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1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)最新文献

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Proximity sensors utilizing an evanescent acoustic field formed by flexural plate waves 利用由弯曲板波形成的倏逝声场的接近传感器
S. Hongo, I. Naliamura, N. Hosokawa
A proximity sensor utilizing an evanescent acoustic field formed by flexural plate waves is proposed. When an object comes into the evanescent field, the acoustic radiation admittance of the bending vibrator may change. Hence, the proximity sensing can be achieved by measuring the electrical admittance of the piezoelectric flexural vibrator. To confirm the characteristics of the proximity sensor, some experiments were carried out using a flexural vibrator consisting of a 140/spl deg/ rotated Y-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ plate with a polarization-inverted layer. When an object was approached to the major surface of the vibrator, the admittance at a resonance of the bending vibrator decreased drastically according as the distance d between the object and the vibrator became short. On the other hand, when the object was approached to the tip of the vibrator, the Q-factor decreased in the range d>0.2 mm but increased again unexpectedly in the range d<0.2 mm.
提出了一种利用弯曲板波形成的倏逝声场的接近传感器。当物体进入倏逝场时,弯曲振动器的声辐射导纳会发生变化。因此,可以通过测量压电弯曲振动器的导纳来实现接近感测。为了验证该接近传感器的特性,利用140/spl度/旋转y形切割LiNbO/ sub3 /板和极化反转层组成的弯曲振动器进行了实验。当物体接近振动器主表面时,弯曲振动器的共振导纳随着物体与振动器距离的缩短而急剧减小。另一方面,当物体接近振动器尖端时,q因子在d>0.2 mm范围内下降,但在d<0.2 mm范围内又意外增加。
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引用次数: 2
Sol-gel fabricated thick piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers for potential applications in industrial material processes 溶胶-凝胶制备的厚压电超声换能器在工业材料加工中的潜在应用
L. Zou, M. Sayer, C. Jen
Sol-gel fabricated thick film broadband piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (UTs) operating at a frequency below 10 MHz are presented. The UTs are formed using thick PZT and LiNbO/sub 3/ films which are ceramic-ceramic composites formed by dispersing PZT and LiNbO/sub 3/ particles in a PZT and LiNbO/sub 3/ sol-gel solution, respectively. Films are directly deposited on stainless steel substrates. Excellent broadband signals have been experimentally obtained with piezoelectric PZT and LiNbO/sub 3/ films with 1 cm diameter and a thickness between 40-50 /spl mu/m.
提出了一种工作频率低于10mhz的厚膜宽带压电超声换能器。在PZT和LiNbO/sub - 3/溶胶-凝胶溶液中分别分散PZT和LiNbO/sub - 3/颗粒形成的陶瓷复合材料厚PZT和LiNbO/sub - 3/薄膜。薄膜直接沉积在不锈钢基板上。用直径为1 cm、厚度为40-50 /spl mu/m的压电PZT和LiNbO/ sub3 /薄膜实验获得了良好的宽带信号。
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引用次数: 16
SPUDT-based tunable resonant coupling of different acoustic channels 基于spudd的不同声道可调谐谐振耦合
B. Sveshnikov, A. Shitvov
Resonant coupling between two non-waveguide acoustic channels is considered and analyzed in detail. A pair of electrically parallel, while placed in different channels, single-phase unidirectional transducers, loaded by matching inductance, may be used in order to fold the SAW propagation path. Such a possibility provides the additional degree of freedom in the design of SAW filters, being applicable even to weak piezocrystal cuts. Some device architectures are examined to demonstrate possible significant improvement of filter selectivity. It's shown that this aim may be achieved even when using unweighted SPUDTs by proper combinations of reflectivity and lengths of transducers and reflectors placed within each a channel. Influence of re-radiator's load on the filter performances is illustrated too.
