Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750825
L. I. Minchala-Ávila, K. Palacio-Baus, Juan P. Ortiz, Juan D. Valladolid, J. Ortega
This paper presents a comparison of the performance of different control algorithms in two types of systems; one exhibiting fast dynamics and the other slow dynamics. The first control system regulates the speed of a DC motor, while the second control system regulates the temperature of an electrical heater. This systems' performance comparison pretends to evaluate the energy consumption, as well as the controllers' transient response in order to identify the best control strategy for each system. System models are obtained through the responses to a pseudorandom binary signal (PRBS) and the least squares fit method using an auto-regressive model with an exogenous variable (ARX). The implemented control algorithms used in this study are: pole placement regulator (state-space controller) with integral error processing, auto-tunable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, neural PID controller, unconstrained model predictive control (MPC), fuzzy PID controller, neuro-fuzzy controller, bayesian controller and an optimal quadratic regulator (LQR). A detailed analysis of the performance and energy consumption index is performed, that allow the categorization of the control strategies in accordance with their performance.
{"title":"Comparison of the performance and energy consumption index of model-based controllers","authors":"L. I. Minchala-Ávila, K. Palacio-Baus, Juan P. Ortiz, Juan D. Valladolid, J. Ortega","doi":"10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750825","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparison of the performance of different control algorithms in two types of systems; one exhibiting fast dynamics and the other slow dynamics. The first control system regulates the speed of a DC motor, while the second control system regulates the temperature of an electrical heater. This systems' performance comparison pretends to evaluate the energy consumption, as well as the controllers' transient response in order to identify the best control strategy for each system. System models are obtained through the responses to a pseudorandom binary signal (PRBS) and the least squares fit method using an auto-regressive model with an exogenous variable (ARX). The implemented control algorithms used in this study are: pole placement regulator (state-space controller) with integral error processing, auto-tunable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, neural PID controller, unconstrained model predictive control (MPC), fuzzy PID controller, neuro-fuzzy controller, bayesian controller and an optimal quadratic regulator (LQR). A detailed analysis of the performance and energy consumption index is performed, that allow the categorization of the control strategies in accordance with their performance.","PeriodicalId":6480,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88027454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750821
Fabián Bustamante, Walter Fuertes, P. Díaz, T. Toulkeridis
The most recent international reports of security issues documented a growing number of cybernetic attacks to Industrial Control Systems. Therefore, an increase of information technology implementations in manufacturing processes arose offering solutions in Information Security of the involved manufacturers and professionals. In this respect, a notable tendency emerges in which information security has been particularly intended to be used in businesses' administrative areas, where ISO-27000 is the most favored standard. Nonetheless, it has been determined that ISO is not yet an ideal standard for an industrial approach, due to the fact that it has not been created for these systems. We designed and implemented a methodology for the management of information security of the Industrial Control Systems of industrial businesses, based on standards issued by NIST. Such methodology presents the development of a series of phases, which provide two main contributions: firstly a group of strategies to reduce risks and secondly a Guide for standards-based instructions as well as security policies for the effective management of information security.
{"title":"A methodological proposal concerning to the management of information security in Industrial Control Systems","authors":"Fabián Bustamante, Walter Fuertes, P. Díaz, T. Toulkeridis","doi":"10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750821","url":null,"abstract":"The most recent international reports of security issues documented a growing number of cybernetic attacks to Industrial Control Systems. Therefore, an increase of information technology implementations in manufacturing processes arose offering solutions in Information Security of the involved manufacturers and professionals. In this respect, a notable tendency emerges in which information security has been particularly intended to be used in businesses' administrative areas, where ISO-27000 is the most favored standard. Nonetheless, it has been determined that ISO is not yet an ideal standard for an industrial approach, due to the fact that it has not been created for these systems. We designed and implemented a methodology for the management of information security of the Industrial Control Systems of industrial businesses, based on standards issued by NIST. Such methodology presents the development of a series of phases, which provide two main contributions: firstly a group of strategies to reduce risks and secondly a Guide for standards-based instructions as well as security policies for the effective management of information security.","PeriodicalId":6480,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)","volume":"105 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88976425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750827
A. Cadena, Ruben Carvajal, B. Guamán, Roger Granda, Enrique Peláez, K. Chiluiza
This study presents a vision-based approach for fingertip tracking on multi-touch tabletop which combines infrared and depth image processing. This approach intends to tackle two main issues on tabletop interaction: improve the performance for real-time applications and increase fingertip detection accuracy. A prototype using this fingertip tracking method was implemented with a depth and infrared camera. This approach processes the user's arm, hands and fingertips images using depth-space constraints, as well as clustering. Fingertip positions are accurately corrected using additional infrared information. Quantitative results show high accuracy of fingertip detection, with lower error rates compared to previous studies. Also, increased capabilities for real-time multi-user interaction are further demonstrated through a set of response time tests.
