Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/abb.2021.1212026
E. Seyum, N. Bille, W. G. Abtew, Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong, J. Bell
The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the major cultivated crops among the economically important palm species. It is cultivated mainly for its edible oil. For a perennial crop like oil palm, the use of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) techniques helps to reduce the breeding cycle and improve the economic products. Genetic and physical maps are important for sequencing experiments since they show the exact positions of genes and other distinctive features in the chromosomal DNA. This review focuses on the role of genome mapping in oil palm breeding. It assesses the role of genome mapping in oil palm breeding and discusses the major factors affecting such mapping. Ge-nerating a high-density map governed by several factors, for instance, marker type, marker density, number of mapped population, and software used are the major issues treated. The general conclusion is that genome mapping is pivotal in the construction of a genetic linkage map. It helps to detect QTL and identify genes that control quantitative traits in oil palm. In perspective, the use of high-density molecular markers with a large number of markers, a large number mapping population, and up-to-date software is necessary for oil palm genome mapping.
{"title":"Genome Mapping to Enhance Efficient Marker-Assisted Selection and Breeding of the Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)","authors":"E. Seyum, N. Bille, W. G. Abtew, Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong, J. Bell","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.1212026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.1212026","url":null,"abstract":"The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the major cultivated crops among the economically important palm species. It is cultivated mainly for its edible oil. For a perennial crop like oil palm, the use of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) techniques helps to reduce the breeding cycle and improve the economic products. Genetic and physical maps are important for sequencing experiments since they show the exact positions of genes and other distinctive features in the chromosomal DNA. This review focuses on the role of genome mapping in oil palm breeding. It assesses the role of genome mapping in oil palm breeding and discusses the major factors affecting such mapping. Ge-nerating a high-density map governed by several factors, for instance, marker type, marker density, number of mapped population, and software used are the major issues treated. The general conclusion is that genome mapping is pivotal in the construction of a genetic linkage map. It helps to detect QTL and identify genes that control quantitative traits in oil palm. In perspective, the use of high-density molecular markers with a large number of markers, a large number mapping population, and up-to-date software is necessary for oil palm genome mapping.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/abb.2021.1210020
R. Ouedraogo, F. M. Y. Sawadogo, Nomwine Da, K. Mano
{"title":"The Fish Fauna of the Future Large Size Reservoir of Ouessa, on the Mouhoun River, Burkina Faso","authors":"R. Ouedraogo, F. M. Y. Sawadogo, Nomwine Da, K. Mano","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.1210020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.1210020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mutations in ontogenes have been shown to drastically increase the nondisjunction of X chromosomes in the D. melanogaster meiosis. This means that ontogenes are involved in the process that brings the homologs together although both the genes and ontogenes are finally paired. The phenomenon named the paradox of homologous pairing is described. Chromosomal rearrangements (inversions and translocations) lead to formation of specific topological figures (loops and crosses) during pairing. The mutual arrangement of the nucleotide sequences of homologous ontogenes before and after formation of such figures is different. Their arrangement coincides after a figure is formed and the pairing looks homologous. However, before the figure is formed, their arrangement does not match and the pairing is actually nonhomologous. The available data on ontogenes allows this paradox to be resolved. It is assumed that the sequence of each ontogene possesses a factor that 1) is a product of this nucleotide sequence; 2) is co-located with this sequence; and 3) generates approaching independently of nucleotide sequence position in space. The sole candidate to the role of this factor is the DNA conformation of ontogene. The conformation in the form of a solenoid of DNA is able to generate an electromagnetic field independent of the orientation of the DNA itself. The proposed resolution of the paradox is considered in terms of the problem of genetic homology.
