Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007638
Steffen Thielemans, D. D. Zenobio, K. Steenhaut
The paper illustrates the idea developed in a European PSP-ICT project, named EDISON, proposing advanced ICT solutions for Solid State Lamps (SSLs) control and energy saving actions. The EDISON System is based on very efficient DC power supply modules feeding Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps - The proposed solution permits to increase the energy saving resulting from LED lamps application, and to implement a control network on the existing lighting infrastructure, without additional cabling. The smart components are very simple commercial products primarily devoted to the light control and dimming. This paper presents the architecture of the proposed system, its effectiveness in saving energy and the possibility to extend the control to services other than lighting. The EDISON solution has been implemented in more than 20 Pilots, in different countries in Europe (Italy, UK, Belgium). All the pilots are running and the results demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed technical approach. (http://www.project-edison.eu).
{"title":"Lighting in the building: A DC Smart Grid","authors":"Steffen Thielemans, D. D. Zenobio, K. Steenhaut","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007638","url":null,"abstract":"The paper illustrates the idea developed in a European PSP-ICT project, named EDISON, proposing advanced ICT solutions for Solid State Lamps (SSLs) control and energy saving actions. The EDISON System is based on very efficient DC power supply modules feeding Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps - The proposed solution permits to increase the energy saving resulting from LED lamps application, and to implement a control network on the existing lighting infrastructure, without additional cabling. The smart components are very simple commercial products primarily devoted to the light control and dimming. This paper presents the architecture of the proposed system, its effectiveness in saving energy and the possibility to extend the control to services other than lighting. The EDISON solution has been implemented in more than 20 Pilots, in different countries in Europe (Italy, UK, Belgium). All the pilots are running and the results demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed technical approach. (http://www.project-edison.eu).","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"214 1","pages":"151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73002466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007624
A. Hadbah, T. Ustun, Akhtar Kalam
Digital Technology has significantly contributed to the advancement of Protection and Automation gear; recent years have witnessed a great development of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) which can be described as multipurpose and multifunctional relays. These devices are fitted with various communication interfaces such as serial and Ethernet. Proprietary protocols for the communication of IEDs are no longer sufficient. Hence, protocols such as IEC1850, which utilize Ethernet networks, were developed to harness the full potential of IED-to-IED communication, as well as to standardise all aspects of Control and Automation communication functions. However, connecting several IEDs from different vendors via IEC 61850 standard and configuring them is not a trivial task. Various parameters should be known and inputted to communication software. This paper illustrates how IEC61850 based Protection IEDs are deployed, configured and managed over Omicron's IEDScout software. Victoria University's portable IEC 61850 test rack which is composed of several IEDs has been utilized in this research work. It provides valuable hands-on experiences to researchers and professionals who would like to keep abreast with IEC61850 standard and the equipment which is compatible with it. There many vendors with many Software packages to interact with relays and carry out the necessary configuration. Future work will discuss other substation automation packages and procedures.
{"title":"Using IEDScout software for managing multivendor IEC61850 IEDs in substation automation systems","authors":"A. Hadbah, T. Ustun, Akhtar Kalam","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007624","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Technology has significantly contributed to the advancement of Protection and Automation gear; recent years have witnessed a great development of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) which can be described as multipurpose and multifunctional relays. These devices are fitted with various communication interfaces such as serial and Ethernet. Proprietary protocols for the communication of IEDs are no longer sufficient. Hence, protocols such as IEC1850, which utilize Ethernet networks, were developed to harness the full potential of IED-to-IED communication, as well as to standardise all aspects of Control and Automation communication functions. However, connecting several IEDs from different vendors via IEC 61850 standard and configuring them is not a trivial task. Various parameters should be known and inputted to communication software. This paper illustrates how IEC61850 based Protection IEDs are deployed, configured and managed over Omicron's IEDScout software. Victoria University's portable IEC 61850 test rack which is composed of several IEDs has been utilized in this research work. It provides valuable hands-on experiences to researchers and professionals who would like to keep abreast with IEC61850 standard and the equipment which is compatible with it. There many vendors with many Software packages to interact with relays and carry out the necessary configuration. Future work will discuss other substation automation packages and procedures.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"10 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81802116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007645
Martin Büscher, Arno Claassen, M. Kube, S. Lehnhoff, Klaus Piech, S. Rohjans, Stefan Scherfke, C. Steinbrink, Jorge Velasquez, Francois Tempez, Yahia Bouzid
Although, a variety of established tools for analysis of power systems already exists, it is in the medium term very unlikely that one of these tools alone will provide all functionalities and models that are required to simulate future Smart Grids in all its facets. This is mainly due to the high number of Smart Grid use cases, actors, and technologies to be integrated that is not known from other industries so far. Accordingly, a mixture of various different and established tools will be required. These, again, have to be composed in use cases specific to complex and system-wide scenarios. Therefore, tools such as simulation platforms and suites are required that are additionally capable of integrating software and hardware models and components. Therefore, the proposed approach is an integrated concept allowing for analyzing large-scale scenarios taking into consideration both, stationary and dynamic simulations in real-time.