对两个非波导声通道之间的共振耦合进行了详细的研究和分析。一对电并联的单相单向换能器,放置在不同的通道中,通过匹配电感加载,可以用来折叠声表面波的传播路径。这种可能性为SAW滤波器的设计提供了额外的自由度,甚至适用于弱压晶切割。一些器件架构进行了检查,以证明可能显著改善滤波器的选择性。结果表明,即使使用未加权的spudt,通过适当组合反射率和放置在每个通道内的换能器和反射器的长度,也可以实现这一目标。分析了再散热器负荷对滤波器性能的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluation of keratoprosthesis biointegration in situ with quantitative ultrasound backscatter microscopy 定量超声后向散射显微镜评价角膜假体原位生物整合
A. Saied, B. Dehecq, M. Savoldelli, B. Briat, J. Legeais, G. Berger
In a previous preliminary study the authors have shown that 50 MHz ultrasound microscope coupled with the spectral analysis of radio frequency signal enable the imaging and evaluation of the biointegration of polymer implants used as support of keratoprosthesis (artificial cornea). In particular, the authors have demonstrated that the level of apparent backscatter was sensitive to the change in the polymer pore content (fluid or cells). In the current study, a larger number of polymer implants (n=21) at different colonization stages were explored in vitro and the authors investigated the potential of the frequency variation of both ultrasonic backscatter and attenuation coefficients to control and assess in situ the progressive biocolonization of the material. Quantitative echographic findings were correlated to histologic data which established the cell density in each specimen.
在之前的初步研究中,作者已经表明,50 MHz超声显微镜与射频信号的频谱分析相结合,可以成像和评估用作人工角膜支撑的聚合物植入物的生物整合性。特别是,作者已经证明,表观后向散射水平对聚合物孔隙含量(流体或细胞)的变化很敏感。在目前的研究中,研究人员在体外探索了大量不同定植阶段的聚合物植入物(n=21),并研究了超声后向散射和衰减系数的频率变化潜力,以控制和评估材料的生物定植进展。定量超声结果与组织学数据相关联,确定了每个标本的细胞密度。
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引用次数: 0
Resonant second-harmonic generation accompanying nonlinear Love-wave propagation in an isotropic waveguide 在各向同性波导中伴随非线性love波传播的共振二次谐波产生
D. Xi
In this article we have studied resonant second-harmonic generation accompanying nonlinear Love-wave propagation in an isotropic waveguide consisting of a solid layer and a semi-infinite solid. Generally, the amplitude of the second harmonic arising from the self-interaction of shear wave is independent of propagation distance, i.e., there is no effect of cumulative growth. However, for Love-wave propagation case, there are two shear partial waves in the solid layer deposited on the semi-infinite solid, and the cross-interaction between two shear waves may cause the "resonance" of the driving second harmonic once the phase velocity of the Love-wave equals the longitudinal velocity of the solid layer. Through second-harmonic boundary conditions and initial conditions of excitation, we formally obtain the analytical expressions for the case of resonant second-harmonic generation. The present analysis yields clearly physical insight into the process of resonant second-harmonic generation accompanying nonlinear Love-wave propagation not previously available.
本文研究了由固体层和半无限固体层组成的各向同性波导中非线性Love-wave传播的谐振二次谐波的产生。一般情况下,横波自相互作用产生的二次谐波振幅与传播距离无关,即不存在累积增长的影响。然而,对于Love-wave传播情况,在半无限固体上沉积的固体层中存在两个剪切分波,当Love-wave的相速度等于固体层的纵速时,两个剪切分波之间的相互作用可能引起驱动次谐波的“共振”。通过二次谐波边界条件和激励的初始条件,我们正式得到了谐振二次谐波产生的解析表达式。目前的分析对伴随非线性Love-wave传播的共振二次谐波产生过程提供了清晰的物理见解。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of abdominal wall morphology on ultrasonic pulse distortion 腹壁形态对超声脉冲畸变的影响
L. M. Hinkelman, T. Mast, M. J. Orr, R. Waag
Wavefront propagation through the abdominal wall was investigated by measurements employing full-thickness specimens and their individual fat and muscle layers. These measurements confirm that both fat and muscle produce significant wavefront distortion and focus degradation. However, the spatial characteristics of the distortion produced by fat and muscle differ, and the total distortion produced by the abdominal wall is not the arithmetic sum of that produced by the individual layers. The interface between the muscle and subcutaneous fat layers, which consists of a thin layer of connective tissue, was found to be smooth or slightly curved. Distortion produced by different tissues was further characterized by simulations using a finite-difference time-domain implementation of the linearized wave propagation equations for a lossless inhomogeneous fluid. Scanned images of six human abdominal wall cross sections provided the data for the propagation media in the simulation. The images were mapped into regions of fat, muscle, and connective tissue, each of which was assigned a uniform sound speed and density obtained from literature values. The computed wavefronts contained arrival time, energy level, and wave shape distortion similar to that in measurements. Visualization of wave propagation within the tissue cross sections suggests that most arrival time distortion is produced by acoustic path length differences while amplitude and waveform variations are the result of scattering from inhomogeneities. Many arrival time fluctuation and energy level fluctuation features could be traced to specific anatomical structures. These results indicate that wavefront distortion, apart from bulk attenuation effects, is primarily caused by tissue structures and inhomogeneities rather than refraction at layer interfaces.
