Pub Date : 1997-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.662969
C. Campbell, P.J. Edmondson
Operation at harmonic frequencies of both IDTs and reflection gratings represents one possible technique for circumventing fabrication, tolerance and power dissipation limitations in SAW/LSAW resonators and resonator-filters, as mobile and wireless frequencies extend well above 2 GHz. Here, characteristic matrices [M] for optical interference gratings are applied to SAW reflection gratings operating at fundamental and harmonic frequencies. Both even and odd harmonic responses of high reflectivity can be obtained, to a level dependent on both energy storage and metallization ratio /spl eta/. These concepts are applied to an experimental study of a one-port LSAW resonator on 64/spl deg/ LiNbO/sub 3/ incorporating a three-finger per period IDT finger structure, and operating at both the fundamental (489 MHz) and the second harmonic (1010 MHz).
{"title":"Operation of a SAW reflection grating at harmonic frequencies","authors":"C. Campbell, P.J. Edmondson","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.662969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.662969","url":null,"abstract":"Operation at harmonic frequencies of both IDTs and reflection gratings represents one possible technique for circumventing fabrication, tolerance and power dissipation limitations in SAW/LSAW resonators and resonator-filters, as mobile and wireless frequencies extend well above 2 GHz. Here, characteristic matrices [M] for optical interference gratings are applied to SAW reflection gratings operating at fundamental and harmonic frequencies. Both even and odd harmonic responses of high reflectivity can be obtained, to a level dependent on both energy storage and metallization ratio /spl eta/. These concepts are applied to an experimental study of a one-port LSAW resonator on 64/spl deg/ LiNbO/sub 3/ incorporating a three-finger per period IDT finger structure, and operating at both the fundamental (489 MHz) and the second harmonic (1010 MHz).","PeriodicalId":6369,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)","volume":"99 1","pages":"5-9 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78383084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663346
Y. Miwa, R. Shinomura
The aim of this paper is to show the effectiveness of two-directional phase aberration correction using real-time signals obtained from a human body. The authors constructed a two-dimensional array and the real-time data acquisition system for this purpose. The array has ten elements in both the scan and elevation directions. It is placed in contact with a human body and signals reflected from the subject's liver are digitized by parallel A/D converters and stored in memory. The data acquisition for each image is completed in 52.4 ms. A cross-sectional image of the liver is then constructed off-line with a computer. Images of the liver before and after the phase aberration correction show that the image was significantly improved after the compensation.
{"title":"Two-directional phase aberration correction using a two-dimensional array","authors":"Y. Miwa, R. Shinomura","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663346","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to show the effectiveness of two-directional phase aberration correction using real-time signals obtained from a human body. The authors constructed a two-dimensional array and the real-time data acquisition system for this purpose. The array has ten elements in both the scan and elevation directions. It is placed in contact with a human body and signals reflected from the subject's liver are digitized by parallel A/D converters and stored in memory. The data acquisition for each image is completed in 52.4 ms. A cross-sectional image of the liver is then constructed off-line with a computer. Images of the liver before and after the phase aberration correction show that the image was significantly improved after the compensation.","PeriodicalId":6369,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)","volume":"20 3 1","pages":"1733-1736 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76714775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.662998
J. Salo, K. Bjorknas, J. Fagerholm, A. Friberg, M.M. Salmaa
Recently, we have applied an angular-spectrum based method, the thin-element decomposition (TED), to calculate SAW propagation in waveguide structures. However, the angular spectrum does not allow for reflections in the waveguide, which leads to discrepancies for long strips. This has lead us to use the Wigner-distribution function to describe the propagation of SAW in the paraxial limit. This approach leads to a ray-tracing type algorithm which is fast and easy to implement. We calculate wave propagation in a waveguide and compare the results to those given by the classical guided mode theory. We also discus the behaviour of Wigner distribution functions near sharp boundaries. We have also simulated expanding acoustic wavefronts produced by a point disturbance in a bulk. Due to elastic anisotropy of the solid, the energy flux associated with a plane wave is not collinear with the wave vector and, correspondingly, wave fronts (which correspond to the group-velocity surfaces) are not spherical.