{"title":"Integrated Smart Grid simulations for generic automation architectures with RT-LAB and mosaik","authors":"Martin Büscher, Arno Claassen, M. Kube, S. Lehnhoff, Klaus Piech, S. Rohjans, Stefan Scherfke, C. Steinbrink, Jorge Velasquez, Francois Tempez, Yahia Bouzid","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007645","url":null,"abstract":"Although, a variety of established tools for analysis of power systems already exists, it is in the medium term very unlikely that one of these tools alone will provide all functionalities and models that are required to simulate future Smart Grids in all its facets. This is mainly due to the high number of Smart Grid use cases, actors, and technologies to be integrated that is not known from other industries so far. Accordingly, a mixture of various different and established tools will be required. These, again, have to be composed in use cases specific to complex and system-wide scenarios. Therefore, tools such as simulation platforms and suites are required that are additionally capable of integrating software and hardware models and components. Therefore, the proposed approach is an integrated concept allowing for analyzing large-scale scenarios taking into consideration both, stationary and dynamic simulations in real-time.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"76 1","pages":"194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85342484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007668
A. Sendin, I. Kim, Simone Bois, Andrés Muñoz, Asier Llano
In this paper an overview of the PRIME specification v1.4 is given. In this new version, many additional features have been defined at both PHY and MAC layers to improve the existing PRIME technology and prepare it for LV grid enhanced operation. The communication robustness has been increased thanks to the innovative robust transmission modes especially designed to maintain a low system complexity. Furthermore, a backward compatibility mechanism allows taking advantage of the robust modes also on the existing networks based on PRIME v1.3.6. Within FCC and ARIB regulations, a channelization of the frequencies up to 500 kHz gives a high degree of flexibility in the bandwidth usage permitting to increase the system throughput or the coexistence of different services on the same network. Due to these unique features, the PRIME standard is ready for worldwide Smart Grid applications.
{"title":"PRIME v1.4 evolution: A future proof of reality beyond metering","authors":"A. Sendin, I. Kim, Simone Bois, Andrés Muñoz, Asier Llano","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007668","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an overview of the PRIME specification v1.4 is given. In this new version, many additional features have been defined at both PHY and MAC layers to improve the existing PRIME technology and prepare it for LV grid enhanced operation. The communication robustness has been increased thanks to the innovative robust transmission modes especially designed to maintain a low system complexity. Furthermore, a backward compatibility mechanism allows taking advantage of the robust modes also on the existing networks based on PRIME v1.3.6. Within FCC and ARIB regulations, a channelization of the frequencies up to 500 kHz gives a high degree of flexibility in the bandwidth usage permitting to increase the system throughput or the coexistence of different services on the same network. Due to these unique features, the PRIME standard is ready for worldwide Smart Grid applications.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"95 1 1","pages":"332-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91084686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007762
Seemita Pal, B. Sikdar, J. Chow
The importance of phasor measurement unit (PMU) or synchrophasor data towards the functioning of real-time monitoring and control of power generation and distribution systems makes them an attractive target for cyber-attacks. An attack with potential for significant damage is the packet drop attack, where the adversary arbitrarily drops packets with synchrophasor data. This paper develops a real-time mechanism for detecting packet drop attacks on synchrophasor data carried over the Internet. The proposed solution is receiver-based, and uses the one-way packet delays to extract features that are used to detect attacks. The proposed attack detection mechanism leads to lower detection delays and greater accuracy as compared to existing mechanisms.
{"title":"Real-time detection of packet drop attacks on synchrophasor data","authors":"Seemita Pal, B. Sikdar, J. Chow","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007762","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of phasor measurement unit (PMU) or synchrophasor data towards the functioning of real-time monitoring and control of power generation and distribution systems makes them an attractive target for cyber-attacks. An attack with potential for significant damage is the packet drop attack, where the adversary arbitrarily drops packets with synchrophasor data. This paper develops a real-time mechanism for detecting packet drop attacks on synchrophasor data carried over the Internet. The proposed solution is receiver-based, and uses the one-way packet delays to extract features that are used to detect attacks. The proposed attack detection mechanism leads to lower detection delays and greater accuracy as compared to existing mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"79 3 1","pages":"896-901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89256450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007743
U. Herberg, D. Mashima, Jorjeta G. Jetcheva, Sanam Mirzazad-Barijough
OpenADR 2.0, an internationally-recognized standard for Automated Demand Response (ADR), defines the interaction between an ADR server and client, but does not specify all the possible multi-tier deployment architectures that are valid relative to the standard's specification. In this paper, we analyze the properties of a number of OpenADR-based architectures that have been proposed for deployment by ADR vendors, in terms of interoperability (compliance with the standard), scalability, complexity, and security, with the goal of helping utilities and third party DR aggregators make informed decisions about their planned ADR deployments to ensure high performing, future-proof, and secure DR services.
