Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology最新文献_第10页

Synthesis and characterization of β-spodumene by a new sol–gel route assisted by whey protein 在乳清蛋白辅助下通过新型溶胶-凝胶路线合成β-spodumene 并确定其特性

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06484-9

Ricardo Ferrari Ferraz, Maria da Conceição Costa Pereira, Raquel Aline Pessoa Oliveira

Spodumene (LiAlSi₂O₆) has gained attention due to its versatile applications, which include ionizing radiation dosimetry, observed in either monoclinic (α-spodumene) or tetragonal (β-spodumene) symmetries. β-spodumene has been produced by solid-state reactions and conventional sol–gel methods, which are challenging due to the need for high temperatures and costly reagents, respectively. Alternative routes like the Pechini method and proteic sol–gel methods are promising because they can reduce production costs and environmental pollution. This paper aims to synthesize and characterize β-spodumene using a new sol–gel route assisted by whey protein. In this method, proteins act as chelating agents, aiding in the formation of stable colloidal solutions (sol) containing inorganic precursors. These solutions undergo gelation processes to form a solid connected porous structure (gel), which can then be thermally treated to promote crystallization and obtain the desired material. The process involved subjecting the material to thermal treatments exceeding 800 °C, leading to the crystallization of β-spodumene structure at 1000 °C. Additionally, a thermal treatment at 1100 °C facilitated the elimination of residual sulfur (S) resulting from protein combustion. For sample characterizations, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements were performed. Preliminary results indicate that β-spodumene was successfully synthesized using the new sol–gel route assisted by whey protein. The potential of whey protein as an eco-friendly chelating agent is highlighted, suggesting possible environmental benefits and paving the way for future advancements in this research area.

Graphical Abstract

十二烷（LiAlSi2O6）因其用途广泛而备受关注，其中包括电离辐射剂量测定，其对称性为单斜（α-十二烷）或四方（β-十二烷）。β-spodumene是通过固态反应和传统的溶胶-凝胶法生产的，由于需要高温和昂贵的试剂，这两种方法都具有挑战性。Pechini 法和蛋白溶胶-凝胶法等替代方法可以降低生产成本和环境污染，因此前景广阔。本文旨在利用乳清蛋白辅助的新型溶胶-凝胶法合成β-spodumene，并对其进行表征。在这种方法中，蛋白质充当螯合剂，帮助形成含有无机前体的稳定胶体溶液（溶胶）。这些溶液经过凝胶化过程，形成固态连接的多孔结构（凝胶），然后经过热处理，促进结晶，得到所需的材料。这一过程包括对材料进行超过 800 °C 的热处理，从而在 1000 °C 时结晶出β-spodumene 结构。此外，1100 ℃ 的热处理还有助于消除蛋白质燃烧产生的残余硫（S）。在样品表征方面，进行了热重分析（TGA）、差热分析（DTA）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和 X 射线荧光（XRF）测量。初步结果表明，在乳清蛋白的辅助下，采用新的溶胶-凝胶路线成功合成了β-spodumene。乳清蛋白作为一种生态友好型螯合剂的潜力得到了强调，这表明它可能具有环境效益，并为这一研究领域的未来发展铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Cement kiln dust-based geopolymer: Microstructural investigation and performances optimization through response surface methodology 水泥窑粉尘基土工聚合物：微观结构研究和通过响应面方法优化性能

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06479-6

Abdellah Mourak, Mohamed Hajjaji

Cement kiln dust (CKD), which consisted of mullite, quartz, fused silica, and calcite (49, 23, 11, and 10 mass%, respectively) was alkali-activated ([NaOH]: 4–12 M) and cured under different conditions (25 ≤ T ≤ 85 °C, time (t): up to 30 days). The microstructure of the cured samples was investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical/physical properties of the cured samples were related to the above factors using response surface methodology. The results showed that increasing the levels of these factors enhanced the reactivity of mullite and quartz, leading thus to the formation of hydrosodalite along with geopolymer. Conversely, a pseudo-amorphous phase along with a limited amount of geopolymer occurred with lower levels of the factors. Moreover, samples prepared with concentrated solutions of NaOH or cured at high temperatures were the object of the formation of zeolite ZK, and semi-crystallized hydroxysodalite, respectively. Tobermorite and hydroxysodalite were formed at long and short curing times, respectively. The mechanical/physical properties of the cured samples were well related to the operating factors through quadratic models, and their changes were discussed in relation to the microstructure characterization. The results of the desirability approach demonstrated that the optimal values for bending strength, compressive strength, porosity, and water absorption (10.4 MPa, 9.1 MPa, 16.4%, and 28%, respectively) are obtained at: [NaOH] = 10 M, T = 73 °C, and t = 23 days. In light of these results, the CKD is suitable as a binder for mortar and bricks.

