Pub Date : 2020-10-21DOI: 10.4236/abb.2020.1110031
V. Dougnon, E. Hounsa, H. Koudokpon, B. B. Legba, K. Fabiyi, Kevin Sintondji, Anny Afaton, M. Akouta, J. Klotoé, H. Bankolé, L. Baba-Moussa, J. Dougnon
The rise in antimicrobial resistance increases researchers’ interest in medicinal plants used for traditional treatment of infectious diseases. The study is based on ten (10) medicinal plants mostly cited in the treatment of diarrhea in West Africa: Khaya senegalensis, Anacardium ouest L., Cassia sieberiana DC., Pterocarpus erinaceus, Diospyros mespiliformis, Ocimum gratissimum, Manihot esculenta, Vernonia amygdalina Delile, Pseudocedrela kotschyi, Daniellia oliveri. The objective is to make a review on ethnopharmacological, pharmacological, toxicological and chemical data that enhance these medicinal plants in the fight against diarrheal infections. Specific keywords were used for bibliographic research in Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and other databases. Generalities relating to diarrheal infections and scientific data on the ten selected plants in the fight against diarrheal infections were sought. From the results, it emerges that each of the ten plants has been listed as useful in the traditional treatment of diarrheal infections. Antibacterial tests showed their effectiveness on several bacterial strains responsible for bacterial infections. The chemical components identified as responsible for the activity of medicinal plants belong to the groups of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and others. An optimal use of these medicinal plants in the fight against diarrheal infections requires deep pharmacological, chemical and toxicological studies.
{"title":"A Literature Review—Khaya senegalensis, Anacardium ouest L., Cassia sieberiana DC., Pterocarpus erinaceus, Diospyros mespiliformis, Ocimum gratissimum, Manihot esculenta, Vernonia amygdalina Delile, Pseudocedrela kotschyi and Daniellia oliveri Possess Properties for Managing Infectious Diarrhea","authors":"V. Dougnon, E. Hounsa, H. Koudokpon, B. B. Legba, K. Fabiyi, Kevin Sintondji, Anny Afaton, M. Akouta, J. Klotoé, H. Bankolé, L. Baba-Moussa, J. Dougnon","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.1110031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.1110031","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in antimicrobial resistance increases \u0000researchers’ interest in medicinal plants used for traditional treatment of infectious diseases. \u0000The study is based on ten (10) medicinal plants mostly cited in the treatment \u0000of diarrhea in West Africa: Khaya senegalensis, Anacardium ouest L., Cassia sieberiana DC., Pterocarpus erinaceus, Diospyros mespiliformis, Ocimum gratissimum, Manihot esculenta, Vernonia \u0000amygdalina Delile, Pseudocedrela \u0000kotschyi, Daniellia oliveri. The objective is to make a review on \u0000ethnopharmacological, pharmacological, toxicological and chemical data that \u0000enhance these medicinal plants in the fight against diarrheal infections. Specific \u0000keywords were used for bibliographic research in Google Scholar, Science \u0000Direct, PubMed Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and other databases. \u0000Generalities relating to diarrheal infections and scientific data on the ten \u0000selected plants in the fight against diarrheal infections were sought. From the \u0000results, it emerges that each of the ten plants has been listed as useful in \u0000the traditional treatment of diarrheal infections. Antibacterial tests showed \u0000their effectiveness on several bacterial strains responsible for bacterial \u0000infections. The chemical components identified as responsible for the activity \u0000of medicinal plants belong to the groups of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, \u0000tannins and others. An optimal use of these medicinal plants in the fight \u0000against diarrheal infections requires deep pharmacological, chemical and \u0000toxicological studies.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45532766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biological hydrogen generating from fermentation of low-cost lignocellulosic feedstocks by hydrogen-producing bacteria has attracted many attentions in recent years. In the present investigation, ten hydrogen-producing bacteria were newly isolated from the intestine of wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), and identified belonging to the genera of Enterobacter and Klebsiella based on analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence and examination of the physiological and biochemical characteristics. All the isolates inherently owned the ability to metabolize xylose especially the cotton stalk hydrolysate for hydrogen production with hydrogen yield (HY) higher than 100 mL·L-1. In particular, two isolates, WL1306 and WL1305 obtained higher HY, hydrogen production rate (HPR), and hydrogen production potential (HPP) using cotton stalk hydrolysate as sugar substrate than the mixed sugar of glucose & xylose, which obtained the HY of 249.5 ± 29.0, 397.0 ± 36.7 mL·L-1, HPR of 10.4 ± 1.2, 16.5 ± 1.5 mL·L-1·h-1, HPP of 19.5 ± 2.3, 31.0 ± 2.8 mL·L-1·g-1sugar, separately. The generation of soluble metabolites, such as the lactate, formate, acetate, succinate and ethanol reflected the mixed acid fermentation properties of the hydrogen production pathway.