{"title":"Ontogenes and the Paradox of Homologous Pairing","authors":"B. F. Chadov, N. B. Fedorova","doi":"10.4236/ABB.2021.121001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABB.2021.121001","url":null,"abstract":"The mutations in ontogenes have been shown to drastically increase the nondisjunction of X chromosomes in the D. melanogaster meiosis. This means that ontogenes are involved in the process that brings the homologs together although both the genes and ontogenes are finally paired. The phenomenon named the paradox of homologous pairing is described. Chromosomal rearrangements (inversions and translocations) lead to formation of specific topological figures (loops and crosses) during pairing. The mutual arrangement of the nucleotide sequences of homologous ontogenes before and after formation of such figures is different. Their arrangement coincides after a figure is formed and the pairing looks homologous. However, before the figure is formed, their arrangement does not match and the pairing is actually nonhomologous. The available data on ontogenes allows this paradox to be resolved. It is assumed that the sequence of each ontogene possesses a factor that 1) is a product of this nucleotide sequence; 2) is co-located with this sequence; and 3) generates approaching independently of nucleotide sequence position in space. The sole candidate to the role of this factor is the DNA conformation of ontogene. The conformation in the form of a solenoid of DNA is able to generate an electromagnetic field independent of the orientation of the DNA itself. The proposed resolution of the paradox is considered in terms of the problem of genetic homology.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was undertaken to determine total protein (%) and profiles of amino acid and made comparison between the aqueous and organic solvent extracted mushroom. Extraction was made from two edible, Pleurotus sajor-caju (commercial) and Schizophyllum commune (wild) types of mushrooms. Four types of solvents were used for the extraction include 100% aqueous, 50% ethanol, 50% methanol and 50% acetone. True protein of mushroom extract was analyzed with colorimetric Lowry method and amino acids were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The range of 1.06% to 3.43% and 1.30% to 2.17% total protein value were obtained in the extracts of P. sajor-caju and S. commune respectively, while the highest total protein of 3.43% was determined in aqueous extracted P. sajor-caju mushroom. The amount of total amino acids of S. commune and P. sajor-caju were in the range of 308.65 mg/g to 443.84 mg/g and 172.52 mg/g to 400.76 mg/g, respectively. The highest content of 443.84 mg/g total amino acids and 77.08 mg/g of essential amino acids were obtained in the aqueous extracted Schizophyllum commune. On the other hand the total content of essential amino acids (EAA). Essential amino acid of both mushrooms was dominated by leucine along with threonine and alanine, but the highest contents were determined from the extract of Schizophyllum commune. Aqueous extraction was effective in both types of mushroom for the protein components as well essential amino acids compared to other organic solvents that were used in extraction process in this study.
{"title":"Comparison of Protein and Amino Acids in the Extracts of Two Edible Mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Schizophyllum commune","authors":"Sujjat Al Azad, Vivian Chong Ai Ping","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.129018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.129018","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to determine total protein (%) and profiles of amino acid and made comparison between the aqueous and organic solvent extracted mushroom. Extraction was made from two edible, Pleurotus sajor-caju (commercial) and Schizophyllum commune (wild) types of mushrooms. Four types of solvents were used for the extraction include 100% aqueous, 50% ethanol, 50% methanol and 50% acetone. True protein of mushroom extract was analyzed with colorimetric Lowry method and amino acids were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The range of 1.06% to 3.43% and 1.30% to 2.17% total protein value were obtained in the extracts of P. sajor-caju and S. commune respectively, while the highest total protein of 3.43% was determined in aqueous extracted P. sajor-caju mushroom. The amount of total amino acids of S. commune and P. sajor-caju were in the range of 308.65 mg/g to 443.84 mg/g and 172.52 mg/g to 400.76 mg/g, respectively. The highest content of 443.84 mg/g total amino acids and 77.08 mg/g of essential amino acids were obtained in the aqueous extracted Schizophyllum commune. On the other hand the total content of essential amino acids (EAA). Essential amino acid of both mushrooms was dominated by leucine along with threonine and alanine, but the highest contents were determined from the extract of Schizophyllum commune. Aqueous extraction was effective in both types of mushroom for the protein components as well essential amino acids compared to other organic solvents that were used in extraction process in this study.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to realize the application of corn stalk in cow feed, we designed experiments to explore the effect of a certain proportion of corn stalk on the performance of lactating dairy cows. 9 multiparous mid-lactating cows were allocated at random to three groups, each containing 3 intact cows. The trial consisted of three periods and three dietary treatments with a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The diets were normal concentrats plus dried corn stalk chopped to 5 - 8 cm long (N), high concentrates plus dried corn stalks chopped to a length of approximately 5 - 8 cm by a mower (H) while the milled corn stalks were passed through a pulviser with a 2 cm pore size (MH). Each cow was measured for dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal pH, rumen fermentation, selective feeding behavior and production performance. The results showed that MH led to a significantly higher intake of DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), forage NDF (FNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and organic matter (OM) than N and H (P ity for the dietary component. MH resulted in a significantly higher milk production (P P = 0.055). There were no significant differences in the milk components (P = 0.424) and lactose (P = 0.113) between cows fed N and MH. The high-concentrates plus milled corn stalk diet can increase the milk yield under the premise of normal rumen pH in dairy cows, thereby generating higher economic benefits. And milled corn stalk can effectively inhibit the cow’s selective eating of low-quality roughage.
