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Spatio-Temporal Failure Propagation in Cyber-Physical Power Systems 信息物理电力系统的时空故障传播
Pub Date : 2022-02-05 DOI: 10.1109/SGRE53517.2022.9774040
Osman Boyaci, M. Narimani, K. Davis, E. Serpedin
Cascading failure in power systems is triggered by a small perturbation that leads to a sequence of failures spreading through the system. The interconnection between different components in a power system causes failures to easily propagate across the system. The situation gets worse by considering the interconnection between cyber and physical layers in power systems. A plethora of work has studied the cascading failure in power systems to calculate its impact on the system. Understanding how failures propagate into the system in time and space can help the system operator to take preventive actions and upgrade the system accordingly. Due to the nonlinearity of the power flow equation as well as the engineering constraints in the power system, it is essential to understand the spatio-temporal failure propagation in cyber-physical power systems (CPPS). This paper proposes an asynchronous algorithm for investigating failure propagation in CPPS. The physics of the power system is addressed by the full AC power flow equations. Various practical constraints including load shedding, load-generation balance, and island operation are considered to address practical constraints in power system operation. The propagation of various random initial attacks of different sizes is analyzed and visualized to elaborate on the applicability of the proposed approach. Our findings shed light on the cascading failure evolution in CPPS.
电力系统中的级联故障是由一个小的扰动引发的,它会导致一系列故障在整个系统中蔓延。电力系统中不同组件之间的互连导致故障很容易在整个系统中传播。考虑到电力系统中网络层和物理层之间的互连,情况会变得更糟。大量的工作研究了电力系统中的级联故障,以计算其对系统的影响。了解故障如何在时间和空间上传播到系统中,可以帮助系统操作员采取预防措施并相应地升级系统。由于功率流方程的非线性和电力系统的工程约束,了解网络物理电力系统(CPPS)的时空故障传播是十分必要的。提出了一种用于研究CPPS中故障传播的异步算法。电力系统的物理是由完整的交流潮流方程解决的。考虑了各种实际约束,包括减载、负荷发电平衡和孤岛运行,以解决电力系统运行中的实际约束。对不同规模的随机初始攻击的传播进行了分析和可视化,以说明所提出方法的适用性。我们的研究结果揭示了CPPS的级联失效演变。
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引用次数: 4
An Improved Open Switch Fault Diagnosis Strategy for Variable Speed Drives 一种改进的变速驱动开路故障诊断策略
Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/PESGRE52268.2022.9715936
R. Manikandan, S. Raghu, R. R. Singh
Enhancing the reliability of modern industrial drives is critical as it enhances the drive’s availability and allows it to last longer. In electric drive system, the power devices are the most sensitive part, failure of these devices causes vibration and thermal stress on the machine. This article presents a reliable Park’s vector-based open circuit faults detection approach for 3-phase two-level voltage source inverters (2L-VSIs) to improve their operational performance. The proposed technique utilizes the normalized average value and the absolute average value of phase currents as fault indications. Despite transient load and speed circumstances, the empirically designed threshold value ensures independent fault detection in the power converter. The proposed diagnostic scheme can be further incorporated with a suitable fault reconfiguration structure to maintain the performance as drive normal operation. A 4-kW induction motor drive with 3-ph 2L-VSI is implemented in a Matlab/Simulink environment to validate the efficacy of the proposed diagnosis scheme.
