic characterization was filled out for every patient. Results of some laboratories and clinical manifestations of the disorder were extracted from their clinical records. Results: A total of 103 COVID-19 patients (53 male and 50 female) were included in the study. Our patients’ mean serum PCT level was 0.18±0.024 ng/mL. Significant relationships existed between patients’ age and serum PCT level (P=0.025) and short-term prognosis (P=0.044). Conclusion: The short-term prognosis of the disease was significantly associated with the serum PCT level, which indicates that increasing the serum PCT levels worsen the short-term prognosis. Therefore, serum PCT level may help determine disease severity and predict the prognosis of the disease in COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"Procalcitonin Serum Level in the Admitted COVID-19 Patients","authors":"Somayeh Sheidaei, M. Ghasemi, Elahe Kavoosi, Fatemeh Abedian kenari","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.2.1134.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.2.1134.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease that has affected the world and requires extensive studies. Studies have shown that high procalcitonin (PCT) level is associated with the severity of many diseases, such as bacterial endocarditis, pancreatitis, pyelonephritis, enterocolitis, and even appendicitis. This study aimed to evaluate the serum PCT levels in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals in northern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Boo-Ali Sina and Imam Khomeini hospitals, Mazandaran Province, the north of Iran. A questionnaire consisting of demographic characterization was filled out for every patient. Results of some laboratories and clinical manifestations of the disorder were extracted from their clinical records. Results: A total of 103 COVID-19 patients (53 male and 50 female) were included in the study. Our patients’ mean serum PCT level was 0.18±0.024 ng/mL. Significant relationships existed between patients’ age and serum PCT level (P=0.025) and short-term prognosis (P=0.044). Conclusion: The short-term prognosis of the disease was significantly associated with the serum PCT level, which indicates that increasing the serum PCT levels worsen the short-term prognosis. Therefore, serum PCT level may help determine disease severity and predict the prognosis of the disease in COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84341803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mohammadi, Narjes Jalilvand, Fatemeh Esfandiari, S. Attari
Background: Given the importance of environmental factors and the impact of environmental pollutants, such as dioxins, on organ systems, especially the reproductive system, it is necessary to study these issues and the mechanisms of their effects. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of dioxins on DNA damage in the testes of adult male mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) rats were randomly divided into four groups: The control group received normal saline, and the dioxin groups were treated with different doses (0.1, 0.5, and 1 µg/kg) for two weeks. Apoptosis in the testes was then examined using a TUNEL assay kit. Results: The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatogonia cells was 5.91±5.28 in the dioxin group 1, 7.20±10.03 in the dioxin group 2, and 8.73±4.63 in the dioxin group 3, which was higher than that in the control group (0.16±0.40; P=0.073, P=0.034, and P=0.007, respectively). The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatocyte cells was 5.16±1.99 in the dioxin group 1, 2.50±4.62 in the dioxin group 2, and 3.33±2.94 in the dioxin group 3, which was higher than that in the control group (P=0.034, P=0.14, and P=0.037, respectively). The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatocyte cells in the dioxin group 1 was significantly higher than that in the dioxin group 2 (2.50±4.62, P=0.047). The average number of TUNEL-positive spermatid cells was 11.58±6.90 in the dioxin group 1, 11.10±12.19 in the dioxin group 2, and 10.20±7.32 in the 3-dioxin group, which was higher than that in the control group (0.16±0.40; P=0.008, P=0.014, and P=0.015, respectively). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that dioxin caused dose-dependent apoptosis in the testes.