{"title":"Fermentative Biohydrogen Production with Enteric Bacteria Isolated from the Intestine of Wild Common Carp Dwelling in Tarim River Basin","authors":"Qin Zhang, Yanbin Li, Hui Jiang","doi":"10.4236/ABB.2020.119030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABB.2020.119030","url":null,"abstract":"The biological hydrogen generating from fermentation \u0000of low-cost lignocellulosic feedstocks by hydrogen-producing bacteria has \u0000attracted many attentions in recent years. In the present investigation, ten \u0000hydrogen-producing bacteria were newly isolated from the intestine of wild \u0000common carp (Cyprinus \u0000carpio L.), and identified belonging to the genera of Enterobacter and Klebsiella based on analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence and \u0000examination of the physiological and biochemical characteristics. All the \u0000isolates inherently owned the ability to metabolize xylose especially the \u0000cotton stalk hydrolysate for hydrogen production with hydrogen yield (HY) \u0000higher than 100 mL·L-1. In particular, two isolates, WL1306 and WL1305 obtained \u0000higher HY, hydrogen production rate (HPR), and hydrogen production potential \u0000(HPP) using cotton stalk hydrolysate as sugar substrate than the mixed sugar of \u0000glucose & xylose, which obtained the HY of 249.5 ± 29.0, 397.0 ± 36.7 mL·L-1, HPR of 10.4 ± 1.2, 16.5 ± 1.5 mL·L-1·h-1, HPP of 19.5 ± 2.3, 31.0 ± 2.8 mL·L-1·g-1sugar, separately. The generation of soluble metabolites, \u0000such as the lactate, formate, acetate, succinate and ethanol reflected the \u0000mixed acid fermentation properties of the hydrogen production pathway.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41607810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xueyan Lin, Zhiyong Hu, Shizhe Zhang, Gu Cheng, Q. Hou, Yun Wang, Zhengui Yan, K. Shi, Zhonghua Wang
The research direction of our team is nutrition and physiology of ruminants, including dietary nutrition metabolism and rumen microorganisms. Previous research has shown that ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio is related to diet utilization efficiency. At present, it is believed that the main factors affecting the ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio are the degradation rate of the diet and the rumen microbial structure, but the main mechanism is unclear. This study found that the effect of ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected by the concentration of the fermentation substrate, but was affected by the structure of the rumen microbiota. We believe that changes in the rumen microflora structure are the main mechanism for regulating the ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio. This will help people to further understand the rumen physiology, thereby gradually improving feed conversion efficiency and reducing production costs. Abstract: In order to explore the mechanism by which diet regulates the acetate-to-propionate molar ratio (A: P ratio), we compared the effect on rumen fermentation parameters and the microbiome by altering the ratio of dietary concentrates to roughage ratio and calcium pyruvate infusion. The test animals were Laoshan dairy goats, and were fed continuously through an automatic feeder. The test groups were fed a base diet of low concentrates, and intraruminally infused with calcium pyruvate at two concentrations. The infusion concentrations were derived from the difference in the rate of carbohydrate degradation of the high and low concentrate diets, and they were artificially set such that the high concentration infusion group was infused with twice the concentration as the low concentration infusion group. The control groups were fed high concentrate (6:4) and low concentrate (3:7) diets, respectively. The following results were obtained by measuring rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition: the rumen A: P ratio was significantly lower in the high-concentrate diet group than in the low concentrate diet group (P 0.05), while infusion of high concentration calcium pyruvate significantly increased the rumen A: P ratio (P effect on rumen microbial structure. The above results indicate that increasing the concentration of the fermentation substrate without affecting the composition of the microflora does not reduce the A: P ratio. Microbiological results showed that the A: P ratio was more closely related to the rumen microflora structure. Therefore, it is believed that rumen microflora structure is the main mechanism regulating A: P ratio in rumen fermentation.
