Pub Date : 2024-12-07DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06639-8
Sahar Farqarazi, Manouchehr Khorasani
The cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) as a hydrophilic polymer network can imbibe several times its weight through the swelling process, which leads to the media’s viscosity enhancement as a thickener. Once this hydrogel originates from the xerogel structure obtained from the precipitation polymerization technique, it is preferred to be easy-to-disperse powder in the aqueous media, otherwise, the coagulation of powder formed in the swelling media requires long and vigorous stirring for dispersion. Therefore, chemical factors in the synthetic step affecting the wetting time of the powder are crucial variables that must be traced for the xerogel quality improvement. In this paper, various concentrations of hydrophobic/hydrophilic comonomers such as stearyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, and acrylamide, as well as a variety of nonionic/anionic surfactants have been investigated to reduce the wetting time and improve the thickening properties of poly(acrylic acid)-based xerogel synthesized by precipitation polymerization technique. Among the co(ter)polymers prepared, the terpolymer of acrylic acid, lauryl methacrylate, and acrylamide, having the optimum viscosity, showed a wetting time of 9 min.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Chemical factors affecting the wetting time of poly(acrylic acid) xerogel powder synthesized by precipitation polymerization technique","authors":"Sahar Farqarazi, Manouchehr Khorasani","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06639-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06639-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) as a hydrophilic polymer network can imbibe several times its weight through the swelling process, which leads to the media’s viscosity enhancement as a thickener. Once this hydrogel originates from the xerogel structure obtained from the precipitation polymerization technique, it is preferred to be easy-to-disperse powder in the aqueous media, otherwise, the coagulation of powder formed in the swelling media requires long and vigorous stirring for dispersion. Therefore, chemical factors in the synthetic step affecting the wetting time of the powder are crucial variables that must be traced for the xerogel quality improvement. In this paper, various concentrations of hydrophobic/hydrophilic comonomers such as stearyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, and acrylamide, as well as a variety of nonionic/anionic surfactants have been investigated to reduce the wetting time and improve the thickening properties of poly(acrylic acid)-based xerogel synthesized by precipitation polymerization technique. Among the co(ter)polymers prepared, the terpolymer of acrylic acid, lauryl methacrylate, and acrylamide, having the optimum viscosity, showed a wetting time of 9 min.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"285 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen energy has attracted attention as a new energy carrier because it does not generate CO2 emissions during combustion. However, numerous problems face the establishment of a hydrogen infrastructure society. One problem is safety when using hydrogen. A fast sensing system for hydrogen at low concentrations will be needed for hydrogen to be used safely. WO3 is expected to be used as an optical hydrogen sensor element because it reacts with hydrogen and changes color. We prepared Pt-doped WO3 films by the sol–gel method using an ion-exchange technique under various experimental conditions and investigated the films’ response properties to hydrogen and their morphology. As a result, a Pt/WO3 film with SiO2 (Pt/WO3–SiO2 film) annealed at 200 °C showed the shortest coloring and bleaching time to 4 vol% hydrogen. The films also showed good reproducibility with respect to their hydrogen response and good long-term stability. In addition, the fast bleaching time led to a stable repeated response, enabling the films to be used in real-time monitoring applications. Moreover, the sensitivity of the Pt/WO3–SiO2 films depended on the hydrogen concentration, which suggested that quantitative sensing of hydrogen at concentrations below the lower explosive limit could be realized. Furthermore, the catalyst Pt active state and the difference in gas diffusivity due to the microstructure of the films were considered through analysis of the surface, cross-sectional structure, and elemental state of the films.