Background: Amygdalin has many pharmacological activities, such as analgesic and antiasthmatic effects. Although several studies supported the cytotoxic effects of amygdalin on different cancer cell lines, no general agreement has been reached on the anticancer aspect of amygdalin. Objectives: This review aims to focus on the pharmacological and toxicological effects of amygdalin and provide a reference and perspective for further investigation. Methods: Electronic databases, including the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, were searched to identify eligible studies on the pharmacological and toxicological effects of amygdalin and provide a reference and perspective for further investigation. Totally, 90 papers about in vitro or in vivo studies on amygdalin have been reviewed. Results: Pharmacological activities of amygdalin have been well documented over the years; however, in some cases, dose-dependent toxicity has been reported in the human body. Since the acute toxicity of oral administration of amygdalin is far greater than the intravenous route, several in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to assess the amygdalin’s pharmacological value for the induction of apoptosis and anticancer effects. Conclusion: Amygdalin generally has dose-dependent effects. It has positive or desirable effects at lower doses and undesirable impact at a higher intake level. However, there are substantial inter-individual variations.
背景:苦杏仁苷具有镇痛、平喘等药理作用。虽然有几项研究支持苦杏仁苷对不同癌细胞系的细胞毒性作用，但对苦杏仁苷的抗癌作用尚未达成普遍共识。目的:综述苦杏仁苷的药理和毒理学作用，为进一步研究提供参考和视角。方法:检索Web of Science、PubMed、Google Scholar、ScienceDirect等电子数据库，筛选符合条件的有关苦杏仁苷药理和毒理学作用的研究，为进一步研究提供参考和视角。本文综述了有关苦杏仁苷体内、体外研究的相关文献90篇。结果:多年来，苦杏仁苷的药理作用已被证实;然而，在某些情况下，已报道了人体剂量依赖性毒性。由于口服苦杏仁苷的急性毒性远大于静脉给药，因此需要进行一些体外和体内研究来评估苦杏仁苷在诱导细胞凋亡和抗癌作用方面的药理价值。结论:苦杏仁苷具有剂量依赖性。它在低剂量下有积极或理想的效果，而在高剂量下则有不良影响。然而，个体之间存在着很大的差异。
{"title":"The Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Amygdalin: A Review Study","authors":"Parisa Saberi Hasanabadi, F. Shaki","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v8i1.9381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v8i1.9381","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Amygdalin has many pharmacological activities, such as analgesic and antiasthmatic effects. Although several studies supported the cytotoxic effects of amygdalin on different cancer cell lines, no general agreement has been reached on the anticancer aspect of amygdalin. \u0000Objectives: This review aims to focus on the pharmacological and toxicological effects of amygdalin and provide a reference and perspective for further investigation. \u0000Methods: Electronic databases, including the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, were searched to identify eligible studies on the pharmacological and toxicological effects of amygdalin and provide a reference and perspective for further investigation. Totally, 90 papers about in vitro or in vivo studies on amygdalin have been reviewed. \u0000Results: Pharmacological activities of amygdalin have been well documented over the years; however, in some cases, dose-dependent toxicity has been reported in the human body. Since the acute toxicity of oral administration of amygdalin is far greater than the intravenous route, several in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to assess the amygdalin’s pharmacological value for the induction of apoptosis and anticancer effects. \u0000Conclusion: Amygdalin generally has dose-dependent effects. It has positive or desirable effects at lower doses and undesirable impact at a higher intake level. However, there are substantial inter-individual variations.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80461072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shokrzadeh, M. Hosseinzadeh, Mansoureh Boustani, E. Habibi
Background: Because of its stimulating and valuable effects, tea is the most commonly used beverage in the world after water. These effects are due to caffeine and phenolic compounds in tea. Also, most of the tea in Iran is planted in Gilan Province. However, food pollution from heavy metals is one of the most important problems. Objectives: In this research, we measured the total phenolic content, caffeine, lead, cadmium, and chromium in green and black tea cultivated in Gilan Province. Methods: Ten samples of green and black tea were purchased from different regions of Gilan Province. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were prepared. Total phenol and caffeine were detected by spectroscopy. Quantification of heavy metals was done by digestion methods and examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The Mesn±SD amounts of total phenolic content, caffeine, lead, cadmium, and chromium in green tea from all regions comprised 27.13±1.54%, 3.20±0.01%, 0.81±0.66 ppm, 1.54±1.39 ppm, and 0.28±0.20 ppm, respectively, and these amounts in black tea were 14.90±1.53%, 3.20±0.05%, 1.00±0.79 ppm, 1.65±0.93 ppm, and 0.24±0.15 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The content of total phenol and lead in tea was different in various regions of Gilan Province. Green tea contains more phenolic compounds than black tea, but the caffeine in green and black tea is almost equal. The amounts of cadmium and chromium in some Gilan Province areas are higher than the standard level, which needs to be investigated.
