Ben Enoluomen Ehigiator, Theodore Mmamsichukwu Ajaekwe, Elias Adikwu
Background: Oxidative stress may be a causative factor for bisphenol A (BPA) -induced hepatotoxicity. Glutamine (GM) is an amino acid with the ability to inhibit oxidative stress. Objective: This study evaluated the ability of GM to prevent BPA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Adult Wistar rats of both sexes (n=30) were used. The rats were randomly grouped into six of five rats each. Groups A (Control), B, and C were treated with normal saline (0.2 mL), GM (80 mg/kg), and BPA (50 mg/kg), respectively for 60 days. Groups D-F were treated with GM (20 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), GM (40 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), and GM (80 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), respectively for 60 days. After treatment, blood and liver samples were obtained for biochemical and histological assessments, respectively. Results: Significantly (P<0.01) decreased body weight and significantly (P<0.01) increased liver weight occurred in the BPA-administered group when compared to the control group. The BPA-administered group showed significantly (P<0.001) elevated serum total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, aminotransferases, conjugated bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and liver malondialdehyde concentrations when compared to the control group. Significantly (P<0.001) decreased liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione levels occurred in the PBA-administered group when compared to the control group. BPA caused hepatocyte necrosis, sinusoids, and central vein congestion. BPA-induced hepatotoxicity was reversed by GM; 20 mg/kg (P<0.05), 40 mg/kg (P<0.01), and 80 mg/kg (P<0.001) in a dose-related fashion when compared to BPA. Conclusion: GM may be effective against BPA-associated hepatotoxicity.
{"title":"The Preclinical Benefit of Glutamine in bisphenol A-induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats","authors":"Ben Enoluomen Ehigiator, Theodore Mmamsichukwu Ajaekwe, Elias Adikwu","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.1.744.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.744.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oxidative stress may be a causative factor for bisphenol A (BPA) -induced hepatotoxicity. Glutamine (GM) is an amino acid with the ability to inhibit oxidative stress. Objective: This study evaluated the ability of GM to prevent BPA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Adult Wistar rats of both sexes (n=30) were used. The rats were randomly grouped into six of five rats each. Groups A (Control), B, and C were treated with normal saline (0.2 mL), GM (80 mg/kg), and BPA (50 mg/kg), respectively for 60 days. Groups D-F were treated with GM (20 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), GM (40 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), and GM (80 mg/kg)+BPA (50 mg/kg), respectively for 60 days. After treatment, blood and liver samples were obtained for biochemical and histological assessments, respectively. Results: Significantly (P<0.01) decreased body weight and significantly (P<0.01) increased liver weight occurred in the BPA-administered group when compared to the control group. The BPA-administered group showed significantly (P<0.001) elevated serum total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, aminotransferases, conjugated bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and liver malondialdehyde concentrations when compared to the control group. Significantly (P<0.001) decreased liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione levels occurred in the PBA-administered group when compared to the control group. BPA caused hepatocyte necrosis, sinusoids, and central vein congestion. BPA-induced hepatotoxicity was reversed by GM; 20 mg/kg (P<0.05), 40 mg/kg (P<0.01), and 80 mg/kg (P<0.001) in a dose-related fashion when compared to BPA. Conclusion: GM may be effective against BPA-associated hepatotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82375921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluoxetine is a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) that exerts its anti-depressive effect by blocking the presynaptic reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Although fluoxetine is usually considered safe for most patients, in the present case report, we describe a young patient with Mixed Anxiety and Depression Disorder (MADD) treated with fluoxetine 10 mg/day, who developed hypotension when the dosage was titrated up to 20 mg/day. After discontinuing the use of fluoxetine, the symptoms of hypotension improved. A temporal association and dose-dependent relationship between the hypotension and the use of fluoxetine was observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report that precisely associates regular doses of fluoxetine with the presence of hypotension. Because boosting central serotonergic function lowers blood pressure, it is suggested that a significant effect of fluoxetine on the vasomotor center may be responsible for the reduction of blood pressure. Thus, physicians should be aware of the possible risk of hypotension induced by fluoxetine and recommend patients discontinue the drug immediately if complications have occurred.