{"title":"Fingertip detection approach on depth image sequences for interactive projection system","authors":"A. Cadena, Ruben Carvajal, B. Guamán, Roger Granda, Enrique Peláez, K. Chiluiza","doi":"10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750827","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a vision-based approach for fingertip tracking on multi-touch tabletop which combines infrared and depth image processing. This approach intends to tackle two main issues on tabletop interaction: improve the performance for real-time applications and increase fingertip detection accuracy. A prototype using this fingertip tracking method was implemented with a depth and infrared camera. This approach processes the user's arm, hands and fingertips images using depth-space constraints, as well as clustering. Fingertip positions are accurately corrected using additional infrared information. Quantitative results show high accuracy of fingertip detection, with lower error rates compared to previous studies. Also, increased capabilities for real-time multi-user interaction are further demonstrated through a set of response time tests.","PeriodicalId":6480,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)","volume":"93 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83862100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750860
H. Nieto-Chaupis
We report the application of the Model-based Predictive Control (MPC) to improve the performance of the start-up of a 150⊕75 MW combined cycle power plant whose gas turbine is fueled by natural gas. In concrete the simulations have shown that the efficient drum level control is reflected on the improvement of power efficiency in the sense of reaching the 225 MW set point in around 45 minutes faster than the case of PID. Experimental data taken from ordinary runs from power plant was used for ends of system identification which is based on convolution integrals resulting well adjustable to the acquired data. Simulations have demonstrated that the performance of the MPC surpasses to the one of classic PID essentially in two aspects: (i) reducing the time for reaching set point and (ii) avoiding unexpected critical situations during the plant start-up. Results have indicated that the MPC might reduce in up to 45±5 minutes the time of reaching the set point established to be 225MWwithin a computational error of 5%, which is translated as the MPC error of order of 2.5% working as software in plant. All these results might sustain the fact that the MPC based on convolution models appears to be an interesting scheme to optimize the full functionality in power plants whose expected power is ranging between 200 and 250 MW.
{"title":"Prospects of model predictive control of the drum level at a 225 MW combined cycle power plant","authors":"H. Nieto-Chaupis","doi":"10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750860","url":null,"abstract":"We report the application of the Model-based Predictive Control (MPC) to improve the performance of the start-up of a 150⊕75 MW combined cycle power plant whose gas turbine is fueled by natural gas. In concrete the simulations have shown that the efficient drum level control is reflected on the improvement of power efficiency in the sense of reaching the 225 MW set point in around 45 minutes faster than the case of PID. Experimental data taken from ordinary runs from power plant was used for ends of system identification which is based on convolution integrals resulting well adjustable to the acquired data. Simulations have demonstrated that the performance of the MPC surpasses to the one of classic PID essentially in two aspects: (i) reducing the time for reaching set point and (ii) avoiding unexpected critical situations during the plant start-up. Results have indicated that the MPC might reduce in up to 45±5 minutes the time of reaching the set point established to be 225MWwithin a computational error of 5%, which is translated as the MPC error of order of 2.5% working as software in plant. All these results might sustain the fact that the MPC based on convolution models appears to be an interesting scheme to optimize the full functionality in power plants whose expected power is ranging between 200 and 250 MW.","PeriodicalId":6480,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77065367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750861
V. Robles-Bykbaev, Wilson Guaman-Murillo, D. Quisi-Peralta, M. López-Nores, J. Pazos-Arias, J. García-Duque
Nowadays there are no precise estimates about the number of persons (especially children) living with disabilities and communication disorders in the world. This situation becomes more complex in developing countries, where the World Health Organization (WHO) claims that only between 5 and 15% of children and adults with disabilities have the opportunity to access to assistive technologies. In the same way, a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) has a work overload, and must carry out several activities related with monitoring patients, designing therapy plans, preparing reports, providing couseling services, among others. On those grounds, in this paper we present an expert system able to automatically infer general intervention guidelines for children with disabilities and communication disorders. The system relies on ontologies and implements a semantic web environment to provide several services related with information querying, reports generation, inference of intervention strategies, etc. In order to populate the ontology and validate the system, we have used the clinical information of 152 real cases of patients of Cuenca, Ecuador and 1,005 speech-language therapy information elements.
