Women have embarked on their own business ventures in unprecedented numbers in recent years. They give up lucrative jobs in the corporate sector to establish their own new businesses. This could be due to various reasons, such as frustration at hitting the “glass ceiling”, dissatisfaction with slow career advancement and unmet career expectations, and corporate downsizing. They are also fulfilling personal dreams of entrepreneurship, being their own boss, and achieving success in business. Over the years it has been men who have been at the forefront of the corporate business world. However, this trend has been challenged by several successful women entrepreneurs who have made their mark with their own success stories. Women starting their own business ventures have grown so large, so it is important now to understand whether their experiences are different from those of their male counterparts. Consequently, we are learning much more about the women who are piloting their ventures in the turbulent seas of the current economic climate. The study is concerned on understanding what theories can be applicable for the creation of women entrepreneurs to analyze the salient features for such successful creations. The research area is still in its exploratory stages, and empirical research and other relevant literature are limited. Based on the available literature, the researcher has identified three main factors that influence creation of entrepreneurs, which are mainly economic, socio-cultural, and physiological approach. The research was conducted identifying 10 successful women entrepreneurs, whose businesses are based on the non-traditional industries. They were interviewed based on the discussion guide that was developed by the researcher and the findings were analyzed using thematic network analysis. It was seen that theories like marginalization theory, theory of entrepreneurial profit, and theory of occupational uncertainty have moved out from the current context of creation of entrepreneurs
{"title":"Creation of Successful Women Entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka in the SME Sector—An Examine Towards the Learning of Entrepreneurship Theories at a Micro Level by the Women Entrepreneurs in the Non-traditional Industries of Sri Lanka","authors":"Shashithanganee Weerawansa, Subodha Samarasinghe, Zaheed Zameer","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2018.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2018.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"Women have embarked on their own business ventures in unprecedented numbers in recent years. They give up lucrative jobs in the corporate sector to establish their own new businesses. This could be due to various reasons, such as frustration at hitting the “glass ceiling”, dissatisfaction with slow career advancement and unmet career expectations, and corporate downsizing. They are also fulfilling personal dreams of entrepreneurship, being their own boss, and achieving success in business. Over the years it has been men who have been at the forefront of the corporate business world. However, this trend has been challenged by several successful women entrepreneurs who have made their mark with their own success stories. Women starting their own business ventures have grown so large, so it is important now to understand whether their experiences are different from those of their male counterparts. Consequently, we are learning much more about the women who are piloting their ventures in the turbulent seas of the current economic climate. The study is concerned on understanding what theories can be applicable for the creation of women entrepreneurs to analyze the salient features for such successful creations. The research area is still in its exploratory stages, and empirical research and other relevant literature are limited. Based on the available literature, the researcher has identified three main factors that influence creation of entrepreneurs, which are mainly economic, socio-cultural, and physiological approach. The research was conducted identifying 10 successful women entrepreneurs, whose businesses are based on the non-traditional industries. They were interviewed based on the discussion guide that was developed by the researcher and the findings were analyzed using thematic network analysis. It was seen that theories like marginalization theory, theory of entrepreneurial profit, and theory of occupational uncertainty have moved out from the current context of creation of entrepreneurs","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67487089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2018.05.004
Zhixiao Wu
{"title":"“The Economic Model of New Normality” and “The Belt and Road Initiative”: Perspectives on Intellectual Property Rights","authors":"Zhixiao Wu","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2018.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2018.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67487193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2018.05.001
Alicia Sylvia Gijón-Cruz, Cristina R. Espinosa-Rojas, Rafael G. Reyes-Morales
Survival and well-being strategies of rural households are analyzed using the model of rural household economies (MRHE). There were selected three localities of the semiarid valley of Tlacolula located in the Central Valleys region of Oaxaca state, Mexico. Equations of MRHE were constructed by regression of ordinary least squares. The information on variables was obtained through a probabilistic household survey. Thus, it was possible to measure the impact of these variables on household well-being. The results show that households in this valley are looking to diversify their income sources through several local and regional economic activities. Thus, households intend to increase their well-being level, according to the availability of resources at household and the community. International migration and government transfers are the main sources of exogenous income that allow an increase in household well-being. In addition, some households invest in small family businesses whose net income contributes to the household income. Collection and hunting are part of the lifestyle of households that have survived in this valley since pre-Hispanic times and they are just subsistence activities.