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Hydrogen sensing performance and stability of WO3–SiO2 composite film doped with Pt catalyst","authors":"Chihiro Tajima, Kyosuke Sawada, Shinji Okazaki, Naoya Kasai","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06635-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06635-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen energy has attracted attention as a new energy carrier because it does not generate CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during combustion. However, numerous problems face the establishment of a hydrogen infrastructure society. One problem is safety when using hydrogen. A fast sensing system for hydrogen at low concentrations will be needed for hydrogen to be used safely. WO<sub>3</sub> is expected to be used as an optical hydrogen sensor element because it reacts with hydrogen and changes color. We prepared Pt-doped WO<sub>3</sub> films by the sol–gel method using an ion-exchange technique under various experimental conditions and investigated the films’ response properties to hydrogen and their morphology. As a result, a Pt/WO<sub>3</sub> film with SiO<sub>2</sub> (Pt/WO<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> film) annealed at 200 °C showed the shortest coloring and bleaching time to 4 vol% hydrogen. The films also showed good reproducibility with respect to their hydrogen response and good long-term stability. In addition, the fast bleaching time led to a stable repeated response, enabling the films to be used in real-time monitoring applications. Moreover, the sensitivity of the Pt/WO<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> films depended on the hydrogen concentration, which suggested that quantitative sensing of hydrogen at concentrations below the lower explosive limit could be realized. Furthermore, the catalyst Pt active state and the difference in gas diffusivity due to the microstructure of the films were considered through analysis of the surface, cross-sectional structure, and elemental state of the films.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"683 - 695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-024-06635-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the production of graphene, its derivatives and composites has been enhanced in the past two decades. Graphene is well known for its exceptional physicochemical properties including extensive surface area, good biocompatibility, high loading capacity, and functionalization capability which make it an ideal candidate for drug delivery systems. When compared to the other nanomaterials, aerogels are relatively new materials characterized by their unparalleled porosities and extensive surface areas. The ability to carry drugs is crucial in drug delivery systems, and the large surface area of graphene coupled with the high porosity of aerogels presents a significant potential for use in this domain. In this study, graphene oxide-silica composite aerogel nanostructures were synthesized firstly, using the sol-gel method and ambient pressure drying technique which offer advantages in terms of both time and cost efficiency. Then, the formulation was also fabricated in the functionalized forms with sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Different physicochemical characteristics of these new materials were investigated using SEM/EDS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA and DLS techniques. Drug loading tests were done using curcumin and methylene blue, while the biocompatibility of the nanocarriers was assessed through cell viability assay. Results of different tests confirmed the successful fabrication of the aerogels with different functionalizations, which had encapsulation capacity ranged between 20–90% and high biocompatibility after exposing with cells. Based on these promising results, this study confirms that aerogel-based platforms produced have potential to be used as nanocarriers for drug delivery systems.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Ambient pressure dried graphene oxide-silica composite aerogels as pharmaceutical nanocarriers","authors":"Elif Çalışkan Salihi, Ali Zarrabi, Atefeh Zarepour, Merve Gürboğa, Shalaleh Hasan Niari Niar, Özlem Bingöl Özakpınar, Jiabin Wang, Havva Daştan, Arezoo Khosravi, Lidija Šiller","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06624-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06624-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on the production of graphene, its derivatives and composites has been enhanced in the past two decades. Graphene is well known for its exceptional physicochemical properties including extensive surface area, good biocompatibility, high loading capacity, and functionalization capability which make it an ideal candidate for drug delivery systems. When compared to the other nanomaterials, aerogels are relatively new materials characterized by their unparalleled porosities and extensive surface areas. The ability to carry drugs is crucial in drug delivery systems, and the large surface area of graphene coupled with the high porosity of aerogels presents a significant potential for use in this domain. In this study, graphene oxide-silica composite aerogel nanostructures were synthesized firstly, using the sol-gel method and ambient pressure drying technique which offer advantages in terms of both time and cost efficiency. Then, the formulation was also