{"title":"Fluoxetine-induced Hypotension: A Case Report","authors":"S. Hosseini, N. Zamani, A. Ahmadi","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.1.45.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.45.11","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoxetine is a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) that exerts its anti-depressive effect by blocking the presynaptic reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Although fluoxetine is usually considered safe for most patients, in the present case report, we describe a young patient with Mixed Anxiety and Depression Disorder (MADD) treated with fluoxetine 10 mg/day, who developed hypotension when the dosage was titrated up to 20 mg/day. After discontinuing the use of fluoxetine, the symptoms of hypotension improved. A temporal association and dose-dependent relationship between the hypotension and the use of fluoxetine was observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report that precisely associates regular doses of fluoxetine with the presence of hypotension. Because boosting central serotonergic function lowers blood pressure, it is suggested that a significant effect of fluoxetine on the vasomotor center may be responsible for the reduction of blood pressure. Thus, physicians should be aware of the possible risk of hypotension induced by fluoxetine and recommend patients discontinue the drug immediately if complications have occurred.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87254483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Yakubu, Charity Amos, Asinamai Ndai Medugu, Samuel I. Dawa, F. I. Abdulrahman, Olufunke Adebola Sodipo, B. Wampana
Background: Boswellia dalzielli Hutch. (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant, which is used locally by the local dwellers for the management and treatment of microbial-related diseases, neurological conditions, stomach spasms, diabetes, etc. Objectives: This study aimed at isolating a phytochemical of anti-diabetic potentials from the leaf of Boswellia dalzielii in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The n-butanol fraction of the leaf of B. dalzielii was fractionated using column chromatography. Fractions obtained were screened phytochemically and by antidiabetic study. Results: Encoded column fraction B4 (150 mg/kg) produced a maximum reduction (72.45%) in fasting blood glucose (FBG) of animals after 7 hours, which was significantly (P<0.05) different from the controls (alloxan-induced diabetic rats) and was better than glibenclamide (52.67%). The re-column fractions obtained from fraction B4 were pooled based on similar Rf values and encoded B41-B48, and subjected to further antidiabetic evaluation on alloxan-induced mice. Eight sub-fraction with doses of 50 mg/kg each were administered to all the groups. Fraction B44 had the highest reduction of FBG by 65.63%, whose effect was significantly higher than the non-treated diabetic mice (negative control) and glibenclamide (52.68%) at 2.0 mg. Further purification of sub-fraction B44 with Sephadex LH-20 yielded encoded fractions A, B, and C. Isolate C showed the highest inhibition of glycemia (22.85%) when the dose of 10 mg/kg was administered (p.o). Conclusion: The antidiabetic effect of the plant in laboratory animals (rats and mice) may be due to the presence of the isolated phenolic compounds.
