Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007730
T. Le, B. Choi, Hao Liang, Hongwei Li, Xuemin Shen
The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) will have a significant impact on the demand response (DR) in smart grids (SGs). How to encourage EV users to voluntarily join vehicle-to-grid (V2G) market has been one of the significant challenges to SGs engineers and scientists. On the other hand, dealing with the randomness of renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) output is critical for microgrids to maintain their efficiency and reliability. In this work, a distributed charging and discharging scheduling scheme (DCD) for EVs in microgrids is proposed to provide electric vehicle (EV) users with energy cost reduction while promoting the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) by reducing the negative impact of highly intermittent characteristics of RESs. The comparison results based on the real measured renewable energy and load data show that the proposed scheme enables EVs to become promisingly important contributors to microgrids.
{"title":"DCD: Distributed charging and discharging scheme for EVs in microgrids","authors":"T. Le, B. Choi, Hao Liang, Hongwei Li, Xuemin Shen","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007730","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) will have a significant impact on the demand response (DR) in smart grids (SGs). How to encourage EV users to voluntarily join vehicle-to-grid (V2G) market has been one of the significant challenges to SGs engineers and scientists. On the other hand, dealing with the randomness of renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) output is critical for microgrids to maintain their efficiency and reliability. In this work, a distributed charging and discharging scheduling scheme (DCD) for EVs in microgrids is proposed to provide electric vehicle (EV) users with energy cost reduction while promoting the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) by reducing the negative impact of highly intermittent characteristics of RESs. The comparison results based on the real measured renewable energy and load data show that the proposed scheme enables EVs to become promisingly important contributors to microgrids.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"12 1","pages":"704-709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73082718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007738
Qingsi Wang, M. Liu, J. Mathieu
The capabilities of electric loads participating in load curtailment programs are often unknown until the loads have been told to curtail (i.e., deployed) and observed. In programs in which payments are made each time a load is deployed, we aim to pick the “best” loads to deploy in each time step. Our choice is a tradeoff between exploration and exploitation, i.e., curtailing poorly characterized loads in order to better characterize them in the hope of benefiting in the future versus curtailing well-characterized loads so that we benefit now. We formulate this problem as a multi-armed restless bandit problem with controlled bandits. In contrast to past work that has assumed all load parameters are known allowing the use of optimization approaches, we assume the parameters of the controlled system are unknown and develop an online learning approach. Our problem has two features not commonly addressed in the bandit literature: the arms/processes evolve according to different probabilistic laws depending on the control, and the reward/feedback observed by the decision-maker is the total realized curtailment, not the curtailment of each load. We develop an adaptive demand response learning algorithm and an extended version that works with aggregate feedback, both aimed at approximating the Whittle index policy. We show numerically that the regret of our algorithms with respect to the Whittle index policy is of logarithmic order in time, and significantly outperforms standard learning algorithms like UCB1.
{"title":"Adaptive demand response: Online learning of restless and controlled bandits","authors":"Qingsi Wang, M. Liu, J. Mathieu","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007738","url":null,"abstract":"The capabilities of electric loads participating in load curtailment programs are often unknown until the loads have been told to curtail (i.e., deployed) and observed. In programs in which payments are made each time a load is deployed, we aim to pick the “best” loads to deploy in each time step. Our choice is a tradeoff between exploration and exploitation, i.e., curtailing poorly characterized loads in order to better characterize them in the hope of benefiting in the future versus curtailing well-characterized loads so that we benefit now. We formulate this problem as a multi-armed restless bandit problem with controlled bandits. In contrast to past work that has assumed all load parameters are known allowing the use of optimization approaches, we assume the parameters of the controlled system are unknown and develop an online learning approach. Our problem has two features not commonly addressed in the bandit literature: the arms/processes evolve according to different probabilistic laws depending on the control, and the reward/feedback observed by the decision-maker is the total realized curtailment, not the curtailment of each load. We develop an adaptive demand response learning algorithm and an extended version that works with aggregate feedback, both aimed at approximating the Whittle index policy. We show numerically that the regret of our algorithms with respect to the Whittle index policy is of logarithmic order in time, and significantly outperforms standard learning algorithms like UCB1.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"47 1","pages":"752-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74737868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007663
M. Findrik, Jesper Groenbaek, R. Olsen
Current electrical grid is facing increased penetration of intermittent energy resources, in particular wind and solar energy. Fast variability of the power supply due to renewable energy resources can be balanced out using different energy storage systems or shifting the loads. Efficiently managing this fast flexibility requires two-way data exchange between a controller and sensors/meters via communication networks. In this paper we investigated scheduling of data collection utilizing meta-data from sensors that are describing dynamics of information. We show the applicability of this approach for a constraint communication networks of the smart grid and compared three general data access mechanisms, namely, push, pull and event-based.