{"title":"Determination of Caffeine, Total Phenol, and Heavy Metals Content in Green and Black Tea Collected From Gilan Province, Iran by spectroscopic method","authors":"M. Shokrzadeh, M. Hosseinzadeh, Mansoureh Boustani, E. Habibi","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v8i1.9383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v8i1.9383","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Because of its stimulating and valuable effects, tea is the most commonly used beverage in the world after water. These effects are due to caffeine and phenolic compounds in tea. Also, most of the tea in Iran is planted in Gilan Province. However, food pollution from heavy metals is one of the most important problems. \u0000Objectives: In this research, we measured the total phenolic content, caffeine, lead, cadmium, and chromium in green and black tea cultivated in Gilan Province. \u0000Methods: Ten samples of green and black tea were purchased from different regions of Gilan Province. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were prepared. Total phenol and caffeine were detected by spectroscopy. Quantification of heavy metals was done by digestion methods and examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. \u0000Results: The Mesn±SD amounts of total phenolic content, caffeine, lead, cadmium, and chromium in green tea from all regions comprised 27.13±1.54%, 3.20±0.01%, 0.81±0.66 ppm, 1.54±1.39 ppm, and 0.28±0.20 ppm, respectively, and these amounts in black tea were 14.90±1.53%, 3.20±0.05%, 1.00±0.79 ppm, 1.65±0.93 ppm, and 0.24±0.15 ppm, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The content of total phenol and lead in tea was different in various regions of Gilan Province. Green tea contains more phenolic compounds than black tea, but the caffeine in green and black tea is almost equal. The amounts of cadmium and chromium in some Gilan Province areas are higher than the standard level, which needs to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85630601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Arsenic is a heavy metal that causes malformation. It affects the reproductive system of men by induction of oxidative stress. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of Vitamin C (Vit C), as a potent antioxidant, on sperm quality and testicular tissue in mice that received sodium arsenite. Methods: A total of 28 adult male NMRI mice were divided into four groups: control, sodium arsenite (7 mg/kg/d), Vitamin C (Vit C; 150 mg/kg/d), and sodium arsenite+Vit C (with previous doses). Gavage treatments were administered for 35 days. At the end of the treatments, the right testis was used for histopathological observations and apoptosis assessment, and the left testis to evaluate sperm parameters. Results: Sperm parameters such as count, motility, viability, morphology, tail length, Daily Sperm Production (DSP), the diameter of seminiferous tubules, the height of the germinal epithelium, and the number of germ cells and Sertoli cells were significantly decreased in the sodium arsenite group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased, and serum testosterone levels were significantly reduced in the sodium arsenite group. The mentioned parameters were compensated for in the sodium arsenite+Vit C group compared to the sodium arsenite group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin C can decrease the undesired changes induced by sodium arsenite in the male reproductive system.
