This paper investigates the effect of the anorectal angle on continence using a physical model of the anatomical system. A method to fabricate, measure and control a physical model for the simulation of human faecal continence is presented. A model rectum and associated soft tissues, based on geometry from an anonymised CT dataset, was fabricated from silicone and showed behavioural realism to ex vivo tissue. Simulated stool matter with similar rheological properties to human faeces was developed. Instrumentation and control hardware are used to regulate injection of simulated stool into the system, define the anorectal angle and monitor stool flow rate, intra-rectal pressure and puborectalis force. A study was then conducted in which simulated stool was introduced to the system for anorectal angles between 80° and 100°. Results obtained from the study give insight into the effect of the anorectal angle on continence. Stool leakage was reduced as the angle became more acute. Conversely, intra-rectal pressure increased. These data demonstrate that the anorectal angle is fundamental in maintaining continence. This work is valuable in helping improve our understanding of the physical behaviour of the faecal system. It has particular relevance facilitating improved technologies to treat or manage severe faecal incontinence.
{"title":"A physical simulation to investigate the effect of anorectal angle on continence","authors":"W. E. Stokes, D. Jayne, A. Alazmani, P. Culmer","doi":"10.2316/P.2017.852-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2017.852-046","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effect of the anorectal angle on continence using a physical model of the anatomical system. A method to fabricate, measure and control a physical model for the simulation of human faecal continence is presented. A model rectum and associated soft tissues, based on geometry from an anonymised CT dataset, was fabricated from silicone and showed behavioural realism to ex vivo tissue. Simulated stool matter with similar rheological properties to human faeces was developed. Instrumentation and control hardware are used to regulate injection of simulated stool into the system, define the anorectal angle and monitor stool flow rate, intra-rectal pressure and puborectalis force. A study was then conducted in which simulated stool was introduced to the system for anorectal angles between 80° and 100°. Results obtained from the study give insight into the effect of the anorectal angle on continence. Stool leakage was reduced as the angle became more acute. Conversely, intra-rectal pressure increased. These data demonstrate that the anorectal angle is fundamental in maintaining continence. This work is valuable in helping improve our understanding of the physical behaviour of the faecal system. It has particular relevance facilitating improved technologies to treat or manage severe faecal incontinence.","PeriodicalId":6635,"journal":{"name":"2017 13th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed)","volume":"10 1","pages":"168-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81834634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gait analysis gets more accessible, accurate, and simple to use as technology advances. The goal of this paper is to explore the accuracy of an advanced optical motion analysis system, where marker clusters mounted on rigid shapes are used to track the movement of body segments. It aims to examine the magnitude and nature of variation of the angular gait parameters of the lower extremities, caused by inaccuracy of the anatomical landmark placement. These landmarks are defined in the local coordinate systems of the rigid clusters through a calibration procedure, eliminating the need for skin-mounted markers. The used protocol makes it possible to evaluate the exact same motion using different calibrations, eliminating any other possible source for the variation of results. As a conclusion, a good estimation for the accuracy of the usual angular parameters in gait analysis is given. Mean anatomical landmark placement variation was found to be around 8.5 mm. The biggest standard deviations were found in the left hip flexion angle, with an average of 4.38°.
