Pub Date : 2004-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329145
Francisco Tejada, A. Andreou, J. Miragliotta, R. Osiander, D. Wesolek
The performance of microelectromechanical sensor systems relies critically on the transduction method employed to convert the mechanical displacement into an electrical signal. Optical readout techniques have distinct advantages over more traditional capacitive and piezoelectricity transduction methods. They are employed in applications where atomic resolution with a small sensing area is necessary, for example, scanning probe microscopes. In this paper, we present two architectures for optoelectronic sensing based on silicon on sapphire CMOS (SOS-CMOS) technology. We show how to heterogeneously integrate photodetectors, analog CMOS signal processing circuits, and VCSELs for an array based optical readout system. The optical transparency of the sapphire substrate allows for the design of both Michelson and Fabry-Perot type interferometers that are amenable to 2D array sensing. We present preliminary experimental data demonstrating standing wave detection in the 100 nm thin silicon PIN photodiodes available in the SOS-CMOS technology for the Fabry-Perot interferometer.
{"title":"Silicon on sapphire CMOS architectures for interferometric array readout","authors":"Francisco Tejada, A. Andreou, J. Miragliotta, R. Osiander, D. Wesolek","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329145","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of microelectromechanical sensor systems relies critically on the transduction method employed to convert the mechanical displacement into an electrical signal. Optical readout techniques have distinct advantages over more traditional capacitive and piezoelectricity transduction methods. They are employed in applications where atomic resolution with a small sensing area is necessary, for example, scanning probe microscopes. In this paper, we present two architectures for optoelectronic sensing based on silicon on sapphire CMOS (SOS-CMOS) technology. We show how to heterogeneously integrate photodetectors, analog CMOS signal processing circuits, and VCSELs for an array based optical readout system. The optical transparency of the sapphire substrate allows for the design of both Michelson and Fabry-Perot type interferometers that are amenable to 2D array sensing. We present preliminary experimental data demonstrating standing wave detection in the 100 nm thin silicon PIN photodiodes available in the SOS-CMOS technology for the Fabry-Perot interferometer.","PeriodicalId":6445,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"IV-880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78411682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328245
A. Petraglia, J. M. Cañive, M. R. Petraglia
A methodology for testing switched-capacitor filters implemented by the parallel connection of structurally allpass sections is presented. The proposed approach enables multiple fault detection and accurate estimation of the actually implemented parameter values. The technique is applied to a lowpass fifth-order elliptic filter designed on a standard double-poly, double-metal 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, satisfying typical specifications for video communication applications. In this case the relative area needed for testing is only 8% of the total filter area, and it decreases as the filter order increases.
{"title":"Accurate fault detection in switched-capacitor filters using structurally allpass building blocks","authors":"A. Petraglia, J. M. Cañive, M. R. Petraglia","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328245","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology for testing switched-capacitor filters implemented by the parallel connection of structurally allpass sections is presented. The proposed approach enables multiple fault detection and accurate estimation of the actually implemented parameter values. The technique is applied to a lowpass fifth-order elliptic filter designed on a standard double-poly, double-metal 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, satisfying typical specifications for video communication applications. In this case the relative area needed for testing is only 8% of the total filter area, and it decreases as the filter order increases.","PeriodicalId":6445,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)","volume":"58 1","pages":"I-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75493026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328813
A. H. ghadam, D. Babic, V. Lehtinen, M. Renfors
Interpolation filters are used to interpolate new sample values at arbitrary points between existing discrete-time samples. An interesting class of such filters is polynomial-based interpolation filter. These filters can be efficiently implemented using the Farrow structure and its modifications. Traditionally, the polynomial based interpolation filters have been implemented by using Farrow structure with finite impulse response (FIR) subfilters of even length. This paper presents the modification of the Farrow structure, which can have FIR subfilters of odd length. Applying the proposed modification of this paper will result in a natural implementation form for even order Lagrange and spline based interpolators. The obtained results provides more freedom in designing Farrow structure based filters, as structures with odd and even length FIR subfilters may be equally applied. These results are extended to a modified Farrow structure case as well, in which the number of multipliers is nearly halved.
{"title":"Implementation of Farrow structure based interpolators with subfilters of odd length","authors":"A. H. ghadam, D. Babic, V. Lehtinen, M. Renfors","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328813","url":null,"abstract":"Interpolation filters are used to interpolate new sample values at arbitrary points between existing discrete-time samples. An interesting class of such filters is polynomial-based interpolation filter. These filters can be efficiently implemented using the Farrow structure and its modifications. Traditionally, the polynomial based interpolation filters have been implemented by using Farrow structure with finite impulse response (FIR) subfilters of even length. This paper presents the modification of the Farrow structure, which can have FIR subfilters of odd length. Applying the proposed modification of this paper will result in a natural implementation form for even order Lagrange and spline based interpolators. The obtained results provides more freedom in designing Farrow structure based filters, as structures with odd and even length FIR subfilters may be equally applied. These results are extended to a modified Farrow structure case as well, in which the number of multipliers is nearly halved.","PeriodicalId":6445,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)","volume":"48 1","pages":"III-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85348770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328752
Shaoping Chen, Tianren Yao
Time variations of doubly-selective channels lead to the loss of orthogonality among subcarriers, resulting in inter-carrier interference (ICI) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Many schemes have been proposed to suppress ICI, but they are computationally complex or at the price of sacrificing bandwidth. In this paper, we provide an ICI analysis in time domain while existing literatures analyze the ICI effects mainly in frequency domain. Basing on this analysis, we propose a time-domain ICI mitigation method whose complexity is linear in the OFDM symbol length. The method does not reduce any redundancy, and thus has high bandwidth efficiency. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed method can effectively mitigate ICI with low complexity.