Graphical Abstract

水泥窑粉尘（CKD）由莫来石、石英、熔融石英和方解石（质量百分比分别为 49、23、11 和 10）组成，经碱活化（[NaOH]：4-12 M）并在不同条件下固化（25 ≤ T ≤ 85 °C，时间（t）：最长 30 天）。使用 X 射线衍射、傅立叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜研究了固化样品的微观结构。利用响应面方法将固化样品的机械/物理特性与上述因素联系起来。结果表明，提高这些因素的水平会增强莫来石和石英的反应活性，从而导致水合钠长石和土工聚合物的形成。相反，如果这些因素的水平较低，则会出现假变质相和数量有限的土工聚合物。此外，用浓 NaOH 溶液制备的样品或在高温下固化的样品分别形成了沸石 ZK 和半结晶羟基钠长石。在较长和较短的固化时间内分别形成了托贝莫来石和羟基钠长石。通过二次方程模型，固化样品的机械/物理特性与操作因素密切相关，并结合微观结构特征讨论了它们的变化。可取性方法的结果表明，弯曲强度、抗压强度、孔隙率和吸水率的最佳值（分别为 10.4 兆帕、9.1 兆帕、16.4% 和 28%）出现在以下条件下：[NaOH] = 10 M，T = 73 °C，t = 23 天。根据这些结果，CKD 适合用作砂浆和砖的粘结剂。

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引用次数: 0

Sol-gel synthesized CuO nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for sunlight-catalytic methylene blue degradation and nanofluid applications 在还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料上支撑的溶胶凝胶合成氧化铜纳米粒子在阳光下催化亚甲基蓝降解和纳米流体中的应用

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06469-8

Yuvaraj Haldorai, Raju Suresh Kumar, Sivalingam Ramesh, R. T. Rajendra Kumar, Woochul Yang

The presence of organic dye contaminations has been a major concern in recent years. Metal oxides and their composite have created a huge interest in the degradation of organic pollutants utilizing particularly direct sunlight has been investigated recently. This study demonstrated a facile sol-gel-assisted synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite for solar light-assisted removal of methylene blue (MB) dye and nanofluids applications. Transmission electron microscopic images displayed that the CuO NPs, which had a mean diameter of 30 nm, were dispersed on the rGO surface. The composite photocatalyst demonstrated a 92% degradation rate for MB dye. In addition, the study examined the impact of photocatalyst quantity, concentration of MB, and pH on MB degradation. A study on radical scavenging demonstrated that the generation of superoxide radicals was the main factor responsible for the degradation of MB. The stability test demonstrated that the degradation efficiency of the MB did not exhibit a substantial reduction after four consecutive cycles. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of CuO/rGO nanofluids depends on the particle concentration and temperature. The thermal conductivity enhancement of the nanofluids with a 0.07% volume fraction at 65 °C in deionized water and ethylene glycol was found to be 47.5% and 30.3%, respectively.

