Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007774
David Formby, Sangjoon Jung, Seth Walters, R. Beyah
Nearly every aspect of modern life today, from businesses, transportation, and healthcare, depends on the power grid operating safely and reliably. While the recent push for a “Smart Grid” has shown promise for increased efficiency, security has often been an after-thought, leaving this critical infrastructure vulnerable to a variety of cyber attacks. For instance, devices crucial to the safe operation of the power grid are left in remote substations with their configuration interfaces completely open, providing a vector for outsiders as well as insiders to launch an attack. This paper develops the framework for an overlay network of gateway devices that provide authenticated access control and security monitoring for these vulnerable interfaces. We develop a working prototype of such a device and simulate the performance of deployment throughout a substation. Our results suggest that such a system can be deployed with negligible impact on normal operations, while providing important security mechanisms. By doing so, we demonstrate that our proposal is a practical and efficient solution for retro-fitting security onto crucial power system devices.
{"title":"A physical overlay framework for insider threat mitigation of power system devices","authors":"David Formby, Sangjoon Jung, Seth Walters, R. Beyah","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007774","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly every aspect of modern life today, from businesses, transportation, and healthcare, depends on the power grid operating safely and reliably. While the recent push for a “Smart Grid” has shown promise for increased efficiency, security has often been an after-thought, leaving this critical infrastructure vulnerable to a variety of cyber attacks. For instance, devices crucial to the safe operation of the power grid are left in remote substations with their configuration interfaces completely open, providing a vector for outsiders as well as insiders to launch an attack. This paper develops the framework for an overlay network of gateway devices that provide authenticated access control and security monitoring for these vulnerable interfaces. We develop a working prototype of such a device and simulate the performance of deployment throughout a substation. Our results suggest that such a system can be deployed with negligible impact on normal operations, while providing important security mechanisms. By doing so, we demonstrate that our proposal is a practical and efficient solution for retro-fitting security onto crucial power system devices.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"31 1","pages":"970-975"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77973260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007626
S. Riverso, Fabio Sarzo, G. Ferrari-Trecate
In this paper, we propose decentralized controllers for the design of the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) layer in power networks equipped with Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. We focus on the capability, provided by FACTS, of redirecting power flows by controlling physical parameters of tie-lines. Control design is decentralized as the procedure for synthesizing a controller for a generation area uses information from neighboring areas only. Moreover, our method is termed plug-and-play because, if a generation area is plugged in or out, at most neighboring areas must update their controllers, leaving the rest of the network unaffected. Performance brought about by the proposed controllers is discussed on a benchmark example.
{"title":"Plug-and-play decentralized frequency regulation for power networks with FACTS devices","authors":"S. Riverso, Fabio Sarzo, G. Ferrari-Trecate","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007626","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose decentralized controllers for the design of the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) layer in power networks equipped with Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. We focus on the capability, provided by FACTS, of redirecting power flows by controlling physical parameters of tie-lines. Control design is decentralized as the procedure for synthesizing a controller for a generation area uses information from neighboring areas only. Moreover, our method is termed plug-and-play because, if a generation area is plugged in or out, at most neighboring areas must update their controllers, leaving the rest of the network unaffected. Performance brought about by the proposed controllers is discussed on a benchmark example.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"72 1","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84499657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007768
Vahe Seferian, R. Kanj, A. Chehab, A. Kayssi
A major challenge for advanced metering infrastructures is to achieve secure, scalable and efficient communication system between meters and the utility. Traditional identity-based cryptosystems offer scalability and security but can be computationally expensive and are complicated when it comes to private key distribution. In this paper we propose a framework based on merging physical unclonable functions (PUFs) and ID-based authentication that combines the benefits of symmetric-key cryptography with identity based cryptosystems and eliminates the risk for key compromise on the hardware level. The PUF enables meter-to-utility security at the application layer as well as secure handling of the ID-based keys. The framework relies on ID-based non-interactive key distribution mechanism to enable hop-by-hop authentication at the link layer thereby prohibiting unauthenticated packets from overloading the network. We simulated the proposed framework using an event driven network simulator in the context of wireless AMI mesh networks. The results show that our methodology is able to thwart a DoS attack by eliminating packet drops and reducing the average packet latency by 8-14×.
