{"title":"Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides and Chemicals Produced by Animals on Liver Microsomal Enzymes CYP450","authors":"Al-Baraa Akram, Glen J. P. McCann","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.129019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.129019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/abb.2021.1210022
Ahmed A. Abdille, J. Kimani, F. Wamunyokoli, W. Bulimo, Yahaya Gavamukulya, E. Maina
Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most prevalent soft tissue sarcoma in children, representing approximately 50% of pediatric sarcomas and can develop in any part of the body though more frequently at the extremities. Aim: Evaluating the in vitro anti-proliferative activity of Dermaseptin B2 on Rhabdomyosarcoma RD (CCL-136TM) cells and its effect on the expression of MYC, FGFR1, NOTCH1, and CXCR7 genes involve in processes including proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Methods: RD cells were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum. Exponentially growing cells were treated with Dermaseptin B2 and Antiproliferative activity was assayed using the resazurin and migration assays at three time-points. In order to determine the gene expression profiles of MYC, NOTCH1, FGFR1 FGFR1 (fc; 2.3515, 2.0809, 2.2543), NOTCH1 (fc; 2.4667, 4.6274, 4.3352) genes for the three-time points respectively. NOTCH1 and CXCR7 showed higher fold changes with respect to β-Actin than MYC and FGFR1. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Dermaseptin B2 is a target molecule for signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, RTK and NOTCH pathways that could affect the transcription of these genes and overall inhibition of cancer progression. Further studies are needed to give a better understanding of the detailed mechanisms of action as well as the effects of the Dermaseptin B2 peptide in vivo.
{"title":"Dermaseptin B2’s Anti-Proliferative Activity and down Regulation of Anti-Proliferative, Angiogenic and Metastatic Genes in Rhabdomyosarcoma RD Cells in Vitro","authors":"Ahmed A. Abdille, J. Kimani, F. Wamunyokoli, W. Bulimo, Yahaya Gavamukulya, E. Maina","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.1210022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.1210022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most prevalent soft tissue sarcoma in children, representing approximately 50% of pediatric sarcomas and can develop in any part of the body though more frequently at the extremities. Aim: Evaluating the in vitro anti-proliferative activity of Dermaseptin B2 on Rhabdomyosarcoma RD (CCL-136TM) cells and its effect on the expression of MYC, FGFR1, NOTCH1, and CXCR7 genes involve in processes including proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Methods: RD cells were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum. Exponentially growing cells were treated with Dermaseptin B2 and Antiproliferative activity was assayed using the resazurin and migration assays at three time-points. In order to determine the gene expression profiles of MYC, NOTCH1, FGFR1 FGFR1 (fc; 2.3515, 2.0809, 2.2543), NOTCH1 (fc; 2.4667, 4.6274, 4.3352) genes for the three-time points respectively. NOTCH1 and CXCR7 showed higher fold changes with respect to β-Actin than MYC and FGFR1. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Dermaseptin B2 is a target molecule for signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, RTK and NOTCH pathways that could affect the transcription of these genes and overall inhibition of cancer progression. Further studies are needed to give a better understanding of the detailed mechanisms of action as well as the effects of the Dermaseptin B2 peptide in vivo.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dynamics of ethanol production of local strains of three yeast species and their ternary mixtures was examined in two Tokaj vineries. Although, the performance of them diverged significantly in first etaps of vinification—up to the utilization of half of the sugar content of grape juice—the variations vintages per vintages surpassed the strain-dependent alterations. The divergence in the latter aspect diminished during the last etap, and the ethanol concentration in young wines fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. uvarum and Starmerella bacillaris (2 local strains of each) and their mixtures did not vary considerably (c.v. 4.2%). The vinification of grape juice performed more rapidly in fermentors inoculated with strains of S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum and St. bacillaris as well as with their mixtures than in spontaneously initiated ones by wild mycoflora in each vintage. The strains responded in different manners to conditions vintage per vintage, however, their ternary mixtures always fermented more intensively the grape juice than the strains alone. The strains affected the dynamics of alcohol production to different extents, but the alterations between them exceeded the variation between the average effects of the species. The circumstances of vinification significantly influenced the subsequent events of fermentation, but the maximum intensity of ethanol production was inversely proportional to the time required to start alcohol production (p > 0.05), similar to that observed in the laboratory under strictly controlled micro-vinification experiments. The maximum intensity of ethanol production (MIE) varied between 0.64 - 2.59 mM ethanol per hour. The coefficients of second-order polynomial equations describing the dynamics of alcohol production in both laboratory micro-scale and medium-scale experiments in cellars revealed similar correlations regarding the interaction of factor groups regulating the process: the constant (time-independent) and secondary (time-dependent) coefficients of these polynomes counteracted to the primary (time dependent) ones strictly in the strain-dependent manner, and the role of these three factors groups varied also in a strain dependent manner during the vinification process independently of the varying circumstances in three vintages.