{"title":"Analysis of Subsistence and Well-Being Strategies Through a Model of Household Economics in the Tlacolula Valley of Oaxaca State, Mexico","authors":"Alicia Sylvia Gijón-Cruz, Cristina R. Espinosa-Rojas, Rafael G. Reyes-Morales","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2018.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2018.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"Survival and well-being strategies of rural households are analyzed using the model of rural household economies (MRHE). There were selected three localities of the semiarid valley of Tlacolula located in the Central Valleys region of Oaxaca state, Mexico. Equations of MRHE were constructed by regression of ordinary least squares. The information on variables was obtained through a probabilistic household survey. Thus, it was possible to measure the impact of these variables on household well-being. The results show that households in this valley are looking to diversify their income sources through several local and regional economic activities. Thus, households intend to increase their well-being level, according to the availability of resources at household and the community. International migration and government transfers are the main sources of exogenous income that allow an increase in household well-being. In addition, some households invest in small family businesses whose net income contributes to the household income. Collection and hunting are part of the lifestyle of households that have survived in this valley since pre-Hispanic times and they are just subsistence activities.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41461717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2018.05.002
Guido Migliaccio, Luigi Umberto Rossetti
China grows annually significantly, generating market opportunities for Western companies. The Chinese middle class demands qualitatively better products, typical of Italian productions. The furniture market is involved in this positive evolution. The trend of Italian exports is on the rise in the world and in China, facing still significant imports of poor quality and low-cost products. Italian exports are characterized by high quality, innovative design, and high prices, also taking advantage of the positive reputation of the “Made in Italy” brand. On the other hand, imports from China must use appropriate control systems to monitor the risks of delivery times, uncertainty from exchange rates, possible product defects got worse by the lack of assistance from the Chinese manufacturer, etc. This asymmetry in the export/import relations between Italy and China characterizes a rapidly evolving market that requires adequate specialist management skills in Italian industrial and commercial companies.
{"title":"Import and Export of Furniture Between Italy and China: A Few Problems of Italian Business Companies","authors":"Guido Migliaccio, Luigi Umberto Rossetti","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2018.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2018.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"China grows annually significantly, generating market opportunities for Western companies. The Chinese middle class demands qualitatively better products, typical of Italian productions. The furniture market is involved in this positive evolution. The trend of Italian exports is on the rise in the world and in China, facing still significant imports of poor quality and low-cost products. Italian exports are characterized by high quality, innovative design, and high prices, also taking advantage of the positive reputation of the “Made in Italy” brand. On the other hand, imports from China must use appropriate control systems to monitor the risks of delivery times, uncertainty from exchange rates, possible product defects got worse by the lack of assistance from the Chinese manufacturer, etc. This asymmetry in the export/import relations between Italy and China characterizes a rapidly evolving market that requires adequate specialist management skills in Italian industrial and commercial companies.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67486732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.002
Grzegorz Górniewicz
The present paper concerns a crucial problem of contemporary public finances, that is the public debt. The article aims, first of all, at the presentation of the scale and reasons for the public debt in the Visegrad Group countries. Apart from the definition, the causes and methods of incurring debt, the present paper demonstrates the acceptable limits of being indebted. In order to achieve such aims, comparative and statistical analysis has been applied.
{"title":"The Problem of Public Debt (The Case of Visegrad Group Countries)","authors":"Grzegorz Górniewicz","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper concerns a crucial problem of contemporary public finances, that is the public debt. The article aims, first of all, at the presentation of the scale and reasons for the public debt in the Visegrad Group countries. Apart from the definition, the causes and methods of incurring debt, the present paper demonstrates the acceptable limits of being indebted. In order to achieve such aims, comparative and statistical analysis has been applied.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.001
Reiner Osbild
While Germany is widely seen as one of the world’s economic superstars, it is about to lose a great deal of its wealth. The reason is a fundamentalist economic policy which aims at rescuing the Euro, the world clime, and solving to a great deal the world refugee crisis, paying for millions of immigrants entering the country since autumn 2015. The estimates of the risks for the current generation of taxpayers amount to some 4.8 trillion Euro, nearly 60,000 Euro per head. The author concludes that a return to a Popper-style Open Society, with ethics of responsibility replacing the ethics of conviction, would lead back to a more rational policy style. Even more, it would help to restore the rule of law, thereby being an ethical value in itself. However, at the time being, German government prefers a fundamentalist approach, neglecting conflicts of interest, direct and indirect costs, and opportunity costs, i.e., brushing aside more efficient means to achieve the “ultimate values” which picture this kind of policy.