Graphical Abstract

近年来，有机染料污染问题一直备受关注。金属氧化物及其复合材料在利用阳光直接照射降解有机污染物方面引起了人们的极大兴趣。本研究展示了一种简单的溶胶-凝胶辅助合成氧化铜（CuO）纳米粒子（NPs）的方法，该方法将氧化铜分散在还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）复合材料上，用于太阳光辅助去除亚甲基蓝（MB）染料和纳米流体。透射电子显微镜图像显示，平均直径为 30 纳米的 CuO NPs 分散在 rGO 表面。这种复合光催化剂对 MB 染料的降解率高达 92%。此外，研究还考察了光催化剂数量、甲基溴浓度和 pH 值对甲基溴降解的影响。自由基清除研究表明，超氧自由基的产生是导致甲基溴降解的主要因素。稳定性测试表明，经过连续四个循环后，甲基溴的降解效率并未出现大幅下降。此外，CuO/rGO 纳米流体的热导率取决于颗粒浓度和温度。在 65 ℃ 的去离子水和乙二醇中，体积分数为 0.07% 的纳米流体的导热率分别提高了 47.5% 和 30.3%。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of sintering temperature on structural, electrical, dielectric, and magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) ceramics prepared using powder derived via Sol-Gel auto-combustion 烧结温度对通过溶胶-凝胶自燃法获得的粉末制备的镁铁氧体 (MgFe2O4) 陶瓷的结构、电气、介电和磁性能的影响

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06472-z

Sudhanshu Kumar, K. Sreenivas

Polycrystalline magnesium ferrite (MgFe₂O₄) ceramics were prepared using as-prepared MgFe₂O₄ powder derived via sol-gel auto combustion method, and the influence of sintering temperature on the structural, electrical, dielectric, and magnetic properties of bulk ceramics have been examined. Ceramic microstructure with increased grain size, crystallite size, and densification is found to improve with increasing sintering temperatures (1100 to 1200 °C/4 h). Sintering conditions (temp. and time) are optimized. The influence of grain and grain boundaries (GB’s) on electrical and dielectric properties is analysed over a wide frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. Ceramic sintered at 1200 °C/4 h exhibit low dc conductivity (σ_dc = 2.48 × 10⁻⁹ Ω⁻¹cm⁻¹) and a stable frequency independent dielectric constant ɛ´ ~ 15. DC conductivity determined from impedance Cole-Cole plot analysis is shown to be in close agreement with the dc conductivity estimated from ac conductivity analysis using Jonscher’s power law. Saturation magnetisation (M_S) increases, and coercivity (H_C) decreases with increase in sintering temperature. In comparison to powders, the large crystallite size (117 nm) in dense ceramics is indicative of a larger domain size with (M_S = 38 emu/g), and the well-connected ceramic grains lead to a low coercive field (H_C = 21 Oe).

Graphical Abstract

利用溶胶-凝胶自燃法制备的镁铁氧体粉末制备了多晶镁铁氧体（MgFe2O4）陶瓷，并研究了烧结温度对块状陶瓷的结构、电学、介电和磁学性能的影响。研究发现，随着烧结温度（1100 至 1200 °C/4 h）的升高，陶瓷微观结构的晶粒大小、晶粒尺寸和致密化程度都有所提高。对烧结条件（温度和时间）进行了优化。在 0.1 Hz 至 1 MHz 的宽频率范围内，分析了晶粒和晶粒边界（GB）对电气和介电特性的影响。在 1200 °C/4 h 下烧结的陶瓷表现出较低的直流电导率（σdc = 2.48 × 10-9 Ω-1cm-1）和稳定的与频率无关的介电常数ɛ´ ~ 15。通过阻抗科尔-科尔图分析确定的直流电导率与使用容舍幂律进行交流电导率分析估算的直流电导率非常一致。随着烧结温度的升高，饱和磁化率（MS）升高，矫顽力（HC）降低。与粉末相比，致密陶瓷的结晶尺寸大（117 nm），表明畴尺寸更大（MS = 38 emu/g），而且陶瓷晶粒连接良好，导致矫顽力场低（HC = 21 Oe）。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of nano-silica on mechanical properties and microstructure of high-volume ground granulated blast furnace slag cement paste 纳米二氧化硅对高炉矿渣水泥浆力学性能和微观结构的影响