增强现代工业驱动器的可靠性至关重要,因为它增强了驱动器的可用性,并使其持续更长时间。在电力传动系统中,动力装置是最敏感的部分,动力装置的故障会对机器产生振动和热应力。本文提出了一种可靠的基于Park矢量的三相二电平电压源逆变器开路故障检测方法,以提高逆变器的工作性能。该方法利用相电流的归一化平均值和绝对平均值作为故障指示。经验设计的阈值可以保证在负荷和转速不稳定的情况下,对变换器进行独立的故障检测。所提出的诊断方案可以进一步与合适的故障重构结构相结合,以保持驱动器正常运行的性能。在Matlab/Simulink环境中实现了4 kw 3 ph 2L-VSI感应电机驱动器,验证了所提出诊断方案的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
A Hybrid Compensator for Mitigation of Power Quality Issues in Distribution Systems 一种用于缓解配电系统电能质量问题的混合补偿器
Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/PESGRE52268.2022.9715834
Soham Chakraborty, S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Biswas
This paper proposes a hybrid compensator for mitigating power quality problems in distribution systems. The hybrid compensator constitutes of Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC), Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR), a lower rating D-STATCOM and a 5th harmonic tuned passive LC filter. The Static var Compensator (SVC) or the TCR-TSC combination works in a coordinated way for the base var compensation. The D-STATCOM works in a coordinated scheme with the SVC and the single tuned LC filter to compensate fundamental var, reduce voltage flicker and also attenuate harmonic currents at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The D-STATCOM thus serves a dual role as a var compensator and as an active filter in Selective Harmonic Compensation (SHC) mode to attenuate the 7th harmonic current, hence improving the var compensation and harmonic current filtering at PCC. The proposed hybrid configuration exhibits very low line current THD in accordance with the relevant standards. Also the chance of resonance of the fixed passive filter with the source inductance has been eliminated in the coordination scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid system compensates var, reduces voltage flicker and harmonic currents at the PCC effectively. The proposed control and coordination scheme is simple to execute besides the hybrid system being highly robust in performance.
本文提出了一种用于缓解配电系统电能质量问题的混合补偿器。混合补偿器由晶闸管开关电容(TSC)、晶闸管控制电抗器(TCR)、低额定值D-STATCOM和五次谐波调谐无源LC滤波器组成。静态无功补偿器(SVC)或TCR-TSC组合以协调方式进行基本无功补偿。D-STATCOM与SVC和单调谐LC滤波器协同工作,补偿基波变差,降低电压闪变,并衰减共耦合点(PCC)的谐波电流。因此,D-STATCOM在选择性谐波补偿(SHC)模式下作为无功补偿器和有源滤波器的双重作用,以衰减7次谐波电流,从而改善PCC的无功补偿和谐波电流滤波。根据相关标准,拟议的混合配置显示非常低的线电流THD。该协调方案还消除了固定无源滤波器与源电感共振的可能性。仿真结果表明,该混合系统能有效地补偿无功变,降低电压闪变和谐波电流。所提出的控制与协调方案具有简单易行、鲁棒性强等优点。
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引用次数: 1
Supervised Learning based Demand Response Simulator with RTP and PTR in Context of Smart Grid 基于监督学习的智能电网RTP和PTR需求响应模拟器
Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/PESGRE52268.2022.9715741
Ankita Sharma, Akash Saxena, B. Soni, Dheeraj Kumar Palwaliya
Demand Response (DR) program empowers the dynamic prices to actively optimize the consumption. This optimized consumption plays a vital role in resolving the complex operation and reliability issues in the electricity market. The human behaviour aspect of consumers explained by several models that have been reported in the literature. These models depend on the classical utility factor. The effect of price on the consumer’s decision in the field of energy efficiency and reduction of consumption based on behavioural characteristics are two important aspects of DR programs. In absence of such characteristics, results become non-viable. In this paper, the footprint of two time-based DR programs is explored on the peak reduction namely; Real Time Pricing (RTP) and Peak Time Rebate (PTR). Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based topologies for two DR programs are proposed. The proposed topologies employ variation in demand and price, subsequently for simulating an online DR simulator. Demand before and after the RTP and PTR were calculated and compared with four ANN based DR topologies namely; Radial Basis Function Neural Network-Demand Response (RBFN-DR), Feedforward Backprop-Demand Response (FFBP-DR), Layer Recurrent–Demand Response (LR-DR), and Generalized Regression-Demand Response (GR-DR). The proposed models are tested on hourly residential data of test smart grid. By assessing the results from test case, depicted that RBFN-DR proved its efficacy by giving better results for both price-based programs namely; RTP and PTR.
