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A multiverse model in T2 dS wedge holography T2 dS 楔全息中的多重宇宙模型
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)122
Sergio E. Aguilar-Gutierrez, Filip Landgren

We construct a multiverse model where empty AdSd+1 space is cut off by a pair of accelerated dSd space universes, at a finite AdS boundary cutoff which we treat as a T2 deformation in the holographic dual, and one in the AdS interior, the IR brane; and denote the construction as T2 dS wedge holography. We glue together several copies of this configuration along the UV cutoff and the IR branes in a periodic matter. To provide the model with dynamics similar to those of near Nariai black holes used in other multiverse toy models, we specialize to d = 2 and add dS JT gravity as an intrinsic gravity theory on the IR branes. We then study the entanglement entropy with respect to a finite cutoff observer, who finds a Page curve transition due to an entanglement island connecting the UV cutoff and IR brane. This process involves the coarse-graining of information outside the causally accessible region to the observer. Our model provides an explicit realization of entanglement between IR and UV degrees of freedom encoded in the multiverse.

我们构建了一个多重宇宙模型,在这个模型中,空的 AdSd+1 空间被一对加速的 dSd 空间宇宙截断,在一个有限的 AdS 边界截断处,我们将其视为全息对偶中的 T2 变形,而在 AdS 内部,即红外分枝处,我们将其视为 T2 dS 楔形全息。我们沿紫外截止线和红外支线以周期性的方式将这种构型的多个副本粘合在一起。为了使模型具有类似于其他多重宇宙玩具模型中使用的近纳里亚黑洞的动力学,我们将其特殊化为d = 2,并在红外支链上添加dS JT引力作为本征引力理论。然后,我们研究一个有限截止观测者的纠缠熵,该观测者会发现由于连接紫外截止和红外支线的纠缠岛而产生的佩奇曲线转换。这一过程涉及观察者因果可及区域之外信息的粗粒化。我们的模型明确实现了多重宇宙中编码的红外和紫外自由度之间的纠缠。
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引用次数: 0
Complex symplectic contractions and 3d mirrors 复杂交映收缩和三维镜像
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)116
Andrew Dancer, Julius F. Grimminger, Johan Martens, Zhenghao Zhong

We propose magnetic quivers for the complex-symplectic contraction spaces, which are related to implosions and have a natural interpretation in terms of the Moore-Tachikawa category. We use 3-d mirrors to provide computational checks.

我们提出了复交映收缩空间的磁性四元组,它与内卷有关,并能用摩尔-立川范畴自然地解释。我们使用三维镜像来提供计算检验。
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引用次数: 0
NLO EW and QCD corrections to polarised same-sign WW scattering at the LHC 大型强子对撞机上极化同源 WW 散射的 NLO EW 和 QCD 校正
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)115
Ansgar Denner, Christoph Haitz, Giovanni Pelliccioli

We present the first calculation of same-sign WW scattering at the LHC in the fully leptonic decay channel including the modelling of polarisation for intermediate electroweak bosons and radiative corrections up to NLO EW+QCD accuracy. The predictions rely on a pole expansion and on the split of polarisation states at matrix-element level. Doubly-polarised and unpolarised signals are investigated together with full off-shell results. A detailed phenomenlogical analysis is carried out focusing on differential observables that discriminate between polarisation states, paving the way for refined polarisation-oriented analyses of vector-boson scattering with Run-3 LHC data.

我们首次计算了大型强子对撞机在全轻子衰变通道中的同源WW散射,包括中间电弱玻色子的极化模型和达到NLO EW+QCD精度的辐射修正。预测依赖于极点扩展和矩阵元素级的极化态分裂。研究了双极化和非极化信号以及完整的壳外结果。详细的现象学分析侧重于区分极化态的差分观测值,为利用 Run-3 大型强子对撞机数据对矢量玻色子散射进行以极化为导向的精细分析铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Non-analytic terms of string amplitudes from partial waves 部分波弦振幅的非解析项
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)117
Yu-tin Huang, Hynek Paul, Michele Santagata

We describe a general formalism based on the partial-wave decomposition to compute the iterative s-channel discontinuity of four-point amplitudes at any loop order. As an application, we focus on the low-energy expansions of type I and II superstring amplitudes. Besides providing new results for their leading and sub-leading logarithmic contributions beyond genus one, our approach elucidates the general structure of non-analytic threshold terms. In the case of open strings, the use of orthogonal colour projectors allows us to efficiently compute all contributions from different worldsheet topologies at a given loop order.

我们描述了一种基于部分波分解的一般形式主义,用于计算任意环阶四点振幅的迭代 s 道不连续性。作为应用,我们重点研究了 I 型和 II 型超弦振幅的低能展开。我们的方法除了为其超越属一的前导和亚前导对数贡献提供新结果之外,还阐明了非解析阈值项的一般结构。在开放弦的情况下,使用正交色彩投影器,我们可以高效地计算在给定环阶下来自不同世界表拓扑的所有贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Conformal bootstrap and mirror symmetry of states in Gepner models 盖普纳模型中的共形引导和状态的镜像对称性
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)104
Sergej Parkhomenko

We consider two explicit constructions of states in the orbifolds of a product of Minimal N = (2, 2) models which are based on twisting by spectral flow, mutual locality and operator algebra requirement. It is shown that these two constructions lead to the Berglund-Hubsh-Krawitz dual orbifold groups which define mirror pairs of isomorphic models. Then we generalize our construction for the orbifolds of Gepner models of superstring compactification and explicitly build IIA/IIB mirror map of the space of states of the superstrings using light-cone gauge.

我们考虑了最小 N = (2, 2) 模型乘积轨道中状态的两种明确构造,它们基于谱流扭曲、相互位置性和算子代数要求。结果表明,这两种构造会导致伯格伦德-胡布什-克劳维茨对偶轨道群,它们定义了同构模型的镜像对。然后,我们将我们的构造推广到超弦紧凑化的 Gepner 模型的轨道,并明确地使用光锥规建立了超弦状态空间的 IIA/IIB 镜像映射。
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引用次数: 0
Musings on SVD and pseudo entanglement entropies 关于 SVD 和伪纠缠熵的思考
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)103
Paweł Caputa, Souradeep Purkayastha, Abhigyan Saha, Piotr Sułkowski

Pseudo-entropy and SVD entropy are generalizations of the entanglement entropy that involve post-selection. In this work we analyze their properties as measures on the spaces of quantum states and argue that their excess provides useful characterization of a difference between two (i.e. pre-selected and post-selected) states, which shares certain features and in certain cases can be identified as a metric. In particular, when applied to link complement states that are associated to topological links via Chern-Simons theory, these generalized entropies and their excess provide a novel quantification of a difference between corresponding links. We discuss the dependence of such entropy measures on the level of Chern-Simons theory and determine their asymptotic values for certain link states. We find that imaginary part of the pseudo-entropy is sensitive to, and can diagnose chirality of knots. We also consider properties of entropy measures for simpler quantum mechanical systems, such as generalized SU(2) and SU(1,1) coherent states, and tripartite GHZ and W states.

伪熵和 SVD 熵是涉及后选择的纠缠熵的一般化。在这项工作中,我们分析了它们作为量子态空间度量的性质,并认为它们的过度为两个(即预选和后选)态之间的差异提供了有用的表征,这两个态具有某些共同特征,在某些情况下可以被确定为度量。特别是,当这些广义熵及其过量应用于通过切尔诺-西蒙斯理论与拓扑链接相关联的链接互补状态时,为相应链接之间的差异提供了一种新的量化方法。我们讨论了这种熵量对 Chern-Simons 理论水平的依赖性,并确定了它们在某些链路状态下的渐近值。我们发现,伪熵的虚部对结的手性很敏感,而且可以诊断结的手性。我们还考虑了更简单量子力学系统的熵量特性,如广义 SU(2) 和 SU(1,1) 相干态,以及三方 GHZ 和 W 态。
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引用次数: 0
Unitarization of electron scattering with an external potential at NLO in QED 在 QED 的 NLO 阶段,电子散射与外部电势的统一化
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)113
J. A. Oller, Marcela Peláez

We have calculated the one-loop scattering amplitude of an electron by an external Coulomb potential in QED free of infrared divergences. This feature is achieved by applying the Faddeev-Kulish formalism, which implies a redefinition of both the asymptotic electronic states and of the S matrix. Additionally, we have also derived the infrared-finite one-loop partial-wave amplitudes for this process by applying a recent method in the literature. Next, these partial-wave amplitudes are unitarized based on analyticity and unitarity by employing three different methods of unitarization: the algebraic N/D method, the Inverse Amplitude Method and the first-iterated N/D method. Then, we have studied several partial waves both for physical momentum and for complex ones to look for bound-state poles. The binding momentum for the fundamental bound state in S wave is discussed with special detail. This is a wide-ranging method for calculating nonperturbative partial-wave amplitudes for infinite-range interactions that could be applied to many other systems.

我们计算了电子在 QED 中无红外发散的外部库仑势单环散射振幅。这一特征是通过应用法迪夫-库利什形式主义实现的,这意味着对渐近电子态和 S 矩阵的重新定义。此外,我们还运用文献中的一种最新方法,推导出了这一过程的红外无限单环偏波振幅。接下来,我们采用三种不同的单位化方法:代数 N/D 法、逆振幅法和第一次迭代 N/D 法,基于解析性和单位性对这些偏波振幅进行了单位化。然后,我们研究了几种物理动量和复动量的偏波,以寻找束缚态极点。我们特别详细地讨论了 S 波中基本束缚态的束缚动量。这是一种计算无穷程相互作用的非微扰偏波振幅的广泛方法,可应用于许多其他系统。
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引用次数: 0
The dual Ginzburg-Landau theory for a holographic superconductor: finite coupling corrections 全息超导体的双重金兹堡-朗道理论:有限耦合修正
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)107
Makoto Natsuume

The holographic superconductor is the holographic dual of superconductors. We recently identified the dual Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory for a class of bulk 5-dimensional holographic superconductors (arXiv:2207.07182 [hep-th]). However, the result is the strong coupling limit or the large-Nc limit. A natural question is how the dual GL theory changes at finite coupling. We identify the dual GL theory for a minimal holographic superconductor at finite coupling (Gauss-Bonnet holographic superconductor), where numerical coefficients are obtained exactly. The GL parameter κ increases at finite coupling, namely the system approaches a more Type-II superconductor like material. We also point out two potential problems in previous works: (1) the “naive” AdS/CFT dictionary, and (2) the condensate determined only from the GL potential terms. As a result, the condensate increases at finite coupling unlike common folklore.