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06459-w

Qinqiang Wang, Kangbing Ma, Tao Liu

Incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) as a supplementary cementitious material in cementitious materials can reduce the cement content and improve the performance of cement-based materials. However, adding GBS especially in large quantities, tends to decrease the early-age performance of cement-based materials, such as reducing early strength, increasing porosity, etc. This study introduced nanosilica (NS) into cementitious materials with a high volume GBS to address the deficiencies in early-age performance. This study aims to investigate and discuss the influence of NS on the mechanical properties and microstructure of cementitious materials with a high-volume GBS. The compressive strength, composition of hydration products, distribution of pores, composition of pore structure and microscopic morphology were tested and analyzed. Results showed a significant strength reduction in high-volume GBS (60 wt% GBS) cement paste when compared with pure cement paste samples. NS demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in the strength of high-volume GBS-contained samples in 3 and 7 days. The positive impact of NS on the strength of high-volume GBS-contained samples remained evident at 28 days of age. NS facilitated the hydration of C₃S and C₂S in high-volume GBS-contained samples. The enhancement in the hydration percentage of C₂S was particularly pronounced. In the high-volume GBS-containing cementitious materials, NS continued to consume CH and participate in pozzolanic reactions at a later age. NS decreased the pore volume in the ranges of >100 μm and 100 nm–1 μm in high-volume GBS-contained samples, reduced the quantity of unhydrated GBS and resulted in a more compact structure. The enhancement of strength and the promotion of C₃S and C₂S hydration in increased with the higher addition of NS at 1 wt% and 2 wt%. However, this enhancement and promotion effect diminished when the NS dosage increased to 3 wt%.

Graphical Abstract

Cumulative pore volume of cement paste samples at curing age of (a) 7 days and (b) 28 days.

在水泥基材料中掺入磨细高炉矿渣（GBS）作为胶凝补充材料，可以降低水泥含量，改善水泥基材料的性能。然而，添加 GBS（尤其是大量添加）往往会降低水泥基材料的早期龄期性能，如降低早期强度、增加孔隙率等。本研究将纳米二氧化硅（NS）引入含有大量 GBS 的水泥基材料中，以解决早期龄期性能的不足。本研究旨在研究和讨论 NS 对高体积 GBS 水泥基材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响。测试和分析了抗压强度、水化产物组成、孔隙分布、孔隙结构组成和微观形态。结果表明，与纯水泥浆样品相比，高体积 GBS（60 wt% GBS）水泥浆的强度明显降低。含有 NS 的高体积 GBS 样品在 3 天和 7 天内的强度明显提高。在 28 天的龄期内，NS 对含高体积 GBS 样品强度的积极影响依然明显。NS 促进了高容量含 GBS 样品中 C3S 和 C2S 的水化。C2S 水合比例的提高尤为明显。在含高容量 GBS 的胶凝材料中，NS 在后期继续消耗 CH 并参与水胶凝反应。在含高体积 GBS 的样品中，NS 在 100 μm 和 100 nm-1 μm 范围内减少了孔隙体积，减少了未水化 GBS 的数量，使结构更加密实。随着 NS 添加量（1 wt% 和 2 wt%）的增加，强度的提高以及对 C3S 和 C2S 水合的促进作用也随之增加。然而，当 NS 用量增加到 3 wt% 时，这种增强和促进作用减弱。

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引用次数: 0

Life cycle assessment of aerogels: a critical review 气凝胶的生命周期评估：重要综述

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06455-0

Ilkay Turhan Kara, Baris Kiyak, Neslihan Colak Gunes, Sevil Yucel

Over the past decade, the increasing emphasis on sustainable material production has brought aerogel technology to the forefront of scientific and industrial research. Aerogels are known for their extraordinary properties, such as high porosity and low density, which make them suitable for a wide range of applications from thermal insulation in buildings to drug delivery systems. This review systematically investigates the sustainability of aerogel production by analyzing the environmental impacts identified in recent life cycle assessments (LCAs). It examines studies on aerogel production using different precursors, solvents, and energy-intensive production methods, especially drying techniques, providing a comprehensive analysis of the environmental footprints and highlighting several hotspots. The review particularly focuses on identifying the disparities in LCA methodologies and the results obtained, which are crucial for crafting a roadmap toward more sustainable aerogel production. The findings emphasize the need for standardized functional units and lifecycle phases that reflect the specific applications of aerogels, thus enabling more accurate comparisons and assessments. The review concludes with a discussion of the critical gaps in current LCA studies of aerogels. It also offers sustainability recommendations based on identified hotspots, advocating for improvements in aerogel production techniques that minimize environmental impacts, enhance material efficiency, and reduce waste. By addressing these gaps, this paper aims to foster a deeper understanding of aerogel sustainability and encourage the development of more environmentally friendly practices in aerogel production and application.