需求响应(DR)方案赋予动态价格以主动优化消费的能力。这种优化消纳对解决电力市场复杂的运行和可靠性问题具有重要作用。消费者的人类行为方面解释了几个模型,已在文献中报道。这些模型依赖于经典效用因子。价格对消费者能效决策的影响和基于行为特征的消费减少是DR计划的两个重要方面。如果没有这些特征,结果就变得不可行。本文研究了两种基于时间的DR方案在峰降方面的占用问题,即;实时定价(RTP)和高峰时间回扣(PTR)。提出了基于人工神经网络(ANN)的两种DR方案拓扑结构。所提出的拓扑结构采用需求和价格的变化,随后用于模拟在线DR模拟器。计算了RTP和PTR前后的需求,并与四种基于人工神经网络的DR拓扑进行了比较;径向基函数神经网络需求响应(RBFN-DR)、前馈反向需求响应(FFBP-DR)、层递归需求响应(LR-DR)和广义回归需求响应(GR-DR)。在实测智能电网的小时住宅数据上对所提出的模型进行了验证。通过评估测试案例的结果,描述了RBFN-DR通过为两个基于价格的计划提供更好的结果来证明其有效性,即;RTP和PTR。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency Regulation of PMSG Based Wind Turbine Considering Location Identification Technique in High Penetration of Renewable Generation System 考虑位置识别技术的高渗透可再生能源发电系统PMSG风电机组频率调节
Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/PESGRE52268.2022.9715863
R. Prasad, M. V. Gururaj, N. Padhy
Frequency regulation participation of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine (WT) is rigorously practiced nowadays with the increasing penetration of renewable generation in the generation mix. In line with the objective, a novel location identified frequency control (LIFC) is proposed by the authors, that select locationally targeted remedial frequency control measures in a decentralized manner and does not depend on system-wise observability. The first component of the LIFC is an attuned power balance factor (APBF) which takes the tie line power into consideration for quick response by the PMSG for enhanced load frequency control (En-LFC). The second term of LIFC is the inertial and primary frequency control loop, and act on the frequency variation over time in the dynamically changing power system. The real-time simulation result shows that the performance of LIFC is fast in action and provides overall frequency support to the grid at the time of frequency events.
随着可再生能源发电在发电结构中的比重越来越大,永磁同步发电机(PMSG)风力发电机组(WT)的频率调节参与也越来越严格。根据目标,作者提出了一种新的位置识别频率控制(LIFC),它以分散的方式选择定位的补救频率控制措施,并且不依赖于系统的可观测性。LIFC的第一个组成部分是一个调谐的功率平衡因子(APBF),它考虑了PMSG对增强负载频率控制(En-LFC)的快速响应的tie线功率。LIFC的第二项是惯性和一次频率控制环,在动态变化的电力系统中作用于频率随时间的变化。实时仿真结果表明,LIFC的运行速度快,在频率事件发生时为电网提供全面的频率支持。
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引用次数: 0
Consideration of Dynamic Cross Saturation in Mathematical Modeling of an Asymmetrical Six-Phase SEIG for Wind Energy Applications 风电非对称六相SEIG数学建模中动态交叉饱和的考虑
Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/PESGRE52268.2022.9715949
Mohd. Rizwan Khan, Mohd. Faisal Khan, Mohd Sartaj
Compared to three-phase, the multi-phase electrical machine technology renders a reduction in size and weight and an increase in efficiency and reliability of the machine. Self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) are preferred for wind energy conversion systems because they are simple, low-cost, and durable. It is vital to get comprehensive insights into an induction generator’s dynamic behaviour to develop an effective control system governing its voltage, frequency, and reactive power. This study analyses the performance of two non-linear models of an asymmetrical six-phase SEIG using stator and rotor currents as state variables. The mathematical models of SEIG differ in terms of the presence or absence of a dynamic cross saturation effect. Transient events, including voltage build-up, sudden load perturbation, and unloading of the six-phase SEIG, reveal substantial performance variations between the studied modeling approaches. When comparing the full model (which contains the cross-saturation effect) to the simplified model, the full model shows a faster steady-state convergence. Experimental and simulated results are presented to support arguments.