{"title":"Acoustic wave propagation: 2D Wigner and 3D wavefront simulations","authors":"J. Salo, K. Bjorknas, J. Fagerholm, A. Friberg, M.M. Salmaa","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.662998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.662998","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, we have applied an angular-spectrum based method, the thin-element decomposition (TED), to calculate SAW propagation in waveguide structures. However, the angular spectrum does not allow for reflections in the waveguide, which leads to discrepancies for long strips. This has lead us to use the Wigner-distribution function to describe the propagation of SAW in the paraxial limit. This approach leads to a ray-tracing type algorithm which is fast and easy to implement. We calculate wave propagation in a waveguide and compare the results to those given by the classical guided mode theory. We also discus the behaviour of Wigner distribution functions near sharp boundaries. We have also simulated expanding acoustic wavefronts produced by a point disturbance in a bulk. Due to elastic anisotropy of the solid, the energy flux associated with a plane wave is not collinear with the wave vector and, correspondingly, wave fronts (which correspond to the group-velocity surfaces) are not spherical.","PeriodicalId":6369,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)","volume":"58-60 1","pages":"147-151 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77187200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.662978
T. Kojima, N. Kawai, H. Obara
We have developed the new equivalent four-port network of an N-pair of IDT for electric series connection of IDTs. From this equivalent circuit, we have derived the four-port transfer matrix, which is very useful for the analysis of the SAW devices using series connected IDTs. As a practically useful example, we have analyzed the one-port SAW resonator using connected IDTs. Finally, by numerical calculation, resonance characteristics of this type of resonators on LiNbO/sub 3/ (128/spl deg/ Y,X) are investigated.
{"title":"Equivalent four-port networks for series connected SAW-IDT and their application","authors":"T. Kojima, N. Kawai, H. Obara","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.662978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.662978","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed the new equivalent four-port network of an N-pair of IDT for electric series connection of IDTs. From this equivalent circuit, we have derived the four-port transfer matrix, which is very useful for the analysis of the SAW devices using series connected IDTs. As a practically useful example, we have analyzed the one-port SAW resonator using connected IDTs. Finally, by numerical calculation, resonance characteristics of this type of resonators on LiNbO/sub 3/ (128/spl deg/ Y,X) are investigated.","PeriodicalId":6369,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)","volume":"142 1","pages":"49-54 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77359059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663043
B. Jakoby, A. Venema, M. Vellekoop
Love wave sensors are highly sensitive microacoustic devices, which are well suited for liquid sensing applications. The successful utilization of Love wave devices thereby requires proper shielding to avoid unwanted electric interaction of the liquid with the wave and the transducers. In this contribution we describe the effects of this electric interaction and the proper design of a shield to prevent it. Analysis methods illustrating the impact of the interaction and providing rules for the optimized design of the proposed shield are presented. Finally we show experimental results for devices that have been fabricated according to these design rules.
{"title":"Design of Love wave sensor devices for the operation in liquid environments","authors":"B. Jakoby, A. Venema, M. Vellekoop","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663043","url":null,"abstract":"Love wave sensors are highly sensitive microacoustic devices, which are well suited for liquid sensing applications. The successful utilization of Love wave devices thereby requires proper shielding to avoid unwanted electric interaction of the liquid with the wave and the transducers. In this contribution we describe the effects of this electric interaction and the proper design of a shield to prevent it. Analysis methods illustrating the impact of the interaction and providing rules for the optimized design of the proposed shield are presented. Finally we show experimental results for devices that have been fabricated according to these design rules.","PeriodicalId":6369,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)","volume":"40 1","pages":"375-379 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88174034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663059
L. Zipser
The paper describes the development and design of fluidic-acoustic gas sensors, which can used in industry for in situ analysis of qualitatively known binary gas mixtures. The sensors are distinguished by high reliability, by immunity to extreme temperatures, contaminations or aggressive media and by high speed of response.