{"title":"Scheduling data access in Smart Grid networks utilizing context information","authors":"M. Findrik, Jesper Groenbaek, R. Olsen","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007663","url":null,"abstract":"Current electrical grid is facing increased penetration of intermittent energy resources, in particular wind and solar energy. Fast variability of the power supply due to renewable energy resources can be balanced out using different energy storage systems or shifting the loads. Efficiently managing this fast flexibility requires two-way data exchange between a controller and sensors/meters via communication networks. In this paper we investigated scheduling of data collection utilizing meta-data from sensors that are describing dynamics of information. We show the applicability of this approach for a constraint communication networks of the smart grid and compared three general data access mechanisms, namely, push, pull and event-based.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"48 1","pages":"302-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80366878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007675
Obada Al-Khatib, Wibowo Hardjawana, B. Vucetic
The most challenging issue in Smart Grid (SG) communications is the management of a vast amount of SG traffic generated by large number of SG devices in the wireless access network. The wireless access network is leased by the electric utility from a telecommunications operator to connect power substations to numerous number of SG devices, such as phase monitoring units and smart meters. Thus, this access network, referred to as SG access network, carries both Human-to-Human (H2H) communications traffic and SG communications traffic. In this paper, we develop an analytical traffic model for a SG access network carrying H2H and SG traffic based on a priority queuing system. The SG traffic in the SG access network is classified as Fixed-Scheduling (FS) or Event-Driven (ED). The FS traffic is an operational traffic, which occurs on a periodic basis, such as smart meter readings. The ED traffic, which is assumed to have a higher priority, occurs as a response to electricity supply conditions, such as demand response. To date, we have not seen any traffic model for SG access networks, which considers the combination of periodic FS and random ED traffic in addition to H2H traffic. By using the proposed model, we derive expressions for the mean buffer length and mean queuing delay of each traffic. The derived expressions are validated by simulations of a wireless network model using real-world SG traffic profiles from the Ausgrid Smart Grid Smart City project and shown to agree well with the simulations.
{"title":"Queuing analysis for Smart Grid communications in wireless access networks","authors":"Obada Al-Khatib, Wibowo Hardjawana, B. Vucetic","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007675","url":null,"abstract":"The most challenging issue in Smart Grid (SG) communications is the management of a vast amount of SG traffic generated by large number of SG devices in the wireless access network. The wireless access network is leased by the electric utility from a telecommunications operator to connect power substations to numerous number of SG devices, such as phase monitoring units and smart meters. Thus, this access network, referred to as SG access network, carries both Human-to-Human (H2H) communications traffic and SG communications traffic. In this paper, we develop an analytical traffic model for a SG access network carrying H2H and SG traffic based on a priority queuing system. The SG traffic in the SG access network is classified as Fixed-Scheduling (FS) or Event-Driven (ED). The FS traffic is an operational traffic, which occurs on a periodic basis, such as smart meter readings. The ED traffic, which is assumed to have a higher priority, occurs as a response to electricity supply conditions, such as demand response. To date, we have not seen any traffic model for SG access networks, which considers the combination of periodic FS and random ED traffic in addition to H2H traffic. By using the proposed model, we derive expressions for the mean buffer length and mean queuing delay of each traffic. The derived expressions are validated by simulations of a wireless network model using real-world SG traffic profiles from the Ausgrid Smart Grid Smart City project and shown to agree well with the simulations.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"17 1","pages":"374-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73649692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007720
Pratyush Chakraborty, P. Khargonekar
Increased variability in power generation due to large scale integration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power is a significant technical challenge in power systems operations and control. In addition, there is a compelling value in reducing the peak demand since it occurs only for a small fraction of time, while the power system is designed to reliably satisfy the peak demand. One promising approach to reduce variability of renewable generation and peak demand is to harness the inherent flexibility of electric power loads of consumers. Efficient control techniques are required to manage flexibility in consumer demands. Advancements in sensing, communications and computational technologies infused into the power system resulting in the cyber-physical-social electric grid, are creating opportunities for novel control solutions. In this paper, we first formulate a centralized demand side management approach. Next, we consider a decentralized approach for controlling the loads where the flexible load consumers play a non-cooperative game among each other. We show that Nash equilibria exist for this game. Our main technical result is that the demand response game in decentralized approach has the property of being a valid monotone utility game. This in turn leads to robust lower bounds on the price of anarchy (POA) for our game.