{"title":"Effect of anatomical landmark placement variation on the angular parameters of the lower extremities","authors":"Kristóf Rácz, Gergely Nagymáté, R. Kiss","doi":"10.2316/P.2017.852-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2017.852-037","url":null,"abstract":"Gait analysis gets more accessible, accurate, and simple to use as technology advances. The goal of this paper is to explore the accuracy of an advanced optical motion analysis system, where marker clusters mounted on rigid shapes are used to track the movement of body segments. It aims to examine the magnitude and nature of variation of the angular gait parameters of the lower extremities, caused by inaccuracy of the anatomical landmark placement. These landmarks are defined in the local coordinate systems of the rigid clusters through a calibration procedure, eliminating the need for skin-mounted markers. The used protocol makes it possible to evaluate the exact same motion using different calibrations, eliminating any other possible source for the variation of results. As a conclusion, a good estimation for the accuracy of the usual angular parameters in gait analysis is given. Mean anatomical landmark placement variation was found to be around 8.5 mm. The biggest standard deviations were found in the left hip flexion angle, with an average of 4.38°.","PeriodicalId":6635,"journal":{"name":"2017 13th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed)","volume":"16 1","pages":"158-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76265688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most widespread orthopedic disease that affects the elderly. The present study aims to evaluate the biomechanical effects of bilateral osteoarthritis on elderly patients compared to a control group using stabilometry parameters. The used parameters were center of pressure (CoP) 95% confidence ellipse area, CoP path length and maximum path velocity, CoP range ratio and spectral power ratio in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, load distribution between legs, largest amplitudes in AP and ML direction during a 30s bilateral quite standing trial on a Zebris FDM-S force distribution plate. Significant differences to the control group in path length, ML largest amplitude and spectral power ratio showed that bilaterally involved OA degrades postural stability as reported earlier, but new finding is that more intense CoP motions can be observed in ML direction in case of bilateral knee osteoarthritis.
{"title":"Balancing strategy differences in bilateral knee osteoarthritis patients","authors":"Gergely Nagymáté, R. Kiss","doi":"10.2316/P.2017.852-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2017.852-016","url":null,"abstract":"Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most widespread orthopedic disease that affects the elderly. The present study aims to evaluate the biomechanical effects of bilateral osteoarthritis on elderly patients compared to a control group using stabilometry parameters. The used parameters were center of pressure (CoP) 95% confidence ellipse area, CoP path length and maximum path velocity, CoP range ratio and spectral power ratio in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, load distribution between legs, largest amplitudes in AP and ML direction during a 30s bilateral quite standing trial on a Zebris FDM-S force distribution plate. Significant differences to the control group in path length, ML largest amplitude and spectral power ratio showed that bilaterally involved OA degrades postural stability as reported earlier, but new finding is that more intense CoP motions can be observed in ML direction in case of bilateral knee osteoarthritis.","PeriodicalId":6635,"journal":{"name":"2017 13th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed)","volume":"265 1","pages":"154-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76538463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yassine Talbi, Damien Brulin, E. Campo, J. Fourniols
Transdermal administration might be an interesting alternative to current routes of administration. It is non-invasive, avoids gastric side effects, and improves bioavailability of the molecules. However, due to the low permeability of the stratum corneum, a permeation enhancement strategy is required to make a large number of molecules suitable to this mode of administration. To overcome those limitations and deliver controlled drugs, a smart transdermal drug delivery system is designing. This paper focusses on the study of transdermal iontophoresis permeation of lidocaine hydrochloride (2%, w/w) across pig ear skin. In vitro iontophoresis experiments were conducted using Franz diffusion cells. Anodal iontophoresis was applied for 30 minutes at different current densities. Samples (1 mL) were withdrawn every 30 minutes from the receptor compartment and replaced with a fresh buffer and then analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results highlight the relationship between current density, time of stimulation, and amount of lidocaine permeated.