fabricated in the functionalized forms with sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Different physicochemical characteristics of these new materials were investigated using SEM/EDS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA and DLS techniques. Drug loading tests were done using curcumin and methylene blue, while the biocompatibility of the nanocarriers was assessed through cell viability assay. Results of different tests confirmed the successful fabrication of the aerogels with different functionalizations, which had encapsulation capacity ranged between 20–90% and high biocompatibility after exposing with cells. Based on these promising results, this study confirms that aerogel-based platforms produced have potential to be used as nanocarriers for drug delivery systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"548 - 558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06630-3
Zarah Alqarni
The demand for sustainable energy has accelerated the development of clean hydrogen production and CO2 conversion into valuable products. This research explores the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing Calotropis procera leaf extract, and their incorporation into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers through electrospinning yielded composite nanomaterials with improved photocatalytic properties. Characterization using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the successful synthesis and structural integrity of the materials. The ZnO@PVA nanofibers exhibited a significant reduction in bandgap energy (2.85 eV) compared to ZnO NPs (3.35 eV), contributing to superior photocatalytic performance. The XRD analysis revealed that the average crystal sizes of the ZnO@PVA nanofibers and pure ZnO nanoparticles were 24 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Catalytic experiments demonstrated that ZnO@PVA nanofibers achieved a high CO2 conversion rate of 97.54% and produced 16.28 mmol/g of hydrogen, outperforming ZnO NPs. These results (97.54% CO2 conversion and 16.28 mmol/g hydrogen production) show that the green-synthesized nanoparticles have promising applications in sustainable energy and environmental remediation.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO@PVA nanofibers for enhanced hydrogen generation and CO2 conversion","authors":"Zarah Alqarni","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06630-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06630-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand for sustainable energy has accelerated the development of clean hydrogen production and CO<sub>2</sub> conversion into valuable products. This research explores the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing <i>Calotropis procera</i> leaf extract, and their incorporation into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers through electrospinning yielded composite nanomaterials with improved photocatalytic properties. Characterization using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the successful synthesis and structural integrity of the materials. The ZnO@PVA nanofibers exhibited a significant reduction in bandgap energy (2.85 eV) compared to ZnO NPs (3.35 eV), contributing to superior photocatalytic performance. The XRD analysis revealed that the average crystal sizes of the ZnO@PVA nanofibers and pure ZnO nanoparticles were 24 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Catalytic experiments demonstrated that ZnO@PVA nanofibers achieved a high CO<sub>2</sub> conversion rate of 97.54% and produced 16.28 mmol/g of hydrogen, outperforming ZnO NPs. These results (97.54% CO<sub>2</sub> conversion and 16.28 mmol/g hydrogen production) show that the green-synthesized nanoparticles have promising applications in sustainable energy and environmental remediation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"970 - 984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06611-6
Zhihang Shang, Zhiqiang Li, Xiang Zhou, Xingzhou Zhanwang, Lifang Nie, Juncheng Liu
High-hardness hydrophobic anti-reflection thin films were prepared by a mixture of acid-catalyzed and alkali-catalyzed sols using tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) bisilicon sources as precursors. The alkali-catalyzed SiO2 sol and the acid-catalyzed SiO2 sol modified with aliphatic alcohol ethoxylated ether (AEO) were synthesized firstly, and then the acid-catalyzed SiO2 sol was doped into the alkali-catalyzed SiO2 sol in a certain ratio to prepare the anti-reflection thin films. The effects of the doping ratio of acid-catalyzed SiO2 sol on the microstructures and properties of thin films were investigated. The experimental results show that both the transmittance and the contact angle increase and then decrease with the increasing of the doping ratio of acid-catalyzed SiO2 sol, and the surface hardness and adhesion are gradually enhanced. When the doping ratio of acid-catalyzed SiO2 sol is 30%, the average transmittance of the reflectance-reducing film is 92.51% in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm, which is 5.17% higher than that of the blank glass. The water contact angle of the reflectance-reducing film is up to 92°, and the adhesion of the film is the highest level 0. After 100 h of UV exposure, the transmittance of the film was reduced by 1.1%.