全息超导体是超导体的全息对偶。我们最近确定了一类体5维全息超导体的金兹堡-朗道(GL)对偶理论(arXiv:2207.07182 [hep-th])。然而,该结果是强耦合极限或大 Nc 极限。一个自然的问题是,在有限耦合时,对偶 GL 理论是如何变化的。我们确定了有限耦合下最小全息超导体(高斯-波内特全息超导体)的对偶 GL 理论,并精确地得到了数值系数。在有限耦合条件下,GL 参数κ增大,即系统更接近于类似 II 类超导体的材料。我们还指出了之前工作中的两个潜在问题:(1)"天真 "的 AdS/CFT 字典;(2)仅由 GL 势项确定的凝聚态。因此,与一般传说不同的是,凝聚态在有限耦合时会增加。
{"title":"The dual Ginzburg-Landau theory for a holographic superconductor: finite coupling corrections","authors":"Makoto Natsuume","doi":"10.1007/JHEP11(2024)107","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP11(2024)107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The holographic superconductor is the holographic dual of superconductors. We recently identified the dual Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory for a class of bulk 5-dimensional holographic superconductors (arXiv:2207.07182 [hep-th]). However, the result is the strong coupling limit or the large-<i>N</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> limit. A natural question is how the dual GL theory changes at finite coupling. We identify the dual GL theory for a minimal holographic superconductor at finite coupling (Gauss-Bonnet holographic superconductor), where numerical coefficients are obtained exactly. The GL parameter <i>κ</i> increases at finite coupling, namely the system approaches a more Type-II superconductor like material. We also point out two potential problems in previous works: (1) the “naive” AdS/CFT dictionary, and (2) the condensate determined only from the GL potential terms. As a result, the condensate increases at finite coupling unlike common folklore.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2024 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP11(2024)107.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Observation of ( toverline{t} ) production in the lepton+jets and dilepton channels in p+Pb collisions at ( sqrt{s_{textrm{NN}}} ) = 8.16 TeV with the ATLAS detector 用ATLAS探测器在p+Pb对撞中的( sqrt{s_{textrm{NN}}} ) = 8.16 TeV观测到轻子+喷气和二重子信道中的( toverline{t} ) 产生
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)101
The ATLAS collaboration, G. Aad, E. Aakvaag, B. Abbott, S. Abdelhameed, K. Abeling, N. J. Abicht, S. H. Abidi, M. Aboelela, A. Aboulhorma, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, B. S. Acharya, A. Ackermann, C. Adam Bourdarios, L. Adamczyk, S. V. Addepalli, M. J. Addison, J. Adelman, A. Adiguzel, T. Adye, A. A. Affolder, Y. Afik, M. N. Agaras, J. Agarwala, A. Aggarwal, C. Agheorghiesei, A. Ahmad, F. Ahmadov, W. S. Ahmed, S. Ahuja, X. Ai, G. Aielli, A. Aikot, M. Ait Tamlihat, B. Aitbenchikh, M. Akbiyik, T. P. A. Åkesson, A. V. Akimov, D. Akiyama, N. N. Akolkar, S. Aktas, K. Al Khoury, G. L. Alberghi, J. Albert, P. Albicocco, G. L. Albouy, S. Alderweireldt, Z. L. Alegria, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, T. Alexopoulos, F. Alfonsi, M. Algren, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, H. M. J. Ali, S. Ali, S. W. Alibocus, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, W. Alkakhi, C. Allaire, B. M. M. Allbrooke, J. F. Allen, C. A. Allendes Flores, P. P. Allport, A. Aloisio, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, Z. M. K. Alsolami, M. 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Zhukov, N. I. Zimine, J. Zinsser, M. Ziolkowski, L. Živković, A. Zoccoli, K. Zoch, T. G. Zorbas, O. Zormpa, W. Zou, L. Zwalinski

This paper reports the observation of top-quark pair production in proton-lead collisions in the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed using 165 nb1 of p+Pb data collected at ( sqrt{s_{textrm{NN}}} ) = 8.16 TeV in 2016. Events are categorised in two analysis channels, consisting of either events with exactly one lepton (electron or muon) and at least four jets, or events with two opposite-charge leptons and at least two jets. In both channels at least one b-tagged jet is also required. Top-quark pair production is observed with a significance over five standard deviations in each channel. The top-quark pair production cross-section is measured to be ( {sigma}_{toverline{t}}=58.1pm 2.0{left(textrm{stat}.right)}_{-4.4}^{+4.8}left(textrm{syst}.right) ) nb, with a total uncertainty of 9%. In addition, the nuclear modification factor is measured to be ( {R}_{ptextrm{A}}=1.090pm 0.039{left(textrm{stat}.right)}_{-0.087}^{+0.094}left(textrm{syst}.right) ). The measurements are found to be in good agreement with theory predictions involving nuclear parton distribution functions.