{"title":"Bioassay-guided Antidiabetic Study of Chromatographic Fractions of Boswellia Dalzielii Hutch. Leaf Extract","authors":"J. Yakubu, Charity Amos, Asinamai Ndai Medugu, Samuel I. Dawa, F. I. Abdulrahman, Olufunke Adebola Sodipo, B. Wampana","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.1.1098.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.1098.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Boswellia dalzielli Hutch. (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant, which is used locally by the local dwellers for the management and treatment of microbial-related diseases, neurological conditions, stomach spasms, diabetes, etc. Objectives: This study aimed at isolating a phytochemical of anti-diabetic potentials from the leaf of Boswellia dalzielii in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The n-butanol fraction of the leaf of B. dalzielii was fractionated using column chromatography. Fractions obtained were screened phytochemically and by antidiabetic study. Results: Encoded column fraction B4 (150 mg/kg) produced a maximum reduction (72.45%) in fasting blood glucose (FBG) of animals after 7 hours, which was significantly (P<0.05) different from the controls (alloxan-induced diabetic rats) and was better than glibenclamide (52.67%). The re-column fractions obtained from fraction B4 were pooled based on similar Rf values and encoded B41-B48, and subjected to further antidiabetic evaluation on alloxan-induced mice. Eight sub-fraction with doses of 50 mg/kg each were administered to all the groups. Fraction B44 had the highest reduction of FBG by 65.63%, whose effect was significantly higher than the non-treated diabetic mice (negative control) and glibenclamide (52.68%) at 2.0 mg. Further purification of sub-fraction B44 with Sephadex LH-20 yielded encoded fractions A, B, and C. Isolate C showed the highest inhibition of glycemia (22.85%) when the dose of 10 mg/kg was administered (p.o). Conclusion: The antidiabetic effect of the plant in laboratory animals (rats and mice) may be due to the presence of the isolated phenolic compounds.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75872612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Motafeghi, E. Habibi, M. Firozjaei, M. Eghbali, P. Mortazavi, Amirhossein Salmanmahiny, M. Shokrzadeh
Background::Cancer is one of the problems facing societies today and despite new advances in chemotherapy and cancer treatment, there are still many cancers that do not respond to today’s treatments. Tarragon with the scientific name of Artemisia dracunculus L. has various flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds and many therapeutic effects. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of this plant on different categories of cancer cels. Methodes: After collecting the shoots of tarragon and extracting them by the maceration method, the weight of the extract with a yield of 22.25% was 12.9 g. After examining the presence of flavonoids and total phenol, the extract’s antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH and FRAP methods. Finally, MTT tests on three cancer cell lines, MCF-7, HT-29, and MKN45, were done using different concentrations of tarragon extract (100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg/mL). Results: Total flavonoids were detected at 24±1.18 mg of quercetin per gram of extract, and total phenols were detected at 59±2.21 mg of gallic acid per gram of extract. Examining the inhibitory effect of DPPH compared to vitamin C, it was found that the hydroalcoholic extract of tarragon has a 50% inhibitory effect. According to the standard curve, the amount of iron reduced by tarragon hydroalcoholic extract is equal to 405±0.11 μg/ml. The cytotoxic effect of tarragon hydroalcoholic extract on MCF7, MKN45, and HT-29 cell lines was investigated, and their IC50 values were 1065.669, 881.19, and 743.870 μg/mL, respectively. The A. dracunculus L extract inhibits the growth of cancer cells in various cell lines.
{"title":"The Cytotoxic Effect of the Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) Hydroalcoholic Extract on the HT-29, MKN45, and MCF-7 Cell Lines","authors":"F. Motafeghi, E. Habibi, M. Firozjaei, M. Eghbali, P. Mortazavi, Amirhossein Salmanmahiny, M. Shokrzadeh","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.1.1025.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.1025.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background::Cancer is one of the problems facing societies today and despite new advances in chemotherapy and cancer treatment, there are still many cancers that do not respond to today’s treatments. Tarragon with the scientific name of Artemisia dracunculus L. has various flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds and many therapeutic effects. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of this plant on different categories of cancer cels. Methodes: After collecting the shoots of tarragon and extracting them by the maceration method, the weight of the extract with a yield of 22.25% was 12.9 g. After examining the presence of flavonoids and total phenol, the extract’s antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH and FRAP methods. Finally, MTT tests on three cancer cell lines, MCF-7, HT-29, and MKN45, were done using different concentrations of tarragon extract (100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg/mL). Results: Total flavonoids were detected at 24±1.18 mg of quercetin per gram of extract, and total phenols were detected at 59±2.21 mg of gallic acid per gram of extract. Examining the inhibitory effect of DPPH compared to vitamin C, it was found that the hydroalcoholic extract of tarragon has a 50% inhibitory effect. According to the standard curve, the amount of iron reduced by tarragon hydroalcoholic extract is equal to 405±0.11 μg/ml. The cytotoxic effect of tarragon hydroalcoholic extract on MCF7, MKN45, and HT-29 cell lines was investigated, and their IC50 values were 1065.669, 881.19, and 743.870 μg/mL, respectively. The A. dracunculus L extract inhibits the growth of cancer cells in various cell lines.