{"title":"Vintage Effect on the Strain Dependent Dynamics of Ethanol Production in Vineries of Tokaj","authors":"Zoltán Kállai, Gyula Oros","doi":"10.4236/ABB.2021.121003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABB.2021.121003","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of ethanol production of local strains of three yeast species and their ternary mixtures was examined in two Tokaj vineries. Although, the performance of them diverged significantly in first etaps of vinification—up to the utilization of half of the sugar content of grape juice—the variations vintages per vintages surpassed the strain-dependent alterations. The divergence in the latter aspect diminished during the last etap, and the ethanol concentration in young wines fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. uvarum and Starmerella bacillaris (2 local strains of each) and their mixtures did not vary considerably (c.v. 4.2%). The vinification of grape juice performed more rapidly in fermentors inoculated with strains of S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum and St. bacillaris as well as with their mixtures than in spontaneously initiated ones by wild mycoflora in each vintage. The strains responded in different manners to conditions vintage per vintage, however, their ternary mixtures always fermented more intensively the grape juice than the strains alone. The strains affected the dynamics of alcohol production to different extents, but the alterations between them exceeded the variation between the average effects of the species. The circumstances of vinification significantly influenced the subsequent events of fermentation, but the maximum intensity of ethanol production was inversely proportional to the time required to start alcohol production (p > 0.05), similar to that observed in the laboratory under strictly controlled micro-vinification experiments. The maximum intensity of ethanol production (MIE) varied between 0.64 - 2.59 mM ethanol per hour. The coefficients of second-order polynomial equations describing the dynamics of alcohol production in both laboratory micro-scale and medium-scale experiments in cellars revealed similar correlations regarding the interaction of factor groups regulating the process: the constant (time-independent) and secondary (time-dependent) coefficients of these polynomes counteracted to the primary (time dependent) ones strictly in the strain-dependent manner, and the role of these three factors groups varied also in a strain dependent manner during the vinification process independently of the varying circumstances in three vintages.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":"31-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/abb.2021.1212029
Oumar Ba, A. Dieme, A. L. Ndoye, M. Sy
Annona muricata L. and Annona squamosa L. are tropical species whose fleshy fruit is edible. They offer real possibilities for socio-economic use, particularly in the fields of medicine, nutrition, ecosystem conservation and the poverty alleviation. This study was set up to evaluate different methods of micropropagation from juvenile material for the regeneration of these species. Thus, MS medium supplemented with [BAP 2 mg·L −1 ] i.e. M2 produced 2.87 newly formed shoots from the cotyledonary nodes of A. muricata. For the terminal apices of A. squamosa, it was MMS medium supplemented with [BAP 2 mg·L −1 ] i.e. MM2 that was most conducive to new shoot formation (3.12). The addition of 0.1 and 0.2 mg·L −1 of NAA in the M2 medium, made it possible to have the best elongations and average number of nodes for the new shoots from
{"title":"In Vitro Clonal Propagation from Juvenile and Different Explant Types of Two Edible Annonaceae Species: Annona muricata L. and Annona squamosa L.","authors":"Oumar Ba, A. Dieme, A. L. Ndoye, M. Sy","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.1212029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.1212029","url":null,"abstract":"Annona muricata L. and Annona squamosa L. are tropical species whose fleshy fruit is edible. They offer real possibilities for socio-economic use, particularly in the fields of medicine, nutrition, ecosystem conservation and the poverty alleviation. This study was set up to evaluate different methods of micropropagation from juvenile material for the regeneration of these species. Thus, MS medium supplemented with [BAP 2 mg·L −1 ] i.e. M2 produced 2.87 newly formed shoots from the cotyledonary nodes of A. muricata. For the terminal apices of A. squamosa, it was MMS medium supplemented with [BAP 2 mg·L −1 ] i.e. MM2 that was most conducive to new shoot formation (3.12). The addition of 0.1 and 0.2 mg·L −1 of NAA in the M2 medium, made it possible to have the best elongations and average number of nodes for the new shoots from","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The liver function tests (LFTs) remain one of the most commonly employed clinical measures for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. LFTs sometimes referred to as hepatic panel help to determine the health of liver, monitor the progression of a disease and measure the severity of a disease particularly scarring or cirrhosis of the liver. Aims: In this study, we present a new approach to evaluate the natural progression of liver disease through the assessment of eight biochemical parameters: serum total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as well as two machine learning (ML) tools—Random Forest and CART to substantive the outcome. Methods: The study was carried out in a total of 100 subjects which included healthy controls (group I-25 patients), patients with acute hepatitis (group II-25 patients), chronic hepatitis (group III-25 patients) and hepatocellular carcinoma (group IV-25 patients) applying both biochemical and Machine Learning methods. Results: Of the eight parameters tested, all except ALP (p = 0.426), showed an overall discriminatory ability as judged by one-factor analysis of variance (p Conclusion: Acute hepatitis (group II) shows a higher level of AST, ALT and ALP compared to chronic hepatitis (group III) and hepatocellular carcinoma (group IV). Two machine learning algorithms also predicted and supported the same biochemical results by correctly classifying liver disease patients. We also recommend that the AFP test can be performed if hepatocellular carcinoma is suspected.