{"title":"Effects of Dioxin on DNA Damage in the Testes of Adult Male Mice","authors":"S. Mohammadi, Narjes Jalilvand, Fatemeh Esfandiari, S. Attari","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.1.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.562","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Given the importance of environmental factors and the impact of environmental pollutants, such as dioxins, on organ systems, especially the reproductive system, it is necessary to study these issues and the mechanisms of their effects. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of dioxins on DNA damage in the testes of adult male mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) rats were randomly divided into four groups: The control group received normal saline, and the dioxin groups were treated with different doses (0.1, 0.5, and 1 µg/kg) for two weeks. Apoptosis in the testes was then examined using a TUNEL assay kit. Results: The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatogonia cells was 5.91±5.28 in the dioxin group 1, 7.20±10.03 in the dioxin group 2, and 8.73±4.63 in the dioxin group 3, which was higher than that in the control group (0.16±0.40; P=0.073, P=0.034, and P=0.007, respectively). The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatocyte cells was 5.16±1.99 in the dioxin group 1, 2.50±4.62 in the dioxin group 2, and 3.33±2.94 in the dioxin group 3, which was higher than that in the control group (P=0.034, P=0.14, and P=0.037, respectively). The mean number of TUNEL-positive spermatocyte cells in the dioxin group 1 was significantly higher than that in the dioxin group 2 (2.50±4.62, P=0.047). The average number of TUNEL-positive spermatid cells was 11.58±6.90 in the dioxin group 1, 11.10±12.19 in the dioxin group 2, and 10.20±7.32 in the 3-dioxin group, which was higher than that in the control group (0.16±0.40; P=0.008, P=0.014, and P=0.015, respectively). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that dioxin caused dose-dependent apoptosis in the testes.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84277704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Yahaya, I. Obaroh, M. Sifau, T. Salisu, Mohammed N. Musa, Ibrahim Bala Abdulgafar
Background: Psidium guajava (guava tree) is widely used in Nigeria to treat diseases. However, a paucity of information exists on the safety of the plant. Objectives: This study determined the safety of P. guajava leaves collected in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Methods: The methanolic extract of the plant’s leaves was subjected to phytochemical and heavy metal screening using standard protocols, and thereafter, subjected to a cytogenetoxicity test using the Allium cepa toxicity assay. Twenty-one A. cepa bulbs divided equally into seven groups were grown over beakers containing distilled water (negative control), formaldehyde (positive control), as well as 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g of the extract, respectively, for five days. The root-tip cells of the A. cepa bulbs were treated and then examined for chromosomal aberrations. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed high levels of saponins, and moderate levels of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids, while quinones and terpenoids were sparingly available. The heavy metal analysis showed non-permissible levels of cadmium and zinc, while two other tested heavy metals (lead and copper) were undetected. Except for the A. cepa treated with 0.25 and 0.5 g, the extract induced dose-dependent root growth and mitotic index inhibition (P<0.05). The extract also induced cytogenetic effects, mainly sticky, vagrant, and fragmented chromosomes as well as anaphase bridges. Conclusions: It can be inferred from the results that low to medium doses of the extract are safe but may elicit harmful effects at high doses. Advice from a phytomedicine or phytotherapy expert should be sought before using it.
{"title":"Levels and Cytogenotoxicity of Phytochemicals and Heavy Metals in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Leaves Obtained From Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria","authors":"T. Yahaya, I. Obaroh, M. Sifau, T. Salisu, Mohammed N. Musa, Ibrahim Bala Abdulgafar","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.1.925.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.925.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psidium guajava (guava tree) is widely used in Nigeria to treat diseases. However, a paucity of information exists on the safety of the plant. Objectives: This study determined the safety of P. guajava leaves collected in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Methods: The methanolic extract of the plant’s leaves was subjected to phytochemical and heavy metal screening using standard protocols, and thereafter, subjected to a cytogenetoxicity test using the Allium cepa toxicity assay. Twenty-one A. cepa bulbs divided equally into seven groups were grown over beakers containing distilled water (negative control), formaldehyde (positive control), as well as 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g of the extract, respectively, for five days. The root-tip cells of the A. cepa bulbs were treated and then examined for chromosomal aberrations. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed high levels of saponins, and moderate levels of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids, while quinones and terpenoids were sparingly available. The heavy metal analysis showed non-permissible levels of cadmium and zinc, while two other tested heavy metals (lead and copper) were undetected. Except for the A. cepa treated with 0.25 and 0.5 g, the extract induced dose-dependent root growth and mitotic index inhibition (P<0.05). The extract also induced cytogenetic effects, mainly sticky, vagrant, and fragmented chromosomes as well as anaphase bridges. Conclusions: It can be inferred from the results that low to medium doses of the extract are safe but may elicit harmful effects at high doses. Advice from a phytomedicine or phytotherapy expert should be sought before using it.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88717586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Chlorpheniramine is an H1 receptor inverse agonist, which belongs to the first-generation class. It is generally regarded as a strong antihistamine with a wide variety of indications in allergic and non-allergic diseases. The extensive consumption of chlorpheniramine might culminate in less evident adverse effects, such as genotoxicity. Objectives: In this study, we attempted to assess the possible potential of chlorpheniramine in inducing genotoxicity. Methods: Human lymphocytes were separated into groups as follows: control group (Phosphate Buffered saline), Chlorpheniramine group (0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5 mM), and Positive control group (cisplatin 0.4 µg/mL). After 24 hours of incubation, we conducted an alkaline comet assay to evaluate the DNA damage. Also, oxidative stress damage was evaluated by the levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione oxidation. Results: Significant increases were observed in DNA percentage in tail and tail moment at high concentration (1.5mM, P<0.05). Likewise, at the same concentration, the MDA levels increased significantly in addition to the significant depletion in the level of glutathione. Conclusion: High concentration of chlorpheniramine significantly induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. In addition, we showed that oxidative stress was one of the mechanisms elaborated in chlorpheniramine genotoxicity at high concentrations.