{"title":"Effect of High Concentrate Corn Stalk Particle Size on Physical State and Production Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows","authors":"Xueyan Lin, Deqing Zhang, Lingxue Ju, Yiyao Zhang, Yu’e Jiang, Q. Hou, Zhiyong Hu, Yun Wang, Zhonghua Wang","doi":"10.4236/ABB.2021.122004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABB.2021.122004","url":null,"abstract":"In order to realize the application of corn stalk in cow feed, we designed experiments to explore the effect of a certain proportion of corn stalk on the performance of lactating dairy cows. 9 multiparous mid-lactating cows were allocated at random to three groups, each containing 3 intact cows. The trial consisted of three periods and three dietary treatments with a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The diets were normal concentrats plus dried corn stalk chopped to 5 - 8 cm long (N), high concentrates plus dried corn stalks chopped to a length of approximately 5 - 8 cm by a mower (H) while the milled corn stalks were passed through a pulviser with a 2 cm pore size (MH). Each cow was measured for dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal pH, rumen fermentation, selective feeding behavior and production performance. The results showed that MH led to a significantly higher intake of DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), forage NDF (FNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and organic matter (OM) than N and H (P ity for the dietary component. MH resulted in a significantly higher milk production (P P = 0.055). There were no significant differences in the milk components (P = 0.424) and lactose (P = 0.113) between cows fed N and MH. The high-concentrates plus milled corn stalk diet can increase the milk yield under the premise of normal rumen pH in dairy cows, thereby generating higher economic benefits. And milled corn stalk can effectively inhibit the cow’s selective eating of low-quality roughage.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/abb.2021.1212028
Alice Gomes Miranda, Tarcisio Michael Ferreira Soares de Oliveira, R. C. de Lucas, D. L. Nelson, J. Roa, Vivian Machado Benassi
Second generation ethanol is produced from the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass using enzymes as catalysts, with emphasis on xylanases. These biocatalysts are often costly, but stable at high temperatures, and their reuse is of great value, so the immobilization of the enzymes can increase their appli-cability on an industrial scale. We sought to immobilize a cocktail rich in xylanase produced by the fungus Fusarium sp. EA 1.3.1 in alginate spheres, op-timize the immobilization method, characterize the immobilized derivatives, improve their physical-chemical characteristics, and perform the hydrolysis bagasse was achieved, and greater amounts of reducing sugars were obtained in the reaction with the conjugate. Thus, the cocktail rich in xylanase produced by the fungus Fusarium sp. EA1.3.1 was successfully immobilized on alginate spheres and possesses the potential to be used as a catalyst in industrial processes such as the lignocellulosic ethanol industry.