{"title":"Fundamentalist Economic Policy","authors":"Reiner Osbild","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"While Germany is widely seen as one of the world’s economic superstars, it is about to lose a great deal of its wealth. The reason is a fundamentalist economic policy which aims at rescuing the Euro, the world clime, and solving to a great deal the world refugee crisis, paying for millions of immigrants entering the country since autumn 2015. The estimates of the risks for the current generation of taxpayers amount to some 4.8 trillion Euro, nearly 60,000 Euro per head. The author concludes that a return to a Popper-style Open Society, with ethics of responsibility replacing the ethics of conviction, would lead back to a more rational policy style. Even more, it would help to restore the rule of law, thereby being an ethical value in itself. However, at the time being, German government prefers a fundamentalist approach, neglecting conflicts of interest, direct and indirect costs, and opportunity costs, i.e., brushing aside more efficient means to achieve the “ultimate values” which picture this kind of policy.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47353780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.003
V. Fedrizzi, B. D. C. Mendes, Magda Schliemann
Valéria Luiza Pereira Fedrizzi University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Bruna de Castro Mendes University Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Magda Schliemann São Paulo Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, Brazil Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Valéria Luiza Pereira Fedrizzi圣保罗大学、巴西圣保罗联邦教育、科学和技术研究所、巴西圣保罗Bruna de Castro Mendes大学、圣保罗Anhembi Morumbi大学、圣保罗巴西联邦教育、科技研究所、，巴西圣保罗联邦教育、科学和技术研究所，巴西圣保罗
{"title":"Tourism of Events and the Campos do Jordão and Region Convention & Visitors Bureau (Brazil)","authors":"V. Fedrizzi, B. D. C. Mendes, Magda Schliemann","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Valéria Luiza Pereira Fedrizzi University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Bruna de Castro Mendes University Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Magda Schliemann São Paulo Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, Brazil Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47788580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.004
Mengjie Wang
{"title":"Given the Influences of HRM, How to Improve the Working Effectiveness of Entrepreneurial Teams","authors":"Mengjie Wang","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2018.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43491632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2018.03.003
Aneta Kosztowniak
This article contains analysis of relationship between factors of production and GDP in the Czech Republic in the period 1994-2015. The VECM model uses the variance decomposition function in order to determine the explanation degree of changes in GDP and the remaining eight macroeconomic indicators were examined in the Czech Republic in the years 1994-2015. The empirical research confirmed that the consumption demand and trade had a strong impact on GDP, towards a weak FDI impact on economic growth results from rapid fluctuations in FDI inflows and unfavourable structure of these investments. These conditions do not guarantee a stable and effective investment cycle, including new reinvestments.
{"title":"Decomposition Relationship Between Factors of Production, FDI and GDP for Czech Republic—In VECM","authors":"Aneta Kosztowniak","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2018.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2018.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"This article contains analysis of relationship between factors of production and GDP in the Czech Republic in the period 1994-2015. The VECM model uses the variance decomposition function in order to determine the explanation degree of changes in GDP and the remaining eight macroeconomic indicators were examined in the Czech Republic in the years 1994-2015. The empirical research confirmed that the consumption demand and trade had a strong impact on GDP, towards a weak FDI impact on economic growth results from rapid fluctuations in FDI inflows and unfavourable structure of these investments. These conditions do not guarantee a stable and effective investment cycle, including new reinvestments.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.17265/1537-1514/2018.03.005
P. Lambert, Jean-Paul Méreaux
The theory of structuring, which is little used in management sciences, can provide the key to understanding how current companies have been built and their evolution can be understood in terms of evolutionary theories such as Greiner’s model. What about the winegrowing groups in Champagne? In particular, it is necessary to question the evolution of these groups over time according to the different phases of their development. We shall see that contingent elements have been decisive in the construction of one of the leading groups in this sector, without following a specific model.
{"title":"Structuring and Evolution of the Winegrowing Groups of Champagne: A First Study","authors":"P. Lambert, Jean-Paul Méreaux","doi":"10.17265/1537-1514/2018.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1514/2018.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of structuring, which is little used in management sciences, can provide the key to understanding how current companies have been built and their evolution can be understood in terms of evolutionary theories such as Greiner’s model. What about the winegrowing groups in Champagne? In particular, it is necessary to question the evolution of these groups over time according to the different phases of their development. We shall see that contingent elements have been decisive in the construction of one of the leading groups in this sector, without following a specific model.","PeriodicalId":65561,"journal":{"name":"美中经济评论:英文版","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48790025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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