{"title":"A Study on the Mechanism Regulating Acetate to Propionate Ratio in Rumen Fermentation by Dietary Carbohydrate Type","authors":"Xueyan Lin, Zhiyong Hu, Shizhe Zhang, Gu Cheng, Q. Hou, Yun Wang, Zhengui Yan, K. Shi, Zhonghua Wang","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.118026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.118026","url":null,"abstract":"The research direction of our team is nutrition and physiology \u0000of ruminants, including dietary nutrition metabolism and rumen microorganisms. \u0000Previous research has shown that ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio is related \u0000to diet utilization efficiency. At present, it is believed that the main \u0000factors affecting the ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio are the degradation \u0000rate of the diet and the rumen microbial structure, but the main mechanism is \u0000unclear. This \u0000study found that the effect of ruminal \u0000acetate-to-propionate ratio was not affected by the concentration of the \u0000fermentation substrate, but was affected by the structure of the rumen \u0000microbiota. We believe that changes in the rumen microflora structure are the \u0000main mechanism for regulating the ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio. This \u0000will help people to further understand the rumen physiology, thereby gradually \u0000improving feed conversion efficiency and reducing production costs. Abstract: In order to explore the mechanism by which diet regulates the \u0000acetate-to-propionate molar ratio (A: P ratio), we compared the effect on rumen \u0000fermentation parameters and the microbiome by altering the ratio of dietary \u0000concentrates to roughage ratio and calcium pyruvate infusion. The test animals \u0000were Laoshan dairy goats, and were fed continuously through an automatic feeder. \u0000The test groups were fed a base diet of low concentrates, and intraruminally \u0000infused with calcium pyruvate at two concentrations. The infusion \u0000concentrations were derived from the difference in the rate of carbohydrate \u0000degradation of the high and low concentrate diets, and they were artificially \u0000set such that the high concentration infusion group was infused with twice the \u0000concentration as the low concentration infusion group. The control groups were \u0000fed high concentrate (6:4) \u0000and low concentrate (3:7) diets, respectively. The following results were \u0000obtained by measuring rumen fermentation parameters and microbial composition: \u0000the rumen A: P ratio was significantly lower in the high-concentrate diet group than in the low \u0000concentrate diet group (P 0.05), while \u0000infusion of high concentration calcium pyruvate significantly increased the \u0000rumen A: P ratio (P effect on rumen microbial structure. The above \u0000results indicate that increasing the concentration of the fermentation \u0000substrate without affecting the composition of the microflora does not reduce \u0000the A: P ratio. Microbiological results showed that the A: P ratio was more \u0000closely related to the rumen microflora structure. Therefore, it is believed \u0000that rumen microflora structure is the main mechanism regulating A: P ratio in \u0000rumen fermentation.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45835032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
White-rot fungi are the only organisms that can completely degrade all components of lignocellulosic biomass, including the recalcitrant lignin polymer. Lignin degradation is important for the industrial application of lignocellulosic biomass as a raw material for producing value-added chemicals and materials. Therefore, elucidating the lignin degradation mechanism in white-rot fungi will help researchers develop efficient and eco-friendly methods enabling the production of value-added chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. A transcriptome analysis is an effective way to compare gene expression patterns between different samples under diverse conditions and can provide insights into biological processes. The democratization of next-generation sequencing technology, especially RNA-sequencing, has made transcriptome sequencing and analysis a common research approach for many laboratories. In this review, we focus on the transcriptome profiles of two well-characterized white-rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Dichomitus squalens) in response to various lignocellulosic materials. The application of RNA-seq technology combining with other techniques remains the best approach for investigating fungal secretomes and elucidating the mechanisms of fungal responses to lignocellulose.
