Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007667
J. Lundén, S. Werner
Real-time smart metering facilitates, for example, balancing load and generation, load prediction, demand response, outage detection, and providing end-user feedback. In this paper, a real-time smart metering approach is proposed that aims to minimize the amount of communication for a given maximum error constraint. The proposed approach is based on the Shewhart change detection test. A local power measurement is transmitted to a central processing point of the grid if it differs more than a predefined threshold from the last transmitted power measurement. The expression for the average time to a new transmission is derived. Simulation results with both simulated and real measurement data are provided to illustrate the tracking performance and the reductions in the communication rate.
{"title":"Real-time smart metering with reduced communication and bounded error","authors":"J. Lundén, S. Werner","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007667","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time smart metering facilitates, for example, balancing load and generation, load prediction, demand response, outage detection, and providing end-user feedback. In this paper, a real-time smart metering approach is proposed that aims to minimize the amount of communication for a given maximum error constraint. The proposed approach is based on the Shewhart change detection test. A local power measurement is transmitted to a central processing point of the grid if it differs more than a predefined threshold from the last transmitted power measurement. The expression for the average time to a new transmission is derived. Simulation results with both simulated and real measurement data are provided to illustrate the tracking performance and the reductions in the communication rate.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"77 1 1","pages":"326-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89232170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007613
Xiaoqi Tan, Bo Sun, D. Tsang
Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations with battery swapping, as one promising energy supplement solution to cope with the increasing in EVs, demand a theoretical performance analysis framework. In this paper, we propose a queueing network model to serve as such a framework for battery swapping stations with a locally-charging mode. The model is a mixed queueing network with an open queue of EVs and a closed queue of batteries. Based on mild assumptions, we show the equilibrium equations for the queueing system, and the steady-state distribution is the solution of these finite equilibrium equations. In order to show the uniqueness of the solution, we prove the ergodicity of the system. Meanwhile, by leveraging the embedded Markov chain, we present an alternative yet much easier way to compute the steady-state distribution. Based on the steady-state distribution, various important performance indicators have been analytically determined. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the queueing network model and reveal rich insights for the infrastructure planning of practical battery swapping stations.
{"title":"Queueing network models for electric vehicle charging station with battery swapping","authors":"Xiaoqi Tan, Bo Sun, D. Tsang","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007613","url":null,"abstract":"Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations with battery swapping, as one promising energy supplement solution to cope with the increasing in EVs, demand a theoretical performance analysis framework. In this paper, we propose a queueing network model to serve as such a framework for battery swapping stations with a locally-charging mode. The model is a mixed queueing network with an open queue of EVs and a closed queue of batteries. Based on mild assumptions, we show the equilibrium equations for the queueing system, and the steady-state distribution is the solution of these finite equilibrium equations. In order to show the uniqueness of the solution, we prove the ergodicity of the system. Meanwhile, by leveraging the embedded Markov chain, we present an alternative yet much easier way to compute the steady-state distribution. Based on the steady-state distribution, various important performance indicators have been analytically determined. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the queueing network model and reveal rich insights for the infrastructure planning of practical battery swapping stations.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"83 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76790019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007701
H. Liu, R. Macwan, N. Alexander, Hao Zhu
With an ever increasing demand and depleting energy resources, there has been a growing interest in conserving energy, such as the conservation voltage reduction (CVR) program to reduce energy consumption by decreasing feeder voltage. Several utilities are conducting pilot projects on their feeder systems to determine the feasibility and actual CVR payoff. One major challenge in analyzing the CVR field test data lies in the uncertainty of the power system load and a variety of dependent factors encompassing temperature and time. This paper proposes a methodology to facilitate the CVR performance analysis at the utilities by accounting all potentially influential factors. A linear relation to model the system power demand is presented, which allows a sparse linear regression method to obtain its sensitivity parameter to voltage magnitude and accordingly to quantify the CVR payoff. All input factors can also be ranked according to their statistical influence on representing the power demand output. The proposed method is first tested and validated using synthetic CVR data simulated for a 13.8 kV distribution feeder using OpenDss. It is further tested using the field CVR test data provided by a major U.S. Midwest electric utility. Both tests demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method as well as the usefulness and validity of the input factor ranking.