{"title":"PUF and ID-based key distribution security framework for advanced metering infrastructures","authors":"Vahe Seferian, R. Kanj, A. Chehab, A. Kayssi","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007768","url":null,"abstract":"A major challenge for advanced metering infrastructures is to achieve secure, scalable and efficient communication system between meters and the utility. Traditional identity-based cryptosystems offer scalability and security but can be computationally expensive and are complicated when it comes to private key distribution. In this paper we propose a framework based on merging physical unclonable functions (PUFs) and ID-based authentication that combines the benefits of symmetric-key cryptography with identity based cryptosystems and eliminates the risk for key compromise on the hardware level. The PUF enables meter-to-utility security at the application layer as well as secure handling of the ID-based keys. The framework relies on ID-based non-interactive key distribution mechanism to enable hop-by-hop authentication at the link layer thereby prohibiting unauthenticated packets from overloading the network. We simulated the proposed framework using an event driven network simulator in the context of wireless AMI mesh networks. The results show that our methodology is able to thwart a DoS attack by eliminating packet drops and reducing the average packet latency by 8-14×.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"58 1","pages":"933-938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85668975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007740
Bo Chai, Alberto Costa, S. Ahipaşaoğlu, Shisheng Huang, C. Yuen, Zaiyue Yang
We develop a mathematical programming approach to schedule meetings in an organization over a fixed period of time, while minimizing the wasted energy and possibly achieving more balanced demand distribution. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear program subject to a set of realistic constraints including people's available time slots and energy consumption characteristics of the meeting rooms. Two objective functions are considered: minimizing the total energy used and minimizing the total energy cost. Our simulations illustrate that using the optimal schedule may result in significant savings, both economical and environmental.
{"title":"Minimizing commercial building cost in Smart Grid: An optimal meeting scheduling approach","authors":"Bo Chai, Alberto Costa, S. Ahipaşaoğlu, Shisheng Huang, C. Yuen, Zaiyue Yang","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007740","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a mathematical programming approach to schedule meetings in an organization over a fixed period of time, while minimizing the wasted energy and possibly achieving more balanced demand distribution. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear program subject to a set of realistic constraints including people's available time slots and energy consumption characteristics of the meeting rooms. Two objective functions are considered: minimizing the total energy used and minimizing the total energy cost. Our simulations illustrate that using the optimal schedule may result in significant savings, both economical and environmental.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"17 1","pages":"764-769"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91153622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007686
S. Horsmanheimo, Niwas Maskey, L. Tuomimäki
A reliable and resilient wireless communication technology is needed for Smart Grids. The chosen technology should enable seamless communication between grid devices, applications, consumers, and operators. In addition, it should guarantee adequate network resources for smart grid functions by fulfilling bandwidth, availability, QoS, and latency requirements. Energy companies have been seeking for a cost-effective and reliable communication technology to support their grid automation and control. Evolved cellular technologies, like LTE, have been found compelling, because they offer low latency, high throughput, commercial advantages of a global standard ecosystem, cost effective solutions in comparison to dedicated communication infrastructures, and rapid deployment. This paper presents the results of a feasibility study of using commercial networks, namely GSM, UMTS and LTE, for the remote control of medium voltage electric distribution networks.
{"title":"Feasibility study of utilizing mobile communications for Smart Grid applications in urban area","authors":"S. Horsmanheimo, Niwas Maskey, L. Tuomimäki","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007686","url":null,"abstract":"A reliable and resilient wireless communication technology is needed for Smart Grids. The chosen technology should enable seamless communication between grid devices, applications, consumers, and operators. In addition, it should guarantee adequate network resources for smart grid functions by fulfilling bandwidth, availability, QoS, and latency requirements. Energy companies have been seeking for a cost-effective and reliable communication technology to support their grid automation and control. Evolved cellular technologies, like LTE, have been found compelling, because they offer low latency, high throughput, commercial advantages of a global standard ecosystem, cost effective solutions in comparison to dedicated communication infrastructures, and rapid deployment. This paper presents the results of a feasibility study of using commercial networks, namely GSM, UMTS and LTE, for the remote control of medium voltage electric distribution networks.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"27 1","pages":"440-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91264236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007647
R. Rojas-Cessa, Vinit Sahasrabudhe, Eugene Miglio, Divya Balineni, J. Kurylo, H. Grebel
We present two testbeds and experimental evaluations of the controlled-delivery power (CDP) grid. In the CDP grid, energy is addressable and the amount of power is allocated to users in real time. The energy supplier grants the amount of energy supplied to a user and at the same time, ensures that the total supplied energy is within a fixed cap. Energy amounts are discretized to minimize management complexity and optimized for digital control. One of our testbeds mimics the present grid and the other emulates a grid provisioned with energy storage. In the presented experiments, users request and receive grants through power access points implemented with low-cost computers. The management and control plane of a supplier was implemented with a workstation, and users and supplier communicated through a data network. Alternating current (AC) at 120 V power lines were controlled by the server and delivered power to the access points. The supplier was able to maintain a high satisfaction ratio in terms of requests granted and energy delivered under limited capacity conditions.