{"title":"The Effects of Vitamin C on the Quality of Semen, Testicular Tissue, and Apoptosis in Mice Exposed to Sodium Arsenite","authors":"E. Cheraghi, Hamid Piroozmanesh, M. Mehranjani","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v8i1.9382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v8i1.9382","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Arsenic is a heavy metal that causes malformation. It affects the reproductive system of men by induction of oxidative stress. \u0000Objectives: This study investigated the effect of Vitamin C (Vit C), as a potent antioxidant, on sperm quality and testicular tissue in mice that received sodium arsenite. \u0000Methods: A total of 28 adult male NMRI mice were divided into four groups: control, sodium arsenite (7 mg/kg/d), Vitamin C (Vit C; 150 mg/kg/d), and sodium arsenite+Vit C (with previous doses). Gavage treatments were administered for 35 days. At the end of the treatments, the right testis was used for histopathological observations and apoptosis assessment, and the left testis to evaluate sperm parameters. \u0000Results: Sperm parameters such as count, motility, viability, morphology, tail length, Daily Sperm Production (DSP), the diameter of seminiferous tubules, the height of the germinal epithelium, and the number of germ cells and Sertoli cells were significantly decreased in the sodium arsenite group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased, and serum testosterone levels were significantly reduced in the sodium arsenite group. The mentioned parameters were compensated for in the sodium arsenite+Vit C group compared to the sodium arsenite group (P<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Vitamin C can decrease the undesired changes induced by sodium arsenite in the male reproductive system.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83725064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kandikattu, N. Amruta, F. Khanum, V.V.P.C. Narayana, Doddaga Srinivasulu
Background: Since time immemorial, humans have identified several herbs to treat various ailments. With the advancement of science and state-of-the-art technologies, different herbal extracts and chemical constituents of herbs were identified as therapeutic targets. Cyperus rotundus, also called mustaka, is one of the most ancient herbs widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions across the globe. The tuberous and aerial parts of the herb were identified to possess various pharmacological properties. Objectives: This review focuses on the various phytocompounds of mustaka and how these compounds exert pharmacological effects and their mode of action. The molecular and cellular effects of mustaka were also discussed based on the preclinical and clinical reports available using an array of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo methodologies. Methods: The information from Google Scholar, Science direct, PUBMED, were reviewed with a special focus on the mode of action of C. rotundus from the data on animal and preclinical experiments to treat various diseases. Conclusion: Based on the literature available on C. rotundus in Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, the pharmacological properties of mustaka were reviewed with a particular focus on its neuropharmacological activities. The mode of action of C. rotundus and its bioactive metabolites at the molecular biology level were demonstrated based on animal and preclinical experiments to cure various ailments. These diverse effects prove C. rotundus as a valuable traditional medicine for treating various disorders.
{"title":"A Review on Cyperus rotundus: Ancient Weed to Modern Elixir of Life Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Uses of Cyperus rotundus (Mustaka)","authors":"H. Kandikattu, N. Amruta, F. Khanum, V.V.P.C. Narayana, Doddaga Srinivasulu","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9369","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since time immemorial, humans have identified several herbs to treat various ailments. With the advancement of science and state-of-the-art technologies, different herbal extracts and chemical constituents of herbs were identified as therapeutic targets. Cyperus rotundus, also called mustaka, is one of the most ancient herbs widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions across the globe. The tuberous and aerial parts of the herb were identified to possess various pharmacological properties. \u0000Objectives: This review focuses on the various phytocompounds of mustaka and how these compounds exert pharmacological effects and their mode of action. The molecular and cellular effects of mustaka were also discussed based on the preclinical and clinical reports available using an array of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo methodologies. \u0000Methods: The information from Google Scholar, Science direct, PUBMED, were reviewed with a special focus on the mode of action of C. rotundus from the data on animal and preclinical experiments to treat various diseases. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the literature available on C. rotundus in Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, the pharmacological properties of mustaka were reviewed with a particular focus on its neuropharmacological activities. The mode of action of C. rotundus and its bioactive metabolites at the molecular biology level were demonstrated based on animal and preclinical experiments to cure various ailments. These diverse effects prove C. rotundus as a valuable traditional medicine for treating various disorders.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82111006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamideh Abbaspour Kasgary, Parisa Moradimajd, Hamidreza Samaei, L. Davoodi
Background: In late December 2019, a kind of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. This virus rapidly spread worldwide and infected 195 countries and territories, including Iran. By March 22, 2020, the virus had affected more than 40000 people worldwide and caused more than 19000 deaths. Pregnant women are a vulnerable group to viral infections because partial immune suppression occurs during pregnancy. Therefore, the COVID-19 epidemic may cause a rising global concern about its consequences for pregnant women and fetuses. Objectives:In this case study, we report the delivery of a pregnant woman after her COVID-19 confirmation. Methods: We report a 44-year-old pregnant woman (32 weeks gestation) with COVID-19 who gave birth to a healthy baby with no evidence of COVID-19. We did not observe any worse clinical outcomes, such as maternal mortality, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and preterm delivery. Results: A preterm baby girl with 2500 g weight and Apgar scores at 5 minutes and 10 minutes were 9 and 10 was delivered. The preterm baby was normocephalic, had no icteric sclera, and the heart sounded normal without murmurs, Lung ventilation was normal. Conclusion: Viral pneumonia may severely be presented in pregnancy because of physiological and immunological changes and shift from cell-mediated to humoral-mediated immunity during the pregnancy period. Vertical transmission of COVID-19 from mother to child, shortterm and long-term adverse effects on mother and newborn are still unclear and controversial.