与三相电机相比,多相电机技术减小了电机的尺寸和重量,提高了电机的效率和可靠性。自激感应发电机(SEIGs)是风能转换系统的首选,因为它们简单、低成本和耐用。全面了解感应发电机的动态特性对于开发有效的控制系统来控制其电压、频率和无功功率至关重要。本文以定子电流和转子电流为状态变量,分析了非对称六相SEIG的两种非线性模型的性能。SEIG的数学模型在存在或不存在动态交叉饱和效应方面有所不同。瞬态事件,包括电压积累、突然负载扰动和六相SEIG的卸载,揭示了所研究的建模方法之间的实质性性能差异。将包含交叉饱和效应的完整模型与简化模型进行比较,发现完整模型具有更快的稳态收敛速度。本文给出了实验和模拟结果来支持论点。
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引用次数: 1
Bivariate Modelling of Normalized Energy Intensity of Oil and Paper for Accessing the Fault Severity of Transformer and Reactors 基于归一化油纸能量强度的二元模型获取变压器和电抗器的故障严重程度
Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/PESGRE52268.2022.9715875
Devaprasad Paul, A. Goswami
This paper aims at developing a copula model for investigating the dependence structure between normalized energy intensity of oil $(mathrm{N}mathrm{E}mathrm{I}_{mathrm{o}mathrm{i}1})$ and normalized energy intensity of paper $(mathrm{N}mathrm{E}mathrm{I}_{mathrm{p}mathrm{a}mathrm{p}mathrm{e}mathrm{r}})$. The $mathrm{N}mathrm{E}mathrm{I}_{mathrm{o}mathrm{i}1}$ and $mathrm{N}mathrm{E}mathrm{I}_{mathrm{p}mathrm{a}mathrm{p}mathrm{e}mathrm{r}}$ are derived from real time dissolved gas analysis data of in-service transformer and reactors having age more than a decade. Considering the positive correlation and goodness-of-fit, Gumbel copula is found to be most suitable for modeling the bivariate joint distribution. Results of the copula model indicate that for an increment of $0.5mathrm{k}mathrm{J}/mathrm{k}mathrm{L}$ in $mathrm{N}mathrm{E}mathrm{I}_{mathrm{o}mathrm{i}1}$ there is an increment in $mathrm{N}mathrm{E}mathrm{I}_{mathrm{p}mathrm{a}mathrm{p}mathrm{e}mathrm{r}}$ between 1.0 and $2.2mathrm{k}mathrm{J}/mathrm{k}mathrm{L}$. It demonstrates the importance of considering $mathrm{N}mathrm{E}mathrm{I}_{mathrm{p}mathrm{a}mathrm{p}mathrm{e}mathrm{r}}$ in addition to $mathrm{N}mathrm{E}mathrm{I}_{mathrm{o}mathrm{i}1}$ for assessing the fault severity and evaluating the internal condition of liquid and solid insulation of transformer and reactor. The study undertaken will help in monitoring, maintenance, and conditioning assessment of the equipment based on the NEI values, which will further help in saving unprecedented failure of in-service transformer and reactors.