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91526237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Diabetes mellitus and anaemia are frequently reported to be associated with polycythemia in several studies. Furthermore, some studies also have linked polycythemia with hypertension. However, whether hypertension and diabetes comorbidity had polycythemia/erythrocytosis, thrombocythemia, or hyperfibrinogenemia is unknown. Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of polycythemia, thrombocythemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia in diabetic and hypertensive male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups, each with six animals: negative control (zero-salt diet), positive control (standard salt diet – 0.3% salt), high salt diet – 8% salt (HSD only), Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes fed with normal salt diet (STZ only), and high salt diet with STZ-induced diabetes (HSD+STZ). Hematological variables and fibrinogen concentration were measured after a 4-week experimental period. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and a P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The heart rate and mean arterial pressure increased significantly in the HSD, STZ, and HSD+STZ groups, suggesting salt-induced hypertension. Compared to the controls, the STZ and HSD +STZ groups had significantly higher hematocrit, platelet estimate, and fibrinogen concentration. The STZ and HSD+STZ groups had a shorter clotting period, which correlated with higher platelet counts and fibrinogen levels. Compared to the controls, the HSD group had a lower platelet count and fibrinogen concentration, as well as a longer clotting time. Conclusion: This study suggests that polycythemia, thrombocythemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia are potential risk factors for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Polycythemia, Thrombocythemia, and Hyperfibrinogenemia are Associated With Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes and Salt-induced Hypertension in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"David Ehikhuemen Okonofua, Jerome Ndudi Asiwe, Emuesiri Goodies Moke, Nosakhare Famous Igie, Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi, Jolaoluwa Oluwatosin Yesufu, Adesoji Adedipe Fasanmade","doi":"10.32598/pbr.9.1.1077.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.1077.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus and anaemia are frequently reported to be associated with polycythemia in several studies. Furthermore, some studies also have linked polycythemia with hypertension. However, whether hypertension and diabetes comorbidity had polycythemia/erythrocytosis, thrombocythemia, or hyperfibrinogenemia is unknown. Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of polycythemia, thrombocythemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia in diabetic and hypertensive male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups, each with six animals: negative control (zero-salt diet), positive control (standard salt diet – 0.3% salt), high salt diet – 8% salt (HSD only), Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes fed with normal salt diet (STZ only), and high salt diet with STZ-induced diabetes (HSD+STZ). Hematological variables and fibrinogen concentration were measured after a 4-week experimental period. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and a P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The heart rate and mean arterial pressure increased significantly in the HSD, STZ, and HSD+STZ groups, suggesting salt-induced hypertension. Compared to the controls, the STZ and HSD +STZ groups had significantly higher hematocrit, platelet estimate, and fibrinogen concentration. The STZ and HSD+STZ groups had a shorter clotting period, which correlated with higher platelet counts and fibrinogen levels. Compared to the controls, the HSD group had a lower platelet count and fibrinogen concentration, as well as a longer clotting time. Conclusion: This study suggests that polycythemia, thrombocythemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia are potential risk factors for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81168352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samaneh Rahamouz Haghighi, A. Yazdinezhad, K. Bagheri, A. Sharafi
Background:Plantago lanceolata L. (P. lanceolate) and Plantago major L. (P. major) belong to the Plantaginaceae family and are widely used in traditional medicine. Objectives: This study aims to qualitatively identify the crucial compounds and evaluate the toxicity effects of essential oils of two Plantago species. Methods: The plantains were collected from Zanjan Province, Iran. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and then analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The toxicity effects of the essential oils were evaluated on HCT-116 and HEK-293 cell lines (in vitro MTT assay) and Artemia salina (A.salina) (in vivo assay). The constituents of the essential oils were identified by calculating their retention indices under temperature-programmed conditions for n-alkanes (C8 -C20) in the Agilent 19091S-433 column. Results: The main identified constituents were metaraminol (14.04%), bifemelane (8.73%), metossamina (8.16%), and pterin-6-carboxylic acid (5.11%) in P. lanceolata and 2-dodecen-1-yl (-) succinic anhydride (15.29%), benzenemethanol, α-(1-aminoethyl)-2,5- dimethoxy-(11.83%), dl-phenylephrine (7.51%), and nortriptyline (5.15%) in P. major. The essential oils of P. major exhibited more antiproliferative properties on HCT-116 at 72 h compared to P. lanceolata (IC50: 102.66 µg/mL). At 400 µg/mL of P. lanceolata and P. major, the percentage of the lethality of nauplii was 8% and 12%, respectively (LC50:2242.57 µg/ mL and 1783.7 µg/mL). The present study showed that the most of constituents of oils were alcohols and amines. Conclusion: Some of the compounds identified in the Plantago species essential oils have important pharmaceutical properties. This study reported the cytotoxicity of essential oils on the colon cancer cell line. However, the essential oils were not toxic against A.salina at the examined concentrations.