{"title":"Testbed evaluations of a controlled-delivery power grid","authors":"R. Rojas-Cessa, Vinit Sahasrabudhe, Eugene Miglio, Divya Balineni, J. Kurylo, H. Grebel","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007647","url":null,"abstract":"We present two testbeds and experimental evaluations of the controlled-delivery power (CDP) grid. In the CDP grid, energy is addressable and the amount of power is allocated to users in real time. The energy supplier grants the amount of energy supplied to a user and at the same time, ensures that the total supplied energy is within a fixed cap. Energy amounts are discretized to minimize management complexity and optimized for digital control. One of our testbeds mimics the present grid and the other emulates a grid provisioned with energy storage. In the presented experiments, users request and receive grants through power access points implemented with low-cost computers. The management and control plane of a supplier was implemented with a workstation, and users and supplier communicated through a data network. Alternating current (AC) at 120 V power lines were controlled by the server and delivered power to the access points. The supplier was able to maintain a high satisfaction ratio in terms of requests granted and energy delivered under limited capacity conditions.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"25 1","pages":"206-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90336781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007700
L. Liu, Jidong Chai, H. Qi, Yilu Liu
Disturbance analysis is important to the study of the power transmission system because it facilitates the modeling, operation and planning of the system. Traditionally, disturbances are described as megawatt (MW) events, but the access to data is inefficient due to the slow installation and authorization process of the monitoring device. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to disturbance analysis conducted at the distribution level by exploiting the frequency recordings from Frequency Disturbance Recorders (FDRs) of the Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET/GridEye), based on the relationship between frequency change and the power loss of disturbances, which is linearly associated by the Frequency Response. We first analyze the real disturbance records (in megawatt) of North America from the year 1992 to 2009 and confirm the power law distribution; meanwhile we discover that small disturbances are log-normal distributed. Then based on the real records from 2011 to 2013 (EI), the disturbances in megawatt and the corresponding frequency change records are studied in parallel. We prove that the frequency change of disturbances and its megawatt records share similar power law distribution when the disturbances are large; the frequency change can be delineated by a log-normal distribution with its numerically approximated coefficient when the disturbances are small. These findings have enabled the analysis of disturbances as frequency changes monitored at the distribution level with much better resolution and significantly faster access of data.
{"title":"Power grid disturbance analysis using frequency information at the distribution level","authors":"L. Liu, Jidong Chai, H. Qi, Yilu Liu","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007700","url":null,"abstract":"Disturbance analysis is important to the study of the power transmission system because it facilitates the modeling, operation and planning of the system. Traditionally, disturbances are described as megawatt (MW) events, but the access to data is inefficient due to the slow installation and authorization process of the monitoring device. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to disturbance analysis conducted at the distribution level by exploiting the frequency recordings from Frequency Disturbance Recorders (FDRs) of the Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET/GridEye), based on the relationship between frequency change and the power loss of disturbances, which is linearly associated by the Frequency Response. We first analyze the real disturbance records (in megawatt) of North America from the year 1992 to 2009 and confirm the power law distribution; meanwhile we discover that small disturbances are log-normal distributed. Then based on the real records from 2011 to 2013 (EI), the disturbances in megawatt and the corresponding frequency change records are studied in parallel. We prove that the frequency change of disturbances and its megawatt records share similar power law distribution when the disturbances are large; the frequency change can be delineated by a log-normal distribution with its numerically approximated coefficient when the disturbances are small. These findings have enabled the analysis of disturbances as frequency changes monitored at the distribution level with much better resolution and significantly faster access of data.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"46 1","pages":"523-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87559583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007739
M. Levorato, N. Ahmed, Y. Zhang
A novel framework for residential smart energy systems is proposed. The model integrates the consumer behavior in the dynamics of the technological and environmental components of the system. The objective is to classify and optimize the whole system, which includes the dynamics of the consumer. The framework is based on Markov process, model detection and Hidden Markov Model Theory. The behavior of the consumer is classified from a sequence of available observations within a set of reference classes. The detected class is used as prior information to detect the state of the system and provide feedback to the consumer to reduce the probability that undesirable states occur within a time window.