本文报告了在大型强子对撞机的ATLAS实验中对质子-铅对撞中顶夸克对生产的观测。测量是利用2016年在( sqrt{s_{textrm{NN}} ) = 8.16 TeV收集的165 nb-1的p+Pb数据进行的。事件被归入两个分析信道,包括正好有一个轻子(电子或μ介子)和至少四个射流的事件,或者有两个对电轻子和至少两个射流的事件。在这两个信道中,还要求至少有一个 b 标记的射流。在每个信道中观测到的顶夸克对产生的显著性都超过了五个标准差。测量到的顶夸克对产生截面为( {sigma}_{toverline{t}}=58.1pm 2.0{left(textrm{stat}.right)}_{-4.4}^{+4.8}left(textrm{syst}.right) )nb,总不确定性为9%。此外,核修饰因子的测量值为( {R}_{ptextrm{A}}=1.090pm 0.039{left(textrm{stat}.right)}_{-0.087}^{+0.094}left(textrm{syst}.right) )。测量结果与涉及核粒子分布函数的理论预测非常吻合。
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L. Alberghi,&nbsp;J. Albert,&nbsp;P. Albicocco,&nbsp;G. L. Albouy,&nbsp;S. Alderweireldt,&nbsp;Z. L. Alegria,&nbsp;M. Aleksa,&nbsp;I. N. Aleksandrov,&nbsp;C. Alexa,&nbsp;T. Alexopoulos,&nbsp;F. Alfonsi,&nbsp;M. Algren,&nbsp;M. Alhroob,&nbsp;B. Ali,&nbsp;H. M. J. Ali,&nbsp;S. Ali,&nbsp;S. W. Alibocus,&nbsp;M. Aliev,&nbsp;G. Alimonti,&nbsp;W. Alkakhi,&nbsp;C. Allaire,&nbsp;B. M. M. Allbrooke,&nbsp;J. F. Allen,&nbsp;C. A. Allendes Flores,&nbsp;P. P. Allport,&nbsp;A. Aloisio,&nbsp;F. Alonso,&nbsp;C. Alpigiani,&nbsp;Z. M. K. Alsolami,&nbsp;M. Alvarez Estevez,&nbsp;A. Alvarez Fernandez,&nbsp;M. Alves Cardoso,&nbsp;M. G. Alviggi,&nbsp;M. Aly,&nbsp;Y. Amaral Coutinho,&nbsp;A. Ambler,&nbsp;C. Amelung,&nbsp;M. Amerl,&nbsp;C. G. Ames,&nbsp;D. Amidei,&nbsp;K. J. Amirie,&nbsp;S. P. Amor Dos Santos,&nbsp;K. R. Amos,&nbsp;S. An,&nbsp;V. Ananiev,&nbsp;C. Anastopoulos,&nbsp;T. Andeen,&nbsp;J. K. Anders,&nbsp;S. Y. Andrean,&nbsp;A. Andreazza,&nbsp;S. Angelidakis,&nbsp;A. Angerami,&nbsp;A. V. 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Couthures,&nbsp;G. Cowan,&nbsp;K. Cranmer,&nbsp;D. Cremonini,&nbsp;S. Crépé-Renaudin,&nbsp;F. Crescioli,&nbsp;M. Cristinziani,&nbsp;M. Cristoforetti,&nbsp;V. Croft,&nbsp;J. E. Crosby,&nbsp;G. Crosetti,&nbsp;A. Cueto,&nbsp;Z. Cui,&nbsp;W. R. Cunningham,&nbsp;F. Curcio,&nbsp;J. R. Curran,&nbsp;P. Czodrowski,&nbsp;M. M. Czurylo,&nbsp;M. J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa,&nbsp;J. V. Da Fonseca Pinto,&nbsp;C. Da Via,&nbsp;W. Dabrowski,&nbsp;T. Dado,&nbsp;S. Dahbi,&nbsp;T. Dai,&nbsp;D. Dal Santo,&nbsp;C. Dallapiccola,&nbsp;M. Dam,&nbsp;G. D’amen,&nbsp;V. D’Amico,&nbsp;J. Damp,&nbsp;J. R. Dandoy,&nbsp;D. Dannheim,&nbsp;M. Danninger,&nbsp;V. Dao,&nbsp;G. Darbo,&nbsp;S. J. Das,&nbsp;F. Dattola,&nbsp;S. D’Auria,&nbsp;A. D’Avanzo,&nbsp;C. David,&nbsp;T. Davidek,&nbsp;I. Dawson,&nbsp;H. A. Day-hall,&nbsp;K. De,&nbsp;R. De Asmundis,&nbsp;N. De Biase,&nbsp;S. De Castro,&nbsp;N. De Groot,&nbsp;P. de Jong,&nbsp;H. De la Torre,&nbsp;A. De Maria,&nbsp;A. De Salvo,&nbsp;U. De Sanctis,&nbsp;F. De Santis,&nbsp;A. De Santo,&nbsp;J. B. De Vivie De Regie,&nbsp;D. V. Dedovich,&nbsp;J. Degens,&nbsp;A. M. Deiana,&nbsp;F. Del Corso,&nbsp;J. Del Peso,&nbsp;F. Del Rio,&nbsp;L. Delagrange,&nbsp;F. Deliot,&nbsp;C. M. Delitzsch,&nbsp;M. Della Pietra,&nbsp;D. Della Volpe,&nbsp;A. Dell’Acqua,&nbsp;L. Dell’Asta,&nbsp;M. Delmastro,&nbsp;P. A. Delsart,&nbsp;S. Demers,&nbsp;M. Demichev,&nbsp;S. P. Denisov,&nbsp;L. D’Eramo,&nbsp;D. Derendarz,&nbsp;F. Derue,&nbsp;P. Dervan,&nbsp;K. Desch,&nbsp;C. Deutsch,&nbsp;F. A. Di Bello,&nbsp;A. Di Ciaccio,&nbsp;L. Di Ciaccio,&nbsp;A. Di Domenico,&nbsp;C. Di Donato,&nbsp;A. Di Girolamo,&nbsp;G. Di Gregorio,&nbsp;A. Di Luca,&nbsp;B. Di Micco,&nbsp;R. Di Nardo,&nbsp;K. F. Di Petrillo,&nbsp;M. Diamantopoulou,&nbsp;F. A. Dias,&nbsp;T. Dias Do Vale,&nbsp;M. A. Diaz,&nbsp;F. G. Diaz Capriles,&nbsp;M. Didenko,&nbsp;E. B. Diehl,&nbsp;S. Díez Cornell,&nbsp;C. Diez Pardos,&nbsp;C. Dimitriadi,&nbsp;A. Dimitrievska,&nbsp;J. Dingfelder,&nbsp;I-M. Dinu,&nbsp;S. J. Dittmeier,&nbsp;F. Dittus,&nbsp;M. Divisek,&nbsp;F. Djama,&nbsp;T. Djobava,&nbsp;C. Doglioni,&nbsp;A. Dohnalova,&nbsp;J. Dolejsi,&nbsp;Z. Dolezal,&nbsp;K. Domijan,&nbsp;K. M. Dona,&nbsp;M. Donadelli,&nbsp;B. Dong,&nbsp;J. Donini,&nbsp;A. D’Onofrio,&nbsp;M. D’Onofrio,&nbsp;J. Dopke,&nbsp;A. Doria,&nbsp;N. Dos Santos Fernandes,&nbsp;P. Dougan,&nbsp;M. T. Dova,&nbsp;A. T. Doyle,&nbsp;M. A. Draguet,&nbsp;E. Dreyer,&nbsp;I. Drivas-koulouris,&nbsp;M. Drnevich,&nbsp;M. Drozdova,&nbsp;D. Du,&nbsp;T. A. du Pree,&nbsp;F. Dubinin,&nbsp;M. Dubovsky,&nbsp;E. Duchovni,&nbsp;G. Duckeck,&nbsp;O. A. Ducu,&nbsp;D. Duda,&nbsp;A. Dudarev,&nbsp;E. R. Duden,&nbsp;M. D’uffizi,&nbsp;L. Duflot,&nbsp;M. Dührssen,&nbsp;I. Duminica,&nbsp;A. E. Dumitriu,&nbsp;M. Dunford,&nbsp;S. Dungs,&nbsp;K. Dunne,&nbsp;A. Duperrin,&nbsp;H. Duran Yildiz,&nbsp;M. Düren,&nbsp;A. Durglishvili,&nbsp;B. L. Dwyer,&nbsp;G. I. Dyckes,&nbsp;M. Dyndal,&nbsp;B. S. Dziedzic,&nbsp;Z. O. Earnshaw,&nbsp;G. H. Eberwein,&nbsp;B. Eckerova,&nbsp;S. Eggebrecht,&nbsp;E. Egidio Purcino De Souza,&nbsp;L. F. Ehrke,&nbsp;G. Eigen,&nbsp;K. Einsweiler,&nbsp;T. Ekelof,&nbsp;P. A. Ekman,&nbsp;S. El Farkh,&nbsp;Y. El Ghazali,&nbsp;H. El Jarrari,&nbsp;A. El Moussaouy,&nbsp;V. Ellajosyula,&nbsp;M. Ellert,&nbsp;F. Ellinghaus,&nbsp;N. Ellis,&nbsp;J. Elmsheuser,&nbsp;M. Elsawy,&nbsp;M. Elsing,&nbsp;D. Emeliyanov,&nbsp;Y. Enari,&nbsp;I. Ene,&nbsp;S. Epari,&nbsp;P. A. Erland,&nbsp;D. Ernani Martins Neto,&nbsp;M. Errenst,&nbsp;M. Escalier,&nbsp;C. Escobar,&nbsp;E. Etzion,&nbsp;G. Evans,&nbsp;H. Evans,&nbsp;L. S. Evans,&nbsp;A. Ezhilov,&nbsp;S. Ezzarqtouni,&nbsp;F. Fabbri,&nbsp;L. Fabbri,&nbsp;G. Facini,&nbsp;V. Fadeyev,&nbsp;R. M. Fakhrutdinov,&nbsp;D. Fakoudis,&nbsp;S. Falciano,&nbsp;L. F. Falda Ulhoa Coelho,&nbsp;F. Fallavollita,&nbsp;G. Falsetti,&nbsp;J. Faltova,&nbsp;C. Fan,&nbsp;Y. Fan,&nbsp;Y. Fang,&nbsp;M. Fanti,&nbsp;M. Faraj,&nbsp;Z. Farazpay,&nbsp;A. Farbin,&nbsp;A. Farilla,&nbsp;T. Farooque,&nbsp;S. M. Farrington,&nbsp;F. Fassi,&nbsp;D. Fassouliotis,&nbsp;M. Faucci Giannelli,&nbsp;W. J. Fawcett,&nbsp;L. Fayard,&nbsp;P. Federic,&nbsp;P. Federicova,&nbsp;O. L. Fedin,&nbsp;M. Feickert,&nbsp;L. Feligioni,&nbsp;D. E. Fellers,&nbsp;C. Feng,&nbsp;M. Feng,&nbsp;Z. Feng,&nbsp;M. J. Fenton,&nbsp;L. Ferencz,&nbsp;R. A. M. Ferguson,&nbsp;S. I. Fernandez Luengo,&nbsp;P. Fernandez Martinez,&nbsp;M. J. V. Fernoux,&nbsp;J. Ferrando,&nbsp;A. Ferrari,&nbsp;P. Ferrari,&nbsp;R. Ferrari,&nbsp;D. Ferrere,&nbsp;C. Ferretti,&nbsp;D. Fiacco,&nbsp;F. Fiedler,&nbsp;P. Fiedler,&nbsp;A. Filipčič,&nbsp;E. K. Filmer,&nbsp;F. Filthaut,&nbsp;M. C. N. Fiolhais,&nbsp;L. Fiorini,&nbsp;W. C. Fisher,&nbsp;T. Fitschen,&nbsp;P. M. Fitzhugh,&nbsp;I. Fleck,&nbsp;P. Fleischmann,&nbsp;T. Flick,&nbsp;M. Flores,&nbsp;L. R. Flores Castillo,&nbsp;L. Flores Sanz De Acedo,&nbsp;F. M. Follega,&nbsp;N. Fomin,&nbsp;J. H. Foo,&nbsp;A. Formica,&nbsp;A. C. Forti,&nbsp;E. Fortin,&nbsp;A. W. Fortman,&nbsp;M. G. Foti,&nbsp;L. Fountas,&nbsp;D. Fournier,&nbsp;H. Fox,&nbsp;P. Francavilla,&nbsp;S. Francescato,&nbsp;S. Franchellucci,&nbsp;M. Franchini,&nbsp;S. Franchino,&nbsp;D. Francis,&nbsp;L. Franco,&nbsp;V. Franco Lima,&nbsp;L. Franconi,&nbsp;M. Franklin,&nbsp;G. Frattari,&nbsp;Y. Y. Frid,&nbsp;J. Friend,&nbsp;N. Fritzsche,&nbsp;A. Froch,&nbsp;D. Froidevaux,&nbsp;J. A. Frost,&nbsp;Y. Fu,&nbsp;S. Fuenzalida Garrido,&nbsp;M. Fujimoto,&nbsp;K. Y. Fung,&nbsp;E. Furtado De Simas Filho,&nbsp;M. Furukawa,&nbsp;J. Fuster,&nbsp;A. Gabrielli,&nbsp;A. Gabrielli,&nbsp;P. Gadow,&nbsp;G. Gagliardi,&nbsp;L. G. Gagnon,&nbsp;S. Gaid,&nbsp;S. Galantzan,&nbsp;E. J. Gallas,&nbsp;B. J. Gallop,&nbsp;K. K. Gan,&nbsp;S. Ganguly,&nbsp;Y. Gao,&nbsp;F. M. Garay Walls,&nbsp;B. Garcia,&nbsp;C. García,&nbsp;A. Garcia Alonso,&nbsp;A. G. Garcia Caffaro,&nbsp;J. E. García