{"title":"Healthy Baby Delivery of a COVID-19 Infected Mother in Iran: Process and Protection","authors":"Hamideh Abbaspour Kasgary, Parisa Moradimajd, Hamidreza Samaei, L. Davoodi","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9370","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In late December 2019, a kind of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. This virus rapidly spread worldwide and infected 195 countries and territories, including Iran. By March 22, 2020, the virus had affected more than 40000 people worldwide and caused more than 19000 deaths. Pregnant women are a vulnerable group to viral infections because partial immune suppression occurs during pregnancy. Therefore, the COVID-19 epidemic may cause a rising global concern about its consequences for pregnant women and fetuses. \u0000Objectives:In this case study, we report the delivery of a pregnant woman after her COVID-19 confirmation. \u0000Methods: We report a 44-year-old pregnant woman (32 weeks gestation) with COVID-19 who gave birth to a healthy baby with no evidence of COVID-19. We did not observe any worse clinical outcomes, such as maternal mortality, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and preterm delivery. \u0000Results: A preterm baby girl with 2500 g weight and Apgar scores at 5 minutes and 10 minutes were 9 and 10 was delivered. The preterm baby was normocephalic, had no icteric sclera, and the heart sounded normal without murmurs, Lung ventilation was normal. \u0000Conclusion: Viral pneumonia may severely be presented in pregnancy because of physiological and immunological changes and shift from cell-mediated to humoral-mediated immunity during the pregnancy period. Vertical transmission of COVID-19 from mother to child, shortterm and long-term adverse effects on mother and newborn are still unclear and controversial.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80436234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Alemrajabi, Mehdi Dastorani, Hadi Hamidi, Saeed Mohammadian, Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar
Background: Dental caries and periodontal diseases are among the most common oral diseases, and research to achieve an effective strategy to overcome these diseases is necessary. One of these strategies is to use anti-septics and disinfectants, including mouthwashes. Although chlorhexidine was the first and most common mouthwash and the gold standard of anti-plaque treatments, it bears many side effects. However, herbal mouthwashes with antimicrobial properties and fewer side effects can effectively treat many of these diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficiency of the two herbal types of mouthwash produced in Iran. Methods: The present in vitro study was conducted to investigate the anti-bacterial effects of persica and propolis mouthwashes on three strains of oral streptococci. The Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) was measured by the Disk Diffusion Method (DDM). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of each mouthwash was determined for all microorganisms using the macrodilution method. Results: Statistical analysis of data of DDM showed that the anti-bacterial effect of persica was significantly higher than propolis against Streptococcus. salivarius and Streptococcus. mutans (P<0.001), and these two types of mouthwash had similar anti-bacterial effects on Streptococcus. sanguis. Local propolis exhibited better MIC results than persica against S. salivarius and S. mutans, and these two types of mouthwash showed similar results against S. sanguis. Conclusion: Local propolis was more potent than persica in preventing the growth of oral streptococci.