Graphical Abstract

在过去十年中，可持续材料生产日益受到重视，气凝胶技术也因此成为科学和工业研究的前沿领域。气凝胶具有高孔隙率和低密度等非凡特性，因此适用于从建筑物隔热到药物输送系统等广泛领域。本综述通过分析近期生命周期评估（LCA）中确定的环境影响，系统地研究了气凝胶生产的可持续性。它考察了使用不同前体、溶剂和能源密集型生产方法（尤其是干燥技术）生产气凝胶的研究，对环境足迹进行了全面分析，并突出了几个热点问题。该综述尤其侧重于确定生命周期评估方法和所得结果之间的差异，这对于制定更可持续的气凝胶生产路线图至关重要。研究结果强调，需要标准化的功能单元和生命周期阶段，以反映气凝胶的具体应用，从而进行更准确的比较和评估。综述最后讨论了当前气凝胶生命周期评估研究中存在的关键差距。本文还根据已发现的热点问题提出了可持续发展建议，主张改进气凝胶生产技术，最大限度地减少对环境的影响，提高材料效率，减少浪费。通过弥补这些不足，本文旨在加深对气凝胶可持续性的理解，并鼓励在气凝胶生产和应用中开发更环保的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Antibacterial sol-gel AgMnFe2O4 composite coatings added with degradable MgO 添加了可降解氧化镁的抗菌溶胶凝胶 AgMnFe2O4 复合涂层

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06481-y

T. Fu, P. Ning, S. Naeem, X. Ma

The AgMnFe₂O₄-MgO composite coatings with the Ag/(Mn+Fe) atomic ratio of 0, 0.3%, 1% and 3%, respectively were prepared by sol-gel method to improve antibacterial property and biocompatibility of titanium for orthopaedic implants. SEM observation shows rare cracks of the films due to the gelling effect of MgO and silver nanoparticles precipitation at the surface. XRD analysis reveals the decreased crystallinity of MnFe₂O₄ by the addition of MgO. XPS analysis indicates metallic Ag, high-valence manganese, Fe³⁺ and Mg²⁺ species in the composite film. Contact angle measurement and potentiodynamic polarization test show that the coating samples have higher contact angles and better corrosion resistance than the polished titanium. The bonding strength of the coating is relatively low tested by the pull-out method (2.6 MPa for sample with 1%Ag). Plate counting test demonstrates the silver content dependent antibacterial activity of the coating samples against E. coli, and the antibacterial rate reaches 100% at 1%Ag. MTT assay shows good compatibility with MC3T3-E1 cells for the samples with Ag ratio up to 1%. Silver, manganese ferrite and degradable MgO together determine the biological properties of the composite coatings.

Graphical Abstract

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag/（Mn+Fe）原子比分别为0、0.3%、1%和3%的AgMnFe2O4-MgO复合涂层，以改善骨科植入物用钛的抗菌性能和生物相容性。扫描电镜观察显示，由于氧化镁的胶凝效应和银纳米粒子在表面的沉淀，薄膜出现了罕见的裂纹。XRD 分析表明，氧化镁的加入降低了 MnFe2O4 的结晶度。XPS 分析表明复合薄膜中存在金属银、高价锰、Fe3+ 和 Mg2+ 物种。接触角测量和电位极化测试表明，涂层样品比抛光钛具有更高的接触角和更好的耐腐蚀性。通过拉拔法测试，涂层的粘合强度相对较低（含 1%银的样品为 2.6 兆帕）。平板计数测试表明，涂层样品对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性与银含量有关，银含量为 1%时，抗菌率达到 100%。MTT 试验表明，银含量高达 1%的样品与 MC3T3-E1 细胞的相容性良好。银、锰铁氧体和可降解氧化镁共同决定了复合涂层的生物特性。图文摘要