{"title":"An ontology-based expert system to generate therapy plans for children with disabilities and communication disorders","authors":"V. Robles-Bykbaev, Wilson Guaman-Murillo, D. Quisi-Peralta, M. López-Nores, J. Pazos-Arias, J. García-Duque","doi":"10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750861","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays there are no precise estimates about the number of persons (especially children) living with disabilities and communication disorders in the world. This situation becomes more complex in developing countries, where the World Health Organization (WHO) claims that only between 5 and 15% of children and adults with disabilities have the opportunity to access to assistive technologies. In the same way, a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) has a work overload, and must carry out several activities related with monitoring patients, designing therapy plans, preparing reports, providing couseling services, among others. On those grounds, in this paper we present an expert system able to automatically infer general intervention guidelines for children with disabilities and communication disorders. The system relies on ontologies and implements a semantic web environment to provide several services related with information querying, reports generation, inference of intervention strategies, etc. In order to populate the ontology and validate the system, we have used the clinical information of 152 real cases of patients of Cuenca, Ecuador and 1,005 speech-language therapy information elements.","PeriodicalId":6480,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75030340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750842
Parra Rosero Pablo, I. William, M. Jose, Oliden Jose
This paper describes the study for the design of a predictive controller based on the parametric model obtained for a dryer cocoa plant. The drying system is a nonlinear process, the parametric model obtained is nonlinear, these conditions allowed test the performance of algorithm NEPSAC (extended, predictive and self-adaptive nonlinear controller). It shows characteristics of the plant and a brief description of nonlinear model of the plant is made. The controller design details are shown and furthermore NEPSAC results are compared with Generalized Model Predictive Control (GPC) and PID control results. The implementation of the controllers was done using MATLAB® Software and an embedded system for the collect of the data.
{"title":"Predictive and adaptive nonlinear controller applied to a drying process of cocoa beans","authors":"Parra Rosero Pablo, I. William, M. Jose, Oliden Jose","doi":"10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750842","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the study for the design of a predictive controller based on the parametric model obtained for a dryer cocoa plant. The drying system is a nonlinear process, the parametric model obtained is nonlinear, these conditions allowed test the performance of algorithm NEPSAC (extended, predictive and self-adaptive nonlinear controller). It shows characteristics of the plant and a brief description of nonlinear model of the plant is made. The controller design details are shown and furthermore NEPSAC results are compared with Generalized Model Predictive Control (GPC) and PID control results. The implementation of the controllers was done using MATLAB® Software and an embedded system for the collect of the data.","PeriodicalId":6480,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)","volume":"103 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78389735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750819
J. Espinoza, D. Chandy, S. Ochoa, J. Jiménez, M. Huerta, Á. Soto, G. Sagbay, R. Ávila
In Ecuador, the ambulatory emergency system has a numbered paper handwriting information registry procedure, which means that the medical staff knows about the patient condition after his arrival to the health facility, in certain cases this could critically affect the quality of attention. This article details the proposal of a system which transmit detailed patient health status information and also his vital signs during the ambulance transfer, developing simultaneously a hardware and software adjusted to the requirements of the paramedics. The system is divided in three parts, firstly a prototype that consist in a touchscreen computer for data input, connected to a pulse oximeter sensor for live broadcast of pulse rate and oxygen saturation. In second place a management and database server software for emergency events registry. And finally an easy integration system monitoring app for mobile devices. The link of the ambulance to main server and medical entities is achieved through LTE network, with the appropriate data security measures. The project have the goal to actively support the emergency personal for the opportune attention of any trauma or pathology that a patient present.