{"title":"A methodology to analyze conservation voltage reduction performance using field test data","authors":"H. Liu, R. Macwan, N. Alexander, Hao Zhu","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007701","url":null,"abstract":"With an ever increasing demand and depleting energy resources, there has been a growing interest in conserving energy, such as the conservation voltage reduction (CVR) program to reduce energy consumption by decreasing feeder voltage. Several utilities are conducting pilot projects on their feeder systems to determine the feasibility and actual CVR payoff. One major challenge in analyzing the CVR field test data lies in the uncertainty of the power system load and a variety of dependent factors encompassing temperature and time. This paper proposes a methodology to facilitate the CVR performance analysis at the utilities by accounting all potentially influential factors. A linear relation to model the system power demand is presented, which allows a sparse linear regression method to obtain its sensitivity parameter to voltage magnitude and accordingly to quantify the CVR payoff. All input factors can also be ranked according to their statistical influence on representing the power demand output. The proposed method is first tested and validated using synthetic CVR data simulated for a 13.8 kV distribution feeder using OpenDss. It is further tested using the field CVR test data provided by a major U.S. Midwest electric utility. Both tests demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method as well as the usefulness and validity of the input factor ranking.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"101 1","pages":"529-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78377807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007751
Meng Wang, Pengzhi Gao, Scott G. Ghiocel, J. Chow, B. Fardanesh, G. Stefopoulos, Michael P. Razanousky
This paper presents a new framework of identifying cyber data attacks on synchrophasor measurements. We focus on detecting “unobservable” cyber data attacks that cannot be detected by any existing detection method that purely relies on measurements received at one time instant. Leveraging the approximate low-rank property of phasor measurement unit (PMU) data, we formulate the unobservable cyber attack identification problem as a matrix decomposition problem where the observed data matrix is the sum of a low-rank matrix plus a linear projection of a column-sparse matrix. We propose a convex-optimization-based decomposition method and provide its theoretical guarantee in the attack identification. Numerical experiments on actual PMU data and synthetic data are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Identification of “unobservable” cyber data attacks on power grids","authors":"Meng Wang, Pengzhi Gao, Scott G. Ghiocel, J. Chow, B. Fardanesh, G. Stefopoulos, Michael P. Razanousky","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007751","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new framework of identifying cyber data attacks on synchrophasor measurements. We focus on detecting “unobservable” cyber data attacks that cannot be detected by any existing detection method that purely relies on measurements received at one time instant. Leveraging the approximate low-rank property of phasor measurement unit (PMU) data, we formulate the unobservable cyber attack identification problem as a matrix decomposition problem where the observed data matrix is the sum of a low-rank matrix plus a linear projection of a column-sparse matrix. We propose a convex-optimization-based decomposition method and provide its theoretical guarantee in the attack identification. Numerical experiments on actual PMU data and synthetic data are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"11 1","pages":"830-835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72980067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007744
Seungil You, Qiuyu Peng
The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is fundamental to power system planing and operation. It is a non-convex optimization problem and the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation has been proposed recently. However, the SDP relaxation may give an infeasible solution to the original OPF problem. In this paper, we apply the alternating direction method of multiplier method to recover a feasible solution when the solution of the SDP relaxation is infeasible to the OPF problem. Specifically, the proposed procedure iterates between a convex optimization problem, and a non-convex optimization with the rank constraint. By exploiting the special structure of the rank constraint, we obtain a closed form solution of the non-convex optimization based on the singular value decomposition. As a result, we obtain a computationally tractable heuristic for the OPF problem. Although the convergence of the algorithm is not theoretically guaranteed, our simulations show that a feasible solution can be recovered using our method.