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引用次数: 0

Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of Terbium substituted nanosized Nickel-Ferrites from a new perspective 从新的视角看铽取代纳米镍铁氧体的结构、磁性和介电特性

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06465-y

Sunirmal Saha, Krutika L. Routray

The current research focuses on the synthesis of nickel spinel ferrite nanoparticles doped with rare earth elements via green synthesis-assisted sol-gel auto combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field electron scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectra were carried to examine the development of phase, morphology, and crystal structure. Structural parameters, cation distribution, and lattice strain were determined through Rietveld analysis and Williamson-Hall (W-H) plots. The lattice constant shows an increasing trend with increase in Tb³⁺ ion concentration. Using the G-Fourier technique, the electron density mapping of Nickel nano-ferrites replaced with rare earth (Tb) elements was computed. Saturation magnetization and magnetic hysteresis loss was found to decrease with Tb³⁺ addition. The insignificant hysteresis curve with small coercivity value and retentivity seen demonstrates the soft behavior. The room temperature resistivity values increase with the addition of terbium. The observed dielectric dispersion with frequency is explained by the Maxwell–Wagner two-layer model and the electron hopping mechanism, which are responsible for conduction and polarization. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss decrease with the addition of Tb³⁺, which can be attributed to a reduction in the hopping rate due to the substitution of Fe³⁺ ions by Tb³⁺ ions at the octahedral sites. The dielectric behavior of the NiTb_0.1Fe_1.9O₄ composition exhibits a maximum dielectric constant value with a minimal loss tangent. The Cole-Cole plot highlights the role of grains and grain boundaries in the bulk material. Through impedance studies, the resistance and capacitance of both the grains and grain boundaries have been determined. The increased resistivity and reduced dielectric loss attained in Tb doped ferrite is promising as it is desirable for high frequency applications.

Graphical Abstract

目前的研究重点是通过绿色合成辅助溶胶-凝胶自燃法合成掺杂稀土元素的镍尖晶石铁氧体纳米粒子。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、场电子扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR)、拉曼光谱等手段，研究了纳米镍尖晶石的相变、形貌和晶体结构。通过 Rietveld 分析和 Williamson-Hall (W-H) 图确定了结构参数、阳离子分布和晶格应变。晶格常数随着 Tb3+ 离子浓度的增加而呈上升趋势。利用 G-Fourier 技术，计算了被稀土（Tb）元素取代的纳米镍铁氧体的电子密度图。研究发现，饱和磁化和磁滞损耗随着 Tb3+ 的加入而降低。磁滞曲线不明显，矫顽力值和保持率较小，这表明该材料具有软特性。室温电阻率值随着铽元素的加入而增加。观察到的随频率变化的介电色散可以用 Maxwell-Wagner 两层模型和电子跳跃机制来解释，它们负责传导和极化。介电常数和介电损耗随着 Tb3+ 的加入而降低，这可能是由于八面体位点上的 Tb3+ 离子取代了 Fe3+ 离子，从而降低了跳频速率。NiTb0.1Fe1.9O4 成分的介电行为显示出最大介电常数值和最小损耗正切。科尔-科尔图突出显示了块体材料中晶粒和晶界的作用。通过阻抗研究，确定了晶粒和晶界的电阻和电容。掺杂铽元素的铁氧体电阻率增大，介电损耗降低，这对于高频应用来说是很有前景的。

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引用次数: 0

Visible light-driven removal of Rhodamine B using indium-doped zinc oxide prepared by sol–gel method 利用溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺铟氧化锌在可见光驱动下去除罗丹明 B

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06471-0

Majdi Benamara, Kais Iben Nassar, Manel Essid, Stefanie Frick, R. Rugmini, K. C. Sekhar, José P. B. Silva