Navarro,&nbsp;M. Garcia-Sciveres,&nbsp;G. L. Gardner,&nbsp;R. W. Gardner,&nbsp;N. Garelli,&nbsp;D. Garg,&nbsp;R. B. Garg,&nbsp;J. M. Gargan,&nbsp;C. A. Garner,&nbsp;C. M. Garvey,&nbsp;V. K. Gassmann,&nbsp;G. Gaudio,&nbsp;V. Gautam,&nbsp;P. Gauzzi,&nbsp;I. L. Gavrilenko,&nbsp;A. Gavrilyuk,&nbsp;C. Gay,&nbsp;G. Gaycken,&nbsp;E. N. Gazis,&nbsp;A. A. Geanta,&nbsp;C. M. Gee,&nbsp;A. Gekow,&nbsp;C. Gemme,&nbsp;M. H. Genest,&nbsp;A. D. Gentry,&nbsp;S. George,&nbsp;W. F. George,&nbsp;T. Geralis,&nbsp;P. Gessinger-Befurt,&nbsp;M. E. Geyik,&nbsp;M. Ghani,&nbsp;K. Ghorbanian,&nbsp;A. Ghosal,&nbsp;A. Ghosh,&nbsp;A. Ghosh,&nbsp;B. Giacobbe,&nbsp;S. Giagu,&nbsp;T. Giani,&nbsp;P. Giannetti,&nbsp;A. Giannini,&nbsp;S. M. Gibson,&nbsp;M. Gignac,&nbsp;D. T. Gil,&nbsp;A. K. Gilbert,&nbsp;B. J. Gilbert,&nbsp;D. Gillberg,&nbsp;G. Gilles,&nbsp;L. Ginabat,&nbsp;D. M. Gingrich,&nbsp;M. P. Giordani,&nbsp;P. F. Giraud,&nbsp;G. Giugliarelli,&nbsp;D. Giugni,&nbsp;F. Giuli,&nbsp;I. Gkialas,&nbsp;L. K. Gladilin,&nbsp;C. Glasman,&nbsp;G. R. Gledhill,&nbsp;G. Glemža,&nbsp;M. Glisic,&nbsp;I. Gnesi,&nbsp;Y. Go,&nbsp;M. Goblirsch-Kolb,&nbsp;B. Gocke,&nbsp;D. Godin,&nbsp;B. Gokturk,&nbsp;S. Goldfarb,&nbsp;T. Golling,&nbsp;M. G. D. Gololo,&nbsp;D. Golubkov,&nbsp;J. P. Gombas,&nbsp;A. Gomes,&nbsp;G. Gomes Da Silva,&nbsp;A. J. Gomez Delegido,&nbsp;R. Gonçalo,&nbsp;L. Gonella,&nbsp;A. Gongadze,&nbsp;F. Gonnella,&nbsp;J. L. Gonski,&nbsp;R. Y. González Andana,&nbsp;S. González de la Hoz,&nbsp;R. Gonzalez Lopez,&nbsp;C. Gonzalez Renteria,&nbsp;M. V. Gonzalez Rodrigues,&nbsp;R. Gonzalez Suarez,&nbsp;S. Gonzalez-Sevilla,&nbsp;L. Goossens,&nbsp;B. Gorini,&nbsp;E. Gorini,&nbsp;A. Gorišek,&nbsp;T. C. Gosart,&nbsp;A. T. Goshaw,&nbsp;M. I. Gostkin,&nbsp;S. Goswami,&nbsp;C. A. Gottardo,&nbsp;S. A. Gotz,&nbsp;M. Gouighri,&nbsp;V. Goumarre,&nbsp;A. G. Goussiou,&nbsp;N. Govender,&nbsp;I. Grabowska-Bold,&nbsp;K. Graham,&nbsp;E. Gramstad,&nbsp;S. Grancagnolo,&nbsp;C. M. Grant,&nbsp;P. M. Gravila,&nbsp;F. G. Gravili,&nbsp;H. M. Gray,&nbsp;M. Greco,&nbsp;C. Grefe,&nbsp;A. S. Grefsrud,&nbsp;I. M. Gregor,&nbsp;K. T. Greif,&nbsp;P. Grenier,&nbsp;S. G. Grewe,&nbsp;A. A. Grillo,&nbsp;K. Grimm,&nbsp;S. Grinstein,&nbsp;J.-F. Grivaz,&nbsp;E. Gross,&nbsp;J. Grosse-Knetter,&nbsp;J. C. Grundy,&nbsp;L. Guan,&nbsp;J. G. R. Guerrero Rojas,&nbsp;G. Guerrieri,&nbsp;R. Gugel,&nbsp;J. A. M. Guhit,&nbsp;A. Guida,&nbsp;E. Guilloton,&nbsp;S. Guindon,&nbsp;F. Guo,&nbsp;J. Guo,&nbsp;L. Guo,&nbsp;Y. Guo,&nbsp;R. Gupta,&nbsp;S. Gurbuz,&nbsp;S. S. Gurdasani,&nbsp;G. Gustavino,&nbsp;M. Guth,&nbsp;P. Gutierrez,&nbsp;L. F. Gutierrez Zagazeta,&nbsp;M. Gutsche,&nbsp;C. Gutschow,&nbsp;C. Gwenlan,&nbsp;C. B. Gwilliam,&nbsp;E. S. Haaland,&nbsp;A. Haas,&nbsp;M. Habedank,&nbsp;C. Haber,&nbsp;H. K. Hadavand,&nbsp;A. Hadef,&nbsp;S. Hadzic,&nbsp;A. I. Hagan,&nbsp;J. J. Hahn,&nbsp;E. H. Haines,&nbsp;M. Haleem,&nbsp;J. Haley,&nbsp;J. J. Hall,&nbsp;G. D. Hallewell,&nbsp;L. Halser,&nbsp;K. Hamano,&nbsp;M. Hamer,&nbsp;G. N. Hamity,&nbsp;E. J. Hampshire,&nbsp;J. Han,&nbsp;K. Han,&nbsp;L. Han,&nbsp;L. Han,&nbsp;S. Han,&nbsp;Y. F. Han,&nbsp;K. Hanagaki,&nbsp;M. Hance,&nbsp;D. A. Hangal,&nbsp;H. Hanif,&nbsp;M. D. Hank,&nbsp;J. B. Hansen,&nbsp;P. H. Hansen,&nbsp;K. Hara,&nbsp;D. Harada,&nbsp;T. Harenberg,&nbsp;S. Harkusha,&nbsp;M. L. Harris,&nbsp;Y. T. Harris,&nbsp;J. Harrison,&nbsp;N. M. Harrison,&nbsp;P. F. Harrison,&nbsp;N. M. Hartman,&nbsp;N. M. Hartmann,&nbsp;R. Z. Hasan,&nbsp;Y. Hasegawa,&nbsp;S. Hassan,&nbsp;R. Hauser,&nbsp;C. M. Hawkes,&nbsp;R. J. Hawkings,&nbsp;Y. Hayashi,&nbsp;S. Hayashida,&nbsp;D. Hayden,&nbsp;C. Hayes,&nbsp;R. L. Hayes,&nbsp;C. P. Hays,&nbsp;J. M. Hays,&nbsp;H. S. Hayward,&nbsp;F. He,&nbsp;M. He,&nbsp;Y. He,&nbsp;Y. He,&nbsp;Y. He,&nbsp;N. B. Heatley,&nbsp;V. Hedberg,&nbsp;A. L. Heggelund,&nbsp;N. D. Hehir,&nbsp;C. Heidegger,&nbsp;K. K. Heidegger,&nbsp;J. Heilman,&nbsp;S. Heim,&nbsp;T. Heim,&nbsp;J. G. Heinlein,&nbsp;J. J. Heinrich,&nbsp;L. Heinrich,&nbsp;J. Hejbal,&nbsp;A. Held,&nbsp;S. Hellesund,&nbsp;C. M. Helling,&nbsp;S. Hellman,&nbsp;R. C. W. Henderson,&nbsp;L. Henkelmann,&nbsp;A. M. Henriques Correia,&nbsp;H. Herde,&nbsp;Y. Hernández Jiménez,&nbsp;L. M. Herrmann,&nbsp;T. Herrmann,&nbsp;G. Herten,&nbsp;R. Hertenberger,&nbsp;L. Hervas,&nbsp;M. E. Hesping,&nbsp;N. P. Hessey,&nbsp;M. Hidaoui,&nbsp;E. Hill,&nbsp;S. J. Hillier,&nbsp;J. R. Hinds,&nbsp;F. Hinterkeuser,&nbsp;M. Hirose,&nbsp;S. Hirose,&nbsp;D. Hirschbuehl,&nbsp;T. G. Hitchings,&nbsp;B. Hiti,&nbsp;J. Hobbs,&nbsp;R. Hobincu,&nbsp;N. Hod,&nbsp;M. C. Hodgkinson,&nbsp;B. H. Hodkinson,&nbsp;A. Hoecker,&nbsp;D. D. Hofer,&nbsp;J. Hofer,&nbsp;T. Holm,&nbsp;M. Holzbock,&nbsp;L. B. A. H. Hommels,&nbsp;B. P. Honan,&nbsp;J. J. Hong,&nbsp;J. Hong,&nbsp;T. M. Hong,&nbsp;B. H. Hooberman,&nbsp;W. H. Hopkins,&nbsp;M. C. Hoppesch,&nbsp;Y. Horii,&nbsp;S. Hou,&nbsp;A. S. Howard,&nbsp;J. Howarth,&nbsp;J. Hoya,&nbsp;M. Hrabovsky,&nbsp;A. Hrynevich,&nbsp;T. Hryn’ova,&nbsp;P. J. Hsu,&nbsp;S.-C. Hsu,&nbsp;T. Hsu,&nbsp;M. Hu,&nbsp;Q. Hu,&nbsp;S. Huang,&nbsp;X. Huang,&nbsp;Y. Huang,&nbsp;Y. Huang,&nbsp;Y. Huang,&nbsp;Z. Huang,&nbsp;Z. Hubacek,&nbsp;M. Huebner,&nbsp;F. Huegging,&nbsp;T. B. Huffman,&nbsp;C. A. Hugli,&nbsp;M. Huhtinen,&nbsp;S. K. Huiberts,&nbsp;R. Hulsken,&nbsp;N. Huseynov,&nbsp;J. Huston,&nbsp;J. Huth,&nbsp;R. Hyneman,&nbsp;G. Iacobucci,&nbsp;G. Iakovidis,&nbsp;L. Iconomidou-Fayard,&nbsp;J. P. Iddon,&nbsp;P. Iengo,&nbsp;R. Iguchi,&nbsp;Y. Iiyama,&nbsp;T. Iizawa,&nbsp;Y. Ikegami,&nbsp;N. Ilic,&nbsp;H. Imam,&nbsp;M. Ince Lezki,&nbsp;T. Ingebretsen Carlson,&nbsp;G. Introzzi,&nbsp;M. Iodice,&nbsp;V. Ippolito,&nbsp;R. K. Irwin,&nbsp;M. Ishino,&nbsp;W. Islam,&nbsp;C. Issever,&nbsp;S. Istin,&nbsp;H. Ito,&nbsp;R. Iuppa,&nbsp;A. Ivina,&nbsp;J. M. Izen,&nbsp;V. Izzo,&nbsp;P. Jacka,&nbsp;P. Jackson,&nbsp;C. S. Jagfeld,&nbsp;G. Jain,&nbsp;P. Jain,&nbsp;K. Jakobs,&nbsp;T. Jakoubek,&nbsp;J. Jamieson,&nbsp;M. Javurkova,&nbsp;L. Jeanty,&nbsp;J. Jejelava,&nbsp;P. Jenni,&nbsp;C. E. Jessiman,&nbsp;C. Jia,&nbsp;J. Jia,&nbsp;X. Jia,&nbsp;X. Jia,&nbsp;Z. Jia,&nbsp;C. Jiang,&nbsp;S. Jiggins,&nbsp;J. Jimenez Pena,&nbsp;S. Jin,&nbsp;A. Jinaru,&nbsp;O. Jinnouchi,&nbsp;P. Johansson,&nbsp;K. A. Johns,&nbsp;J. W. Johnson,&nbsp;D. M. Jones,&nbsp;E. Jones,&nbsp;P. Jones,&nbsp;R. W. L. Jones,&nbsp;T. J. Jones,&nbsp;H. L. Joos,&nbsp;R. Joshi,&nbsp;J. Jovicevic,&nbsp;X. Ju,&nbsp;J. J. Junggeburth,&nbsp;T. Junkermann,&nbsp;A. Juste Rozas,&nbsp;M. K. Juzek,&nbsp;S. Kabana,&nbsp;A. Kaczmarska,&nbsp;M. Kado,&nbsp;H. Kagan,&nbsp;M. Kagan,&nbsp;A. Kahn,&nbsp;C. Kahra,&nbsp;T. Kaji,&nbsp;E. Kajomovitz,&nbsp;N. Kakati,&nbsp;I. Kalaitzidou,&nbsp;C. W. Kalderon,&nbsp;N. J. Kang,&nbsp;D. Kar,&nbsp;K. Karava,&nbsp;M. J. Kareem,&nbsp;E. Karentzos,&nbsp;O. Karkout,&nbsp;S. N. Karpov,&nbsp;Z. M. Karpova,&nbsp;V. Kartvelishvili,&nbsp;A. N. Karyukhin,&nbsp;E. Kasimi,&nbsp;J. Katzy,&nbsp;S. Kaur,&nbsp;K. Kawade,&nbsp;M. P. Kawale,&nbsp;C. Kawamoto,&nbsp;T. Kawamoto,&nbsp;E. F. Kay,&nbsp;F. I. Kaya,&nbsp;S. Kazakos,&nbsp;V. F. Kazanin,&nbsp;Y. Ke,&nbsp;J. M. Keaveney,&nbsp;R. Keeler,&nbsp;G. V. Kehris,&nbsp;J. S. Keller,&nbsp;A. S. Kelly,&nbsp;J. J. Kempster,&nbsp;P. D. Kennedy,&nbsp;O. Kepka,&nbsp;B. P. Kerridge,&nbsp;S. Kersten,&nbsp;B. P. Kerševan,&nbsp;L. Keszeghova,&nbsp;S. Ketabchi Haghighat,&nbsp;R. A. Khan,&nbsp;A. Khanov,&nbsp;A. G. Kharlamov,&nbsp;T. Kharlamova,&nbsp;E. E. Khoda,&nbsp;M. Kholodenko,&nbsp;T. J. Khoo,&nbsp;G. Khoriauli,&nbsp;J. Khubua,&nbsp;Y. A. R. Khwaira,&nbsp;B. Kibirige,&nbsp;D. W. Kim,&nbsp;Y. K. Kim,&nbsp;N. Kimura,&nbsp;M. K. Kingston,&nbsp;A. Kirchhoff,&nbsp;C. Kirfel,&nbsp;F. Kirfel,&nbsp;J. Kirk,&nbsp;A. E. Kiryunin,&nbsp;C. Kitsaki,&nbsp;O. Kivernyk,&nbsp;M. Klassen,&nbsp;C. Klein,&nbsp;L. Klein,&nbsp;M. H. Klein,&nbsp;S. B. Klein,&nbsp;U. Klein,&nbsp;P. Klimek,&nbsp;A. Klimentov,&nbsp;T. Klioutchnikova,&nbsp;P. Kluit,&nbsp;S. Kluth,&nbsp;E. Kneringer,&nbsp;T. M. Knight,&nbsp;A. Knue,&nbsp;R. Kobayashi,&nbsp;D. Kobylianskii,&nbsp;S. F. Koch,&nbsp;M. Kocian,&nbsp;P. Kodyš,&nbsp;D. M. Koeck,&nbsp;P. T. Koenig,&nbsp;T. Koffas,&nbsp;O. Kolay,&nbsp;I. Koletsou,&nbsp;T. Komarek,&nbsp;K. Köneke,&nbsp;A. X. Y. Kong,&nbsp;T. Kono,&nbsp;N. Konstantinidis,&nbsp;P. Kontaxakis,&nbsp;B. Konya,&nbsp;R. Kopeliansky,&nbsp;S. Koperny,&nbsp;K. Korcyl,&nbsp;K. Kordas,&nbsp;A. Korn,&nbsp;S. Korn,&nbsp;I. Korolkov,&nbsp;N. Korotkova,&nbsp;B. Kortman,&nbsp;O. Kortner,&nbsp;S. Kortner,&nbsp;W. H. Kostecka,&nbsp;V. V. Kostyukhin,&nbsp;A. Kotsokechagia,&nbsp;A. Kotwal,&nbsp;A. Koulouris,&nbsp;A. Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi,&nbsp;C. Kourkoumelis,&nbsp;E. Kourlitis,&nbsp;O. Kovanda,&nbsp;R. Kowalewski,&nbsp;W. Kozanecki,&nbsp;A. S. Kozhin,&nbsp;V. A. Kramarenko,&nbsp;G. Kramberger,&nbsp;P. Kramer,&nbsp;M. W. Krasny,&nbsp;A. Krasznahorkay,&nbsp;A. C. Kraus,&nbsp;J. W. Kraus,&nbsp;J. A. Kremer,&nbsp;T. Kresse,&nbsp;J. Kretzschmar,&nbsp;K. Kreul,&nbsp;P. Krieger,&nbsp;S. Krishnamurthy,&nbsp;M. Krivos,&nbsp;K. Krizka,&nbsp;K. Kroeninger,&nbsp;H. Kroha,&nbsp;J. Kroll,&nbsp;J. Kroll,&nbsp;K. S. Krowpman,&nbsp;U. Kruchonak,&nbsp;H. Krüger,&nbsp;N. Krumnack,&nbsp;M. C. Kruse,&nbsp;O. Kuchinskaia,&nbsp;S. Kuday,&nbsp;S. Kuehn,&nbsp;R. Kuesters,&nbsp;T. Kuhl,&nbsp;V. Kukhtin,&nbsp;Y. Kulchitsky,&nbsp;S. Kuleshov,&nbsp;M. Kumar,&nbsp;N. Kumari,&nbsp;P. Kumari,&nbsp;A. Kupco,&nbsp;T. Kupfer,&nbsp;A. Kupich,&nbsp;O. Kuprash,&nbsp;H. Kurashige,&nbsp;L. L. Kurchaninov,&nbsp;O. Kurdysh,&nbsp;Y. A. Kurochkin,&nbsp;A. Kurova,&nbsp;M. Kuze,&nbsp;A. K. Kvam,&nbsp;J. Kvita,&nbsp;T. Kwan,&nbsp;N. G. Kyriacou,&nbsp;L. A. O. Laatu,&nbsp;C. Lacasta,&nbsp;F. Lacava,&nbsp;H. Lacker,&nbsp;D. Lacour,&nbsp;N. N. Lad,&nbsp;E. Ladygin,&nbsp;A. Lafarge,&nbsp;B. Laforge,&nbsp;T. Lagouri,&nbsp;F. Z. Lahbabi,&nbsp;S. Lai,&nbsp;J. E. Lambert,&nbsp;S. Lammers,&nbsp;W. Lampl,&nbsp;C. Lampoudis,&nbsp;G. Lamprinoudis,&nbsp;A. N. Lancaster,&nbsp;E. Lançon,&nbsp;U. Landgraf,&nbsp;M. P. J. Landon,&nbsp;V. S. Lang,&nbsp;O. K. B. Langrekken,&nbsp;A. J. Lankford,&nbsp;F. Lanni,&nbsp;K. Lantzsch,&nbsp;A. Lanza,&nbsp;J. F. Laporte,&nbsp;T. Lari,&nbsp;F. Lasagni Manghi,&nbsp;M. Lassnig,&nbsp;V. Latonova,&nbsp;A. Laudrain,&nbsp;A. Laurier,&nbsp;S. D. Lawlor,&nbsp;Z. Lawrence,&nbsp;R. Lazaridou,&nbsp;M. Lazzaroni,&nbsp;B. Le,&nbsp;E. M. Le Boulicaut,&nbsp;L. T. Le Pottier,&nbsp;B. Leban,&nbsp;A. Lebedev,&nbsp;M. LeBlanc,&nbsp;F. Ledroit-Guillon,&nbsp;S. C. Lee,&nbsp;S. Lee,&nbsp;T. F. Lee,&nbsp;L. L. Leeuw,&nbsp;H. P. Lefebvre,&nbsp;M. Lefebvre,&nbsp;C. Leggett,&nbsp;G. Lehmann Miotto,&nbsp;M. Leigh,&nbsp;W. A. Leight,&nbsp;W. Leinonen,&nbsp;A. Leisos,&nbsp;M. A. L. Leite,&nbsp;C. E. Leitgeb,&nbsp;R. Leitner,&nbsp;K. J. C. Leney,&nbsp;T. Lenz,&nbsp;S. Leone,&nbsp;C. Leonidopoulos,&nbsp;A. Leopold,&nbsp;C. Leroy,&nbsp;R. Les,&nbsp;C. G. Lester,&nbsp;M. Levchenko,&nbsp;J. Levêque,&nbsp;L. J. Levinson,&nbsp;G. Levrini,&nbsp;M. P. Lewicki,&nbsp;C. Lewis,&nbsp;D. J. Lewis,&nbsp;A. Li,&nbsp;B. Li,&nbsp;C. Li,&nbsp;C-Q. Li,&nbsp;H. Li,&nbsp;H. Li,&nbsp;H. Li,&nbsp;H. Li,&nbsp;H. Li,&nbsp;J. Li,&nbsp;K. Li,&nbsp;L. Li,&nbsp;M. Li,&nbsp;S. Li,&nbsp;S. Li,&nbsp;T. Li,&nbsp;X. Li,&nbsp;Z. Li,&nbsp;Z. Li,&nbsp;Z. Li,&nbsp;S. Liang,&nbsp;Z. Liang,&nbsp;M. Liberatore,&nbsp;B. Liberti,&nbsp;K. Lie,&nbsp;J. Lieber Marin,&nbsp;H. Lien,&nbsp;H. Lin,&nbsp;K. Lin,&nbsp;R. E. Lindley,&nbsp;J. H. Lindon,&nbsp;E. Lipeles,&nbsp;A. Lipniacka,&nbsp;A. Lister,&nbsp;J. D. Little,&nbsp;B. Liu,&nbsp;B. X. Liu,&nbsp;D. Liu,&nbsp;E. H. L. Liu,&nbsp;J. B. Liu,&nbsp;J. K. K. Liu,&nbsp;K. Liu,&nbsp;K. Liu,&nbsp;M. Liu,&nbsp;M. Y. Liu,&nbsp;P. Liu,&nbsp;Q. Liu,&nbsp;X. Liu,&nbsp;X. Liu,&nbsp;Y. Liu,&nbsp;Y. L. Liu,&nbsp;Y. W. Liu,&nbsp;J. Llorente Merino,&nbsp;S. L. Lloyd,&nbsp;E. M. Lobodzinska,&nbsp;P. Loch,&nbsp;T. Lohse,&nbsp;K. Lohwasser,&nbsp;E. Loiacono,&nbsp;M. Lokajicek,&nbsp;J. D. Lomas,&nbsp;J. D. Long,&nbsp;I. Longarini,&nbsp;R. Longo,&nbsp;I. Lopez Paz,&nbsp;A. Lopez Solis,&nbsp;N. Lorenzo Martinez,&nbsp;A. M. Lory,&nbsp;M. Losada,&nbsp;G. Löschcke Centeno,&nbsp;O. Loseva,&nbsp;X. Lou,&nbsp;X. Lou,&nbsp;A. Lounis,&nbsp;P. A. Love,&nbsp;G. Lu,&nbsp;M. Lu,&nbsp;S. Lu,&nbsp;Y. J. Lu,&nbsp;H. J. Lubatti,&nbsp;C. Luci,&nbsp;F. L. Lucio Alves,&nbsp;F. Luehring,&nbsp;I. Luise,&nbsp;O. Lukianchuk,&nbsp;O. Lundberg,&nbsp;B. Lund-Jensen,&nbsp;N. A. Luongo,&nbsp;M. S. Lutz,&nbsp;A. B. Lux,&nbsp;D. Lynn,&nbsp;R. Lysak,&nbsp;E. Lytken,&nbsp;V. Lyubushkin,&nbsp;T. Lyubushkina,&nbsp;M. M. Lyukova,&nbsp;M. Firdaus M. Soberi,&nbsp;H. Ma,&nbsp;K. Ma,&nbsp;L. L. Ma,&nbsp;W. Ma,&nbsp;Y. Ma,&nbsp;J. C. MacDonald,&nbsp;P. C. Machado De Abreu Farias,&nbsp;R. Madar,&nbsp;T. Madula,&nbsp;J. Maeda,&nbsp;T. Maeno,&nbsp;H. Maguire,&nbsp;V. Maiboroda,&nbsp;A. Maio,&nbsp;K. Maj,&nbsp;O. Majersky,&nbsp;S. Majewski,&nbsp;N. Makovec,&nbsp;V. Maksimovic,&nbsp;B. Malaescu,&nbsp;Pa. Malecki,&nbsp;V. P. Maleev,&nbsp;F. Malek,&nbsp;M. Mali,&nbsp;D. Malito,&nbsp;U. Mallik,&nbsp;S. Maltezos,&nbsp;S. Malyukov,&nbsp;J. Mamuzic,&nbsp;G. Mancini,&nbsp;M. N. Mancini,&nbsp;G. Manco,&nbsp;J. P. Mandalia,&nbsp;I. Mandić,&nbsp;L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho,&nbsp;I. M. Maniatis,&nbsp;J. Manjarres Ramos,&nbsp;D. C. Mankad,&nbsp;A. Mann,&nbsp;S. Manzoni,&nbsp;L. Mao,&nbsp;X. Mapekula,&nbsp;A. Marantis,&nbsp;G. Marchiori,&nbsp;M. Marcisovsky,&nbsp;C. Marcon,&nbsp;M. Marinescu,&nbsp;S. Marium,&nbsp;M. Marjanovic,&nbsp;A. Markhoos,&nbsp;M. Markovitch,&nbsp;E. J. Marshall,&nbsp;Z. Marshall,&nbsp;S. Marti-Garcia,&nbsp;J. Martin,&nbsp;T. A. Martin,&nbsp;V. J. Martin,&nbsp;B. Martin dit Latour,&nbsp;L. Martinelli,&nbsp;M. Martinez,&nbsp;P. Martinez Agullo,&nbsp;V. I. Martinez Outschoorn,&nbsp;P. Martinez Suarez,&nbsp;S. Martin-Haugh,&nbsp;G. Martinovicova,&nbsp;V. S. Martoiu,&nbsp;A. C. Martyniuk,&nbsp;A. Marzin,&nbsp;D. Mascione,&nbsp;L. Masetti,&nbsp;T. Mashimo,&nbsp;J. Masik,&nbsp;A. L. Maslennikov,&nbsp;P. Massarotti,&nbsp;P. Mastrandrea,&nbsp;A. Mastroberardino,&nbsp;T. Masubuchi,&nbsp;T. Mathisen,&nbsp;J. Matousek,&nbsp;N. Matsuzawa,&nbsp;J. Maurer,&nbsp;A. J. Maury,&nbsp;B. Maček,&nbsp;D. A. Maximov,&nbsp;A. E. May,&nbsp;R. Mazini,&nbsp;I. Maznas,&nbsp;M. Mazza,&nbsp;S. M. Mazza,&nbsp;E. Mazzeo,&nbsp;C. Mc Ginn,&nbsp;J. P. Mc Gowan,&nbsp;S. P. Mc Kee,&nbsp;C. C. McCracken,&nbsp;E. F. McDonald,&nbsp;A. E. McDougall,&nbsp;J. A. Mcfayden,&nbsp;R. P. McGovern,&nbsp;R. P. Mckenzie,&nbsp;T. C. Mclachlan,&nbsp;D. J. Mclaughlin,&nbsp;S. J. McMahon,&nbsp;C. M. Mcpartland,&nbsp;R. A. McPherson,&nbsp;S. Mehlhase,&nbsp;A. Mehta,&nbsp;D. Melini,&nbsp;B. R. Mellado Garcia,&nbsp;A. H. Melo,&nbsp;F. Meloni,&nbsp;A. M. Mendes Jacques Da Costa,&nbsp;H. Y. Meng,&nbsp;L. Meng,&nbsp;S. Menke,&nbsp;M. Mentink,&nbsp;E. Meoni,&nbsp;G. Mercado,&nbsp;S. Merianos,&nbsp;C. Merlassino,&nbsp;L. Merola,&nbsp;C. Meroni,&nbsp;J. Metcalfe,&nbsp;A. S. Mete,&nbsp;E. Meuser,&nbsp;C. Meyer,&nbsp;J-P. Meyer,&nbsp;R. P. Middleton,&nbsp;L. Mijović,&nbsp;G. Mikenberg,&nbsp;M. Mikestikova,&nbsp;M. Mikuž,&nbsp;H. Mildner,&nbsp;A. Milic,&nbsp;D. W. Miller,&nbsp;E. H. Miller,&nbsp;L. S. Miller,&nbsp;A. Milov,&nbsp;D. A. Milstead,&nbsp;T. Min,&nbsp;A. A. Minaenko,&nbsp;I. A. Minashvili,&nbsp;L. Mince,&nbsp;A. I. Mincer,&nbsp;B. Mindur,&nbsp;M. Mineev,&nbsp;Y. Mino,&nbsp;L. M. Mir,&nbsp;M. Miralles Lopez,&nbsp;M. Mironova,&nbsp;A. Mishima,&nbsp;M. C. Missio,&nbsp;A. Mitra,&nbsp;V. A. Mitsou,&nbsp;Y. Mitsumori,&nbsp;O. Miu,&nbsp;P. S. Miyagawa,&nbsp;T. Mkrtchyan,&nbsp;M. Mlinarevic,&nbsp;T. Mlinarevic,&nbsp;M. Mlynarikova,&nbsp;S. Mobius,&nbsp;P. Mogg,&nbsp;M. H. Mohamed