{"title":"Acoustic gas sensor for extreme process conditions","authors":"L. Zipser","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663059","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the development and design of fluidic-acoustic gas sensors, which can used in industry for in situ analysis of qualitatively known binary gas mixtures. The sensors are distinguished by high reliability, by immunity to extreme temperatures, contaminations or aggressive media and by high speed of response.","PeriodicalId":6369,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)","volume":"42 1","pages":"445-448 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88425537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.661801
M.E. Anderson
Conventional ultrasonic motion or flow velocity estimation is limited to the axial velocity component. I present a novel technique, called "spatial quadrature", for the simultaneous estimation of axial and lateral velocity components. This technique utilizes even and odd spatial weightings of the point spread function which have a quadrature relationship. These weightings produce modulation in the received echo which can be decoded to quantify lateral motion. This technique is conceptually related to both the multiple beam and spectral broadening paradigms for the estimation of the lateral velocity component. However, it also has unique characteristics which overcome some of the limitations of these previously described techniques. This estimator can be implemented for two-dimensional velocity estimation with a conventional transducer array and any medical ultrasound scanner, preferably one with parallel receive processing. The technique can also be extended to three-dimensional velocity estimation given an appropriate 2-D transducer and scanner. I present space and frequency domain descriptions of this estimator in the context of a brief overview of 2-D flow estimation methods, including analyses characterizing the performance envelope of this estimator. I also present the results of phantom studies using a clinical scanner which demonstrate this technique in two dimensions. I also discuss the application of this technique in CW and PW regimes.
{"title":"Spatial quadrature: a novel technique for multi-dimensional velocity estimation","authors":"M.E. Anderson","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.661801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.661801","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional ultrasonic motion or flow velocity estimation is limited to the axial velocity component. I present a novel technique, called \"spatial quadrature\", for the simultaneous estimation of axial and lateral velocity components. This technique utilizes even and odd spatial weightings of the point spread function which have a quadrature relationship. These weightings produce modulation in the received echo which can be decoded to quantify lateral motion. This technique is conceptually related to both the multiple beam and spectral broadening paradigms for the estimation of the lateral velocity component. However, it also has unique characteristics which overcome some of the limitations of these previously described techniques. This estimator can be implemented for two-dimensional velocity estimation with a conventional transducer array and any medical ultrasound scanner, preferably one with parallel receive processing. The technique can also be extended to three-dimensional velocity estimation given an appropriate 2-D transducer and scanner. I present space and frequency domain descriptions of this estimator in the context of a brief overview of 2-D flow estimation methods, including analyses characterizing the performance envelope of this estimator. I also present the results of phantom studies using a clinical scanner which demonstrate this technique in two dimensions. I also discuss the application of this technique in CW and PW regimes.","PeriodicalId":6369,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)","volume":"3 1","pages":"1233-1238 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88678330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663082
P. Poosanaas, A. Dogan, S. Thakoor, K. Uchino
The ferroelectric materials with high photovoltaic properties are of interest for the new optical devices such as photostrictive ceramic actuators. In pursuit of these high performance photostrictive materials, the present research examines the influence of sample thickness and surface roughness on photostriction of WO/sub 3/ doped PLZT ceramics. A model for the calculation of optimum sample thickness having maximum photostrictive response is proposed. This model agrees well with the experimental results, and it will help in designing the photostrictive devices.
{"title":"Dependence of photostriction on sample thickness and surface roughness for PLZT ceramics","authors":"P. Poosanaas, A. Dogan, S. Thakoor, K. Uchino","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.663082","url":null,"abstract":"The ferroelectric materials with high photovoltaic properties are of interest for the new optical devices such as photostrictive ceramic actuators. In pursuit of these high performance photostrictive materials, the present research examines the influence of sample thickness and surface roughness on photostriction of WO/sub 3/ doped PLZT ceramics. A model for the calculation of optimum sample thickness having maximum photostrictive response is proposed. This model agrees well with the experimental results, and it will help in designing the photostrictive devices.","PeriodicalId":6369,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)","volume":"9 1","pages":"553-556 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87436140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.661790
E. Y. Hwang, J. Fowlkes, D. Sirkin, P. Carson
An ultrasound system has been developed to generate contrast microbubbles in vivo. Possible uses include diagnosis of reflux in the urinary tract. In vivo and in vitro experiments were designed to elucidate the microbubble generation process using 1.8 MHz acoustic bursts at 125 ms. In in vivo experiments on rabbits, the peak rarefactional pressure threshold for contrast generation, as visualized with a diagnostic ultrasound system, decreased with increasing pCO/sub 2/. For the in vitro aqueous studies the threshold decreased almost a factor of two for increasing particle concentration (0.2 /spl mu/m dia. polystyrene) from 10/sup 8/ to 10/sup 10/ particles/cc. The thresholds were at least twice as high for more saturated fluids, and CO/sub 2/ samples had considerably lower thresholds than respective under-saturations in air. At a fixed pressure amplitude, echogenicity tended to increase with both increasing particle and gas content; this was more pronounced for samples containing CO/sub 2/. Even in a restricted-nuclei environment such as the human urinary bladder, generation of vaporous cavitation should be possible; however subsequently, abundant gas is needed to grow vaporous bubbles to persistent and imageable sizes, to assist in the diagnosis of urinary reflux.