{"title":"Application of Biochemical Tests and Machine Learning Techniques to Diagnose and Evaluate Liver Disease","authors":"S. Akter, H. Shekhar, S. Akhteruzzaman","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.126011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.126011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The liver function tests (LFTs) remain one of the most commonly employed clinical measures for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. LFTs sometimes referred to as hepatic panel help to determine the health of liver, monitor the progression of a disease and measure the severity of a disease particularly scarring or cirrhosis of the liver. Aims: In this study, we present a new approach to evaluate the natural progression of liver disease through the assessment of eight biochemical parameters: serum total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as well as two machine learning (ML) tools—Random Forest and CART to substantive the outcome. Methods: The study was carried out in a total of 100 subjects which included healthy controls (group I-25 patients), patients with acute hepatitis (group II-25 patients), chronic hepatitis (group III-25 patients) and hepatocellular carcinoma (group IV-25 patients) applying both biochemical and Machine Learning methods. Results: Of the eight parameters tested, all except ALP (p = 0.426), showed an overall discriminatory ability as judged by one-factor analysis of variance (p Conclusion: Acute hepatitis (group II) shows a higher level of AST, ALT and ALP compared to chronic hepatitis (group III) and hepatocellular carcinoma (group IV). Two machine learning algorithms also predicted and supported the same biochemical results by correctly classifying liver disease patients. We also recommend that the AFP test can be performed if hepatocellular carcinoma is suspected.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adenes Teixeira Alves, Dimas José Lasmar, I. P. A. Miranda, J. Chaar, J. S. Reis
This review article addresses the use of biological activated carbon in water treatment and its techniques for its development, with the premise of analyz-ing the potential of Activated Carbon (AC) in the treatment of water for human consumption. For this end, it aims to identify the techniques used for the production of AC, use and its benefits, production from vegetable waste for water treatment. Activated carbon has the ability to selectively collect gases, liquids and impurities inside its pores, which is the reason it is widely used in filtration systems and for that the treatment of water, the coal fulfills the function of adsorbent, retaining in its pores certain types of impurities: large particles that cause undesirable color, taste or odor in the water. In the treatment of effluents, coal is used for clarification, deodorization and purification of effluents.
{"title":"The Potential of Activated Carbon in the Treatment of Water for Human Consumption, a Study of the State of the Art and Its Techniques Used for Its Development","authors":"Adenes Teixeira Alves, Dimas José Lasmar, I. P. A. Miranda, J. Chaar, J. S. Reis","doi":"10.4236/ABB.2021.126010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ABB.2021.126010","url":null,"abstract":"This review article addresses the use of biological activated carbon in water treatment and its techniques for its development, with the premise of analyz-ing the potential of Activated Carbon (AC) in the treatment of water for human consumption. For this end, it aims to identify the techniques used for the production of AC, use and its benefits, production from vegetable waste for water treatment. Activated carbon has the ability to selectively collect gases, liquids and impurities inside its pores, which is the reason it is widely used in filtration systems and for that the treatment of water, the coal fulfills the function of adsorbent, retaining in its pores certain types of impurities: large particles that cause undesirable color, taste or odor in the water. In the treatment of effluents, coal is used for clarification, deodorization and purification of effluents.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/abb.2021.1212027
S. Islam, M. Azad, M. Islam, Mst. Samia Sultana, J. Khatun, Md. Huzzatul Islam
Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary is the most devastating disease of potato. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ten botanical extracts against the late blight disease incidence and severity in experimental potato field at University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh during 2019-2020. Crude aqueous extract of leaves of Syzygium cumini, Psidium guajava, Eucalyptus globusus, Carica papaya and Lawsonia inermis; fruits of Terminalia bellirica, T. chebula and Piper nigrum; flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum and cloves of Allium sativum were used at 5% (w/v) concentration for evaluation. Out of ten botanicals, Syzygium cumini leaves extract was found most effective in controlling the late blight disease incidence and severity up to 66 DAS (days after sowing) and increased the potato yield by 71.29% compare to untreated control. The efficacy of Lawsonia inermis extract against late blight disease was found promising and increased the potato yield by 48.51%. Other four botanical extracts (Terminalia chebula, Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum and Carica papaya) showed moderate efficacy against the incidence and severity of late blight disease, and increased 30% more potato yield compare to control. These results suggest that botanical extract of Syzygium cumini has a great potential as an alternative of chemical fungicides to control the late blight disease of potato in eco-friendly way.