{"title":"Study of Chlorpheniramine-induced Genotoxicity in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes","authors":"E. Zamani, Saba Mahboub, Mehdi Evazalipour","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.1.1108.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.1108.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chlorpheniramine is an H1 receptor inverse agonist, which belongs to the first-generation class. It is generally regarded as a strong antihistamine with a wide variety of indications in allergic and non-allergic diseases. The extensive consumption of chlorpheniramine might culminate in less evident adverse effects, such as genotoxicity. Objectives: In this study, we attempted to assess the possible potential of chlorpheniramine in inducing genotoxicity. Methods: Human lymphocytes were separated into groups as follows: control group (Phosphate Buffered saline), Chlorpheniramine group (0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5 mM), and Positive control group (cisplatin 0.4 µg/mL). After 24 hours of incubation, we conducted an alkaline comet assay to evaluate the DNA damage. Also, oxidative stress damage was evaluated by the levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione oxidation. Results: Significant increases were observed in DNA percentage in tail and tail moment at high concentration (1.5mM, P<0.05). Likewise, at the same concentration, the MDA levels increased significantly in addition to the significant depletion in the level of glutathione. Conclusion: High concentration of chlorpheniramine significantly induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. In addition, we showed that oxidative stress was one of the mechanisms elaborated in chlorpheniramine genotoxicity at high concentrations.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78552745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahalaxmi S. Petimani, Prabhakar Adake, Pavithra H, Drisya Kaladharan
Background: The availability of the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic has changed the disease course in the entire world. The current study aimed to compare various hematological parameters among COVID-19 patients with and without vaccination. Methods: The present retrospective study included 26 vaccinated and 26 non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients. Various clinical and biochemical parameters of RT-PCR-positive patients were collected. The values are expressed in Mean±SD or median values IQR. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between the groups. Results: Among the vaccinated individuals, 17 cases (65.4%) were asymptomatic, one patient (3.8%) had moderate, eight cases (30.8%) had mild COVID-19 infection and all 26 patients were completely recovered. Among non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients, 25 cases (96.2%) had severe, one case (3.8%) had moderate COVID-19, and 16 patients (61.5%) recovered but ten cases succumbed to COVID-19. There were statistically significant differences in SpO2, total leucocyte count, and differential counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients (P<0.001). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be at a higher level (P<0.01) among non-vaccinated patients [10.9(4.28-23.63)] compared to vaccinated [1.55(1.09-2.28)]. The blood urea, total and direct bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and inflammatory markers, like C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were highly elevated in non-vaccinated patients (P<0.001). Moreover, lower values of total protein, serum albumin, and albumin and globulin (A/G) ratio were noted in the non-vaccinated compared to vaccinated individuals (P<0.001). Conclusion: Vaccinated patients had milder disease with fewer derangements of hematological parameters compared to non-vaccinated patients. It can be concluded that vaccine has played a vital role during the COVID-19 pandemic in reducing mortality.
{"title":"Comparison of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters Among COVID-19 Patients With and Without Vaccination in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective","authors":"Mahalaxmi S. Petimani, Prabhakar Adake, Pavithra H, Drisya Kaladharan","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.1.1094.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.1094.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The availability of the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic has changed the disease course in the entire world. The current study aimed to compare various hematological parameters among COVID-19 patients with and without vaccination. Methods: The present retrospective study included 26 vaccinated and 26 non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients. Various clinical and biochemical parameters of RT-PCR-positive patients were collected. The values are expressed in Mean±SD or median values IQR. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between the groups. Results: Among the vaccinated individuals, 17 cases (65.4%) were asymptomatic, one patient (3.8%) had moderate, eight cases (30.8%) had mild COVID-19 infection and all 26 patients were completely recovered. Among non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients, 25 cases (96.2%) had severe, one case (3.8%) had moderate COVID-19, and 16 patients (61.5%) recovered but ten cases succumbed to COVID-19. There were statistically significant differences in SpO2, total leucocyte count, and differential counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients (P<0.001). The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be at a higher level (P<0.01) among non-vaccinated patients [10.9(4.28-23.63)] compared to vaccinated [1.55(1.09-2.28)]. The blood urea, total and direct bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and inflammatory markers, like C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were highly elevated in non-vaccinated patients (P<0.001). Moreover, lower values of total protein, serum albumin, and albumin and globulin (A/G) ratio were noted in the non-vaccinated compared to vaccinated individuals (P<0.001). Conclusion: Vaccinated patients had milder disease with fewer derangements of hematological parameters compared to non-vaccinated patients. It can be concluded that vaccine has played a vital role during the COVID-19 pandemic in reducing mortality.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89934278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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