{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of White-Rot Fungi in Response to Lignocellulose or Lignocellulose-Derived Material Using RNA Sequencing Technology","authors":"Yixing Zhang, Koichi Yamaura","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.118025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.118025","url":null,"abstract":"White-rot fungi are the only organisms that can \u0000completely degrade all components of lignocellulosic biomass, including the \u0000recalcitrant lignin polymer. Lignin degradation is important for the industrial \u0000application of lignocellulosic biomass as a raw material for producing \u0000value-added chemicals and materials. \u0000Therefore, elucidating the lignin degradation mechanism in white-rot fungi will help researchers develop efficient and eco-friendly methods enabling \u0000the production of value-added chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. A \u0000transcriptome analysis is an effective way to compare gene expression patterns \u0000between different samples under diverse conditions and can provide insights \u0000into biological processes. The democratization of next-generation sequencing \u0000technology, especially RNA-sequencing, has made transcriptome sequencing and \u0000analysis a common research approach for many laboratories. In this review, we focus on the transcriptome \u0000profiles of two well-characterized white-rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Dichomitus squalens) in response to various \u0000lignocellulosic materials. The application of RNA-seq technology combining with \u0000other techniques remains the best approach for investigating fungal secretomes \u0000and elucidating the mechanisms of fungal responses to lignocellulose.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42906880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sujjat Al Azad, A. Benjamin, Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal
Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria (PNSB), also known as phototrophic bacteria are widely distributed in both freshwater and marine environment and capable to grow in wide range of substrates. In this study, Bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain UMS2, a freshwater isolate was used in this study in utilization of fish hatchery waste. This study was conducted to determine the nutritional values of bioprocess product that was grown in fish hatchery waste. Finally, the waste bio-converted product was used as feed supplement to monitor the growth performance of live feed Tubifex spp. Inoculum of Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain UMS2 was developed in 112 synthetic media and 48-h culture of 30% (v/v) inoculum was used in fish hatchery waste during the bioprocess. The nutritional values of bio-converted product, except total ash (%), were not significantly improved with 30% (v/v) inoculum of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, strain UMS2. Feeding trial in bloodworm (Tubifex spp.) with bioconversion product conducted for 15 days to monitor growth (w/v) of live feed. Initial growth 1.42 ± 0.001 g/L of Tubifex spp. was stocked in 15 × 75 × 15 cm plastic tray connected with recirculated system. Tubifex spp. was observed to be comparatively higher (1.55 ± 0.12 g/L) while fed in the product that contained bacterium than the growth (1.44 ± 0.15 g/L) of Tubifex spp. fed in the bioconversion product of without bacterium. The inoculums size (30%) of bacterium not enough to support the growth of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, strain UMS2 in the bioconversion process to improve the nutritional values. However, while used as feed supplement it improved the growth performance of the Tubifex spp. So, bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, strain UMS2 has potentiality to be used as feed supplement in the production of live feed.