{"title":"Effects of Propolis and Persica Mouthwashes on Three Common Oral Streptococci: A Comparative Study","authors":"M. Alemrajabi, Mehdi Dastorani, Hadi Hamidi, Saeed Mohammadian, Maryam-Sadat Sadrzadeh-Afshar","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9379","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dental caries and periodontal diseases are among the most common oral diseases, and research to achieve an effective strategy to overcome these diseases is necessary. One of these strategies is to use anti-septics and disinfectants, including mouthwashes. Although chlorhexidine was the first and most common mouthwash and the gold standard of anti-plaque treatments, it bears many side effects. However, herbal mouthwashes with antimicrobial properties and fewer side effects can effectively treat many of these diseases. \u0000Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficiency of the two herbal types of mouthwash produced in Iran. \u0000Methods: The present in vitro study was conducted to investigate the anti-bacterial effects of persica and propolis mouthwashes on three strains of oral streptococci. The Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) was measured by the Disk Diffusion Method (DDM). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of each mouthwash was determined for all microorganisms using the macrodilution method. \u0000Results: Statistical analysis of data of DDM showed that the anti-bacterial effect of persica was significantly higher than propolis against Streptococcus. salivarius and Streptococcus. mutans (P<0.001), and these two types of mouthwash had similar anti-bacterial effects on Streptococcus. sanguis. Local propolis exhibited better MIC results than persica against S. salivarius and S. mutans, and these two types of mouthwash showed similar results against S. sanguis. \u0000Conclusion: Local propolis was more potent than persica in preventing the growth of oral streptococci.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73348455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adeola Folasade Ehigie, O. Akinyemi, T. E. Ayoade, A. F. Ogundola, Sunday Faith Oyelere, Folasade P. Olabinri
Background: Oxidative Stress (OS) can result in several diseases, such as cancer or neurodegenerative illnesses. Plant antioxidants can supplement the body’s antioxidant system, thereby reducing cell oxidation resulting from OS. Objectives: In this research, the antioxidant potential of aqueous husk extract of Cocos nucifera and aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera was evaluated and compared. Methods:Total Phenolic Contents (TPCs), iron-chelating ability, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging antioxidant activity of aqueous husk extract of Cocos nucifera and aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera are determined spectrophotometrically at varying concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 125µg/mL) and 1-sample t test statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism. The statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The aqueous husk extract of Cocos nucifera and aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera possess antioxidant activities at all tested concentrations. Significant increases were observed in TPCs, iron-chelating ability, and FRAP of aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera compared with aqueous husk extracts of Cocos nucifera at the same concentration. In contrast, a significant decrease in DPPH scavenging activities was observed. Conclusion: Both aqueous husk extract of Cocos nucifera and aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera are potent antioxidant agents and could be useful in supplementing the endogenous antioxidant system. Albeit, the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera is a more powerful antioxidant agent.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Antioxidant Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaf and Cocos nucifera Husk: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Adeola Folasade Ehigie, O. Akinyemi, T. E. Ayoade, A. F. Ogundola, Sunday Faith Oyelere, Folasade P. Olabinri","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9378","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oxidative Stress (OS) can result in several diseases, such as cancer or neurodegenerative illnesses. Plant antioxidants can supplement the body’s antioxidant system, thereby reducing cell oxidation resulting from OS. \u0000Objectives: In this research, the antioxidant potential of aqueous husk extract of Cocos nucifera and aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera was evaluated and compared. \u0000Methods:Total Phenolic Contents (TPCs), iron-chelating ability, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging antioxidant activity of aqueous husk extract of Cocos nucifera and aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera are determined spectrophotometrically at varying concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 125µg/mL) and 1-sample t test statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism. The statistical significance was set at P<0.05. \u0000Results: The aqueous husk extract of Cocos nucifera and aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera possess antioxidant activities at all tested concentrations. Significant increases were observed in TPCs, iron-chelating ability, and FRAP of aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera compared with aqueous husk extracts of Cocos nucifera at the same concentration. In contrast, a significant decrease in DPPH scavenging activities was observed. \u0000Conclusion: Both aqueous husk extract of Cocos nucifera and aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera are potent antioxidant agents and could be useful in supplementing the endogenous antioxidant system. Albeit, the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera is a more powerful antioxidant agent.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81475001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To increase the success in treating patients with COVID-19, many drug suggestions and some clinical studies are shared in the literature. However, the combination of several drugs with other clinical care has improved patients' conditions. And this review discusses some side effects of Covid-19 drugs' adverse effects. Objectives: Here, we have shortly reported the recent updates on the most common and plausible drugs for treating COVID-19 patients. We also compare these treatment options based on their impact on symptom management, inpatient length of stay, and overall morbidity and mortality. Methods: An extensive literature search was performed through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Most of the keywords used were: "COVID-19", "Side effects of used drugs," "Treatment of COVID-19", "Risk factors," "Organ damage," and "Methods of diagnosis and treatment." Results: Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and vitamin supplements do not have obvious benefits, but there is limited information to consider. Other factors and drugs such as improved plasma, eculizumab, immunoglobulins, IgG1-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, remidseiver, steroids, and tosilizumab have shown potential effects on patient's length of hospital stay and mortality. Currently, there is no evidence that any other vaccines, apart from those specifically designed for the SARSCov-2 virus, will protect against COVID-19. Conclusion: Since the prevention of the COVID-19 virus is a new issue in the medical world, there is no known effective treatment option in this area, and the prevention of its adverse side effects has not been conclusively proven. Of course, the occurrence of side effects in patients undergoing treatment such as hepatotoxicity, retinal damage, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity proves that the necessary caution should be used in drug combination methods.