Farook,&nbsp;A. F. Mohammed,&nbsp;S. Mohapatra,&nbsp;G. Mokgatitswane,&nbsp;L. Moleri,&nbsp;B. Mondal,&nbsp;S. Mondal,&nbsp;K. Mönig,&nbsp;E. Monnier,&nbsp;L. Monsonis Romero,&nbsp;J. Montejo Berlingen,&nbsp;M. Montella,&nbsp;F. Montereali,&nbsp;F. Monticelli,&nbsp;S. Monzani,&nbsp;N. Morange,&nbsp;A. L. Moreira De Carvalho,&nbsp;M. Moreno Llácer,&nbsp;C. Moreno Martinez,&nbsp;P. Morettini,&nbsp;S. Morgenstern,&nbsp;M. Morii,&nbsp;M. Morinaga,&nbsp;F. Morodei,&nbsp;L. Morvaj,&nbsp;P. Moschovakos,&nbsp;B. Moser,&nbsp;M. Mosidze,&nbsp;T. Moskalets,&nbsp;P. Moskvitina,&nbsp;J. Moss,&nbsp;P. Moszkowicz,&nbsp;A. Moussa,&nbsp;E. J. W. Moyse,&nbsp;O. Mtintsilana,&nbsp;S. Muanza,&nbsp;J. Mueller,&nbsp;D. Muenstermann,&nbsp;R. Müller,&nbsp;G. A. Mullier,&nbsp;A. J. Mullin,&nbsp;J. J. Mullin,&nbsp;D. P. Mungo,&nbsp;D. Munoz Perez,&nbsp;F. J. Munoz Sanchez,&nbsp;M. Murin,&nbsp;W. J. Murray,&nbsp;M. Muškinja,&nbsp;C. Mwewa,&nbsp;A. G. Myagkov,&nbsp;A. J. Myers,&nbsp;G. Myers,&nbsp;M. Myska,&nbsp;B. P. Nachman,&nbsp;O. Nackenhorst,&nbsp;K. Nagai,&nbsp;K. Nagano,&nbsp;J. L. Nagle,&nbsp;E. Nagy,&nbsp;A. M. Nairz,&nbsp;Y. Nakahama,&nbsp;K. Nakamura,&nbsp;K. Nakkalil,&nbsp;H. Nanjo,&nbsp;E. A. Narayanan,&nbsp;I. Naryshkin,&nbsp;L. Nasella,&nbsp;M. Naseri,&nbsp;S. Nasri,&nbsp;C. Nass,&nbsp;G. Navarro,&nbsp;J. Navarro-Gonzalez,&nbsp;R. Nayak,&nbsp;A. Nayaz,&nbsp;P. Y. Nechaeva,&nbsp;S. Nechaeva,&nbsp;F. Nechansky,&nbsp;L. Nedic,&nbsp;T. J. Neep,&nbsp;A. Negri,&nbsp;M. Negrini,&nbsp;C. Nellist,&nbsp;C. Nelson,&nbsp;K. Nelson,&nbsp;S. Nemecek,&nbsp;M. Nessi,&nbsp;M. S. Neubauer,&nbsp;F. Neuhaus,&nbsp;J. Neundorf,&nbsp;P. R. Newman,&nbsp;C. W. Ng,&nbsp;Y. W. Y. Ng,&nbsp;B. Ngair,&nbsp;H. D. N. Nguyen,&nbsp;R. B. Nickerson,&nbsp;R. Nicolaidou,&nbsp;J. Nielsen,&nbsp;M. Niemeyer,&nbsp;J. Niermann,&nbsp;N. Nikiforou,&nbsp;V. Nikolaenko,&nbsp;I. Nikolic-Audit,&nbsp;K. Nikolopoulos,&nbsp;P. Nilsson,&nbsp;I. Ninca,&nbsp;G. Ninio,&nbsp;A. Nisati,&nbsp;N. Nishu,&nbsp;R. Nisius,&nbsp;J-E. Nitschke,&nbsp;E. K. Nkadimeng,&nbsp;T. Nobe,&nbsp;T. Nommensen,&nbsp;M. B. Norfolk,&nbsp;B. J. Norman,&nbsp;M. Noury,&nbsp;J. Novak,&nbsp;T. Novak,&nbsp;L. Novotny,&nbsp;R. Novotny,&nbsp;L. Nozka,&nbsp;K. Ntekas,&nbsp;N. M. J. Nunes De Moura Junior,&nbsp;J. Ocariz,&nbsp;A. Ochi,&nbsp;I. Ochoa,&nbsp;S. Oerdek,&nbsp;J. T. Offermann,&nbsp;A. Ogrodnik,&nbsp;A. Oh,&nbsp;C. C. Ohm,&nbsp;H. Oide,&nbsp;R. Oishi,&nbsp;M. L. Ojeda,&nbsp;Y. Okumura,&nbsp;L. F. Oleiro Seabra,&nbsp;I. Oleksiyuk,&nbsp;S. A. Olivares Pino,&nbsp;G. Oliveira Correa,&nbsp;D. Oliveira Damazio,&nbsp;D. Oliveira Goncalves,&nbsp;J. L. Oliver,&nbsp;Ö. O. Öncel,&nbsp;A. P. O’Neill,&nbsp;A. Onofre,&nbsp;P. U. E. Onyisi,&nbsp;M. J. Oreglia,&nbsp;G. E. Orellana,&nbsp;D. Orestano,&nbsp;N. Orlando,&nbsp;R. S. Orr,&nbsp;L. M. Osojnak,&nbsp;R. Ospanov,&nbsp;G. Otero y Garzon,&nbsp;H. Otono,&nbsp;P. S. Ott,&nbsp;G. J. Ottino,&nbsp;M. Ouchrif,&nbsp;F. Ould-Saada,&nbsp;T. Ovsiannikova,&nbsp;M. Owen,&nbsp;R. E. Owen,&nbsp;V. E. Ozcan,&nbsp;F. Ozturk,&nbsp;N. Ozturk,&nbsp;S. Ozturk,&nbsp;H. A. Pacey,&nbsp;A. Pacheco Pages,&nbsp;C. Padilla Aranda,&nbsp;G. Padovano,&nbsp;S. Pagan Griso,&nbsp;G. Palacino,&nbsp;A. Palazzo,&nbsp;P. Palni,&nbsp;J. Pampel,&nbsp;J. Pan,&nbsp;T. Pan,&nbsp;D. K. Panchal,&nbsp;C. E. Pandini,&nbsp;J. G. Panduro Vazquez,&nbsp;H. D. Pandya,&nbsp;H. Pang,&nbsp;P. Pani,&nbsp;G. Panizzo,&nbsp;L. Panwar,&nbsp;L. Paolozzi,&nbsp;S. Parajuli,&nbsp;A. Paramonov,&nbsp;C. Paraskevopoulos,&nbsp;D. Paredes Hernandez,&nbsp;A. Pareti,&nbsp;K. R. Park,&nbsp;T. H. Park,&nbsp;M. A. Parker,&nbsp;F. Parodi,&nbsp;E. W. Parrish,&nbsp;V. A. Parrish,&nbsp;J. A. Parsons,&nbsp;U. Parzefall,&nbsp;B. Pascual Dias,&nbsp;L. Pascual Dominguez,&nbsp;E. Pasqualucci,&nbsp;S. Passaggio,&nbsp;F. Pastore,&nbsp;P. Patel,&nbsp;U. M. Patel,&nbsp;J. R. Pater,&nbsp;T. Pauly,&nbsp;C. I. Pazos,&nbsp;J. Pearkes,&nbsp;M. Pedersen,&nbsp;R. Pedro,&nbsp;S. V. Peleganchuk,&nbsp;O. Penc,&nbsp;E. A. Pender,&nbsp;G. D. Penn,&nbsp;K. E. Penski,&nbsp;M. Penzin,&nbsp;B. S. Peralva,&nbsp;A. P. Pereira Peixoto,&nbsp;L. Pereira Sanchez,&nbsp;D. V. Perepelitsa,&nbsp;G. Perera,&nbsp;E. Perez Codina,&nbsp;M. Perganti,&nbsp;H. Pernegger,&nbsp;S. Perrella,&nbsp;O. Perrin,&nbsp;K. Peters,&nbsp;R. F. Y. Peters,&nbsp;B. A. Petersen,&nbsp;T. C. Petersen,&nbsp;E. Petit,&nbsp;V. Petousis,&nbsp;C. Petridou,&nbsp;T. Petru,&nbsp;A. Petrukhin,&nbsp;M. Pettee,&nbsp;A. Petukhov,&nbsp;K. Petukhova,&nbsp;R. Pezoa,&nbsp;L. Pezzotti,&nbsp;G. Pezzullo,&nbsp;T. M. Pham,&nbsp;T. Pham,&nbsp;P. W. Phillips,&nbsp;G. Piacquadio,&nbsp;E. Pianori,&nbsp;F. Piazza,&nbsp;R. Piegaia,&nbsp;D. Pietreanu,&nbsp;A. D. Pilkington,&nbsp;M. Pinamonti,&nbsp;J. L. Pinfold,&nbsp;B. C. Pinheiro Pereira,&nbsp;A. E. Pinto Pinoargote,&nbsp;L. Pintucci,&nbsp;K. M. Piper,&nbsp;A. Pirttikoski,&nbsp;D. A. Pizzi,&nbsp;L. Pizzimento,&nbsp;A. Pizzini,&nbsp;M.-A. Pleier,&nbsp;V. Pleskot,&nbsp;E. Plotnikova,&nbsp;G. Poddar,&nbsp;R. Poettgen,&nbsp;L. Poggioli,&nbsp;I. Pokharel,&nbsp;S. Polacek,&nbsp;G. Polesello,&nbsp;A. Poley,&nbsp;A. Polini,&nbsp;C. S. Pollard,&nbsp;Z. B. Pollock,&nbsp;E. Pompa Pacchi,&nbsp;N. I. Pond,&nbsp;D. Ponomarenko,&nbsp;L. Pontecorvo,&nbsp;S. Popa,&nbsp;G. A. Popeneciu,&nbsp;A. Poreba,&nbsp;D. M. Portillo Quintero,&nbsp;S. Pospisil,&nbsp;M. A. Postill,&nbsp;P. Postolache,&nbsp;K. Potamianos,&nbsp;P. A. Potepa,&nbsp;I. N. Potrap,&nbsp;C. J. Potter,&nbsp;H. Potti,&nbsp;J. Poveda,&nbsp;M. E. Pozo Astigarraga,&nbsp;A. Prades Ibanez,&nbsp;J. Pretel,&nbsp;D. Price,&nbsp;M. Primavera,&nbsp;M. A. Principe Martin,&nbsp;R. Privara,&nbsp;T. Procter,&nbsp;M. L. Proffitt,&nbsp;N. Proklova,&nbsp;K. Prokofiev,&nbsp;G. Proto,&nbsp;J. Proudfoot,&nbsp;M. Przybycien,&nbsp;W. W. Przygoda,&nbsp;A. Psallidas,&nbsp;J. E. Puddefoot,&nbsp;D. Pudzha,&nbsp;D. Pyatiizbyantseva,&nbsp;J. Qian,&nbsp;D. Qichen,&nbsp;Y. Qin,&nbsp;T. Qiu,&nbsp;A. Quadt,&nbsp;M. Queitsch-Maitland,&nbsp;G. Quetant,&nbsp;R. P. Quinn,&nbsp;G. Rabanal Bolanos,&nbsp;D. Rafanoharana,&nbsp;F. Raffaeli,&nbsp;F. Ragusa,&nbsp;J. L. Rainbolt,&nbsp;J. A. Raine,&nbsp;S. Rajagopalan,&nbsp;E. Ramakoti,&nbsp;I. A. Ramirez-Berend,&nbsp;K. Ran,&nbsp;N. P. Rapheeha,&nbsp;H. Rasheed,&nbsp;V. Raskina,&nbsp;D. F. Rassloff,&nbsp;A. Rastogi,&nbsp;S. Rave,&nbsp;S. Ravera,&nbsp;B. Ravina,&nbsp;I. Ravinovich,&nbsp;M. Raymond,&nbsp;A. L. Read,&nbsp;N. P. Readioff,&nbsp;D. M. Rebuzzi,&nbsp;G. Redlinger,&nbsp;A. S. Reed,&nbsp;K. Reeves,&nbsp;J. A. Reidelsturz,&nbsp;D. Reikher,&nbsp;A. Rej,&nbsp;C. Rembser,&nbsp;M. Renda,&nbsp;M. B. Rendel,&nbsp;F. Renner,&nbsp;A. G. Rennie,&nbsp;A. L. Rescia,&nbsp;S. Resconi,&nbsp;M. Ressegotti,&nbsp;S. Rettie,&nbsp;J. G. Reyes Rivera,&nbsp;E. Reynolds,&nbsp;O. L. Rezanova,&nbsp;P. Reznicek,&nbsp;H. Riani,&nbsp;N. Ribaric,&nbsp;E. Ricci,&nbsp;R. Richter,&nbsp;S. Richter,&nbsp;E. Richter-Was,&nbsp;M. Ridel,&nbsp;S. Ridouani,&nbsp;P. Rieck,&nbsp;P. Riedler,&nbsp;E. M. Riefel,&nbsp;J. O. Rieger,&nbsp;M. Rijssenbeek,&nbsp;M. Rimoldi,&nbsp;L. Rinaldi,&nbsp;T. T. Rinn,&nbsp;M. P. Rinnagel,&nbsp;G. Ripellino,&nbsp;I. Riu,&nbsp;J. C. Rivera Vergara,&nbsp;F. Rizatdinova,&nbsp;E. Rizvi,&nbsp;B. R. Roberts,&nbsp;S. H. Robertson,&nbsp;D. Robinson,&nbsp;C. M. Robles Gajardo,&nbsp;M. Robles Manzano,&nbsp;A. Robson,&nbsp;A. Rocchi,&nbsp;C. Roda,&nbsp;S. Rodriguez Bosca,&nbsp;Y. Rodriguez Garcia,&nbsp;A. Rodriguez Rodriguez,&nbsp;A. M. Rodríguez Vera,&nbsp;S. Roe,&nbsp;J. T. Roemer,&nbsp;A. R. Roepe-Gier,&nbsp;J. Roggel,&nbsp;O. Røhne,&nbsp;R. A. Rojas,&nbsp;C. P. A. Roland,&nbsp;J. Roloff,&nbsp;A. Romaniouk,&nbsp;E. Romano,&nbsp;M. Romano,&nbsp;A. C. Romero