第二代乙醇是利用酶作为催化剂，主要是木聚糖酶，从木质纤维素生物质的降解中生产出来的。这些生物催化剂通常价格昂贵，但在高温下稳定，并且它们的重复使用具有很大的价值，因此固定化酶可以增加它们在工业规模上的应用。本研究试图将富含真菌Fusarium sp. EA 1.3.1产生的木聚糖酶的鸡尾酒固定在海藻酸盐球中，优化了固定方法，对固定衍生物进行了表征，改善了它们的物理化学特性，并实现了蔗渣的水解，并且在与缀合物的反应中获得了更多的还原糖。因此，由真菌Fusarium sp. EA1.3.1产生的富含木聚糖酶的混合物成功地固定在海藻酸盐球上，并具有作为工业过程催化剂的潜力，如木质纤维素乙醇工业。
{"title":"Immobilization in Spheres of a Cocktail Rich in Xylanase Produced by the Fungus Fusarium sp. EA 1.3.1 for Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse","authors":"Alice Gomes Miranda, Tarcisio Michael Ferreira Soares de Oliveira, R. C. de Lucas, D. L. Nelson, J. Roa, Vivian Machado Benassi","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.1212028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.1212028","url":null,"abstract":"Second generation ethanol is produced from the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass using enzymes as catalysts, with emphasis on xylanases. These biocatalysts are often costly, but stable at high temperatures, and their reuse is of great value, so the immobilization of the enzymes can increase their appli-cability on an industrial scale. We sought to immobilize a cocktail rich in xylanase produced by the fungus Fusarium sp. EA 1.3.1 in alginate spheres, op-timize the immobilization method, characterize the immobilized derivatives, improve their physical-chemical characteristics, and perform the hydrolysis bagasse was achieved, and greater amounts of reducing sugars were obtained in the reaction with the conjugate. Thus, the cocktail rich in xylanase produced by the fungus Fusarium sp. EA1.3.1 was successfully immobilized on alginate spheres and possesses the potential to be used as a catalyst in industrial processes such as the lignocellulosic ethanol industry.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/abb.2021.1211025
S. Amala, Simeon Nicholas Nweke, R. Nwalozie, Tombari Pius Monsi
Background: Medicinal plants have been in use since the origin of man. Many important chemical substances with biological functions that could be used for treatment and prevention of attack from bacteria, fungi, herbivorous mammals and insects are produced by different plants. Such compounds with useful properties have been recorded in their numbers, about 12,000 ac-counting for about 10% of total plant species. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial efficacies of herbal extracts on some clinical pathogens. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of pressed juices of Allium sativum (garlic), Bryophyllum pinnatum and Garcinia kola neats and their dilutions were tested on pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans to determine their susceptibility to the juices and their combinations. Agar well diffusion method was employed on Muller-Hinton agar to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. The phytochemical analysis of the plants’ juices were also determined. Results: At 100% (neat) the juices of G. kola, B. pinnatum and Garcinia kola showed substantial zones of inhibition against the pathogens with a zone diameter of about 22.0 mm and above. At 75% concentrations, the juices inhibited the pathogens tested against them. A. sativum (gar-lic) inhibited K. pneumonia, P. mirabilis, and S. aureus even at 50% concentration. C. albicans isolates were 60% susceptible to G. kola juice, 40% at 100% concentration. At 75% concentration of the juice, C. albicans isolates were also 60% susceptible to the juices. At 50% - 100% concentrations, C. albicans isolates were 100% sensitive to A. sativum extract. Conclusions: The medicinal plant juices tested against the pathogens possess some potentials worth exploiting as potent antimicrobial agents on gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and the fungus.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Properties and Phytochemical Composition of Garcinia kola, Bryophyllum pinnatum, and Allium sativum Juices on Some Clinical Pathogens","authors":"S. Amala, Simeon Nicholas Nweke, R. Nwalozie, Tombari Pius Monsi","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.1211025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.1211025","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medicinal plants have been in use since the origin of man. Many important chemical substances with biological functions that could be used for treatment and prevention of attack from bacteria, fungi, herbivorous mammals and insects are produced by different plants. Such compounds with useful properties have been recorded in their numbers, about 12,000 ac-counting for about 10% of total plant species. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial efficacies of herbal extracts on some clinical pathogens. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of pressed juices of Allium sativum (garlic), Bryophyllum pinnatum and Garcinia kola neats and their dilutions were tested on pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans to determine their susceptibility to the juices and their combinations. Agar well diffusion method was employed on Muller-Hinton agar to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. The phytochemical analysis of the plants’ juices were also determined. Results: At 100% (neat) the juices of G. kola, B. pinnatum and Garcinia kola showed substantial zones of inhibition against the pathogens with a zone diameter of about 22.0 mm and above. At 75% concentrations, the juices inhibited the pathogens tested against them. A. sativum (gar-lic) inhibited K. pneumonia, P. mirabilis, and S. aureus even at 50% concentration. C. albicans isolates were 60% susceptible to G. kola juice, 40% at 100% concentration. At 75% concentration of the juice, C. albicans isolates were also 60% susceptible to the juices. At 50% - 100% concentrations, C. albicans isolates were 100% sensitive to A. sativum extract. Conclusions: The medicinal plant juices tested against the pathogens possess some potentials worth exploiting as potent antimicrobial agents on gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and the fungus.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/abb.2021.1211024