{"title":"An inter-carrier interference suppression scheme for OFDM systems in time-varying fading channels","authors":"Shaoping Chen, Tianren Yao","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328752","url":null,"abstract":"Time variations of doubly-selective channels lead to the loss of orthogonality among subcarriers, resulting in inter-carrier interference (ICI) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Many schemes have been proposed to suppress ICI, but they are computationally complex or at the price of sacrificing bandwidth. In this paper, we provide an ICI analysis in time domain while existing literatures analyze the ICI effects mainly in frequency domain. Basing on this analysis, we propose a time-domain ICI mitigation method whose complexity is linear in the OFDM symbol length. The method does not reduce any redundancy, and thus has high bandwidth efficiency. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed method can effectively mitigate ICI with low complexity.","PeriodicalId":6445,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)","volume":"139 1","pages":"III-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73788102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328338
A. Tasic, W. Serdijn, J. Long
Rather delicate, distribution of the system specifications to the individual receiver blocks has not gained any exactness for the last decades. When distributing the system specifications to each of the blocks in receive chain, it is rather common practice to consider each performance parameter separately. However, as both the noise and the linearity performance depend on the gain of the corresponding circuit blocks, the noise figure (NF) and the third order intercept point (IP3) optimization procedure are not mutually exclusive. Therefore, a procedure for the optimal allocation of the performance parameters to the individual RF front-end circuit blocks is introduced in this paper. Optimizing the system performance with respect to the ratio NF/IP3/sup 2/, the maximum dynamic range design point can be found, satisfying both the noise and the linearity requirements.
{"title":"Optimal distribution of the RF front-end system specifications to the RF front-end circuit blocks","authors":"A. Tasic, W. Serdijn, J. Long","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1328338","url":null,"abstract":"Rather delicate, distribution of the system specifications to the individual receiver blocks has not gained any exactness for the last decades. When distributing the system specifications to each of the blocks in receive chain, it is rather common practice to consider each performance parameter separately. However, as both the noise and the linearity performance depend on the gain of the corresponding circuit blocks, the noise figure (NF) and the third order intercept point (IP3) optimization procedure are not mutually exclusive. Therefore, a procedure for the optimal allocation of the performance parameters to the individual RF front-end circuit blocks is introduced in this paper. Optimizing the system performance with respect to the ratio NF/IP3/sup 2/, the maximum dynamic range design point can be found, satisfying both the noise and the linearity requirements.","PeriodicalId":6445,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)","volume":"2 1","pages":"I-889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73993495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329104
Z. Galias
In this work we describe a method to find, for a continuous system, all the low-period cycles embedded within a numerically observed attractor. As an example of the application of this technique, we construct the trapping region for the Roessler system and find all periodic orbits of the associated Poincare map up to period 11.
{"title":"Towards full characterization of continuous systems in terms of periodic orbits","authors":"Z. Galias","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329104","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we describe a method to find, for a continuous system, all the low-period cycles embedded within a numerically observed attractor. As an example of the application of this technique, we construct the trapping region for the Roessler system and find all periodic orbits of the associated Poincare map up to period 11.","PeriodicalId":6445,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)","volume":"24 1","pages":"IV-716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74016327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329700
M. Mansour, A. Mehrotra, W. Walker, A. Narayan
Accurate analysis techniques for estimating the periodic steady-state solution of MOS LC oscillators using short-channel device equations are presented. These techniques allow us to make quantitative estimates of the oscillator steady-state performance without the need for time-consuming transient simulations using simulators such as SPICE. Further, our engineering techniques provide insight and quantitative understanding on the design of current-day, deep-submicron MOS LC oscillators and serve as a starting point in a design methodology that includes complete phase noise/timing jitter analysis and optimization. Our analytical results for a cross-coupled LC oscillator that was previously fabricated and tested are in good agreement with SPICE simulations.