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Preparation of high hardness hydrophobic SiO2 anti reflective thin films from mixed acid catalyzed and alkali catalyzed sols","authors":"Zhihang Shang, Zhiqiang Li, Xiang Zhou, Xingzhou Zhanwang, Lifang Nie, Juncheng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06611-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06611-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-hardness hydrophobic anti-reflection thin films were prepared by a mixture of acid-catalyzed and alkali-catalyzed sols using tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) bisilicon sources as precursors. The alkali-catalyzed SiO<sub>2</sub> sol and the acid-catalyzed SiO<sub>2</sub> sol modified with aliphatic alcohol ethoxylated ether (AEO) were synthesized firstly, and then the acid-catalyzed SiO<sub>2</sub> sol was doped into the alkali-catalyzed SiO<sub>2</sub> sol in a certain ratio to prepare the anti-reflection thin films. The effects of the doping ratio of acid-catalyzed SiO<sub>2</sub> sol on the microstructures and properties of thin films were investigated. The experimental results show that both the transmittance and the contact angle increase and then decrease with the increasing of the doping ratio of acid-catalyzed SiO<sub>2</sub> sol, and the surface hardness and adhesion are gradually enhanced. When the doping ratio of acid-catalyzed SiO<sub>2</sub> sol is 30%, the average transmittance of the reflectance-reducing film is 92.51% in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm, which is 5.17% higher than that of the blank glass. The water contact angle of the reflectance-reducing film is up to 92°, and the adhesion of the film is the highest level 0. After 100 h of UV exposure, the transmittance of the film was reduced by 1.1%.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"486 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06637-w
Nguyen H. Ngoan, Luong H. V. Thanh, Le T. Phu, Dang H. Giao, Ngo T. N. Mai
In this study, NaY zeolite was fabricated from calcined rice husk ash using a hydrothermal method, followed by modification with calcium, which significantly enhanced its capacity to adsorb copper ions. Advanced analytical techniques confirmed the successful creation of Ca-modified NaY zeolite, which boasted a CaO/Al2O3 ratio of 1.0, a crystallization time of just 24 h, and an impressive crystallinity of 95%. This zeolite featured a microporous structure with a pore diameter of 1.139 nm and a specific surface area of 321.1 m2/g. The optimal conditions for copper ion adsorption were pinpointed to a pH of 4.0, an initial concentration of 50 mg/L, and a modest adsorbent mass of 0.1 g over a contact time of 60 min, achieving a remarkable maximum capacity of 75.18 mg/g. The kinetic and isotherm analyses revealed a reversible adsorption process characterized by uniform surface energy, enabling the adsorbent to facilitate multilayer adsorption through physical interactions. These compelling findings underscore the exciting potential of Ca-NaY zeolite derived from rice husk ash as a sustainable solution for effectively removing metal ions from wastewater, paving the way for innovative applications in environmental remediation and resource recovery.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Improving copper ions adsorption using Ca-modified NaY zeolite synthesized from calcined rice husk ash","authors":"Nguyen H. Ngoan, Luong H. V. Thanh, Le T. Phu, Dang H. Giao, Ngo T. N. Mai","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06637-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06637-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, NaY zeolite was fabricated from calcined rice husk ash using a hydrothermal method, followed by modification with calcium, which significantly enhanced its capacity to adsorb copper ions. Advanced analytical techniques confirmed the successful creation of Ca-modified NaY zeolite, which boasted a CaO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio of 1.0, a crystallization time of just 24 h, and an impressive crystallinity of 95%. This zeolite featured a microporous structure with a pore diameter of 1.139 nm and a specific surface area of 321.1 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The optimal conditions for copper ion adsorption were pinpointed to a pH of 4.0, an initial concentration of 50 mg/L, and a modest adsorbent mass of 0.1 g over a contact time of 60 min, achieving a remarkable maximum capacity of 75.18 mg/g. The kinetic and isotherm analyses revealed a reversible adsorption process characterized by uniform surface energy, enabling the adsorbent to facilitate multilayer adsorption through physical interactions. These compelling findings underscore the exciting potential of Ca-NaY zeolite derived from rice husk ash as a sustainable solution for effectively removing metal ions from wastewater, paving the way for innovative applications in environmental remediation and resource recovery.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"438 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06629-w