背景:车前子(Plantago lanceolata L.， P. lanceolate)和大车前子(Plantago major, P. major)属于车前科植物，具有广泛的药用价值。目的:定性鉴定两种车前草挥发油的主要成分并评价其毒性作用。方法:大蕉采自伊朗赞詹省。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油，气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)对精油进行分析。采用体外MTT法观察精油对HCT-116、HEK-293细胞株和体内盐蒿(A.salina)的毒性作用。在Agilent 19091S-433色谱柱上，通过计算正烷烃(C8 -C20)的保留指数来鉴定精油的成分。结果:杉木中鉴定出的主要成分为甲氨醇(14.04%)、双甲烯烷(8.73%)、metossamina(8.16%)和蝶呤-6-羧酸(5.11%)，杉木中鉴定出的主要成分为2-十二-1-酰基(-)丁二酸酐(15.29%)、苯乙醇、α-(1-氨基乙基)-2,5-二甲氧基-(11.83%)、l-苯肾上腺素(7.51%)和去甲替林(5.15%)。大叶青挥发油对HCT-116的抑制作用在72 h时优于杉木挥发油(IC50: 102.66µg/mL)。在杉木和大杉木浓度为400µg/mL时，nauplii的致死率分别为8%和12% (LC50:2242.57µg/mL和1783.7µg/mL)。本研究表明，油脂的主要成分是醇类和胺类。结论:车前草属植物精油中部分化合物具有重要的药理作用。本研究报道了精油对结肠癌细胞系的细胞毒性作用。然而，在检测浓度下，精油对盐芽孢杆菌没有毒性。
{"title":"Volatile Constituents and Toxicity of Essential Oils Extracted From Aerial Parts of Plantago Lanceolata and Plantago Major Growing in Iran","authors":"Samaneh Rahamouz Haghighi, A. Yazdinezhad, K. Bagheri, A. Sharafi","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v8i3.11035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v8i3.11035","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Plantago lanceolata L. (P. lanceolate) and Plantago major L. (P. major) belong to the Plantaginaceae family and are widely used in traditional medicine. \u0000Objectives: This study aims to qualitatively identify the crucial compounds and evaluate the toxicity effects of essential oils of two Plantago species. \u0000Methods: The plantains were collected from Zanjan Province, Iran. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and then analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The toxicity effects of the essential oils were evaluated on HCT-116 and HEK-293 cell lines (in vitro MTT assay) and Artemia salina (A.salina) (in vivo assay). The constituents of the essential oils were identified by calculating their retention indices under temperature-programmed conditions for n-alkanes (C8 -C20) in the Agilent 19091S-433 column. \u0000Results: The main identified constituents were metaraminol (14.04%), bifemelane (8.73%), metossamina (8.16%), and pterin-6-carboxylic acid (5.11%) in P. lanceolata and 2-dodecen-1-yl (-) succinic anhydride (15.29%), benzenemethanol, α-(1-aminoethyl)-2,5- dimethoxy-(11.83%), dl-phenylephrine (7.51%), and nortriptyline (5.15%) in P. major. The essential oils of P. major exhibited more antiproliferative properties on HCT-116 at 72 h compared to P. lanceolata (IC50: 102.66 µg/mL). At 400 µg/mL of P. lanceolata and P. major, the percentage of the lethality of nauplii was 8% and 12%, respectively (LC50:2242.57 µg/ mL and 1783.7 µg/mL). The present study showed that the most of constituents of oils were alcohols and amines. \u0000Conclusion: Some of the compounds identified in the Plantago species essential oils have important pharmaceutical properties. This study reported the cytotoxicity of essential oils on the colon cancer cell line. However, the essential oils were not toxic against A.salina at the examined concentrations.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78801474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mangrove ecosystems have been recognized to include a wide range of secondary metabolites, which are biochemically distinct, resulting in a diverse range of natural compounds with unique bioactivity. They have active metabolites with new chemical structures from a variety of chemical classes. Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity of four major mangrove plants (Excoecaria agallocha L., Acrostichum aureum L., Aegiceras corniculatum L., and Avicennia officinalis L.). Methods: This experimental study was held in the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Khulna University, Bangladesh, in 2016. At the first phytochemical screening of the selected plants was observed. Then, the bioactivity as preliminary cytotoxic activity was performed using brine shrimp lethality (BSL) bioassay where a significant 50% Lethal Concentration (LC50) was exerted using polar solvent (ethanol) extract of different plant parts (leaf, bark, and stem). Then, Resazurin Cell Viability Assay was performed only for ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha using four standard bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, Salmonella paratyphi ATCC 9150, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923). Results: The experimental findings showed significantly strong LC50 by ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha and other plants, like A. corniculatum, A. aureum, and A. officinalis showed moderate and negligible cytotoxicity, respectively. Then, the experimental findings showed significantly (P≤0.05) strong IC50 by ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha. Conclusion: The screens employed in this present study are preliminary and advanced assays are needed to verify and reveal further this bioactivity present in those plants, particularly E. agallocha.