{"title":"Bioconversion of Fish Hatchery Waste as Feed in the Production of Live Feed","authors":"Sujjat Al Azad, A. Benjamin, Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.117021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.117021","url":null,"abstract":"Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria (PNSB), also known as \u0000phototrophic bacteria are widely distributed in both freshwater and marine \u0000environment and capable to grow in wide \u0000range of substrates. In this study, Bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain UMS2, a freshwater isolate was used in this study in \u0000utilization of fish hatchery waste. This study was conducted to determine the \u0000nutritional values of bioprocess product that was grown in fish hatchery waste. \u0000Finally, the waste bio-converted product was used as feed supplement to monitor \u0000the growth performance of live feed Tubifex spp. Inoculum of Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain UMS2 was developed in 112 synthetic media and \u000048-h culture of 30% (v/v) inoculum was used in fish hatchery waste during the \u0000bioprocess. The nutritional values of bio-converted product, except total ash \u0000(%), were not significantly improved with 30% (v/v) inoculum of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, strain UMS2. \u0000Feeding trial in bloodworm (Tubifex spp.) with bioconversion product conducted for 15 days to monitor growth (w/v) \u0000of live feed. Initial growth 1.42 ± 0.001 g/L of Tubifex spp. was \u0000stocked in 15 × 75 × 15 cm plastic tray connected with recirculated system. Tubifex spp. was observed to be \u0000comparatively higher (1.55 ± 0.12 g/L) while fed in the product that contained \u0000bacterium than the growth (1.44 ± 0.15 g/L) of Tubifex spp. fed in the bioconversion product of without \u0000bacterium. The inoculums size (30%) of bacterium \u0000not enough to support the growth of Rhodobacter \u0000sphaeroides, strain UMS2 in the bioconversion process to improve the \u0000nutritional values. However, while used as feed supplement it improved the \u0000growth performance of the Tubifex spp. So, bacterium Rhodobacter \u0000sphaeroides, strain UMS2 has potentiality to be used as feed supplement in \u0000the production of live feed.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan Huysman, J. Voorhees, E. Krebs, M. E. Barnes
Hatchery-reared fish are frequently adjusted (tempered) to the higher water temperatures present in the water bodies where they are to be stocked. This study was undertaken to determine the necessity of such tempering practices. This study used rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) reared at 11.2°C. The first two trials for each species were designed to simultaneously determine the upper incipient lethal temperature and 100% lethal temperature over a 14-day period. The third trial for each species evaluated the effects of an exaggerated 12-hour tempering regime on fish survival after placement in elevated water temperatures. After transfer from a water temperature of 11.2°C, no rainbow trout survived at 26°C, and only 50% survived at 25°C. No brown trout survived at 22°C and only 50% at 20°C. Survival of rainbow trout was not improved by the 12-hour tempering regime where water temperatures were slowly increased from 11.2°C to either 25°C or 26°C. Similarly, tempering did not improve brown trout survival at either 20°C or 22°C. These results suggest that tempering is not needed when hatchery-reared trout are reared and stocked at the water temperatures within the range of those used in this study.
{"title":"Thermal Tempering Does Not Impact Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout Survival","authors":"Nathan Huysman, J. Voorhees, E. Krebs, M. E. Barnes","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.117024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.117024","url":null,"abstract":"Hatchery-reared fish are frequently adjusted \u0000(tempered) to the higher water temperatures present in the water bodies where \u0000they are to be stocked. This study was undertaken to determine the necessity of \u0000such tempering practices. This study used \u0000rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo \u0000trutta) reared at 11.2°C. The first two trials for each species were designed \u0000to simultaneously determine the upper incipient lethal temperature and 100% lethal \u0000temperature over a 14-day period. The third trial for each species evaluated \u0000the effects of an exaggerated 12-hour tempering regime on fish survival after \u0000placement in elevated water temperatures. After transfer from a water temperature \u0000of 11.2°C, no rainbow trout survived at 26°C, and only 50% \u0000survived at 25°C. No brown trout survived at 22°C and only 50% \u0000at 20°C. Survival of rainbow trout was not improved by the 12-hour \u0000tempering regime where water temperatures were slowly increased from 11.2°C \u0000to either 25°C or 26°C. Similarly, tempering did not improve \u0000brown trout survival at either 20°C or 22°C. These results \u0000suggest that tempering is not needed when hatchery-reared trout are reared and \u0000stocked at the water temperatures within the range of those used in this study.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48695524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anemia is a blood abnormality that affects the quantity and quality of red blood cells in the human body. This sometimes banal sign spares no continent and no social stratum. This anomaly is generally appreciated through biological analyzes of patients’ blood. These analyzes, which boil down to the knowledge of hemato-metric constants, cannot by themselves allow the characterization of certain forms of anemia in the sense that most anemia are related to the morphology and color of red blood cells. Our work in this paper is to perform blood smears on patients and perform a morphological and colorimetric analysis of red blood cells on these smears. This approach allowed us to highlight on each erythrocyte morphological and colorimetric descriptors to accurately identify the types of anemia by image processing methods. This identification is performed in an automated environment to allow pathologists to respond quickly to anemia-related emergencies and also improve the treatment to be conducted. This automation required the implementation of a new approach to electronic instrumentation and the acquisition of microscopic blood smear images for the automatic and rapid diagnosis of anemia.