Abu Shahid Ahmed, A.K.M. Ahsanul Habib, Israt Jahan Shukra, Shafiul Alam, Ahmed Sharif, S. M. Nasim Rokon
In this current research multiple elements i.e., Co, Mn, Mg, Cu, and Ni were doped to produce compositionally complex ZnO (CCZO) thin films which are denoted by (CuxCoxMnxMgxNix)Zn1-xO (where x = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06). Spin coating technique and sol-gel method was used to prepare the pure ZnO and CCZO thin films. The structural properties of the prepared thin film samples were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), where the morphological properties were revealed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the elemental composition was determined using Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and finally the optical properties were studied using UV-Visible Spectroscopy analysis. From XRD analysis it was observed that ZnO could incorporate the mentioned elements to a high level of 30% without altering its crystal structure and emerging a new phase. The crystallite size increases from 36.90 nm to 41.36 nm for 10% doping followed by a decline to 28.64 nm and 26.05 nm for 20% and 30% doping respectively. The spherical particle-shaped morphology of pure ZnO thin film, revealed from SEM investigation changed to the wrinkle type after doping. The successful incorporation of the targeted elements in CCZO thin films was confirmed by the EDS analysis. The transparency of the fabricated CCZO thin films increases gradually in the visible wavelength region. The optical band gap of the pure ZnO thin film was found to be 3.27 eV which increases in CCZO thin films to around 3.38 eV for 30% doping.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Compositionally complex zinc oxide (CuxCoxMnxMgxNix)Zn1-5xO thin films synthesized by spin coating technique with enhanced band gap and transparency","authors":"Abu Shahid Ahmed, A.K.M. Ahsanul Habib, Israt Jahan Shukra, Shafiul Alam, Ahmed Sharif, S. M. Nasim Rokon","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06629-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06629-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this current research multiple elements i.e., Co, Mn, Mg, Cu, and Ni were doped to produce compositionally complex ZnO (CCZO) thin films which are denoted by (Cu<sub>x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub>)Zn<sub>1-x</sub>O (where <i>x</i> = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06). Spin coating technique and sol-gel method was used to prepare the pure ZnO and CCZO thin films. The structural properties of the prepared thin film samples were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), where the morphological properties were revealed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the elemental composition was determined using Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and finally the optical properties were studied using UV-Visible Spectroscopy analysis. From XRD analysis it was observed that ZnO could incorporate the mentioned elements to a high level of 30% without altering its crystal structure and emerging a new phase. The crystallite size increases from 36.90 nm to 41.36 nm for 10% doping followed by a decline to 28.64 nm and 26.05 nm for 20% and 30% doping respectively. The spherical particle-shaped morphology of pure ZnO thin film, revealed from SEM investigation changed to the wrinkle type after doping. The successful incorporation of the targeted elements in CCZO thin films was confirmed by the EDS analysis. The transparency of the fabricated CCZO thin films increases gradually in the visible wavelength region. The optical band gap of the pure ZnO thin film was found to be 3.27 eV which increases in CCZO thin films to around 3.38 eV for 30% doping.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"450 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ceramic fibers are ideal candidates for high-temperature resistance material due to their excellent oxidation resistance, ablation resistance, and mechanical properties. In this study, precursor solutions of the continuous SiOC, and SiMOC (M = Al/Zr) ceramic fibers were prepared by a modified sol-gel method. The precursor fibers were fabricated by dry spinning, followed by pyrolysis at 800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C to yield continuous SiOC, SiAlOC, and SiZrOC ceramic fibers. The microstructure, surface morphologies, compositions, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the continuous SiOC and SiMOC ceramic fibers were thoroughly examined by relevant characterization. The