波前通过腹壁的传播通过测量采用全层标本和他们的个人脂肪和肌肉层。这些测量结果证实,脂肪和肌肉都会产生显著的波前畸变和焦点退化。然而,脂肪和肌肉产生的变形的空间特征不同,腹壁产生的总变形并不是各层产生的变形的算术和。肌肉和皮下脂肪层之间的界面,由一层薄薄的结缔组织组成,被发现是光滑的或轻微弯曲的。利用线性化波传播方程的时域有限差分实现对无损非均匀流体进行模拟,进一步表征了不同组织产生的畸变。六个人体腹壁横切面的扫描图像为模拟中的传播介质提供了数据。图像被映射到脂肪、肌肉和结缔组织的区域,每个区域被分配一个统一的声速和密度,这是由文献值得出的。计算得到的波前包含与测量结果相似的到达时间、能级和波形畸变。波在组织截面内传播的可视化表明,大多数到达时间畸变是由声路径长度差异产生的,而振幅和波形变化是由非均匀性散射造成的。许多到达时间波动和能级波动特征可以追溯到特定的解剖结构。这些结果表明,除了体衰减效应外,波前畸变主要是由组织结构和不均匀性引起的,而不是由层界面处的折射引起的。
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引用次数: 28
Thermal generation, diffusion and dissipation in 1-3 piezocomposite sonar transducers: finite element analysis and experimental measurements 1-3个压电复合声纳换能器的热产生、扩散和耗散:有限元分析和实验测量
N. Abboud, J. Mould, G. Wojcik, D. Vaughan, D. Powell, V. Murray, C. Maclean
Thermal management is an important consideration in ultrasound transducer design. It arises in satisfying regulatory and safety requirements in diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound, as well as in sustaining performance in high power applications such as underwater sonar. A finite element modeling approach was developed to aid in the analysis of this coupled electro-mechanical-thermal problem. The finite element model tracks the damping losses in the electromechanical portion of the problem and converts the lost energy into a thermal dose which constitutes the "input" to the thermal portion of the problem. The resultant temperature spatial and temporal distribution is then solved for. This modeling approach was used to study several 1-3 piezocomposite high power transducers for which experimental data was available. Previous experimental evaluation has demonstrated that these devices can suffer from a degradation in performance due to significant temperature rises at power levels of approximately 2 W/cm/sup 2/ for continuous operation, whereas they can operate efficiently at power levels greater than 20 W/cm/sup 2/ when the duty cycle is reduced below 10%. A detailed thermal analysis of these transducers with respect to efficiency of the thermal dissipation within them is required with a view to understanding and consequently improving the high drive performance of these devices. The goal of this preliminary study is to evaluate the modeling approach and identify key parameters to which the solution is sensitive. Parameters so identified, be they material constants or modeling approaches, will be subject to more complete characterization in follow-up studies aimed at quantitative validation of computational modeling of thermal management in ultrasonic applications.
热管理是超声换能器设计中的重要考虑因素。它出现在满足诊断和治疗超声的监管和安全要求,以及在高功率应用(如水下声纳)中保持性能。提出了一种有限元建模方法来帮助分析这一机电热耦合问题。有限元模型跟踪问题机电部分的阻尼损失,并将损失的能量转换为热剂量,热剂量构成了问题热部分的“输入”。然后求出所得温度的时空分布。该建模方法用于研究几种具有实验数据的1-3压电复合材料高功率换能器。先前的实验评估表明,这些设备在持续工作时,在大约2 W/cm/sup 2/的功率水平下,由于显著的温度上升,性能可能会下降,而当占空比降低到10%以下时,它们可以在大于20 W/cm/sup 2/的功率水平下有效地工作。需要对这些换能器内部的散热效率进行详细的热分析,以便理解并因此提高这些器件的高驱动性能。这项初步研究的目的是评估建模方法,并确定解决方案敏感的关键参数。这样确定的参数,无论是材料常数还是建模方法,都将在后续研究中进行更完整的表征,旨在定量验证超声波应用中热管理的计算建模。
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引用次数: 22
An efficient method of including electrode interactions in the Green's function model for SAW interdigital transducers 一种有效的方法,包括电极的相互作用,在绿色的函数模型,为SAW数字间换能器
W. Liu, P.M. Smith
Electrode interactions are a major cause of in-band ripples in SAW filters. In the past, the effect of these interactions has been modeled on devices with periodic electrodes either with the aid of Coupling of Modes (COM) theory, or by adopting the quasi-static Green's function method. In this paper, we extend the quasi-static Green's function to include electro-acoustic regeneration in transducers with non-periodic electrodes. The simulation of a dispersive delay line is given as an example.