{"title":"Variables controlling ultrasound contrast generation in the urinary bladder: a urinary reflux diagnosis","authors":"E. Y. Hwang, J. Fowlkes, D. Sirkin, P. Carson","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.661790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.661790","url":null,"abstract":"An ultrasound system has been developed to generate contrast microbubbles in vivo. Possible uses include diagnosis of reflux in the urinary tract. In vivo and in vitro experiments were designed to elucidate the microbubble generation process using 1.8 MHz acoustic bursts at 125 ms. In in vivo experiments on rabbits, the peak rarefactional pressure threshold for contrast generation, as visualized with a diagnostic ultrasound system, decreased with increasing pCO/sub 2/. For the in vitro aqueous studies the threshold decreased almost a factor of two for increasing particle concentration (0.2 /spl mu/m dia. polystyrene) from 10/sup 8/ to 10/sup 10/ particles/cc. The thresholds were at least twice as high for more saturated fluids, and CO/sub 2/ samples had considerably lower thresholds than respective under-saturations in air. At a fixed pressure amplitude, echogenicity tended to increase with both increasing particle and gas content; this was more pronounced for samples containing CO/sub 2/. Even in a restricted-nuclei environment such as the human urinary bladder, generation of vaporous cavitation should be possible; however subsequently, abundant gas is needed to grow vaporous bubbles to persistent and imageable sizes, to assist in the diagnosis of urinary reflux.","PeriodicalId":6369,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)","volume":"56 1","pages":"1185-1188 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82536348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-05DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.661825
S. Umemura, K. Kawabata, K. Sasaki
The authors' recent in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that sonodynamically active cavitation was induced at low ultrasonic intensity in the presence of a certain chemical agent especially when the second harmonic was superimposed onto the fundamental. Chemical agents such as xanthene derivatives were found to be extremely effective. It has also been reported that microbubble contrast agents such as Albunex can enhance in vivo as well as in vitro cavitation. The effects of Albunex and erythrosin on the intensity threshold for cavitationally producing focal damage in murine liver tissue are compared and examined in a progressive wave mode. Albunex reduced the intensity threshold by orders of magnitude even in the case of single frequency insonation. Second-harmonic superimposition (SHS) did not significantly change the threshold with Albunex. Erythrosin and its derivative were quite effective to reduced the intensity threshold especially in combination with SHS at the second-harmonic phase emphasizing the peak rarefaction. The observed difference between the effects of Albunex and erythrosin in combination with SHS is consistent with the hypothesis that SHS enhances cavitational effects through accelerating the growth of microbubbles rather than their collapse.
{"title":"Comparison between xanthene and Albunex on producing sonodynamic tissue damage","authors":"S. Umemura, K. Kawabata, K. Sasaki","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.661825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1997.661825","url":null,"abstract":"The authors' recent in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that sonodynamically active cavitation was induced at low ultrasonic intensity in the presence of a certain chemical agent especially when the second harmonic was superimposed onto the fundamental. Chemical agents such as xanthene derivatives were found to be extremely effective. It has also been reported that microbubble contrast agents such as Albunex can enhance in vivo as well as in vitro cavitation. The effects of Albunex and erythrosin on the intensity threshold for cavitationally producing focal damage in murine liver tissue are compared and examined in a progressive wave mode. Albunex reduced the intensity threshold by orders of magnitude even in the case of single frequency insonation. Second-harmonic superimposition (SHS) did not significantly change the threshold with Albunex. Erythrosin and its derivative were quite effective to reduced the intensity threshold especially in combination with SHS at the second-harmonic phase emphasizing the peak rarefaction. The observed difference between the effects of Albunex and erythrosin in combination with SHS is consistent with the hypothesis that SHS enhances cavitational effects through accelerating the growth of microbubbles rather than their collapse.","PeriodicalId":6369,"journal":{"name":"1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)","volume":"179 1","pages":"1345-1348 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83002250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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