{"title":"A non-convex alternating direction method of multipliers heuristic for optimal power flow","authors":"Seungil You, Qiuyu Peng","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007744","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is fundamental to power system planing and operation. It is a non-convex optimization problem and the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation has been proposed recently. However, the SDP relaxation may give an infeasible solution to the original OPF problem. In this paper, we apply the alternating direction method of multiplier method to recover a feasible solution when the solution of the SDP relaxation is infeasible to the OPF problem. Specifically, the proposed procedure iterates between a convex optimization problem, and a non-convex optimization with the rank constraint. By exploiting the special structure of the rank constraint, we obtain a closed form solution of the non-convex optimization based on the singular value decomposition. As a result, we obtain a computationally tractable heuristic for the OPF problem. Although the convergence of the algorithm is not theoretically guaranteed, our simulations show that a feasible solution can be recovered using our method.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"31 8 1","pages":"788-793"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74203603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007691
G. Artale, A. Cataliotti, V. Cosentino, S. Guaiana, D. D. Cara, N. Panzavecchia, G. Tinè, R. Fiorelli
The aim of the paper is to show how narrowband power line communications (NB-PLCs) can be a valid solution for medium voltage grids. Advantages and drawbacks of this solution are analyzed, starting from some experimental communication results, which were carried out on the medium power system networks of the islands of Ustica and Favignana, in the presence of the net voltage. Furthermore, some communication architectures and hardware prototypes based on NB-PLCs are proposed for different smart grids applications.
{"title":"Narrowband power line communications for medium voltage Smart Grids","authors":"G. Artale, A. Cataliotti, V. Cosentino, S. Guaiana, D. D. Cara, N. Panzavecchia, G. Tinè, R. Fiorelli","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007691","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to show how narrowband power line communications (NB-PLCs) can be a valid solution for medium voltage grids. Advantages and drawbacks of this solution are analyzed, starting from some experimental communication results, which were carried out on the medium power system networks of the islands of Ustica and Favignana, in the presence of the net voltage. Furthermore, some communication architectures and hardware prototypes based on NB-PLCs are proposed for different smart grids applications.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"6 1","pages":"469-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73824101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007753
Yasunori Isozaki, S. Yoshizawa, Y. Fujimoto, H. Ishii, Isao Ono, T. Onoda, Y. Hayashi
In this paper, we consider the impact of cyber attacks on voltage regulation in distribution systems. We employ a centralized control scheme which utilizes voltage measurements from sectionizing switches equipped with sensors for connecting distributed generation. Through detailed case studies by simulations, it is demonstrated that if measurements are falsified by an attacker, voltage violation can occur in the system. However, by equipping the control with a detection algorithm, we verify that the damage can be limited especially when the number of attacked sensors is small. Further discussion is provided on how to enhance the security level of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"On detection of cyber attacks against voltage control in distribution power grids","authors":"Yasunori Isozaki, S. Yoshizawa, Y. Fujimoto, H. Ishii, Isao Ono, T. Onoda, Y. Hayashi","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007753","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the impact of cyber attacks on voltage regulation in distribution systems. We employ a centralized control scheme which utilizes voltage measurements from sectionizing switches equipped with sensors for connecting distributed generation. Through detailed case studies by simulations, it is demonstrated that if measurements are falsified by an attacker, voltage violation can occur in the system. However, by equipping the control with a detection algorithm, we verify that the damage can be limited especially when the number of attacked sensors is small. Further discussion is provided on how to enhance the security level of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"96 1","pages":"842-847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85230120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007656
Y. Kado, Akihiro Kobayashi, Makoto Kubomi, Yuma Nogami, Yasutaka Kawamoto
Data centers face problems with concerns about instability in power supply systems caused by sharp changes in load such as power consumption by servers and diversification patterns in their power consumption. We have investigated a method of switching power flows by using power semiconductors via economical 920-MHz band wireless communication to control rises and falls in power in real time as a solution to such problems. We fabricated a testbed and used it to test the basic operating sequence. We report basic guidelines for using this system to improve the real-time performance of an economical wireless communication system and a source routing technique to improve reliability.