{"title":"Analysis techniques for obtaining the steady-state solution of MOS LC oscillators","authors":"M. Mansour, A. Mehrotra, W. Walker, A. Narayan","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329700","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate analysis techniques for estimating the periodic steady-state solution of MOS LC oscillators using short-channel device equations are presented. These techniques allow us to make quantitative estimates of the oscillator steady-state performance without the need for time-consuming transient simulations using simulators such as SPICE. Further, our engineering techniques provide insight and quantitative understanding on the design of current-day, deep-submicron MOS LC oscillators and serve as a starting point in a design methodology that includes complete phase noise/timing jitter analysis and optimization. Our analytical results for a cross-coupled LC oscillator that was previously fabricated and tested are in good agreement with SPICE simulations.","PeriodicalId":6445,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)","volume":"34 1","pages":"V-V"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74067542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329086
J. Aikio, T. Rahkonen
This paper presents a fitting technique for polynomial 2-dimensional nonlinearity, based on voltage current spectra. It will be shown that despite the strongly correlating controlling voltages, the nonlinear 2-dimensional drain-source current (I/sub DS/) of the 30 W RF power transistor model can be fitted. Furthermore, a simplified Volterra presentation of the 3rd order intermodulation distortion (IM3) contributors of I-V and Q-V sources can be constructed. The results match well with the data simulated using harmonic balance. Also IM3 phasors of the input and output of the device are presented. The analysis shows that the total output IM3 current is dominated by the distortion from I/sub DS/. Also a significant portion of the IM3 current is caused by the fact that output IM3 voltage appears across linear but large drain-source capacitance (C/sub DS/).
{"title":"Fitting of 2-dimensional polynomial device model based on simulated voltage and current spectra","authors":"J. Aikio, T. Rahkonen","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329086","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fitting technique for polynomial 2-dimensional nonlinearity, based on voltage current spectra. It will be shown that despite the strongly correlating controlling voltages, the nonlinear 2-dimensional drain-source current (I/sub DS/) of the 30 W RF power transistor model can be fitted. Furthermore, a simplified Volterra presentation of the 3rd order intermodulation distortion (IM3) contributors of I-V and Q-V sources can be constructed. The results match well with the data simulated using harmonic balance. Also IM3 phasors of the input and output of the device are presented. The analysis shows that the total output IM3 current is dominated by the distortion from I/sub DS/. Also a significant portion of the IM3 current is caused by the fact that output IM3 voltage appears across linear but large drain-source capacitance (C/sub DS/).","PeriodicalId":6445,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)","volume":"416 1","pages":"IV-IV"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74126676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329725
Dahua Xie, C.-C. Jay Kuo
Efficient multimedia encryption algorithms play a key role in multimedia security protection. One algorithm known as the MHT (multiple Huffman tables) method was recently developed by Wu and Kuo (2001; 2000). Although MHT has many desirable advantages, it is vulnerable under the chosen-plaintext attack (CPA). In this work, an enhanced MHT encryption scheme is proposed to remedy this drawback using the idea of key hopping. It is demonstrated by mathematical analysis that our proposed scheme is secure against chosen plaintext attack.
{"title":"Enhanced multiple Huffman table (MHT) encryption scheme using key hopping","authors":"Dahua Xie, C.-C. Jay Kuo","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329725","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient multimedia encryption algorithms play a key role in multimedia security protection. One algorithm known as the MHT (multiple Huffman tables) method was recently developed by Wu and Kuo (2001; 2000). Although MHT has many desirable advantages, it is vulnerable under the chosen-plaintext attack (CPA). In this work, an enhanced MHT encryption scheme is proposed to remedy this drawback using the idea of key hopping. It is demonstrated by mathematical analysis that our proposed scheme is secure against chosen plaintext attack.","PeriodicalId":6445,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)","volume":"32 1","pages":"V-V"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75505379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-23DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329710
Danilo B. Graziosi, C. N. D. Santos, S. L. Netto, L. Biscainho
This paper introduces a new transform intended for audio processing. The proposed transform exhibits two interesting features in the frequency domain, namely: a constant-Q characteristic and a steep response for each output channel. Constant-Q implies that the spectral description of the transformed signal is performed along a log-like scale, as opposed to the linear scale of standard transforms, such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The consequent variable resolution makes the new transform especially suited for the analysis of musical audio signals. The improved frequency response, as compared also to the DFT, is achieved by its implementation as a bank of very selective filters based on the frequency-response masking (FRM) approach. Such selectivity results in higher isolation between adjacent channels of the overall transform. Application of the new transform to the analysis of musical signals is illustrated through a computer experiment.
{"title":"A constant-Q spectral transformation with improved frequency response","authors":"Danilo B. Graziosi, C. N. D. Santos, S. L. Netto, L. Biscainho","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2004.1329710","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new transform intended for audio processing. The proposed transform exhibits two interesting features in the frequency domain, namely: a constant-Q characteristic and a steep response for each output channel. Constant-Q implies that the spectral description of the transformed signal is performed along a log-like scale, as opposed to the linear scale of standard transforms, such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The consequent variable resolution makes the new transform especially suited for the analysis of musical audio signals. The improved frequency response, as compared also to the DFT, is achieved by its implementation as a bank of very selective filters based on the frequency-response masking (FRM) approach. Such selectivity results in higher isolation between adjacent channels of the overall transform. Application of the new transform to the analysis of musical signals is illustrated through a computer experiment.","PeriodicalId":6445,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)","volume":"1 1","pages":"V-V"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75822294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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