Hernandez,&nbsp;N. Rompotis,&nbsp;L. Roos,&nbsp;S. Rosati,&nbsp;B. J. Rosser,&nbsp;E. Rossi,&nbsp;E. Rossi,&nbsp;L. P. Rossi,&nbsp;L. Rossini,&nbsp;R. Rosten,&nbsp;M. Rotaru,&nbsp;B. Rottler,&nbsp;C. Rougier,&nbsp;D. Rousseau,&nbsp;D. Rousso,&nbsp;A. Roy,&nbsp;S. Roy-Garand,&nbsp;A. Rozanov,&nbsp;Z. M. A. Rozario,&nbsp;Y. Rozen,&nbsp;A. Rubio Jimenez,&nbsp;A. J. Ruby,&nbsp;V. H. Ruelas Rivera,&nbsp;T. A. Ruggeri,&nbsp;A. Ruggiero,&nbsp;A. Ruiz-Martinez,&nbsp;A. Rummler,&nbsp;Z. Rurikova,&nbsp;N. A. Rusakovich,&nbsp;H. L. Russell,&nbsp;G. Russo,&nbsp;J. P. Rutherfoord,&nbsp;S. Rutherford Colmenares,&nbsp;M. Rybar,&nbsp;E. B. Rye,&nbsp;A. Ryzhov,&nbsp;J. A. Sabater Iglesias,&nbsp;P. Sabatini,&nbsp;H. F-W. Sadrozinski,&nbsp;F. Safai Tehrani,&nbsp;B. Safarzadeh Samani,&nbsp;S. Saha,&nbsp;M. Sahinsoy,&nbsp;A. Saibel,&nbsp;M. Saimpert,&nbsp;M. Saito,&nbsp;T. Saito,&nbsp;A. Sala,&nbsp;D. Salamani,&nbsp;A. Salnikov,&nbsp;J. Salt,&nbsp;A. Salvador Salas,&nbsp;D. Salvatore,&nbsp;F. Salvatore,&nbsp;A. Salzburger,&nbsp;D. Sammel,&nbsp;E. Sampson,&nbsp;D. Sampsonidis,&nbsp;D. Sampsonidou,&nbsp;J. Sánchez,&nbsp;V. Sanchez Sebastian,&nbsp;H. Sandaker,&nbsp;C. O. Sander,&nbsp;J. A. Sandesara,&nbsp;M. Sandhoff,&nbsp;C. Sandoval,&nbsp;L. Sanfilippo,&nbsp;D. P. C. Sankey,&nbsp;T. Sano,&nbsp;A. Sansoni,&nbsp;L. Santi,&nbsp;C. Santoni,&nbsp;H. Santos,&nbsp;A. Santra,&nbsp;E. Sanzani,&nbsp;K. A. Saoucha,&nbsp;J. G. Saraiva,&nbsp;J. Sardain,&nbsp;O. Sasaki,&nbsp;K. Sato,&nbsp;C. Sauer,&nbsp;E. Sauvan,&nbsp;P. Savard,&nbsp;R. Sawada,&nbsp;C. Sawyer,&nbsp;L. Sawyer,&nbsp;C. Sbarra,&nbsp;A. Sbrizzi,&nbsp;T. Scanlon,&nbsp;J. Schaarschmidt,&nbsp;U. Schäfer,&nbsp;A. C. Schaffer,&nbsp;D. Schaile,&nbsp;R. D. Schamberger,&nbsp;C. Scharf,&nbsp;M. M. Schefer,&nbsp;V. A. Schegelsky,&nbsp;D. Scheirich,&nbsp;M. Schernau,&nbsp;C. Scheulen,&nbsp;C. Schiavi,&nbsp;M. Schioppa,&nbsp;B. Schlag,&nbsp;K. E. Schleicher,&nbsp;S. Schlenker,&nbsp;J. Schmeing,&nbsp;M. A. Schmidt,&nbsp;K. Schmieden,&nbsp;C. Schmitt,&nbsp;N. Schmitt,&nbsp;S. Schmitt,&nbsp;L. Schoeffel,&nbsp;A. Schoening,&nbsp;P. G. Scholer,&nbsp;E. Schopf,&nbsp;M. Schott,&nbsp;J. Schovancova,&nbsp;S. Schramm,&nbsp;T. Schroer,&nbsp;H-C. Schultz-Coulon,&nbsp;M. Schumacher,&nbsp;B. A. Schumm,&nbsp;Ph. Schune,&nbsp;A. J. Schuy,&nbsp;H. R. Schwartz,&nbsp;A. Schwartzman,&nbsp;T. A. Schwarz,&nbsp;Ph. Schwemling,&nbsp;R. Schwienhorst,&nbsp;A. Sciandra,&nbsp;G. Sciolla,&nbsp;F. Scuri,&nbsp;C. D. Sebastiani,&nbsp;K. Sedlaczek,&nbsp;S. C. Seidel,&nbsp;A. Seiden,&nbsp;B. D. Seidlitz,&nbsp;C. Seitz,&nbsp;J. M. Seixas,&nbsp;G. Sekhniaidze,&nbsp;L. Selem,&nbsp;N. Semprini-Cesari,&nbsp;D. Sengupta,&nbsp;V. Senthilkumar,&nbsp;L. Serin,&nbsp;M. Sessa,&nbsp;H. Severini,&nbsp;F. Sforza,&nbsp;A. Sfyrla,&nbsp;Q. Sha,&nbsp;E. Shabalina,&nbsp;A. H. Shah,&nbsp;R. Shaheen,&nbsp;J. D. Shahinian,&nbsp;D. Shaked Renous,&nbsp;L. Y. Shan,&nbsp;M. Shapiro,&nbsp;A. Sharma,&nbsp;A. S. Sharma,&nbsp;P. Sharma,&nbsp;P. B. Shatalov,&nbsp;K. Shaw,&nbsp;S. M. Shaw,&nbsp;Q. Shen,&nbsp;D. J. Sheppard,&nbsp;P. Sherwood,&nbsp;L. Shi,&nbsp;X. Shi,&nbsp;C. O. Shimmin,&nbsp;J. D. Shinner,&nbsp;I. P. J. Shipsey,&nbsp;S. Shirabe,&nbsp;M. Shiyakova,&nbsp;M. J. Shochet,&nbsp;J. Shojaii,&nbsp;D. R. Shope,&nbsp;B. Shrestha,&nbsp;S. Shrestha,&nbsp;M. J. Shroff,&nbsp;P. Sicho,&nbsp;A. M. Sickles,&nbsp;E. Sideras Haddad,&nbsp;A. C. Sidley,&nbsp;A. Sidoti,&nbsp;F. Siegert,&nbsp;Dj. Sijacki,&nbsp;F. Sili,&nbsp;J. M. Silva,&nbsp;I. Silva Ferreira,&nbsp;M. V. Silva Oliveira,&nbsp;S. B. Silverstein,&nbsp;S. Simion,&nbsp;R. Simoniello,&nbsp;E. L. Simpson,&nbsp;H. Simpson,&nbsp;L. R. Simpson,&nbsp;N. D. Simpson,&nbsp;S. Simsek,&nbsp;S. Sindhu,&nbsp;P. Sinervo,&nbsp;S. Singh,&nbsp;S. Sinha,&nbsp;S. Sinha,&nbsp;M. Sioli,&nbsp;I. Siral,&nbsp;E. Sitnikova,&nbsp;J. Sjölin,&nbsp;A. Skaf,&nbsp;E. Skorda,&nbsp;P. Skubic,&nbsp;M. Slawinska,&nbsp;V. Smakhtin,&nbsp;B. H. Smart,&nbsp;S. 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Von Ahnen,&nbsp;E. Von Toerne,&nbsp;B. Vormwald,&nbsp;V. Vorobel,&nbsp;K. Vorobev,&nbsp;M. Vos,&nbsp;K. Voss,&nbsp;M. Vozak,&nbsp;L. Vozdecky,&nbsp;N. Vranjes,&nbsp;M. Vranjes Milosavljevic,&nbsp;M. Vreeswijk,&nbsp;N. K. Vu,&nbsp;R. Vuillermet,&nbsp;O. Vujinovic,&nbsp;I. Vukotic,&nbsp;S. Wada,&nbsp;C. Wagner,&nbsp;J. M. Wagner,&nbsp;W. Wagner,&nbsp;S. Wahdan,&nbsp;H. Wahlberg,&nbsp;M. Wakida,&nbsp;J. Walder,&nbsp;R. Walker,&nbsp;W. Walkowiak,&nbsp;A. Wall,&nbsp;E. J. Wallin,&nbsp;T. Wamorkar,&nbsp;A. Z. Wang,&nbsp;C. Wang,&nbsp;C. Wang,&nbsp;H. Wang,&nbsp;J. Wang,&nbsp;R. Wang,&nbsp;R. Wang,&nbsp;S. M. Wang,&nbsp;S. Wang,&nbsp;S. Wang,&nbsp;T. Wang,&nbsp;W. T. Wang,&nbsp;W. Wang,&nbsp;X. Wang,&nbsp;X. Wang,&nbsp;X. Wang,&nbsp;Y. Wang,&nbsp;Y. Wang,&nbsp;Z. Wang,&nbsp;Z. Wang,&nbsp;Z. Wang,&nbsp;A. Warburton,&nbsp;R. J. Ward,&nbsp;N. Warrack,&nbsp;S. Waterhouse,&nbsp;A. T. Watson,&nbsp;H. Watson,&nbsp;M. F. Watson,&nbsp;E. Watton,&nbsp;G. Watts,&nbsp;B. M. Waugh,&nbsp;J. M. 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Zaid,&nbsp;Z. K. Zak,&nbsp;T. Zakareishvili,&nbsp;N. Zakharchuk,&nbsp;S. Zambito,&nbsp;J. A. Zamora Saa,&nbsp;J. Zang,&nbsp;D. Zanzi,&nbsp;O. Zaplatilek,&nbsp;C. Zeitnitz,&nbsp;H. Zeng,&nbsp;J. C. Zeng,&nbsp;D. T. Zenger Jr,&nbsp;O. Zenin,&nbsp;T. Ženiš,&nbsp;S. Zenz,&nbsp;S. Zerradi,&nbsp;D. Zerwas,&nbsp;M. Zhai,&nbsp;D. F. Zhang,&nbsp;J. Zhang,&nbsp;J. Zhang,&nbsp;K. Zhang,&nbsp;L. Zhang,&nbsp;L. Zhang,&nbsp;P. Zhang,&nbsp;R. Zhang,&nbsp;S. Zhang,&nbsp;S. Zhang,&nbsp;T. Zhang,&nbsp;X. Zhang,&nbsp;X. Zhang,&nbsp;Y. Zhang,&nbsp;Y. Zhang,&nbsp;Y. Zhang,&nbsp;Z. Zhang,&nbsp;Z. Zhang,&nbsp;Z. Zhang,&nbsp;H. Zhao,&nbsp;T. Zhao,&nbsp;Y. Zhao,&nbsp;Z. Zhao,&nbsp;Z. Zhao,&nbsp;A. Zhemchugov,&nbsp;J. Zheng,&nbsp;K. Zheng,&nbsp;X. Zheng,&nbsp;Z. Zheng,&nbsp;D. Zhong,&nbsp;B. Zhou,&nbsp;H. Zhou,&nbsp;N. Zhou,&nbsp;Y. Zhou,&nbsp;Y. Zhou,&nbsp;Y. Zhou,&nbsp;C. G. Zhu,&nbsp;J. Zhu,&nbsp;X. Zhu,&nbsp;Y. Zhu,&nbsp;Y. Zhu,&nbsp;X. Zhuang,&nbsp;K. Zhukov,&nbsp;N. I. Zimine,&nbsp;J. Zinsser,&nbsp;M. Ziolkowski,&nbsp;L. Živković,&nbsp;A. Zoccoli,&nbsp;K. Zoch,&nbsp;T. G. Zorbas,&nbsp;O. Zormpa,&nbsp;W. Zou,&nbsp;L. Zwalinski","doi":"10.1007/JHEP11(2024)101","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP11(2024)101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper reports the observation of top-quark pair production in proton-lead collisions in the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed using 165 nb<sup><i>−</i>1</sup> of <i>p</i>+Pb data collected at <span>( sqrt{s_{textrm{NN}}} )</span> = 8<i>.</i>16 TeV in 2016. Events are categorised in two analysis channels, consisting of either events with exactly one lepton (electron or muon) and at least four jets, or events with two opposite-charge leptons and at least two jets. In both channels at least one <i>b</i>-tagged jet is also required. Top-quark pair production is observed with a significance over five standard deviations in each channel. The top-quark pair production cross-section is measured to be <span>( {sigma}_{toverline{t}}=58.1pm 2.0{left(textrm{stat}.right)}_{-4.4}^{+4.8}left(textrm{syst}.right) )</span> nb, with a total uncertainty of 9%. In addition, the nuclear modification factor is measured to be <span>( {R}_{ptextrm{A}}=1.090pm 0.039{left(textrm{stat}.right)}_{-0.087}^{+0.094}left(textrm{syst}.right) )</span>. The measurements are found to be in good agreement with theory predictions involving nuclear parton distribution functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2024 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP11(2024)101.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Category of SET orders SET 订单类别
IF 5.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2024)111
Tian Lan, Gen Yue, Longye Wang