{"title":"Application of economical 920-MHz band wireless communication to power routing in HVDC networks","authors":"Y. Kado, Akihiro Kobayashi, Makoto Kubomi, Yuma Nogami, Yasutaka Kawamoto","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007656","url":null,"abstract":"Data centers face problems with concerns about instability in power supply systems caused by sharp changes in load such as power consumption by servers and diversification patterns in their power consumption. We have investigated a method of switching power flows by using power semiconductors via economical 920-MHz band wireless communication to control rises and falls in power in real time as a solution to such problems. We fabricated a testbed and used it to test the basic operating sequence. We report basic guidelines for using this system to improve the real-time performance of an economical wireless communication system and a source routing technique to improve reliability.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"abs/1710.03959 1","pages":"260-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84526266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007724
Wei Yuan, Jianwei Huang, Y. Zhang
This paper considers the problem of charging station pricing and station selection of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Every PEV needs to select a charging station by considering the charging prices, waiting times, and travel distances. Each charging station optimizes its charging price based on the prediction of the PEVs' charging station selection decisions, in an attempt to maximize its profit. To obtain insights of such a highly coupled system, we consider a one-dimensional system with two charging stations and Poisson arriving PEVs. We propose a multi-leader-multi-follower Stackelberg game model, in which the charging stations (leaders) announce their charging prices in Stage I, and the PEVs (followers) make their charging station selections in Stage II. We show that there always exists a unique charging station selection equilibrium in Stage II, and such equilibrium depends on the price difference between the charging stations. We then characterize the sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the pricing equilibrium in Stage I. Unfortunately, it is hard to compute the pricing equilibrium in closed form. To overcome this challenge, we develop a low-complexity algorithm that efficiently computes the pricing equilibrium and the subgame perfect equilibrium of our Stackelberg game with no information exchange.
{"title":"Competitive charging station pricing for plug-in electric vehicles","authors":"Wei Yuan, Jianwei Huang, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007724","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the problem of charging station pricing and station selection of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Every PEV needs to select a charging station by considering the charging prices, waiting times, and travel distances. Each charging station optimizes its charging price based on the prediction of the PEVs' charging station selection decisions, in an attempt to maximize its profit. To obtain insights of such a highly coupled system, we consider a one-dimensional system with two charging stations and Poisson arriving PEVs. We propose a multi-leader-multi-follower Stackelberg game model, in which the charging stations (leaders) announce their charging prices in Stage I, and the PEVs (followers) make their charging station selections in Stage II. We show that there always exists a unique charging station selection equilibrium in Stage II, and such equilibrium depends on the price difference between the charging stations. We then characterize the sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the pricing equilibrium in Stage I. Unfortunately, it is hard to compute the pricing equilibrium in closed form. To overcome this challenge, we develop a low-complexity algorithm that efficiently computes the pricing equilibrium and the subgame perfect equilibrium of our Stackelberg game with no information exchange.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"15 1","pages":"668-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80267039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007628
Dariush Fooladivanda, C. Rosenberg, S. Garg
We focus on a region whose power system is controlled by an operator that relies on a regulation service to balance the total system supply to the total system load in quasi real-time. We consider the existing contractual framework in which a regulation unit declares its regulation parameters at the beginning of the contract, the operator guarantees that the regulation signals will be within the range of these parameters, and the regulation unit is rewarded proportionally to what it declares. Our purpose is twofold. We first want to obtain formulas for the regulation parameters that a unit with non-ideal storage should declare to the operator given its state of charge at the beginning of a contract. Second, we want to analytically quantify, ahead of time, the reward that such a unit could obtain in successive contracts by performing this regulation service. Since the state of charge at the beginning of a contract depends on what happened in the previous contract and, hence, is a random variable, we quantify this reward analytically using bounds and expectation. We then provide engineering insights by applying our results to three specific energy storage technologies that are often considered as candidates for regulation. In particular, we show the impact of the storage parameters and the length of one contract on the potential reward over a given period.
{"title":"An analysis of energy storage and regulation","authors":"Dariush Fooladivanda, C. Rosenberg, S. Garg","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007628","url":null,"abstract":"We focus on a region whose power system is controlled by an operator that relies on a regulation service to balance the total system supply to the total system load in quasi real-time. We consider the existing contractual framework in which a regulation unit declares its regulation parameters at the beginning of the contract, the operator guarantees that the regulation signals will be within the range of these parameters, and the regulation unit is rewarded proportionally to what it declares. Our purpose is twofold. We first want to obtain formulas for the regulation parameters that a unit with non-ideal storage should declare to the operator given its state of charge at the beginning of a contract. Second, we want to analytically quantify, ahead of time, the reward that such a unit could obtain in successive contracts by performing this regulation service. Since the state of charge at the beginning of a contract depends on what happened in the previous contract and, hence, is a random variable, we quantify this reward analytically using bounds and expectation. We then provide engineering insights by applying our results to three specific energy storage technologies that are often considered as candidates for regulation. In particular, we show the impact of the storage parameters and the length of one contract on the potential reward over a given period.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"28 1","pages":"91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80353343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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