{"title":"The Phytochemical Screening and Anti-cancer activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Selected Mangrove Plants","authors":"Sharmin Sultana, R. Biswas, K.M. Didarul Islam","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v8i2.11026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v8i2.11026","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mangrove ecosystems have been recognized to include a wide range of secondary metabolites, which are biochemically distinct, resulting in a diverse range of natural compounds with unique bioactivity. They have active metabolites with new chemical structures from a variety of chemical classes. \u0000Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity of four major mangrove plants (Excoecaria agallocha L., Acrostichum aureum L., Aegiceras corniculatum L., and Avicennia officinalis L.). \u0000Methods: This experimental study was held in the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of Khulna University, Bangladesh, in 2016. At the first phytochemical screening of the selected plants was observed. Then, the bioactivity as preliminary cytotoxic activity was performed using brine shrimp lethality (BSL) bioassay where a significant 50% Lethal Concentration (LC50) was exerted using polar solvent (ethanol) extract of different plant parts (leaf, bark, and stem). Then, Resazurin Cell Viability Assay was performed only for ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha using four standard bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, Salmonella paratyphi ATCC 9150, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923). \u0000Results: The experimental findings showed significantly strong LC50 by ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha and other plants, like A. corniculatum, A. aureum, and A. officinalis showed moderate and negligible cytotoxicity, respectively. Then, the experimental findings showed significantly (P≤0.05) strong IC50 by ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of E. agallocha. \u0000Conclusion: The screens employed in this present study are preliminary and advanced assays are needed to verify and reveal further this bioactivity present in those plants, particularly E. agallocha.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83933763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadia Fallah, Maryam Paktinat, Milad Rasouli, M. Nabiuni, E. Amini
Background: Primordial follicle includes an oocyte surrounded by a layer of somatic cells called Granulosa Cells (GCs). GCs, also known as nurse cells, are an important protective element for the growth and survival of oocytes. Oocytes, which lack some of the metabolic processes, require granulosa cells for their development. Objectives: This manuscript was provided to explain the protocol of GCs primary culture extracted from NMRI mice ovaries. Methods: For choosing the optimum protocol, we used two methods with different culture mediums to obtain more GCs and expedite the process. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and flow cytometry were used to analyze the type of extracted cells from ovaries. Besides, we evaluated the effect of crocin and DPP as two common natural products in Iran on the proliferation of these cells via MTT assay. Results: Second protocol method and alpha-MEM culture medium were chosen based on the results. Our findings from HE staining and flow cytometry proved the percentage of cultured GCs in the flask. Further, MTT assessment demonstrated that crocin at high doses had a toxic effect on granulosa cells, whereas date palm pollen (DPP) stimulated them to proliferation. Conclusion: Modifying this protocol is for the improvement of proliferation, coherence, and quality of GCs in primary culture and subculture. Regarding the effect of these two natural products on granulosa cells, we can mention the bilateral effect of crocin and DPP enhancement in proliferation.