{"title":"Efficacy of Some Botanical Extracts on the Control of Late Blight Disease in Experimental Potato Field","authors":"S. Islam, M. Azad, M. Islam, Mst. Samia Sultana, J. Khatun, Md. Huzzatul Islam","doi":"10.4236/abb.2021.1212027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2021.1212027","url":null,"abstract":"Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary is the most devastating disease of potato. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ten botanical extracts against the late blight disease incidence and severity in experimental potato field at University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh during 2019-2020. Crude aqueous extract of leaves of Syzygium cumini, Psidium guajava, Eucalyptus globusus, Carica papaya and Lawsonia inermis; fruits of Terminalia bellirica, T. chebula and Piper nigrum; flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum and cloves of Allium sativum were used at 5% (w/v) concentration for evaluation. Out of ten botanicals, Syzygium cumini leaves extract was found most effective in controlling the late blight disease incidence and severity up to 66 DAS (days after sowing) and increased the potato yield by 71.29% compare to untreated control. The efficacy of Lawsonia inermis extract against late blight disease was found promising and increased the potato yield by 48.51%. Other four botanical extracts (Terminalia chebula, Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum and Carica papaya) showed moderate efficacy against the incidence and severity of late blight disease, and increased 30% more potato yield compare to control. These results suggest that botanical extract of Syzygium cumini has a great potential as an alternative of chemical fungicides to control the late blight disease of potato in eco-friendly way.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.4236/abb.2020.1112033
Andrew N W Bell, C. Moran
The objective of the studies in this paper was to expand on the published toxicological assessment of Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA) with further strain characterization and to investigate the potential for the biomass or extracted oil to have antimicrobial properties or undesirable substances. AURA is being investigated as a novel source of the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for enriching foods of animal origin by means of feed supplementation. In the first studies, we provided the 18S rRNA identification of the novel marine isolated thraustochytrid, established the nutritional composition of AURA biomass for application as a food or feed ingredient including proximate analysis and fatty acid profiling, and confirmed the DHA production potential of the strain. We determined through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis that the unextracted AURA biomass was safe, showing no antimicrobial influence and no evidence of any deleterious effects of this product or its extracts at concentrations up to 1% w/w on the reference human intestinal bacteria tested. This would indicate that AURA should not stimulate selective pressure on the commensal microbiota and is therefore unlikely to aid development of antimicrobial resistance and the concomitant harm to humans and animals. Further analysis revealed that the AURA biomass produced through industrial heterotrophic fermentation was free from undesirables; toxic marine microalgal metabolites, heavy metals, pesticides, microbial contaminants, and mycotoxins. Including heterotrophically-grown AURA in food or feed, up to 1% w/w, is a safe and environmentally beneficial strategy for DHA supplementation.