{"title":"OpenADR 2.0 deployment architectures: Options and implications","authors":"U. Herberg, D. Mashima, Jorjeta G. Jetcheva, Sanam Mirzazad-Barijough","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007743","url":null,"abstract":"OpenADR 2.0, an internationally-recognized standard for Automated Demand Response (ADR), defines the interaction between an ADR server and client, but does not specify all the possible multi-tier deployment architectures that are valid relative to the standard's specification. In this paper, we analyze the properties of a number of OpenADR-based architectures that have been proposed for deployment by ADR vendors, in terms of interoperability (compliance with the standard), scalability, complexity, and security, with the goal of helping utilities and third party DR aggregators make informed decisions about their planned ADR deployments to ensure high performing, future-proof, and secure DR services.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"23 1","pages":"782-787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83058987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007773
Abdallah K. Farraj, Eman M. Hammad, Jin Wei, D. Kundur, K. Butler-Purry
A flocking-based control strategy has recently been proposed to stabilize power systems during transient instability. The flocking paradigm offers a rich understanding of the coupling and interactions between the cyber and physical system components and employs this insight to build more intelligent distributed control schemes. This article investigates the performance of flocking-based control in the presence of nonideal practical measurement, communication and storage constraints. We identify intrinsic design tradeoffs that exist between measurement parameters and communication specifications to achieve a specific level of controller performance.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of flocking-based distributed cyber-physical control for Smart Grid","authors":"Abdallah K. Farraj, Eman M. Hammad, Jin Wei, D. Kundur, K. Butler-Purry","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007773","url":null,"abstract":"A flocking-based control strategy has recently been proposed to stabilize power systems during transient instability. The flocking paradigm offers a rich understanding of the coupling and interactions between the cyber and physical system components and employs this insight to build more intelligent distributed control schemes. This article investigates the performance of flocking-based control in the presence of nonideal practical measurement, communication and storage constraints. We identify intrinsic design tradeoffs that exist between measurement parameters and communication specifications to achieve a specific level of controller performance.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"87 1","pages":"964-969"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83398540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007732
Pengcheng You, Zaiyue Yang
This paper investigates the scheduling problem of an intermediary charging station with multiple electric vehicles (EV) in real-time electricity pricing environment. A charging aggregator (CA) is in charge to coordinate EVs' charging so that all EVs' requirements are met and meanwhile the total social cost is minimized. Besides, a new charging mechanism named Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) is proposed to take full advantage of every EV's battery energy. Due to the binary state of EVs, i.e., charging and discharging, scheduling of the charging station is formulated as a constrained mixed-integer linear program (MILP). A distributed algorithm is applied to solve the problem by means of dual decomposition and Benders decomposition. Therefore, scheduling is carried out on each EV and coordinated by the CA. Numerical results show efficiency of the proposed approach and validate our theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Efficient optimal scheduling of charging station with multiple electric vehicles via V2V","authors":"Pengcheng You, Zaiyue Yang","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007732","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the scheduling problem of an intermediary charging station with multiple electric vehicles (EV) in real-time electricity pricing environment. A charging aggregator (CA) is in charge to coordinate EVs' charging so that all EVs' requirements are met and meanwhile the total social cost is minimized. Besides, a new charging mechanism named Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) is proposed to take full advantage of every EV's battery energy. Due to the binary state of EVs, i.e., charging and discharging, scheduling of the charging station is formulated as a constrained mixed-integer linear program (MILP). A distributed algorithm is applied to solve the problem by means of dual decomposition and Benders decomposition. Therefore, scheduling is carried out on each EV and coordinated by the CA. Numerical results show efficiency of the proposed approach and validate our theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"34 1","pages":"716-721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84024678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007623
Fumi Kanayama, Yasuyuki Nishibayashi, Yuki Yonezawa, Yusuke Doi
In this paper, we introduce a communication middleware and its implementation on two kinds of inverters. This middleware provides services of an automatic and dynamic network configuration (plug-and-play) and operation mode/master switching for distributed cooperative control of electric facilities. Energy end-nodes such as photovoltaic (PV) or batteries are clustered by the middleware to form a larger power conversion system. We made two types of prototypes and compared them. The first implementation was based on an embedded processor of a commercial inverter and the other was based on an ARM/Linux control board that will be attached on the aforementioned inverter. Though both worked well, Linux and its powerful, free software offered certain advantages in terms of design and operation. Loosely coupled design was applied to an abstraction layer of an open-source framework ZeroMQ, and a standardized message format JSON with its library JSON-C were employed for the middleware. They contribute flexibility for various applications in the smart grid. A demonstration with five prototype inverters showed that our concept and implementation work well.