{"title":"Design of telemedicine management system in Ecuador","authors":"J. Espinoza, D. Chandy, S. Ochoa, J. Jiménez, M. Huerta, Á. Soto, G. Sagbay, R. Ávila","doi":"10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750819","url":null,"abstract":"In Ecuador, the ambulatory emergency system has a numbered paper handwriting information registry procedure, which means that the medical staff knows about the patient condition after his arrival to the health facility, in certain cases this could critically affect the quality of attention. This article details the proposal of a system which transmit detailed patient health status information and also his vital signs during the ambulance transfer, developing simultaneously a hardware and software adjusted to the requirements of the paramedics. The system is divided in three parts, firstly a prototype that consist in a touchscreen computer for data input, connected to a pulse oximeter sensor for live broadcast of pulse rate and oxygen saturation. In second place a management and database server software for emergency events registry. And finally an easy integration system monitoring app for mobile devices. The link of the ambulance to main server and medical entities is achieved through LTE network, with the appropriate data security measures. The project have the goal to actively support the emergency personal for the opportune attention of any trauma or pathology that a patient present.","PeriodicalId":6480,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91365159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750845
Thalia San Antonio, Fernando Urrutia, Anita Larrea
An ergonomic study was performed using the RULA and MAPFRE methods, the assessment is centered on the relationship between the user and his wheelchair analyzed as their inevitable workstation rather than on the performed tasks. The sample is conformed of 22 people who: are wheelchairs users, are capable of performing professional activities with their upper limbs, have acquired the disability after reaching their physical maturity, are in working-age and that lives in the city of Ambato, Ecuador. Since there are few studies that approach the assessment of the wheelchair as a workstation; this is emphasized in this research where the evaluations are made during the performance of job and/or home tasks since not all the wheelchair users evaluated have a remunerated job but all perform a variety of -s during the day. The results show the urgent need of the user to be able to change the sitting position during the working hours and the postural risk associated to reach objects from that position. Other interesting finding is the high percentage of users that made rudimentary changes in order to adjust the wheelchair to their body size or to facilitate the accomplishment of some tasks, evidencing the need of these types of studies and the development of technical solutions that prioritize the health preservation and the promotion of their capabilities.
{"title":"Ergonomic analysis for people with physical disabilities when the wheelchair is considered as their workstation","authors":"Thalia San Antonio, Fernando Urrutia, Anita Larrea","doi":"10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750845","url":null,"abstract":"An ergonomic study was performed using the RULA and MAPFRE methods, the assessment is centered on the relationship between the user and his wheelchair analyzed as their inevitable workstation rather than on the performed tasks. The sample is conformed of 22 people who: are wheelchairs users, are capable of performing professional activities with their upper limbs, have acquired the disability after reaching their physical maturity, are in working-age and that lives in the city of Ambato, Ecuador. Since there are few studies that approach the assessment of the wheelchair as a workstation; this is emphasized in this research where the evaluations are made during the performance of job and/or home tasks since not all the wheelchair users evaluated have a remunerated job but all perform a variety of -s during the day. The results show the urgent need of the user to be able to change the sitting position during the working hours and the postural risk associated to reach objects from that position. Other interesting finding is the high percentage of users that made rudimentary changes in order to adjust the wheelchair to their body size or to facilitate the accomplishment of some tasks, evidencing the need of these types of studies and the development of technical solutions that prioritize the health preservation and the promotion of their capabilities.","PeriodicalId":6480,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)","volume":"301 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89907168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750848
Javier Urquizo, C. Calderón, P. James
This paper explore the benefits of an bottom-up spatially enabled building-based energy framework in identifying districts, neighbourhoods, and community's building aggregated areas with spatial expressions patters most similar to a given parameter within the energy profile. In districts, we argue that the hot spot cluster technique simplify the complexity of the urban extent of the energy consumption intensity which potentially signpost ad-hoc energy retrofit planning scenarios and flexible local distributed generation strategies. In neighbourhoods and communities, our results suggest that the number of heated rooms rather than the simple count of the number of rooms, as a proxy for the usable floor area, leads to a better density metric indicator, the space per person, which is more appealing to energy studies despite not being available in UK statistics as it should be. Additionally, certain geometry on the local construction of the UK's city settlements lead to original building types, like the Tyneside Flats, that are both difficult to harmonize with existing national data sets, and to model; and, more importantly, to effectively assess the estimated energy savings that will result from potential measures. This represent a challenge not only to the government energy-efficiency national financing mechanism like the Green Deal but also for manufactures and suppliers, which have to provide specifications for a large number of architectural details. This modelling exercise is undertaken within the city limits and are set in the context of an unique identification of Local Land and Property Gazetteer (LLPG) in a Geographical Information System (GIS).