N. Goyal, A. Nag, R. Samarth, A. Upadhyay, Kashmir Singh
The cultivation of grapes is severely impacted by the emergence of downy mildew (DM) disease which negatively affects quality and yield possibly re-sulting in heavy losses. Due to certain shortcomings in the usage of fungicides and the development of new cultivars by plant breeding, marker assisted selection (MAS) will be an efficient alternative method to introduce desired genes into the cultivated varieties in a short time period. The Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers seem to be the most popular genetic marker of choice for MAS. In the present study, we identified 14 new SSR markers in RPV1 locus that are associated with downy mildew resistance in grapes. The characterization of the identified markers was carried out on the basis of various parameters such as types of repeat motifs, number of repeats, different classes and structure of microsatellites. Additionally, SSR genotyping in 56 different grape accessions was done to determine the susceptibility or resistance of these accessions to DM.
{"title":"Identification and Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) Markers Associated with Downy Mildew Resistance Locus “RPV1” in Grapes","authors":"N. Goyal, A. Nag, R. Samarth, A. Upadhyay, Kashmir Singh","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.1211024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.1211024","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation of grapes is severely impacted by the emergence of downy mildew (DM) disease which negatively affects quality and yield possibly re-sulting in heavy losses. Due to certain shortcomings in the usage of fungicides and the development of new cultivars by plant breeding, marker assisted selection (MAS) will be an efficient alternative method to introduce desired genes into the cultivated varieties in a short time period. The Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers seem to be the most popular genetic marker of choice for MAS. In the present study, we identified 14 new SSR markers in RPV1 locus that are associated with downy mildew resistance in grapes. The characterization of the identified markers was carried out on the basis of various parameters such as types of repeat motifs, number of repeats, different classes and structure of microsatellites. Additionally, SSR genotyping in 56 different grape accessions was done to determine the susceptibility or resistance of these accessions to DM.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/abb.2021.1210021
M. Acharya, P. Karmaker, M. Moniruzzaman, Abu Hasan, S. Aktar, A. B. Adhikary, Mala Khan
{"title":"Composition of Human Atheroma Collected from Coronary Arteries during Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery","authors":"M. Acharya, P. Karmaker, M. Moniruzzaman, Abu Hasan, S. Aktar, A. B. Adhikary, Mala Khan","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.1210021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.1210021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan Huysman, Ashley Kelican, Lauren Anne Van Rysselberge, J. Kientz, J. Voorhees, M. E. Barnes
The implantation of acoustic transmitters into the peritoneal cavity of fish is typically performed by experienced surgeons. This study compared the effectiveness of an experienced and inexperienced surgeon performing two different types of transmitter insertion techniques on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The methods used were either a traditional sutured ventral incision or a novel unsutured lateral incision. There was no significant difference in surgical duration, tag retention, or fish survival between the experienced and naïve surgeon. The time to complete surgical wound closure was not significantly different between the fish operated on by an experienced or naïve surgeon, and surgeon experience had no significant effect on the duration of inflammation. However, there were significant differences between the two surgical techniques, regardless of surgeon experience. The ventral incision with sutures method took approximately three times longer to complete than the lateral incision-only method. However, complete wound closure was significantly faster in the sutured ventral incision treatment compared to the unsutured lateral treatment. Post-surgery inflammation was over seven times longer in the fish with sutures compared to those only receiving a lateral incision. Tag retention was not significantly different between the two surgical methods. The results of this study indicate that the unsutured lateral surgical technique used in this experiment can be completed with minimal training and surgical experience in contrast to the standard technique requiring sutures. These results also provide additional support to the use of sutureless surgical techniques for acoustic transmitter implantation.
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