{"title":"A New Electronic Instrumentation Approach for the Acquisition of Microscopic Blood Smear Images for the Automatic Diagnosis of Anemia","authors":"J. N. Alico, S. Ouattara, A. Clément","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.116018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.116018","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia is a blood abnormality that affects the quantity and quality of red blood cells in the human body. This sometimes banal sign spares no continent and no social stratum. This anomaly is generally appreciated through biological analyzes of patients’ blood. These analyzes, which boil down to the knowledge of hemato-metric constants, cannot by themselves allow the characterization of certain forms of anemia in the sense that most anemia are related to the morphology and color of red blood cells. Our work in this paper is to perform blood smears on patients and perform a morphological and colorimetric analysis of red blood cells on these smears. This approach allowed us to highlight on each erythrocyte morphological and colorimetric descriptors to accurately identify the types of anemia by image processing methods. This identification is performed in an automated environment to allow pathologists to respond quickly to anemia-related emergencies and also improve the treatment to be conducted. This automation required the implementation of a new approach to electronic instrumentation and the acquisition of microscopic blood smear images for the automatic and rapid diagnosis of anemia.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46408952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia-ying Zhou, Quan Liu, Xianyue Ren, B. Cheng, Tong Wu
Oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs), a series of local diseases with carcinogenic potential occurred in oral mucosa, have the possibility of developing into oral cancer. Effective diagnosis and surveillance at the early stage of OPMDs may be of help for interrupting the malignant transformation. In this review, we introduced the available non-invasive approaches of detecting the suspicious lesions, including vital staining, oral cytology, optical detection, saliva biomarkers detection, and image analysis, which can enhance the detection efficiency for the early diagnosis and surveillance of OPMDs. However, limitations which restrict the clinical application of these approaches still exist. How to improve the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques deserves further detailed study.
{"title":"Non-Invasive Approaches for Oral Potential Malignant Disorders Surveillance: A Review","authors":"Jia-ying Zhou, Quan Liu, Xianyue Ren, B. Cheng, Tong Wu","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.115015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.115015","url":null,"abstract":"Oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs), a series \u0000of local diseases with carcinogenic potential occurred in oral mucosa, have the \u0000possibility of developing into oral cancer. Effective diagnosis and \u0000surveillance at the early stage of OPMDs may be of help for interrupting the \u0000malignant transformation. In this review, we introduced the available \u0000non-invasive approaches of detecting the suspicious lesions, including vital \u0000staining, oral cytology, optical detection, saliva biomarkers detection, and \u0000image analysis, which can enhance the detection efficiency for the early \u0000diagnosis and surveillance of OPMDs. However, limitations which restrict the \u0000clinical application of these approaches still exist. How to improve the \u0000sensitivity and specificity of these techniques deserves further detailed \u0000study.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49267845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiphane Andrade Figueira, A. Silva, A. Enrich-Prast, Y. Yoneshigue-Valentin, V. Oliveira
Ulvan is a sulfated heteropolysaccharide present in the cell wall of Ulva species with unique structural properties and technological potential. Here we characterized by FTIR and NMR analysis the structure of ulvan from Ulva fasciata collected in natural environment (SEA) and after in vitro biomass cultivation in nutrient enriched water (CULT). FTIR spectrum of CULT ulvan presented stronger signals of sulfate groups than SEA. 1H and 13C NMR showed that both ulvan are composed mainly of ulvanobiuronic acid 3-sulfate type A and type B. SEA ulvan presented signals characteristics of xylose, suggesting the presence of ulvanobiose in its structure, while CULT presented most signals of type A disaccharide. The cultivation of Ulva could be an alternative to suffice the emerging demand for ulvan meeting requirements of quality and quantity.