{"title":"A spatial perspective of the domestic energy consumption intensity patterns in sub-city areas. A case study from the United Kingdom","authors":"Javier Urquizo, C. Calderón, P. James","doi":"10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750848","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explore the benefits of an bottom-up spatially enabled building-based energy framework in identifying districts, neighbourhoods, and community's building aggregated areas with spatial expressions patters most similar to a given parameter within the energy profile. In districts, we argue that the hot spot cluster technique simplify the complexity of the urban extent of the energy consumption intensity which potentially signpost ad-hoc energy retrofit planning scenarios and flexible local distributed generation strategies. In neighbourhoods and communities, our results suggest that the number of heated rooms rather than the simple count of the number of rooms, as a proxy for the usable floor area, leads to a better density metric indicator, the space per person, which is more appealing to energy studies despite not being available in UK statistics as it should be. Additionally, certain geometry on the local construction of the UK's city settlements lead to original building types, like the Tyneside Flats, that are both difficult to harmonize with existing national data sets, and to model; and, more importantly, to effectively assess the estimated energy savings that will result from potential measures. This represent a challenge not only to the government energy-efficiency national financing mechanism like the Green Deal but also for manufactures and suppliers, which have to provide specifications for a large number of architectural details. This modelling exercise is undertaken within the city limits and are set in the context of an unique identification of Local Land and Property Gazetteer (LLPG) in a Geographical Information System (GIS).","PeriodicalId":6480,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84406198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750874
Víctor Asanza, Kerly Ochoa, Christian Sacarelo, Carlos Salazar, Francis R. Loayza, Carmen Vaca, Enrique Peláez
Recent studies show that it is feasible to use electrical signals from Electro-encephalography (EEG) to control devices or prostheses, these signals are provided by the body and can be measured on the scalp to determine the intent of the person when it is observing a visual stimulus frequency range detectable by the human eye. This group of signals are very susceptible to noise due to voltage levels that are able to acquire. Therefore, in this work we propose a statistical analysis of the distribution of normal EEG signals in order to determine the need of a pre-processing to remove noise components from electrical grids or other possible sources. This preprocessing includes the design and use of a filter that will eliminate any signal component that is not in the operating frequency range of the EEG occipital area of the brain. Finally, we will proceed to use the k-means algorithm to cluster with signals according to their frequency and temporal characteristics.
{"title":"Clustering of EEG occipital signals using k-means","authors":"Víctor Asanza, Kerly Ochoa, Christian Sacarelo, Carlos Salazar, Francis R. Loayza, Carmen Vaca, Enrique Peláez","doi":"10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM.2016.7750874","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies show that it is feasible to use electrical signals from Electro-encephalography (EEG) to control devices or prostheses, these signals are provided by the body and can be measured on the scalp to determine the intent of the person when it is observing a visual stimulus frequency range detectable by the human eye. This group of signals are very susceptible to noise due to voltage levels that are able to acquire. Therefore, in this work we propose a statistical analysis of the distribution of normal EEG signals in order to determine the need of a pre-processing to remove noise components from electrical grids or other possible sources. This preprocessing includes the design and use of a filter that will eliminate any signal component that is not in the operating frequency range of the EEG occipital area of the brain. Finally, we will proceed to use the k-means algorithm to cluster with signals according to their frequency and temporal characteristics.","PeriodicalId":6480,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82380846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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