{"title":"Controlled permeation of lidocaine hydrochloride using a smart drug delivery system","authors":"Yassine Talbi, Damien Brulin, E. Campo, J. Fourniols","doi":"10.2316/P.2017.852-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2017.852-024","url":null,"abstract":"Transdermal administration might be an interesting alternative to current routes of administration. It is non-invasive, avoids gastric side effects, and improves bioavailability of the molecules. However, due to the low permeability of the stratum corneum, a permeation enhancement strategy is required to make a large number of molecules suitable to this mode of administration. To overcome those limitations and deliver controlled drugs, a smart transdermal drug delivery system is designing. This paper focusses on the study of transdermal iontophoresis permeation of lidocaine hydrochloride (2%, w/w) across pig ear skin. In vitro iontophoresis experiments were conducted using Franz diffusion cells. Anodal iontophoresis was applied for 30 minutes at different current densities. Samples (1 mL) were withdrawn every 30 minutes from the receptor compartment and replaced with a fresh buffer and then analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results highlight the relationship between current density, time of stimulation, and amount of lidocaine permeated.","PeriodicalId":6635,"journal":{"name":"2017 13th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed)","volume":"76 1","pages":"134-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88580048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Gümüş, Andreas Bahr, L. A. Saleh, D. Schroeder, W. Krautschneider
For an implantable system for the recording of brain signals from neonatal mice the design specifications for the weight and the size of a implantable system are very tough. The animals are very small and light weight (1–3 cm, 2– 3 g) and the recording data rate is very high (3,5 Mbit/s). Thus, the system has to be extremely small. With state of the art technique it is not possible to set up a wireless implantable system that is suitable for a neonatal mouse. Thus a wired system is developed. For the wired system the connector is a size limiting factor. In wired transmission systems single ended and differential signalling are available. Differential signalling is more robust against noise disturbances, single ended transmission is beneficial with respect to a minimum number of wires and chip area. A detailed comparison of the suitability of both transmission types for wired implantable systems has been performed. A Serial Peripheral Interface connection with Reed Solomon Encoder connection has been implemented. Reed Solomon Error Correction is used to correct the errors occurring on the wired transmission line. Measurements of data rate and error rate for single ended and differential signalling have been performed for long cables (up to 1.8 m). It could be shown that single ended transmission is favourable for the desired application. For the detection and correction of errors occurring on high speed Serial Peripheral Interface Reed Solomon decoding on FPGA was used. This particular decoder design has capability of correcting up to 2 symbol errors on a packet of data composed of 9 symbols where each symbol is 4 bits long. Complete error correction takes about 65 clock cycles on a speed up to 100 MHz.
{"title":"Comparison of single ended and differential signalling for wired biomedical implants using SPI communication with Reed Solomon Error Correction codes","authors":"C. Gümüş, Andreas Bahr, L. A. Saleh, D. Schroeder, W. Krautschneider","doi":"10.2316/P.2017.852-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2017.852-001","url":null,"abstract":"For an implantable system for the recording of brain signals from neonatal mice the design specifications for the weight and the size of a implantable system are very tough. The animals are very small and light weight (1–3 cm, 2– 3 g) and the recording data rate is very high (3,5 Mbit/s). Thus, the system has to be extremely small. With state of the art technique it is not possible to set up a wireless implantable system that is suitable for a neonatal mouse. Thus a wired system is developed. For the wired system the connector is a size limiting factor. In wired transmission systems single ended and differential signalling are available. Differential signalling is more robust against noise disturbances, single ended transmission is beneficial with respect to a minimum number of wires and chip area. A detailed comparison of the suitability of both transmission types for wired implantable systems has been performed. A Serial Peripheral Interface connection with Reed Solomon Encoder connection has been implemented. Reed Solomon Error Correction is used to correct the errors occurring on the wired transmission line. Measurements of data rate and error rate for single ended and differential signalling have been performed for long cables (up to 1.8 m). It could be shown that single ended transmission is favourable for the desired application. For the detection and correction of errors occurring on high speed Serial Peripheral Interface Reed Solomon decoding on FPGA was used. This particular decoder design has capability of correcting up to 2 symbol errors on a packet of data composed of 9 symbols where each symbol is 4 bits long. Complete error correction takes about 65 clock cycles on a speed up to 100 MHz.","PeriodicalId":6635,"journal":{"name":"2017 13th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed)","volume":"14 1","pages":"114-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79420848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose a novel patient-specific electrocardiogram (ECG) classification algorithm based on the recurrent neural networks (RNN) and density based clustering technique. We use RNN to learn time correlation among ECG signal points and to classify ECG beats with different heart rates. Morphology information including the present beat and the T wave of former beat is fed into RNN to learn underlying features automatically. Clustering method is employed to find representative beats as the training data. Evaluated on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, the experimental results show that proposed algorithm achieves the state-of-the-art classification performance.