背景:冠状病毒病2019 (COVID-19)是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)引起的传染性疾病。为了提高COVID-19患者的治疗成功率，文献中分享了许多药物建议和一些临床研究。然而，几种药物与其他临床护理的结合改善了患者的病情。本文就新冠肺炎药物的一些副作用进行了综述。目的:在这里，我们简要报告了治疗COVID-19患者最常见和最合理的药物的最新进展。我们还比较了这些治疗方案对症状管理、住院时间和总体发病率和死亡率的影响。方法:通过PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Google Scholar进行广泛的文献检索。使用最多的关键词是:“COVID-19”、“使用药物的副作用”、“COVID-19的治疗”、“危险因素”、“器官损害”和“诊断和治疗方法”。结果:抗炎、抗菌和维生素补充剂没有明显的益处，但可供考虑的信息有限。其他因素和药物，如改善血浆、eculizumab、免疫球蛋白、igg1中和单克隆抗体、remidsever、类固醇和tosilizumab，已显示出对患者住院时间和死亡率的潜在影响。目前，没有证据表明，除了专门为SARSCov-2病毒设计的疫苗外，还有任何其他疫苗可以预防COVID-19。结论:COVID-19病毒的预防是医学界的一个新课题，目前尚无已知的有效治疗方案，其不良反应的预防尚未得到最终证实。当然，在接受治疗的患者中出现肝毒性、视网膜损伤、肾毒性、心脏毒性等副作用，证明在联合用药方法中应谨慎使用。
{"title":"A Review on Current Side Effects of Used Drugs During Treatment of Patients With COVID- 19","authors":"Parisa Saberi Hasanabadi, R. Ataee","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9371","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To increase the success in treating patients with COVID-19, many drug suggestions and some clinical studies are shared in the literature. However, the combination of several drugs with other clinical care has improved patients' conditions. And this review discusses some side effects of Covid-19 drugs' adverse effects. \u0000Objectives: Here, we have shortly reported the recent updates on the most common and plausible drugs for treating COVID-19 patients. We also compare these treatment options based on their impact on symptom management, inpatient length of stay, and overall morbidity and mortality. \u0000Methods: An extensive literature search was performed through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Most of the keywords used were: \"COVID-19\", \"Side effects of used drugs,\" \"Treatment of COVID-19\", \"Risk factors,\" \"Organ damage,\" and \"Methods of diagnosis and treatment.\" \u0000Results: Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and vitamin supplements do not have obvious benefits, but there is limited information to consider. Other factors and drugs such as improved plasma, eculizumab, immunoglobulins, IgG1-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, remidseiver, steroids, and tosilizumab have shown potential effects on patient's length of hospital stay and mortality. Currently, there is no evidence that any other vaccines, apart from those specifically designed for the SARSCov-2 virus, will protect against COVID-19. \u0000Conclusion: Since the prevention of the COVID-19 virus is a new issue in the medical world, there is no known effective treatment option in this area, and the prevention of its adverse side effects has not been conclusively proven. Of course, the occurrence of side effects in patients undergoing treatment such as hepatotoxicity, retinal damage, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity proves that the necessary caution should be used in drug combination methods.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90364683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Plants have diverse phytochemicals with different solubility levels and medicinal efficacy. This study aimed to determine the presence of phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanol root extract of Anthocleista nobilis. Objectives: Determining the bioactive principles and free radical scavenging properties of A. nobilis root Methods: The preliminary phytochemical investigations were performed using standard analytical procedures. The in vitro antioxidant properties were assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) scavenging activity. Results: The phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of several compounds: saponins, reducing sugar, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and mucilages. The concentrations of these compounds were different. A considerable quantity of phytochemicals was found in the methanol extract. The impact of the extract on DPPH, NO, FRAP, TAC, H2 O2 radicals were dependently and ascendingly concentrated. Solvent extract demonstrated better antioxidant activity, with DPPH and NO showing maximum antioxidant capability in conjunction with IC50 values of 5.45 µg/mL. Conclusion: The study results prove that A. nobilis is a possible source of natural antioxidants, justifying its use in indigenous medicine.