电极相互作用是声表面波滤波器带内波纹的主要原因。在过去,这些相互作用的影响要么借助于模式耦合(COM)理论,要么采用准静态格林函数方法,在具有周期电极的器件上进行建模。本文将准静态格林函数扩展到包含非周期电极换能器的电声再生。以色散延迟线为例进行了仿真。
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引用次数: 0
Automatic design procedure using circuit composition technique for SAW devices 使用电路组成技术的SAW器件自动设计程序
T. Shiba, Y. Fujita, N. Kamogawa, N. Hosaka, S. Ogawa, K. Oda, M. Hikita
A fully comprehensive electrical admittance matrix composition technique including the effects of residual electrical elements (capacitance, inductance and resistance) will be reported corresponding the various kind of the devices. An automatic design technique based on the optimization method is applied using the above composition routine. The automatic design procedure determines the parameters for SAW Filter elements and the external circuit element. It is possible that the procedure perform using measured admittance matrix elements. In order to verify the technique dual band filters and duplexers for digital mobile terminals were designed using the above procedure. The performance of these devices was found to be in good agreement with the design predictions.
本文将报道一种全面的电导纳矩阵组成技术,包括与各种器件相对应的剩余电元件(电容、电感和电阻)的影响。利用上述组合程序,应用了基于优化方法的自动设计技术。自动设计程序确定SAW滤波器元件和外部电路元件的参数。这是可能的程序执行使用测量导纳矩阵元素。为了验证该方法的有效性,设计了用于数字移动终端的双带滤波器和双工器。发现这些器件的性能与设计预测很好地一致。
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引用次数: 4
Pulse inversion Doppler: a new method for detecting nonlinear echoes from microbubble contrast agents 脉冲逆多普勒:一种检测微泡造影剂非线性回波的新方法
D. Simpson, P. Burns
A novel technique for the selective detection of ultrasound contrast agents, called pulse inversion Doppler, has been developed. In this technique, a conventional Doppler pulse sequence is modified by inverting every second transmit pulse. Either conventional or harmonic Doppler processing is then performed on the received echoes. In the resulting Doppler spectra, Doppler shifts from linear and nonlinear scattering are separated into two distinct regions which can be analyzed separately or combined to estimate the ratio of nonlinear to linear scattering from a region of tissue. The maximum Doppler shift which can be detected is 1/2 the normal Nyquist limit. In vitro measurements comparing flowing agent and cellulose particles suggest that pulse inversion Doppler can provide 3 to 10 dB more agent to tissue contrast than harmonic imaging with similar pulses. Similar measurements suggest that broadband pulse inversion Doppler can provide up to 16 dB more contrast than broadband conventional Doppler.
一种用于超声造影剂选择性检测的新技术,称为脉冲反转多普勒,已经发展起来。在这种技术中,传统的多普勒脉冲序列通过反转每秒钟发射脉冲来修改。然后对接收到的回波进行常规或谐波多普勒处理。在得到的多普勒光谱中,线性和非线性散射的多普勒频移被分成两个不同的区域,可以单独分析或组合分析,以估计组织区域的非线性和线性散射的比率。可以检测到的最大多普勒频移是正常奈奎斯特极限的1/2。对比流动剂和纤维素颗粒的体外测量表明,脉冲反转多普勒成像比相似脉冲的谐波成像能多提供3 ~ 10 dB的组织造影剂。类似的测量表明,宽带脉冲反转多普勒比宽带常规多普勒提供高达16 dB的对比度。
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引用次数: 207
期刊
1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. An International Symposium (Cat. No.97CH36118)
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