{"title":"Patient-specific ECG classification based on recurrent neural networks and clustering technique","authors":"Chenshuang Zhang, Guijin Wang, Jingwei Zhao, Pengfei Gao, Jianping Lin, Huazhong Yang","doi":"10.2316/P.2017.852-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2017.852-029","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel patient-specific electrocardiogram (ECG) classification algorithm based on the recurrent neural networks (RNN) and density based clustering technique. We use RNN to learn time correlation among ECG signal points and to classify ECG beats with different heart rates. Morphology information including the present beat and the T wave of former beat is fed into RNN to learn underlying features automatically. Clustering method is employed to find representative beats as the training data. Evaluated on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, the experimental results show that proposed algorithm achieves the state-of-the-art classification performance.","PeriodicalId":6635,"journal":{"name":"2017 13th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed)","volume":"361 1","pages":"63-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78115169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Parra, Wilson Valdez, Andrea Guevara, Priscila Cedillo, Jose Ortíz-Segarra
Assistive Technology (AT) maintains and improves the individual's functioning and independence, thereby promoting their well-being. But today only 1 from each 10 people in need have access to AT due to high costs and a lack of awareness, availability, personal training, policy and financing. By 2050, more than 2 billion people will need at least 1 assistive product with many elderly needing 2 or more. Elderly make important contributions to the society. Though some people aged well, other become frail, with a high risk of disease. In this paper, we propose a first approach related the design of AT device. This uses open source technologies and gives a new choice in taking medication dosages. “The Intelligent PillBox” allows the organization of several medication schedules that health disorders presented in elderly need basically. Arduino Mega 2560 was took as the principal controller. This prototype contains; a programmable alarm system with an automatic opening and closing system, an interactive user interface and a notification system through GSM network. The development of this device is focused in the support of elderly people and other vulnerable groups that may need for an assisted care.
辅助技术(AT)维持和改善个人的功能和独立性，从而促进他们的福祉。但今天，由于成本高昂以及缺乏认识、可获得性、个人培训、政策和资金，每10个有需要的人中只有1人能够获得辅助治疗。到2050年，将有超过20亿人需要至少一种辅助产品，许多老年人需要两种或更多。老年人对社会做出了重要贡献。虽然有些人老得很好，但其他人变得虚弱，患病的风险很高。在本文中，我们提出了一种与AT器件设计相关的第一种方法。它使用了开源技术，并在服用药物剂量方面提供了新的选择。“智能药盒”允许组织老年人健康障碍基本需要的几种药物时间表。采用Arduino Mega 2560作为主控制器。这个原型包含;具有自动启闭系统、交互式用户界面和通过GSM网络的通知系统的可编程报警系统。该设备的开发重点是为老年人和其他可能需要辅助护理的弱势群体提供支持。
{"title":"Intelligent pillbox: Automatic and programmable Assistive Technology device","authors":"Juan Parra, Wilson Valdez, Andrea Guevara, Priscila Cedillo, Jose Ortíz-Segarra","doi":"10.2316/P.2017.852-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2017.852-051","url":null,"abstract":"Assistive Technology (AT) maintains and improves the individual's functioning and independence, thereby promoting their well-being. But today only 1 from each 10 people in need have access to AT due to high costs and a lack of awareness, availability, personal training, policy and financing. By 2050, more than 2 billion people will need at least 1 assistive product with many elderly needing 2 or more. Elderly make important contributions to the society. Though some people aged well, other become frail, with a high risk of disease. In this paper, we propose a first approach related the design of AT device. This uses open source technologies and gives a new choice in taking medication dosages. “The Intelligent PillBox” allows the organization of several medication schedules that health disorders presented in elderly need basically. Arduino Mega 2560 was took as the principal controller. This prototype contains; a programmable alarm system with an automatic opening and closing system, an interactive user interface and a notification system through GSM network. The development of this device is focused in the support of elderly people and other vulnerable groups that may need for an assisted care.","PeriodicalId":6635,"journal":{"name":"2017 13th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed)","volume":"91 1","pages":"74-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84020196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.15496/PUBLIKATION-25167