为了研究石油$( mathm {N} mathm {E} mathm {I}_{ mathm {o} mathm {I}})$与纸张$( mathm {N} mathm {E} mathm {I}_{ mathm {p} mathm {p} mathm {E} mathm {r}})$的归一化能量强度之间的依赖关系,本文建立了一个耦合模型。$mathrm{N}mathrm{E}mathrm{I}_{mathrm{o}mathrm{I} 1}$和$mathrm{N}mathrm{E}mathrm{I}_{mathrm{p}mathrm{a}mathrm{p}mathrm{E}mathrm{r}}$是根据服役十年以上的变压器和电抗器的溶解气体实时分析数据得出的。考虑到正相关和拟合优度,Gumbel copula最适合于二元联合分布的建模。联结模型的结果表明,$ $ mathm {k} mathm {J}/ $ mathm {k} mathm {L}$在$ $ mathm {N} mathm {E} mathm {I} 1}$中每增加$ $0.5 mathm {k} mathm {J}/ mathm {k} mathm {L}$, $ $ mathm {N} mathm {E} mathm {I}_{ mathm {p} mathm {p} mathm {E} mathm {r} $的增量在1.0到$2.2 mathm {k} mathm {J}/ mathm {k} mathm {L}$之间。论证了除考虑$ mathm {N} mathm {E} mathm {I}_{ mathm {p}} mathm {p}} mathm {E}} mathm {I}_{ mathm {o} mathm {I} 1}$外,还考虑$ mathm {N} mathm {E}}$对故障严重程度评定和变压器电抗器液固绝缘内部状况评定的重要性。所进行的研究将有助于根据NEI值对设备进行监测、维护和调节评估,这将进一步有助于减少在役变压器和电抗器前所未有的故障。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental Validation of PI Controllers And Modelling of DC Servo Motor by FOPDT Model PI控制器的实验验证及直流伺服电机的FOPDT模型建模
Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/PESGRE52268.2022.9715815
Pravin Kumar, Vishal Kumar, B. Tyagi
This work proposes the modeling of the DC servo motor by FOPDT model. The experimental validations of the proposed model for the various PI controllers have been carried out. The analysis of different components of the modular servo system has also been stated. Various transient responses like overshoot, steady-state error, delay time, etc., have been considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. In the last, the results that were obtained from the experimental setup have been discussed.
本文提出用FOPDT模型对直流伺服电机进行建模。对所提出的模型进行了各种PI控制器的实验验证。对模块化伺服系统的各组成部分进行了分析。各种暂态响应,如超调、稳态误差、延迟时间等,已被考虑来评估所提出的模型的性能。最后,对实验装置的结果进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
[Plenary keynotes & tutorials] [全体会议主题演讲和教程]
Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/pesgre52268.2022.9715885
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引用次数: 0
Design Considerations for a Symmetric Dual Three-Phase IPMSM for Battery Electric Vehicles 纯电动汽车对称双三相IPMSM的设计考虑
Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/PESGRE52268.2022.9715871
Sandeep V. Nair, Veena P, Shivam Chakraborty, Kunal Layek, K. Hatua
The motors for electric vehicles are designed to satisfy various performance requirements like gradability, acceleration time, top speed and driving range. The motor design for electric vehicles is different in some aspects compared to the design for typical applications like fan and pump. In this paper, the design procedure of a symmetric dual three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP0-IPMSM) for a battery electric vehicle is proposed. The dual-three phase motor has better reliability and eliminates the DC-DC boost converter used together with 3-phase configuration. A commercial battery electric vehicle Mahindra e-Verito is considered as the target vehicle for the design. The design of the proposed 37kW DTP0-IPMSM is validated using FEMM software. The control of the proposed DTP0-IPMSM is experimentally verified on a low power 3kW DTP0-IPMSM lab prototype.
电动汽车的电机设计是为了满足各种性能要求,如爬坡性、加速时间、最高速度和行驶里程。电动汽车的电机设计与典型应用的设计(如风扇和泵)在某些方面有所不同。本文提出了一种用于纯电动汽车的对称双三相内置永磁同步电动机的设计方法。双三相电机具有更好的可靠性,并且消除了与三相配置一起使用的DC-DC升压变换器。商业电池电动汽车Mahindra e-Verito被认为是设计的目标车辆。采用FEMM软件对所设计的37kW dt0 - ipmsm进行了验证。在一个低功率3kW的DTP0-IPMSM实验室样机上,实验验证了所提出的DTP0-IPMSM的控制。
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引用次数: 0
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智能电网与可再生能源(英文)
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