results showed that the continuous SiMOC fibers exhibited smooth surfaces and dense structures with effective formation of Si-O-M bonds. The measured tensile strength of fabricated continuous SiAlOC and SiZrOC ceramic fibers revealed optimum values of 139.8 MPa and 162.4 MPa, respectively, much higher than the continuous SiOC ceramic fibers (124 MPa), showing excellent mechanical properties. The continuous SiMOC fibers demonstrated remarkable resistance to high-temperature ablation and oxidation, maintaining structural integrity after exposure to a butane flame for 60 s and heat treatment in air at 1300 °C for 1 h. Additionally, the continuous SiZrOC fibers displayed excellent infrared reflectance of 10.28%, suggesting their potential as superior thermal insulation material in high-temperature applications.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"High-temperature resistance and thermal insulation performance of continuous SiMOC ceramic fibers fabricated by the modified sol-gel method combined with dry spinning","authors":"Meijing Wang, Jianjun Chen, Zahoor Ahmad, Xiaohong Li, Fuling Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06628-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06628-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ceramic fibers are ideal candidates for high-temperature resistance material due to their excellent oxidation resistance, ablation resistance, and mechanical properties. In this study, precursor solutions of the continuous SiOC, and SiMOC (M = Al/Zr) ceramic fibers were prepared by a modified sol-gel method. The precursor fibers were fabricated by dry spinning, followed by pyrolysis at 800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C to yield continuous SiOC, SiAlOC, and SiZrOC ceramic fibers. The microstructure, surface morphologies, compositions, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the continuous SiOC and SiMOC ceramic fibers were thoroughly examined by relevant characterization. The results showed that the continuous SiMOC fibers exhibited smooth surfaces and dense structures with effective formation of Si-O-M bonds. The measured tensile strength of fabricated continuous SiAlOC and SiZrOC ceramic fibers revealed optimum values of 139.8 MPa and 162.4 MPa, respectively, much higher than the continuous SiOC ceramic fibers (124 MPa), showing excellent mechanical properties. The continuous SiMOC fibers demonstrated remarkable resistance to high-temperature ablation and oxidation, maintaining structural integrity after exposure to a butane flame for 60 s and heat treatment in air at 1300 °C for 1 h. Additionally, the continuous SiZrOC fibers displayed excellent infrared reflectance of 10.28%, suggesting their potential as superior thermal insulation material in high-temperature applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"427 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06633-0
Qasim Raza, Shahid Iqbal, Tanjina Nasrin Tamin, Ali fareed, Wedad A. Al-onazi, Mohamed S. Elshikh, Rashid Iqbal, Muhammad Jamshaid
In this study, a novel visible-light photocatalyst composite named strontium hexaferrite coupled with graphitic carbon nitride (SrFe12O19@g-C3N4) was fabricated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of metal oxygen vibration in the samples. The X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (PXRD) claimed the successful synthesis of the samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques signified stacked sheet like morphology of the synthesized photocatalysts. These photocatalysts were further elaborated to check the photodegradation efficiency of catalyst via degrading linezolid antibiotic. The outcomes showed that Degradation efficiency increased substantially up to 87.7% at photocatalyst dose of 1.25 g/L and pH of 5. The scavenger experiments demonstrated that the main components in the photocatalytic degradation of linezolid are hole (h+) and superoxide (left({{rm{bullet }}{rm{O}}}_{2}^{-}right)). It can be concluded that linezolid removal using the SrFe12O19@g-C3N4 photocatalytic approach is shown to have an appropriate efficiency based on the findings of this study.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Hetrostructured SrFe12O19@g-C3N4 nanocomposites applied to linezolid antibiotic degradation under visible induced catalytic process","authors":"Qasim Raza, Shahid Iqbal, Tanjina Nasrin Tamin, Ali fareed, Wedad A. Al-onazi, Mohamed S. Elshikh, Rashid Iqbal, Muhammad Jamshaid","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06633-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06633-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a novel visible-light photocatalyst composite named strontium hexaferrite coupled with graphitic carbon nitride (SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) was fabricated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of metal oxygen vibration in the samples. The X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (PXRD) claimed the successful