{"title":"A demand response game and its robust price of anarchy","authors":"Pratyush Chakraborty, P. Khargonekar","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007720","url":null,"abstract":"Increased variability in power generation due to large scale integration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power is a significant technical challenge in power systems operations and control. In addition, there is a compelling value in reducing the peak demand since it occurs only for a small fraction of time, while the power system is designed to reliably satisfy the peak demand. One promising approach to reduce variability of renewable generation and peak demand is to harness the inherent flexibility of electric power loads of consumers. Efficient control techniques are required to manage flexibility in consumer demands. Advancements in sensing, communications and computational technologies infused into the power system resulting in the cyber-physical-social electric grid, are creating opportunities for novel control solutions. In this paper, we first formulate a centralized demand side management approach. Next, we consider a decentralized approach for controlling the loads where the flexible load consumers play a non-cooperative game among each other. We show that Nash equilibria exist for this game. Our main technical result is that the demand response game in decentralized approach has the property of being a valid monotone utility game. This in turn leads to robust lower bounds on the price of anarchy (POA) for our game.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"27 1","pages":"644-649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75166481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007735
A. Anastopoulou, I. Koutsopoulos, G. Stamoulis
In this paper we model and analyze Nega-Watt markets, in which a utility operator wishes to curtail some amount of demand load during peak hours, in order to save energy generation costs. The problem for the operator is to select the consumers and the portions of demand load to curtail from each consumer. The major novelty in this setup stems from the arising uncertainty due to consumer non-engagement: even if an a priori agreement is reached between the operator and a consumer about the load to curtail, it is entirely up to the consumer to consume the load or not. The second element that makes the problem different from other markets is the incentive design per se. The operator needs to employ a two-branch incentive, that is, provide consumers with a reward if they actually curtail the load and charge them a fine if they do not. We study various instances of operator-consumers interaction such as bilateral negotiation through non-cooperative games and Stackelberg-game-like interactions. Our results reveal interesting insights about the impact of the arising consumer competition and the consumer-operator interaction on the expected benefits for the operator and the consumers.
{"title":"Efficient incentive-driven consumption curtailment mechanisms in Nega-Watt markets","authors":"A. Anastopoulou, I. Koutsopoulos, G. Stamoulis","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007735","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we model and analyze Nega-Watt markets, in which a utility operator wishes to curtail some amount of demand load during peak hours, in order to save energy generation costs. The problem for the operator is to select the consumers and the portions of demand load to curtail from each consumer. The major novelty in this setup stems from the arising uncertainty due to consumer non-engagement: even if an a priori agreement is reached between the operator and a consumer about the load to curtail, it is entirely up to the consumer to consume the load or not. The second element that makes the problem different from other markets is the incentive design per se. The operator needs to employ a two-branch incentive, that is, provide consumers with a reward if they actually curtail the load and charge them a fine if they do not. We study various instances of operator-consumers interaction such as bilateral negotiation through non-cooperative games and Stackelberg-game-like interactions. Our results reveal interesting insights about the impact of the arising consumer competition and the consumer-operator interaction on the expected benefits for the operator and the consumers.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"7 1","pages":"734-739"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76543907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007635
H. T. Nguyen, L. Le
In this paper, we consider the energy management for a building microgrid considering a probabilistic constraint on the renewable energy utilization. Facilitated by the microgrid technology with integrated renewable energy resources, we assume that the building microgrid can participate in the electricity market to efficiently utilize the renewable energy and reduce electricity cost. In this paper, we develop an optimal energy management framework for the building microgrid considering various building loads, renewable energy, storage facility, and a natural gas combined heat and power (CHP) system. In addition, we employ the chance constrained and two-stage stochastic programming approach in our design to ensure efficient utilization of the renewable energy and to capture various system uncertainties. The proposed solution addresses the risk that available renewable energy may not be fully utilized due to its intermittent nature. Extensive numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed design.
{"title":"Optimal energy management for building microgrid with constrained renewable energy utilization","authors":"H. T. Nguyen, L. Le","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007635","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the energy management for a building microgrid considering a probabilistic constraint on the renewable energy utilization. Facilitated by the microgrid technology with integrated renewable energy resources, we assume that the building microgrid can participate in the electricity market to efficiently utilize the renewable energy and reduce electricity cost. In this paper, we develop an optimal energy management framework for the building microgrid considering various building loads, renewable energy, storage facility, and a natural gas combined heat and power (CHP) system. In addition, we employ the chance constrained and two-stage stochastic programming approach in our design to ensure efficient utilization of the renewable energy and to capture various system uncertainties. The proposed solution addresses the risk that available renewable energy may not be fully utilized due to its intermittent nature. Extensive numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed design.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"7 1","pages":"133-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85645654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007761
R. Berthier, D. Urbina, A. Cárdenas, Michael Guerrero, U. Herberg, Jorjeta G. Jetcheva, D. Mashima, J. Huh, R. Bobba
Encryption is a key ingredient in the preservation of the confidentiality of network communications but can also be at odds with the mission of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSes) to monitor traffic. This affects Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMIs) too where the scale of the network and the sensitivity of communication make deploying IDSes along with encryption solutions mandatory. In this paper, we study four different approaches for reconciling the twin goals of confidentiality and monitoring by investigating their practical use on a set of real-world packet-level traces collected at an operational AMI network.