{"title":"Optimized Primary Culture and Subculture of Granulosa Cells","authors":"Nadia Fallah, Maryam Paktinat, Milad Rasouli, M. Nabiuni, E. Amini","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v8i2.11029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v8i2.11029","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primordial follicle includes an oocyte surrounded by a layer of somatic cells called Granulosa Cells (GCs). GCs, also known as nurse cells, are an important protective element for the growth and survival of oocytes. Oocytes, which lack some of the metabolic processes, require granulosa cells for their development. \u0000Objectives: This manuscript was provided to explain the protocol of GCs primary culture extracted from NMRI mice ovaries. \u0000Methods: For choosing the optimum protocol, we used two methods with different culture mediums to obtain more GCs and expedite the process. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and flow cytometry were used to analyze the type of extracted cells from ovaries. Besides, we evaluated the effect of crocin and DPP as two common natural products in Iran on the proliferation of these cells via MTT assay. \u0000Results: Second protocol method and alpha-MEM culture medium were chosen based on the results. Our findings from HE staining and flow cytometry proved the percentage of cultured GCs in the flask. Further, MTT assessment demonstrated that crocin at high doses had a toxic effect on granulosa cells, whereas date palm pollen (DPP) stimulated them to proliferation. \u0000Conclusion: Modifying this protocol is for the improvement of proliferation, coherence, and quality of GCs in primary culture and subculture. Regarding the effect of these two natural products on granulosa cells, we can mention the bilateral effect of crocin and DPP enhancement in proliferation.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82850054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. M. Martín Giménez, R. Sanz, L. Mazzei, R. Bonafede, W. Manucha
Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially heart failure (HF) as its common final pathway, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, oxidative and inflammatory processes represent fundamental underlying mechanisms for the development and progression of HF. Of interest, in recent years the development of markers with diagnostic and prognostic value for this pathology and other related CVD has been revalued. Objectives:This study was done to quantify and evaluate inflammatory markers, such as ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (uCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the serum of patients with HF and to compare them with healthy individuals, also correlate the values obtained from oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability previously investigated in these patients with the coexistence or not of secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH) associated with HF. Methods: The determination of all parameters was achieved with standardized, reproducible, accurate, and affordable biochemical methods. Results: The values obtained for uCRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were following the pattern of oxidative markers previously found in these patients. These findings indicate the coexistence of oxidative stress and inflammation during HF. Of particular interest, such markers are more exacerbated when were associated with SPH, increasing its value as possible biomarkers in this pathology. However, the found levels of Hsp70 were controversial. Conclusion: The pattern of oxidative-inflammatory markers suggests their value as possible biomarkers in this cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to assess in greater detail the importance of the relationship between serum Hsp70 expression and SPH-associated or non-SPH morbidity in HF.