{"title":"Identity and Safety of a Novel Aurantiochytrium sp. for Terrestrial Heterotrophic Docosahexaenoic Acid Production","authors":"Andrew N W Bell, C. Moran","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.1112033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.1112033","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the studies in this paper was to \u0000expand on the published toxicological assessment of Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA) with further \u0000strain characterization and to investigate the potential for the biomass or \u0000extracted oil to have antimicrobial properties or undesirable substances. AURA \u0000is being investigated as a novel source of the omega-3 long-chain \u0000polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for enriching foods of \u0000animal origin by means of feed supplementation. In the first studies, we provided the 18S rRNA \u0000identification of the novel marine isolated thraustochytrid, established the \u0000nutritional composition of AURA biomass for application as a food or feed \u0000ingredient including proximate analysis and fatty acid profiling, and confirmed \u0000the DHA production potential of the strain. We determined through minimum \u0000inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis that the unextracted AURA biomass was \u0000safe, showing no antimicrobial influence and no evidence of any deleterious \u0000effects of this product or its extracts at concentrations up to 1% w/w on the \u0000reference human intestinal bacteria tested. This would indicate that AURA should not \u0000stimulate selective pressure on the commensal microbiota and is therefore \u0000unlikely to aid development of antimicrobial resistance and the concomitant \u0000harm to humans and animals. Further analysis revealed that the AURA biomass \u0000produced through industrial heterotrophic fermentation was free from \u0000undesirables; toxic marine microalgal metabolites, heavy metals, pesticides, \u0000microbial contaminants, and mycotoxins. Including heterotrophically-grown AURA \u0000in food or feed, up to 1% w/w, is a safe and environmentally beneficial \u0000strategy for DHA supplementation.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"489-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42460865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.4236/abb.2020.1111032
Paula V. D. Spencer, Tatiana P. Costa, Mirian J. Souza, N. A. D. Pinto, D. Nelson, Vivian Machado Benassi
Microorganisms have the ability to produce several metabolites, which are widely used in biotechnological processes, including the biological catalysts called enzymes. Among these enzymes, lipases are favored because they perform various catalytic reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification and transesterification. This work sought to isolate filamentous fungi from samples collected in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, analyze their macroscopic morphological characteristics, determine the effect of temperature on their growth, and verify which organisms are potential lipase producers. From four collection sites, nine fungi were isolated from the leaves and soil of the jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) tree and three fungi from the Andu bean leaves (Cajanus cajan). The macroscopic morphological characteristics of the microorganisms were analyzed. For thermophilic analysis, the twelve isolated fungi and eight obtained from the laboratory bank were cultivated in a solid Potato-Dextrose-Agar medium from 30°C to 50°C, with intervals of 5°C. The growth rate per hour after 48 hours of development was calculated. For the selection of filamentous lipase-producing fungi, the 20 fungi were cultivated in solid BDA medium at 30°C for 96 hours, and the enzyme index was calculated. It was found that, of the 20 microorganisms, 95% developed at 30°C, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, PJ8 and PJ7. At 35°C, 70% of the fungi developed, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, MB2.2 and P3. At 40°C, 40% of the fungi developed, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, PJ6 and PJ8. At 45°C, only the PJ6 and PJ12 fungi grew, and no organism grew at 50°C. In the screening for lipase production, the largest growth halo was observed for the 3.2TA fungus from the bank.
{"title":"Analysis of the Lipolytic Potential of Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Some Plants and Soil Samples in Minas Gerais, Brazil","authors":"Paula V. D. Spencer, Tatiana P. Costa, Mirian J. Souza, N. A. D. Pinto, D. Nelson, Vivian Machado Benassi","doi":"10.4236/abb.2020.1111032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2020.1111032","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms have the ability to produce several metabolites, \u0000which are widely used in biotechnological processes, including the biological catalysts \u0000called enzymes. Among these enzymes, lipases are favored because they perform various \u0000catalytic reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification and \u0000transesterification. This work sought to isolate filamentous fungi from samples \u0000collected in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, analyze their macroscopic morphological \u0000characteristics, determine the effect of temperature on their growth, and verify \u0000which organisms are potential lipase producers. From four collection sites, nine \u0000fungi were isolated from the leaves and soil of the jabuticaba (Plinia \u0000cauliflora) tree and three fungi \u0000from the Andu bean leaves (Cajanus cajan). The macroscopic morphological \u0000characteristics of the microorganisms were analyzed. For thermophilic analysis, \u0000the twelve isolated fungi and eight obtained from the laboratory bank were cultivated \u0000in a solid Potato-Dextrose-Agar medium from 30°C to 50°C, with intervals \u0000of 5°C. The growth rate per hour after \u000048 hours of development was calculated. For the selection of filamentous lipase-producing \u0000fungi, the 20 fungi were cultivated in solid BDA medium at 30°C for 96 hours, and the enzyme index was calculated. \u0000It was found that, of the 20 microorganisms, 95% developed at 30°C, and the highest growth rates were those of \u0000fungi 3.2TA, PJ8 and PJ7. At 35°C, 70% of the fungi developed, and the highest growth rates were those of \u0000fungi 3.2TA, MB2.2 and P3. At 40°C, 40% of the fungi developed, and the highest growth rates were those of \u0000fungi 3.2TA, PJ6 and PJ8. At 45°C, \u0000only the PJ6 and PJ12 fungi grew, and no organism grew at 50°C. In the screening for lipase production, the \u0000largest growth halo was observed for the 3.2TA fungus from the bank.","PeriodicalId":65405,"journal":{"name":"生命科学与技术进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44802777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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