Jörg Peter, M. Spüler, W. Rosenstiel, Wilfried Klingert, A. Königsrainer, M. Schenk
Measurement of the activated clotting time (ACT) is an important and regularly performed task in hospitals for thrombosis prevention. Required adjustments of anticoagulation therapy are most often done manually by using a therapeutic look-up table adapted to patient weight. This process is prone to human errors and an automated solution for calculating the required change and readjusting the individual infusion rate of an anticoagulant therefore would provide benefits. Currently no automated blood anticoagulation system is available and we thus decided to expand an existing ACT measurement device with real-time reporting capabilities. We intercepted the electrical signals to the device's seven segment displays and converted the electrical signals of the numbers using a Raspberry Pi. Then an automated closed-loop heparinization following a look-up table approach as used in clinical practice was implemented. To prove the feasibility of the system, a successful test for 96 hours in an anaesthetized animal was performed. While this study has shown that automatic closed-loop adaptation in a medical environment is feasible, we discuss possible implications of this approach, outline open problems and address issues that need to be solved towards a more automated and better medical care in general.
{"title":"Automated therapeutic anticoagulation: A closed-loop approach using a modified measurement device","authors":"Jörg Peter, M. Spüler, W. Rosenstiel, Wilfried Klingert, A. Königsrainer, M. Schenk","doi":"10.15496/PUBLIKATION-25167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15496/PUBLIKATION-25167","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of the activated clotting time (ACT) is an important and regularly performed task in hospitals for thrombosis prevention. Required adjustments of anticoagulation therapy are most often done manually by using a therapeutic look-up table adapted to patient weight. This process is prone to human errors and an automated solution for calculating the required change and readjusting the individual infusion rate of an anticoagulant therefore would provide benefits. Currently no automated blood anticoagulation system is available and we thus decided to expand an existing ACT measurement device with real-time reporting capabilities. We intercepted the electrical signals to the device's seven segment displays and converted the electrical signals of the numbers using a Raspberry Pi. Then an automated closed-loop heparinization following a look-up table approach as used in clinical practice was implemented. To prove the feasibility of the system, a successful test for 96 hours in an anaesthetized animal was performed. While this study has shown that automatic closed-loop adaptation in a medical environment is feasible, we discuss possible implications of this approach, outline open problems and address issues that need to be solved towards a more automated and better medical care in general.","PeriodicalId":6635,"journal":{"name":"2017 13th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed)","volume":"26 1","pages":"224-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83844347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yann Facchinello, E. Wagnac, B. Ung, Y. Petit, Prabin Pradhan, Louis-Marie Peyrache, J. Mac-Thiong
In vitro replication of traumatic spinal cord injury is necessary to understand its biomechanics and to improve prevention devices and care. During the trauma, the spinal cord withstands an impaction at high velocity. In order to fully assess spinal cord compression, a physical spinal cord surrogate instrumented with bare optical fibers is a promising avenue. The sensing is based on light transmission loss observed in optical fibers subjected to bending. In this paper, the role of the fibers' position within the surrogate is presented and discussed. The closer the fiber from the surface of the spinal cord, the more sensitive it is to small compression magnitude. A threshold value of 15 % was observed for the fiber located at the upper surface of the surrogate. However, this fiber was not able to record compression over 40 %. Another fiber located in the middle of the surrogate was needed to record compression between 40 % to 85 %. Using two fibers allows continuous recording of compressions ranging from 15 % to 85 %. This study shows the relevance of using multiple fibers in order to fully assess the compression of the spinal cord surrogate.