{"title":"Novel Possible Biomarkers for the Cardiovascular Disease Prognosis","authors":"V. M. Martín Giménez, R. Sanz, L. Mazzei, R. Bonafede, W. Manucha","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v8i2.11028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v8i2.11028","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially heart failure (HF) as its common final pathway, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, oxidative and inflammatory processes represent fundamental underlying mechanisms for the development and progression of HF. Of interest, in recent years the development of markers with diagnostic and prognostic value for this pathology and other related CVD has been revalued. \u0000Objectives:This study was done to quantify and evaluate inflammatory markers, such as ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (uCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the serum of patients with HF and to compare them with healthy individuals, also correlate the values obtained from oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability previously investigated in these patients with the coexistence or not of secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH) associated with HF. \u0000Methods: The determination of all parameters was achieved with standardized, reproducible, accurate, and affordable biochemical methods. \u0000Results: The values obtained for uCRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were following the pattern of oxidative markers previously found in these patients. These findings indicate the coexistence of oxidative stress and inflammation during HF. Of particular interest, such markers are more exacerbated when were associated with SPH, increasing its value as possible biomarkers in this pathology. However, the found levels of Hsp70 were controversial. \u0000Conclusion: The pattern of oxidative-inflammatory markers suggests their value as possible biomarkers in this cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to assess in greater detail the importance of the relationship between serum Hsp70 expression and SPH-associated or non-SPH morbidity in HF.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83156221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The illegal use of anabolic and androgenic steroids is a public health problem and their side effects in women are different from the side effects observed in men. Objectives: This study aims to compare the effects of consuming propolis and chicory for 8 weeks and resistance training on histopathological and morphometric changes of the uterine tissue in rats treated with testosterone enanthate. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8): control (placebo), sham (resistance training), resistance training plus testosterone enanthate (20 mg/kg body weight), resistance training plus testosterone enanthate+chicory (6 g/kg body weight), and resistance training plus testosterone enanthate plus propolis (400 mg/kg body weight). The resistance training protocol was performed 5 sessions per week in 4 rounds with an intensity of 40% to 160% of the body weight of the mice for 8 weeks. After weighing and dissection, the uterine tissue was examined histologically. Results: The thickness of the endometrial layer in the sham, testosterone, and propolis groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant decrease in the thickness of the functional layer in the sham, testosterone, chicory, and propolis groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The thickness of the basal layer showed a significant decrease in the testosterone and propolis groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Glands in the testosterone, chicory, and propolis groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). The thickness of the myometrial layer showed a significant decrease in the testosterone group compared to the control, sham, chicory, and propolis groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that high-intensity resistance training combined with the use of testosterone enanthate causes histopathological changes in the uterus of female rats. Meanwhile, the use of propolis and chicory can improve the effects of testosterone enanthate as a treatment option.
{"title":"Comparing the Effects of Consuming Propolis and Chicory for Eight Weeks and Resistance Training on Histopathological and Morphometric Changes of Uterine Tissue in Rats Treated With Testosterone Enanthate","authors":"S. Movahed, Mohsen Akbarpour Beni, E. Cheraghi","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v8i3.11033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v8i3.11033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The illegal use of anabolic and androgenic steroids is a public health problem and their side effects in women are different from the side effects observed in men. \u0000Objectives: This study aims to compare the effects of consuming propolis and chicory for 8 weeks and resistance training on histopathological and morphometric changes of the uterine tissue in rats treated with testosterone enanthate. \u0000Methods: In this experimental study, 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8): control (placebo), sham (resistance training), resistance training plus testosterone enanthate (20 mg/kg body weight), resistance training plus testosterone enanthate+chicory (6 g/kg body weight), and resistance training plus testosterone enanthate plus propolis (400 mg/kg body weight). The resistance training protocol was performed 5 sessions per week in 4 rounds with an intensity of 40% to 160% of the body weight of the mice for 8 weeks. After weighing and dissection, the uterine tissue was examined histologically. \u0000Results: The thickness of the endometrial layer in the sham, testosterone, and propolis groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant decrease in the thickness of the functional layer in the sham, testosterone, chicory, and propolis groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The thickness of the basal layer showed a significant decrease in the testosterone and propolis groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Glands in the testosterone, chicory, and propolis groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). The thickness of the myometrial layer showed a significant decrease in the testosterone group compared to the control, sham, chicory, and propolis groups (P<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The results showed that high-intensity resistance training combined with the use of testosterone enanthate causes histopathological changes in the uterus of female rats. Meanwhile, the use of propolis and chicory can improve the effects of testosterone enanthate as a treatment option.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90642238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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