{"title":"Consumer in-the-loop: Consumers as part of residential smart energy systems","authors":"M. Levorato, N. Ahmed, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007739","url":null,"abstract":"A novel framework for residential smart energy systems is proposed. The model integrates the consumer behavior in the dynamics of the technological and environmental components of the system. The objective is to classify and optimize the whole system, which includes the dynamics of the consumer. The framework is based on Markov process, model detection and Hidden Markov Model Theory. The behavior of the consumer is classified from a sequence of available observations within a set of reference classes. The detected class is used as prior information to detect the state of the system and provide feedback to the consumer to reduce the probability that undesirable states occur within a time window.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"11 1","pages":"758-763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87529742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007640
Rodrigo Verschae, H. Kawashima, Takekazu Kato, T. Matsuyama
The coordination and control of the agents in electrical networks is expected to have an important positive impact in future smart-grids. In the present paper we propose a distributed hierarchical coordination framework for power balancing, and the algorithms required to build such coordination architecture. This architecture is built such that a group of agents (a subtree of the hierarchy) can respond and adjust to deviations from a day-ahead plan for that group, without the need to coordinate with its upper levels of the hierarchy at every time step. The agents are arranged in groups by taking into account a measure of the flexibility of each group, thus allowing a partial de-coupling of the groups during the coordination, which reduces the required work of the central coordinator and gives robustness to the system. The assignment of agents to groups is formulated as a welfare maximization problem, a NP-hard problem for which an approximate solution can be obtained efficiently by using the sub-modularity and monotonicity of the involved functions. An electric vehicle charging coordination scenario is presented to exemplify the proposed architecture and methods.
{"title":"A distributed hierarchical architecture for community-based power balancing","authors":"Rodrigo Verschae, H. Kawashima, Takekazu Kato, T. Matsuyama","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007640","url":null,"abstract":"The coordination and control of the agents in electrical networks is expected to have an important positive impact in future smart-grids. In the present paper we propose a distributed hierarchical coordination framework for power balancing, and the algorithms required to build such coordination architecture. This architecture is built such that a group of agents (a subtree of the hierarchy) can respond and adjust to deviations from a day-ahead plan for that group, without the need to coordinate with its upper levels of the hierarchy at every time step. The agents are arranged in groups by taking into account a measure of the flexibility of each group, thus allowing a partial de-coupling of the groups during the coordination, which reduces the required work of the central coordinator and gives robustness to the system. The assignment of agents to groups is formulated as a welfare maximization problem, a NP-hard problem for which an approximate solution can be obtained efficiently by using the sub-modularity and monotonicity of the involved functions. An electric vehicle charging coordination scenario is presented to exemplify the proposed architecture and methods.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"40 1 1","pages":"163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78215845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007630
Lazaros Gkatzikis, G. Iosifidis, I. Koutsopoulos, L. Tassiulas
The development of low-cost renewable energy generators transforms households into electricity prosumers. Given that generation from renewable sources is highly volatile and does not perfectly match the daily demand pattern of households, electricity storage has been proposed for balancing energy generation and demand. In this work, we suggest that, due to the high cost of Energy Storage Systems (ESS), prosumers should deploy and share ESSs in a collaborative fashion. This will allow them to leverage the temporal diversity in their energy generation and consumption patterns, so as to reduce the cost paid to the main grid and even to cover the deployment cost of ESSs. We address the question “How much storage capacity should be placed and in which locations in the distribution network?”. In order to answer this question, we need also to consider how much each prosumer should charge and discharge each deployed ESS. The solution of this joint ESS placement-dimensioning and utilization problem depends on the energy distribution losses, expected electricity prices, and the diversity of prosumers' profiles. Accordingly, we employ the Nash bargaining framework to determine how this cost should be shared in a fair, and hence self-enforcing, fashion among prosumers. Based on realistic demand and generation traces, we show that collaborative prosumption of energy through properly placed ESS can lead to significant savings of up to 50% compared to a non-cooperating setting.
{"title":"Collaborative placement and sharing of storage resources in the Smart Grid","authors":"Lazaros Gkatzikis, G. Iosifidis, I. Koutsopoulos, L. Tassiulas","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007630","url":null,"abstract":"The development of low-cost renewable energy generators transforms households into electricity prosumers. Given that generation from renewable sources is highly volatile and does not perfectly match the daily demand pattern of households, electricity storage has been proposed for balancing energy generation and demand. In this work, we suggest that, due to the high cost of Energy Storage Systems (ESS), prosumers should deploy and share ESSs in a collaborative fashion. This will allow them to leverage the temporal diversity in their energy generation and consumption patterns, so as to reduce the cost paid to the main grid and even to cover the deployment cost of ESSs. We address the question “How much storage capacity should be placed and in which locations in the distribution network?”. In order to answer this question, we need also to consider how much each prosumer should charge and discharge each deployed ESS. The solution of this joint ESS placement-dimensioning and utilization problem depends on the energy distribution losses, expected electricity prices, and the diversity of prosumers' profiles. Accordingly, we employ the Nash bargaining framework to determine how this cost should be shared in a fair, and hence self-enforcing, fashion among prosumers. Based on realistic demand and generation traces, we show that collaborative prosumption of energy through properly placed ESS can lead to significant savings of up to 50% compared to a non-cooperating setting.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"39 1","pages":"103-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88726587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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