Industrial dye contamination in wastewater poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating the development of efficient photocatalysts for degradation. In this work, we investigate the In doping effect in the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles for effective RhB degradation. Indium-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via sol–gel method and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a wurtzite hexagonal structure, with the crystallite size being varying from 65 nm to 53 nm with the introduction of In content. XPS measurements on the 3% In-doped ZnO sample revealed distinct core level spectra for In 3d, Zn 2p, and O 1s regions, confirming the presence of indium, zinc, and oxygen. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis revealed increased surface area and pore size, with specific surface areas escalating from 0.9 m²/g for pure ZnO to 10.1 m²/g for 3% indium-doped ZnO. Photocatalytic experiments exhibited significant RhB degradation, with degradation efficiencies reaching 93% for 3% indium-doped ZnO under visible light irradiation due to the effect of the presence of In, which causing light absorption enhancement, narrow the band gap and improve charge carrier separation. These findings underscore the potential of indium-doped ZnO nanoparticles as efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment, offering a promising avenue to address environmental challenges associated with industrial dye-contaminated effluents.

Graphical Abstract

废水中的工业染料污染给环境带来了巨大挑战，因此有必要开发高效的光催化剂来进行降解。在这项工作中，我们研究了氧化锌（ZnO）纳米粒子在有效降解 RhB 的光催化活性中的铟掺杂效应。掺铟氧化锌纳米粒子是通过溶胶-凝胶法合成的，X 射线衍射（XRD）分析表明其具有钨六方结构，随着铟含量的引入，其晶体尺寸从 65 nm 到 53 nm 不等。对掺杂 3% In 的氧化锌样品进行的 XPS 测量显示，In 3d、Zn 2p 和 O 1s 区域具有不同的核心电平光谱，证实了铟、锌和氧的存在。布鲁纳-埃美特-泰勒（BET）分析表明，比表面积和孔径增大，纯氧化锌的比表面积为 0.9 m²/g，而掺杂 3% 铟的氧化锌的比表面积为 10.1 m²/g。光催化实验显示，在可见光照射下，3% 的掺铟氧化锌能显著降解 RhB，降解效率达到 93%，这是因为铟的存在能增强光吸收、缩小带隙并改善电荷载流子分离。这些发现凸显了掺铟氧化锌纳米粒子作为高效、可持续光催化剂用于废水处理的潜力，为应对与工业染料污染废水相关的环境挑战提供了一条前景广阔的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Structural, phosphorescence, thermal, and dielectric properties of SrAl4O7: Eu3+ nano phosphors SrAl4O7：Eu3+ 纳米荧光粉的结构、磷光、热和介电特性

IF 2.3 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06477-8

R. Meenakshi, V. T. Jisha, S. S. Soumya

SrAl₄O₇ nano phosphors doped with different weight percentages of europium (1, 3, 5, and 12 wt%) were successfully synthesized using the sol-gel method. The phase purity of the synthesized samples was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and the average crystallite size increased with an increase in dopant concentration of europium. The band gap value increases with an increase in the dopant concentrations of europium in SrAl₄O_7. The decay kinetics and luminescence spectra of materials doped with Eu³⁺ were strongly concentration-dependent. TG curves show the decomposition of the organic compounds in the precursors together with the evaluation of great amounts of gases and crystallization of SrAl₄O_7. DSC curves show the breakdown of loosely bound organic molecules, the elimination of water molecules, and other surface dangling bonds responsible for the endothermic peaks. The dielectric constant decreases with an increase in frequency. The outcomes of these investigations made the focused materials worthy of applications in energy storage devices, solar cells, and lighting technology.

Graphical Abstract

利用溶胶-凝胶法成功合成了掺杂不同重量百分比铕（1、3、5 和 12 wt%）的 SrAl4O7 纳米荧光粉。粉末 X 射线衍射证实了合成样品的相纯度，平均结晶尺寸随着掺杂铕浓度的增加而增大。带隙值随 SrAl4O7 中掺杂铕浓度的增加而增大。掺杂 Eu3+ 的材料的衰变动力学和发光光谱与浓度密切相关。TG 曲线显示了前驱体中有机化合物的分解以及大量气体的评估和 SrAl4O7 的结晶。DSC 曲线显示了松散结合的有机分子的分解、水分子的消除以及造成内热峰的其他表面悬键。介电常数随着频率的增加而降低。这些研究成果使重点材料有望应用于储能设备、太阳能电池和照明技术。

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引用次数: 0