{"title":"Instrumented spinal cord surrogate using optical fiber: Role of the fiber's location","authors":"Yann Facchinello, E. Wagnac, B. Ung, Y. Petit, Prabin Pradhan, Louis-Marie Peyrache, J. Mac-Thiong","doi":"10.2316/P.2017.852-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2017.852-028","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro replication of traumatic spinal cord injury is necessary to understand its biomechanics and to improve prevention devices and care. During the trauma, the spinal cord withstands an impaction at high velocity. In order to fully assess spinal cord compression, a physical spinal cord surrogate instrumented with bare optical fibers is a promising avenue. The sensing is based on light transmission loss observed in optical fibers subjected to bending. In this paper, the role of the fibers' position within the surrogate is presented and discussed. The closer the fiber from the surface of the spinal cord, the more sensitive it is to small compression magnitude. A threshold value of 15 % was observed for the fiber located at the upper surface of the surrogate. However, this fiber was not able to record compression over 40 %. Another fiber located in the middle of the surrogate was needed to record compression between 40 % to 85 %. Using two fibers allows continuous recording of compressions ranging from 15 % to 85 %. This study shows the relevance of using multiple fibers in order to fully assess the compression of the spinal cord surrogate.","PeriodicalId":6635,"journal":{"name":"2017 13th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed)","volume":"134 1","pages":"229-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88887726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqsa Shakeel, Hafsah Ahmad, M. S. Navid, Amnah Mahroo, M. N. Anwar
Motor skills are generally acquired by means of practice. This procedure comprised of acquiring particular task requirements by overruling intrinsic tendencies. The objectives of the present study were; to induce plasticity through bimanual finger tapping task; and to determine the influence of presence or absence of performance feedback on training. Behavioural data from 16 healthy subjects was recorded. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. First group performed bimanual finger tapping task according to 2∶1 mode with feedback (TF). Second group performed bimanual finger tapping task according to 2∶1 mode without feedback (TNF). All subjects performing Tapping task either with or without feedback improved their performance at the end of practice. However, TF performed better than TNF, F (1,14) = 22.378, p<0.01. The results illustrate that practice of 2∶1 task with feedback leads to augmented motor experience reflecting better practice driven plasticity.
运动技能一般是通过练习获得的。这个过程包括通过推翻内在倾向来获得特定的任务要求。本研究的目的是:通过双手手指敲击任务诱导可塑性;并确定是否存在绩效反馈对培训的影响。记录16名健康受试者的行为数据。他们被随机分成两组。第一组按2∶1反馈模式进行双手手指敲击任务。第二组按2∶1无反馈模式(TNF)进行双手手指轻敲任务。在练习结束时，所有受试者在有或没有反馈的情况下进行敲击任务，他们的表现都有所提高。但TF优于TNF, F (1,14) = 22.378, p<0.01。结果表明，2∶1任务反馈练习导致运动体验增强，反映出较好的练习驱动可塑性。
{"title":"Performance feedback assists practice driven plasticity","authors":"Aqsa Shakeel, Hafsah Ahmad, M. S. Navid, Amnah Mahroo, M. N. Anwar","doi":"10.2316/P.2017.852-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2017.852-009","url":null,"abstract":"Motor skills are generally acquired by means of practice. This procedure comprised of acquiring particular task requirements by overruling intrinsic tendencies. The objectives of the present study were; to induce plasticity through bimanual finger tapping task; and to determine the influence of presence or absence of performance feedback on training. Behavioural data from 16 healthy subjects was recorded. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. First group performed bimanual finger tapping task according to 2∶1 mode with feedback (TF). Second group performed bimanual finger tapping task according to 2∶1 mode without feedback (TNF). All subjects performing Tapping task either with or without feedback improved their performance at the end of practice. However, TF performed better than TNF, F (1,14) = 22.378, p<0.01. The results illustrate that practice of 2∶1 task with feedback leads to augmented motor experience reflecting better practice driven plasticity.","PeriodicalId":6635,"journal":{"name":"2017 13th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed)","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87210605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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