synthesis of the samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques signified stacked sheet like morphology of the synthesized photocatalysts. These photocatalysts were further elaborated to check the photodegradation efficiency of catalyst via degrading linezolid antibiotic. The outcomes showed that Degradation efficiency increased substantially up to 87.7% at photocatalyst dose of 1.25 g/L and pH of 5. The scavenger experiments demonstrated that the main components in the photocatalytic degradation of linezolid are hole (h<sup>+</sup>) and superoxide <span>(left({{rm{bullet }}{rm{O}}}_{2}^{-}right))</span>. It can be concluded that linezolid removal using the SrFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalytic approach is shown to have an appropriate efficiency based on the findings of this study.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"534 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06553-z
Munaza Sadiq, Eman Aldosari, Naseeb Ahmad, Muhammad Aslam
In light of environmental issues such as the depletion of hydrocarbon resources and global warming, the adoption of environmentally sustainable method of power generation has become crucial nowadays. In this regard, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) refers to the electrochemical formation of oxygen gas from water molecules, constituting a fundamental and challenging step in transforming electrical energy into chemical energy. The current study has focused on improving OER performance by designing CuSe/PANI nanocomposites as efficient and durable electrocatalysts. The resultant nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using a comprehensive set of analytical techniques. All the studies validate the phase composition and structure of the CuSe/PANI nanocomposite. The electrochemical evaluations in 1.0 M KOH evidence that coupling PANI with CuSe reduces the overpotential (211 mV) and Tafel gradient value (38 mV/dec) of nanocomposite improving OER kinetics. Moreover, nanocomposite exhibited a larger electrochemical active surface area value (730 cm2) which results in increased kinetics and enhanced capacitive properties. CuSe/PANI nanocomposite’s remarkable durability is demonstrated by its catalytic performance evaluation in alkaline solution, attaining 85 mA/cm2 for 30 h and even after 2000th cycles. All these results suggest that PANI composite with CuSe surface promotes effective electron conduction and ion diffusion at the electrode-electrolyte interface. This work not only advances the understanding of selenide-based polymer composites but also provides a new pathway for developing high-performance OER catalysts, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"CuSe nanoparticles anchored on polyaniline (PANI)matrix as highly efficient and durable electrocatalyst for robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER)","authors":"Munaza Sadiq, Eman Aldosari, Naseeb Ahmad, Muhammad Aslam","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06553-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06553-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In light of environmental issues such as the depletion of hydrocarbon resources and global warming, the adoption of environmentally sustainable method of power generation has become crucial nowadays. In this regard, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) refers to the electrochemical formation of oxygen gas from water molecules, constituting a fundamental and challenging step in transforming electrical energy into chemical energy. The current study has focused on improving OER performance by designing CuSe/PANI nanocomposites as efficient and durable electrocatalysts. The resultant nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using a comprehensive set of analytical techniques. All the studies validate the phase composition and structure of the CuSe/PANI nanocomposite. The electrochemical evaluations in 1.0 M KOH evidence that coupling PANI with CuSe reduces the overpotential (211 mV) and Tafel gradient value (38 mV/dec) of nanocomposite improving OER kinetics. Moreover, nanocomposite exhibited a larger electrochemical active surface area value (730 cm<sup>2</sup>) which results in increased kinetics and enhanced capacitive properties. CuSe/PANI nanocomposite’s remarkable durability is demonstrated by its catalytic performance evaluation in alkaline solution, attaining 85 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> for 30 h and even after 2000<sup>th</sup> cycles. All these results suggest that PANI composite with CuSe surface promotes effective electron conduction and ion diffusion at the electrode-electrolyte interface. This work not only advances the understanding of selenide-based polymer composites but also provides a new pathway for developing high-performance OER catalysts, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"413 - 426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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