We propose the representation principle to study physical systems with a given symmetry. In the context of symmetry enriched topological orders, we give the appropriate representation category, the category of SET orders, which include SPT orders and symmetry breaking orders as special cases. For fusion n-category symmetries, we show that the category of SET orders encodes almost all information about the interplay between symmetry and topological orders, in a natural and canonical way. These information include defects and boundaries of SET orders, symmetry charges, explicit and spontaneous symmetry breaking, stacking of SET orders, gauging of generalized symmetry, as well as quantum currents (SymTFT or symmetry TO). We also provide a detailed categorical algorithm to compute the generalized gauging. In particular, we proved that gauging is always reversible, as a special type of Morita-equivalence. The explicit data for ungauging, the inverse to gauging, is given.

我们提出了研究具有给定对称性的物理系统的表示原理。在对称性丰富拓扑阶的背景下,我们给出了适当的表示范畴,即 SET 阶范畴,其中包括作为特例的 SPT 阶和对称性破缺阶。对于融合 n 类对称性,我们表明 SET 秩类别以自然和典型的方式编码了对称性与拓扑秩之间相互作用的几乎所有信息。这些信息包括 SET 阶的缺陷和边界、对称电荷、显性和自发对称破缺、SET 阶的堆叠、广义对称的测量以及量子电流(SymTFT 或对称 TO)。我们还提供了计算广义测量的详细分类算法。我们特别证明,作为一种特殊类型的莫里塔等价,测量总是可逆的。我们还给出了与测量相反的非测量的明确数据。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of High Energy Physics
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