{"title":"On the practicality of detecting anomalies with encrypted traffic in AMI","authors":"R. Berthier, D. Urbina, A. Cárdenas, Michael Guerrero, U. Herberg, Jorjeta G. Jetcheva, D. Mashima, J. Huh, R. Bobba","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007761","url":null,"abstract":"Encryption is a key ingredient in the preservation of the confidentiality of network communications but can also be at odds with the mission of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSes) to monitor traffic. This affects Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMIs) too where the scale of the network and the sensitivity of communication make deploying IDSes along with encryption solutions mandatory. In this paper, we study four different approaches for reconciling the twin goals of confidentiality and monitoring by investigating their practical use on a set of real-world packet-level traces collected at an operational AMI network.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"9 1","pages":"890-895"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78359779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007619
Junhao Lin, V. Li, Ka-Cheong Leung, Albert Y. S. Lam
Power flow routing is an emerging control paradigm for the dynamic and responsive control of electric power flows. In this paper, we investigate the design and modelling of the power flow router (PFR) which is a major building block of power flow routing. First, a generic PFR architecture is proposed to encapsulate the desired functions of PFRs. Then, the load flow model of PFRs is developed and incorporated into the optimal power flow (OPF) framework. Based on the load flow model, the control capabilities of PFR, such as decoupled branch power flows and enlarged flow regions, are analysed. With particular attention to available transfer capability (ATC), an OPF study on the standard IEEE benchmark systems with 14, 57, and 118 buses has been performed to show that ATC can be enhanced remarkably by installing the proposed PFRs at some critical buses of the power network.
{"title":"Architectural design and load flow study of power flow routers","authors":"Junhao Lin, V. Li, Ka-Cheong Leung, Albert Y. S. Lam","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007619","url":null,"abstract":"Power flow routing is an emerging control paradigm for the dynamic and responsive control of electric power flows. In this paper, we investigate the design and modelling of the power flow router (PFR) which is a major building block of power flow routing. First, a generic PFR architecture is proposed to encapsulate the desired functions of PFRs. Then, the load flow model of PFRs is developed and incorporated into the optimal power flow (OPF) framework. Based on the load flow model, the control capabilities of PFR, such as decoupled branch power flows and enlarged flow regions, are analysed. With particular attention to available transfer capability (ATC), an OPF study on the standard IEEE benchmark systems with 14, 57, and 118 buses has been performed to show that ATC can be enhanced remarkably by installing the proposed PFRs at some critical buses of the power network.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"10 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86662334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007742
Khalid Al-Jabery, D. Wunsch, Jinjun Xiong, Yiyu Shi
This paper describes a novel technique for controlling demand-side management (DSM) by optimizing the power consumed by Domestic Electric Water Heaters (DEWH) while maintaining customer satisfaction. The system has 18 states based on three factors: instantaneous grid load, water consumption, and the temperature of the water supplied. The current state of the system is defined based on its fuzzy membership for each factor. The resulting model represents a Semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) with two possible actions, “On” and “Off.” Rewards are assigned for each action-state pairs proportionally to the fuzzy membership of the system in the new state. A simulation study was conducted to compare the proposed method with three previous approaches. The proposed method demonstrated better performance in reducing the overall grid power demand and flattening its peaks. Furthermore, it provides better rate of customers' satisfaction than the uncontrolled operation.
{"title":"A novel grid load management technique using electric water heaters and Q-learning","authors":"Khalid Al-Jabery, D. Wunsch, Jinjun Xiong, Yiyu Shi","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007742","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a novel technique for controlling demand-side management (DSM) by optimizing the power consumed by Domestic Electric Water Heaters (DEWH) while maintaining customer satisfaction. The system has 18 states based on three factors: instantaneous grid load, water consumption, and the temperature of the water supplied. The current state of the system is defined based on its fuzzy membership for each factor. The resulting model represents a Semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) with two possible actions, “On” and “Off.” Rewards are assigned for each action-state pairs proportionally to the fuzzy membership of the system in the new state. A simulation study was conducted to compare the proposed method with three previous approaches. The proposed method demonstrated better performance in reducing the overall grid power demand and flattening its peaks. Furthermore, it provides better rate of customers' satisfaction than the uncontrolled operation.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"19 1","pages":"776-781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90564140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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