{"title":"Development of autonomous power electronics products with communication middleware","authors":"Fumi Kanayama, Yasuyuki Nishibayashi, Yuki Yonezawa, Yusuke Doi","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2014.7007623","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce a communication middleware and its implementation on two kinds of inverters. This middleware provides services of an automatic and dynamic network configuration (plug-and-play) and operation mode/master switching for distributed cooperative control of electric facilities. Energy end-nodes such as photovoltaic (PV) or batteries are clustered by the middleware to form a larger power conversion system. We made two types of prototypes and compared them. The first implementation was based on an embedded processor of a commercial inverter and the other was based on an ARM/Linux control board that will be attached on the aforementioned inverter. Though both worked well, Linux and its powerful, free software offered certain advantages in terms of design and operation. Loosely coupled design was applied to an abstraction layer of an open-source framework ZeroMQ, and a standardized message format JSON with its library JSON-C were employed for the middleware. They contribute flexibility for various applications in the smart grid. A demonstration with five prototype inverters showed that our concept and implementation work well.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"33 3 1","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78549322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRIDCOMM.2014.7007718
Mohammad R. Vedady Moghadam, Rui Zhang, Richard T. B. Ma
In this paper, we investigate real-time pricing for a power grid operator that sells electric power to a set of self-interested aggregators within a particular day, named actual day. We propose a real-time pricing scheme for the grid operator to manage demand response (DR) of aggregators upon a contingency of supply deficiency. Under our scheme, the grid operator offers real-time discounted electricity prices to aggregators in order to incentivize them to reschedule their day-ahead demands over time. We formulate a bilevel optimization problem, named bilevel discount pricing problem (BDPP), to design discounted electricity prices for the grid operator so as to minimize its residual cost, defined as the sum of operational costs from the contingency up to the end of the actual day. We further derive the equivalent one-level optimization problem of BDPP, named one-level discount pricing problem (ODPP). Since both BDPP and ODPP are non-convex optimization problems, it is difficult to solve them globally optimally. Alternatively, we develop a sequential convex programming (SCP) based algorithm to solve ODPP locally optimally. We also propose a randomized search (RS) based algorithm to heuristically solve BDPP. Last, we compare performances of algorithms using a numerical example based on the Singapore power grid data, from which we observe that the residual cost of the grid operator reduces remarkably while aggregators pay less bills after rescheduling. Moreover, algorithms converge in an efficient time, e.g., a couple of minutes. Hence, our pricing scheme can manage DR of aggregators in real time to provide a cost-efficient secondary reserve service.
{"title":"Demand response for contingency management via real-time pricing in Smart Grids","authors":"Mohammad R. Vedady Moghadam, Rui Zhang, Richard T. B. Ma","doi":"10.1109/SMARTGRIDCOMM.2014.7007718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGRIDCOMM.2014.7007718","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate real-time pricing for a power grid operator that sells electric power to a set of self-interested aggregators within a particular day, named actual day. We propose a real-time pricing scheme for the grid operator to manage demand response (DR) of aggregators upon a contingency of supply deficiency. Under our scheme, the grid operator offers real-time discounted electricity prices to aggregators in order to incentivize them to reschedule their day-ahead demands over time. We formulate a bilevel optimization problem, named bilevel discount pricing problem (BDPP), to design discounted electricity prices for the grid operator so as to minimize its residual cost, defined as the sum of operational costs from the contingency up to the end of the actual day. We further derive the equivalent one-level optimization problem of BDPP, named one-level discount pricing problem (ODPP). Since both BDPP and ODPP are non-convex optimization problems, it is difficult to solve them globally optimally. Alternatively, we develop a sequential convex programming (SCP) based algorithm to solve ODPP locally optimally. We also propose a randomized search (RS) based algorithm to heuristically solve BDPP. Last, we compare performances of algorithms using a numerical example based on the Singapore power grid data, from which we observe that the residual cost of the grid operator reduces remarkably while aggregators pay less bills after rescheduling. Moreover, algorithms converge in an efficient time, e.g., a couple of minutes. Hence, our pricing scheme can manage DR of aggregators in real time to provide a cost-efficient secondary reserve service.","PeriodicalId":6499,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":"18 1","pages":"632-637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72683695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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