{"title":"Structural Characterization of Ulvan Polysaccharide from Cultivated and Collected Ulva fasciata (Chlorophyta)","authors":"Tiphane Andrade Figueira, A. Silva, A. Enrich-Prast, Y. Yoneshigue-Valentin, V. Oliveira","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.115016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.115016","url":null,"abstract":"Ulvan is a sulfated heteropolysaccharide present in \u0000the cell wall of Ulva species with \u0000unique structural properties and technological potential. Here we characterized \u0000by FTIR and NMR analysis the structure of ulvan from Ulva fasciata collected in natural environment (SEA) and after in vitro biomass cultivation in \u0000nutrient enriched water (CULT). FTIR spectrum of CULT ulvan presented stronger \u0000signals of sulfate groups than SEA. 1H and 13C NMR showed \u0000that both ulvan are composed mainly of ulvanobiuronic acid 3-sulfate type A and \u0000type B. SEA ulvan presented signals characteristics of xylose, suggesting the \u0000presence of ulvanobiose in its structure, while CULT presented most signals of \u0000type A disaccharide. The cultivation of Ulva could be an alternative to suffice the emerging demand for ulvan meeting requirements \u0000of quality and quantity.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47015130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent worldwide spreading of pneumonia-causing virus, such as Coronavirus, COVID-19, and H1N1, has been endangering the life of human beings all around the world. In order to really understand the biological process within a cell level and provide useful clues to develop antiviral drugs, information of Gram negative bacterial protein subcellular localization is vitally important. In view of this, a CNN based protein subcellular localization predictor called “pLoc_Deep-mGnet” was developed. The predictor is particularly useful in dealing with the multi-sites systems in which some proteins may simultaneously occur in two or more different organelles that are the current focus of pharmaceutical industry. The global absolute true rate achieved by the new predictor is over 98% and its local accuracy is around 94% - 100%. Both are transcending other existing state-of-the-art predictors significantly. To maximize the convenience for most experimental scientists, a user-friendly web-server for the new predictor has been established at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/pLoc_Deep-mGneg/, which will become a very useful tool for fighting pandemic coronavirus and save the mankind of this planet.
{"title":"pLoc_Deep-mGneg: Predict Subcellular Localization of Gram Negative Bacterial Proteins by Deep Learning","authors":"Xin-Xin Liu, K. Chou","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.115011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.115011","url":null,"abstract":"The recent worldwide spreading of pneumonia-causing \u0000virus, such as Coronavirus, COVID-19, and H1N1, has been endangering the life \u0000of human beings all around the world. In order to really understand the \u0000biological process within a cell level and provide useful clues to develop \u0000antiviral drugs, information of Gram negative bacterial protein subcellular \u0000localization is vitally important. In view of this, a CNN based protein \u0000subcellular localization predictor called “pLoc_Deep-mGnet” was developed. The \u0000predictor is particularly useful in dealing with the multi-sites systems in \u0000which some proteins may simultaneously occur in two or more different \u0000organelles that are the current focus of pharmaceutical industry. The global \u0000absolute true rate achieved by the new predictor is over 98% and its local \u0000accuracy is around 94% - 100%. Both are transcending other existing \u0000state-of-the-art predictors significantly. To maximize the convenience for most \u0000experimental scientists, a user-friendly web-server for the new predictor has \u0000been established at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/pLoc_Deep-mGneg/, which will become a very useful tool for fighting pandemic coronavirus \u0000and save the mankind of this planet.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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