{"title":"Effects of Methanol Extract on Bioactive Property and in Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Palma Christi (Anthocleista nobilis G. Don.) Root","authors":"A. Ojatula","doi":"10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v7i4.9380","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plants have diverse phytochemicals with different solubility levels and medicinal efficacy. This study aimed to determine the presence of phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanol root extract of Anthocleista nobilis. Objectives: Determining the bioactive principles and free radical scavenging properties of A. nobilis root Methods: The preliminary phytochemical investigations were performed using standard analytical procedures. The in vitro antioxidant properties were assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) scavenging activity. Results: The phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of several compounds: saponins, reducing sugar, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and mucilages. The concentrations of these compounds were different. A considerable quantity of phytochemicals was found in the methanol extract. The impact of the extract on DPPH, NO, FRAP, TAC, H2 O2 radicals were dependently and ascendingly concentrated. Solvent extract demonstrated better antioxidant activity, with DPPH and NO showing maximum antioxidant capability in conjunction with IC50 values of 5.45 µg/mL. Conclusion: The study results prove that A. nobilis is a possible source of natural antioxidants, justifying its use in indigenous medicine.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86651377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Traditional medicines have a wide range of pharmacological properties. Objectives: This work was done to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Thymus vulgaris, Matricaria chamomilla, Melissa officinalis, and Rhus coriaria extracts against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: A total of 180 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were examined. Using the disc diffusion method, MIC and MBC of the methanol and alcohol herbal extracts were measured. Furthermore, microtiter plate assay evaluated biofilm development in the P. aeruginosa isolates. The free radical scavenging activity of the plant extracts against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined. Results: Results showed that P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to more than three different classes of antibiotics. Our results demonstrated that the MBC value of ethanol and methanol extracts of thyme was 43.75 mg/mL, and 31.25 mg/mL, respectively. The highest MIC and MBC values were observed for the thyme and Lemon balm had the lowest MIC and MBC values. Our study showed that thyme extract was the most efficient plant extract against P. aeruginosa. The Mean±SD scavenging activity of thyme, chamomile, sumac, and lemon balm was 91.05±1.10, 89.55±0.70, 64.65±1.95, and 80.1±0.30%, respectively Conclusion: These findings may help in reducing our dependence on antibiotics and handling infections of opportunistic pathogens more efficiently. Further studies are required to distinguish the most important phytochemical compounds and estimate their antibiofilm activities and their mechanisms of action.
{"title":"Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidants, and Antibacterial Activity of Some Native Medicinal Plants Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa","authors":"Mandana Ahmadi, N. Bahador, A. Khodavandi","doi":"10.32598/pbr.8.4.77.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/pbr.8.4.77.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traditional medicines have a wide range of pharmacological properties. Objectives: This work was done to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Thymus vulgaris, Matricaria chamomilla, Melissa officinalis, and Rhus coriaria extracts against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: A total of 180 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were examined. Using the disc diffusion method, MIC and MBC of the methanol and alcohol herbal extracts were measured. Furthermore, microtiter plate assay evaluated biofilm development in the P. aeruginosa isolates. The free radical scavenging activity of the plant extracts against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined. Results: Results showed that P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to more than three different classes of antibiotics. Our results demonstrated that the MBC value of ethanol and methanol extracts of thyme was 43.75 mg/mL, and 31.25 mg/mL, respectively. The highest MIC and MBC values were observed for the thyme and Lemon balm had the lowest MIC and MBC values. Our study showed that thyme extract was the most efficient plant extract against P. aeruginosa. The Mean±SD scavenging activity of thyme, chamomile, sumac, and lemon balm was 91.05±1.10, 89.55±0.70, 64.65±1.95, and 80.1±0.30%, respectively Conclusion: These findings may help in reducing our dependence on antibiotics and handling infections of opportunistic pathogens more efficiently. Further studies are required to distinguish the most important phytochemical compounds and estimate their antibiofilm activities and their mechanisms of action.","PeriodicalId":6323,"journal":{"name":"2005 Asian Conference on Sensors and the International Conference on New Techniques in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77595769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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